The Bronx from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia "Bronx" Redirects Here
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The Bronx From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Bronx" redirects here. For other uses, see Bronx (disambiguation). The Bronx The Bronx, New York Borough of New York City Bronx County Concourse Village and Yankee Stadium Flag Motto: "Ne cede malis" - "Yield Not To Evil" The Bronx is shown in orange. Coordinates: 40°50′14″N 73°53′10″W Country United States of America State New York County Bronx City New York Borough created 1898 (County in 1914) Government • Type Borough (New York City) • Borough Rubén Díaz, Jr. President — (Borough of the Bronx) Robert T. Johnson • District Attorney — (Bronx County) Area • Total 150 km2 (57 sq mi) • Land 110 km2 (42 sq mi) • Water 40 km2 (15 sq mi) Highest elevation 90 m (280 ft) Population (July 1, 2012) • Total 1,408,473 • Density 12,507/km2 (32,393/sq mi) (2012 pop. as estimated in July 2012; density is July 2006 est. pop. on land area as of 2000[1]) Eastern Standard Time (North Time zone America) (UTC-5) • Summer (DST) Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4) ZIP Code prefix 104 Area code(s) 347, 718, 917. 646. Official website of the Bronx Website Borough President The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with Bronx County, it was the last of the 62 counties of New York State to be incorporated. Located north of Manhattan and Queens, and south of Westchester County, the Bronx is the only borough that is located primarily on the mainland (a very small portion of Manhattan, the Marble Hill neighborhood, is physically located on the mainland, because of the rerouting of the Harlem River in 1897). The Bronx's population is 1,385,108 according to the 2010 United States Census.[2] The borough has a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2), making it the fourth-largest in land area of the five boroughs, the fourth most populated, and the third-highest in population density.[1] The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west, closer to Manhattan, and the flatter eastern section, closer to Long Island. Technically, the West Bronx is divided from the East Bronx by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattan's Fifth Avenue—making the West Bronx roughly one-eighth the size of the East Bronx. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City (then largely confined to Manhattan) in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River were annexed in 1895.[3] The Bronx first assumed a distinct legal identity when it became a borough of Greater New York in 1898. Bronx County, with the same boundaries as the borough, was separated from New York County (afterwards coextensive with the Borough of Manhattan) as of January 1, 1914.[4] Although the Bronx is the third most densely populated county in the U.S.,[1] about a quarter of its area is open space,[5] including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo in the borough's north and center, on land deliberately reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed northwards and eastwards from Manhattan with the building of roads, bridges and railways. The Bronx River was named after Jonas Bronck, who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639,[6][7][8][9][10] and eventually lent its name to the entire borough. The native Lenape were progressively displaced after 1643 by settlers. The Bronx received many Irish, German, Jewish and Italian immigrants as its once-rural population exploded between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. They were succeeded after 1945 by African Americans and Hispanic Americans from the Caribbean basin — especially Puerto Rico[11] and later the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica. In recent years, this cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop. The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the U.S., the 16th, but its wide variety of neighborhoods also includes the affluent and middle to upper income Riverdale, Schuylerville and Country Club.[12][13] The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a sharp decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s and the 1970s, culminating in a wave of arson. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace in the 1990s into today.[14] New York's five boroughs overview Jurisdiction Population Land area 1 July 2012 square square Borough County Estimates miles km Manhattan New York 1,619,090 23 59 The Bronx Bronx 1,408,473 42 109 Brooklyn Kings 2,565,635 71 183 Queens Queens 2,272,771 109 283 Staten Island Richmond 470,728 58 151 City of New York 8,336,697 303 786 State of New York 19,570,261 47,214 122,284 Source: United States Census Bureau [2] [1] [15] Contents • 1 History o 1.1 Origins and name of the Bronx o 1.2 Before 1914 o 1.3 20th century . 1.3.1 New York City expands . 1.3.2 Decline . 1.3.3 Revitalization • 2 Geography o 2.1 Adjacent counties o 2.2 Location and physical features o 2.3 Parks and open space o 2.4 Neighborhoods . 2.4.1 East Bronx . 2.4.1.1 City Island and Hart Island . 2.4.2 West Bronx . 2.4.2.1 Northwestern Bronx . 2.4.2.2 South Bronx o 2.5 Shopping districts . 2.5.1 The Bronx Hub . 2.5.2 The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market • 3 Transportation o 3.1 Roads and streets o 3.2 Highways o 3.3 Bridges and tunnels o 3.4 Mass transit o 3.5 Postal service • 4 Demographics o 4.1 Race, ethnicity, language, and immigration o 4.2 Population and housing o 4.3 Individual and household income • 5 Government and politics o 5.1 Local government o 5.2 Legislative and congressional representatives o 5.3 Votes for other offices • 6 Economy • 7 Education o 7.1 High schools o 7.2 Institutions of higher education • 8 Cultural life and institutions o 8.1 The press and broadcasting . 8.1.1 Newspapers . 8.1.2 Radio and television • 9 Screen, literature and song o 9.1 On screen (film and television) o 9.2 In literature o 9.3 In song • 10 See also • 11 References o 11.1 Footnotes o 11.2 Notes o 11.3 Further reading . 11.3.1 General . 11.3.2 Bronx history • 12 External links o 12.1 General links o 12.2 Places in the Bronx o 12.3 Bronx history o 12.4 The Bronx today History 1867 map The history of the Bronx started with European colonization in 1639. The Bronx was originally part of Westchester County, but it was ceded to New York County in fragments before it became Bronx County. Origins and name of the Bronx The Bronx was called Rananchqua[16] by the native Siwanoy [17] band of Lenape (the Delawares to Europeans), while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck.[18] It was divided by the Aquahung River. Jonas Bronck (?–1643) was a Swedish born emigrant from [Sweden Komstad, Norra Ljunga socken, Småland,]] who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639.[19][20] [21][22][23] He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland immediately north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem (on Manhattan island), and bought additional tracts from the local tribes. He eventually accumulated 500 acres (about 2 square km, or 3/4 of a square mile) between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which became known as Bronck's River, or The Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck's Land.[19] The American poet William Bronk is a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either of Jonas Bronck's son or of his younger brother.[24] The Bronx is referred to, both legally,[25] and colloquially,[26] with a definite article, as the Bronx.[note 1] (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.)[27] The name for this region, apparently after the Bronx River, first appeared in the Annexed District of the Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County and was continued in the Borough of the Bronx, which included a larger annexation from Westchester County in 1898. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers.[28][29] Another explanation for the use of the definite article in the borough's name is that the original form of the name was a possessive or collective one referring to the family, as in visiting The Broncks, The Bronck's or The Broncks'.[30] Before 1914 See also: List of former municipalities in New York City The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of the lords of Philipse Manor. The tolls they charged were resented by Bronx farmers with crops and cattle to sell in New York.