Australasian Anaesthesia 2017 Australasian Anaesthesia 2017
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AUSTRALASIAN ANAESTHESIA 2017 AUSTRALASIAN ANAESTHESIA 2017 Invited papers and selected continuing education lectures Editor: Richard Riley Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine Royal Perth Hospital Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology Unit School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Contents Airway Awake videolaryngoscopy 3 Vazira Moosajee, Scott Douglas, Iljaz Hodzovic Airway management after cervical spine surgery: A review of the literature 13 Jonathan Nicholson, William Bradley, Tish Stefanutto, Glen Downey, Lauren Berkow Tracheostomy crisis management 21 James Anderson, Travis Leahy Breathing / Ventilation Perioperative lung protective ventilation 31 Simon Wong, Ajay Kadaliparambil, Hergen Buscher Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) technique in paediatric 43 anaesthesia practice Susan Humphreys, Derek Rosen, Andreas Schibler Circulation Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Diastole is important too! 53 Kate Drummond Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation: Anaesthetic perspectives 63 Elizabeth Winson, Matthew Brain Coagulation Introducing viscoelastic haemostatic assay-guided blood product transfusion into your hospital 77 Megha Jain, Erin Chamberlen, Kathryn Santifort, Surbhi Malhotra, Catherine Downs Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) in obstetrics 95 Julie Lee, Kerstin Wyssusek, Jeremy Cohen, Andre Van Zundert Fibrinogen concentrate for acquired hypofibrinogenaemia 105 Hamish Mace, Mansi Khanna Evidence, new methods and current practice of point-of-care coagulation testing in major haemorrhage 117 Michael C Reade, James Winearls Intraoperative cell salvage 135 Laura Willington, Michelle Roets Published in 2017 by: Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Regional 630 St Kilda Road What is the role of thoracic epidural analgesia in contemporary anaesthesia practice? 147 Melbourne, Victoria 3004 Andrew Deacon, Jennifer Hartley Australia Dissecting epidural failure in the obese parturient: Time to carefully consider the lumbar 159 ISBN 978-0-9945075-5-6 interspinous ligament Copyright © 2017 by the Australian and Sue Lawrence, Adrian Langley, David Sturgess New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, Abdominal wall blocks – steps to quality assurance and managing risk 169 all rights reserved. None of the contents of this publication may be reproduced, stored James Griffiths in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, by any means without the prior written Pain permission of the publisher. Recent insights into the mechanism of opioid tolerance and withdrawal: Implications for the use 179 Please note that any views or opinions of remifentanil expressed in this publication are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent David A Jarvis those of ANZCA. Lidocaine infusions: The golden ticket in postoperative recovery? 185 Martin Bailey, Andrew Toner, Tomas Corcoran Printed by: Ellikon Caution with ketamine 197 384 George Street David A Jarvis Fitzroy, Victoria 3065 Australia Brain / Neuro Acute management of stroke 209 Candice Delcourt, Pierre Janin Decompressive craniectomy in the management of neurological emergencies: An inconvenient truth? 221 Stephen Honeybul, Kwok Ho, Grant Gillett Adenosine for transient cardiac standstill in neurovascular surgery: A heart-stopping moment 229 Shona Osborn Liver / Metabolic Anaesthesia for patients with liver disease 241 Tom Fernandez, Chris Nixon Perioperative hyperglycaemia – epiphenomenon or therapeutic target 253 Alexandra Skubala, Tomas Corcoran Faculty and Regional Sub-Editors Malignant hyperthermia – “Keeping things cool” 263 Professor Thomas Bruessel Sinéad O’Keeffe, Philip Nelson, Mark Davis Australian Capital Territory Paediatrics Dr Brenda Cassidy Faculty of Pain Medicine Hypnosis and communication in paediatric peri-operative care 273 Associate Professor Alicia Dennis Rob Laing, Allan Cyna Victoria Postoperative behaviour change in children 281 Dr Thomas Fernandez Paul Lee-Archer, Michael Reade, Britta Regli-von Ungern-Sterberg, Deborah Long New Zealand Assessment Dr Adrian Langley Queensland Epigenetics and anaesthesia 291 Dr Priya Nair Christopher Bain, Kiymet Bozaoglu College of Intensive Care Medicine Education Associate Professor Richard Riley Western Australia Preparing candidates for the ANZCA primary examination vivas 301 Dr Sharon Tivey Andrew Gardner, Ross Macpherson New South Wales Trainee mentoring – Tips to setting up a program and issues encountered along the way 309 Dr Gerald Toh Ian Balson South Australia Free open access online education in anaesthesia 317 Ryan Juniper Dr Maurice Vialle Tasmania It’s more complicated than that: Complexity and anaesthesia 325 Dave Gillespie, Rod Peadon, John Neal Management Informed consent in the age of peri-operative medicine: Is it possible? 335 Scott Simmons, Allan M Cyna The anaesthetist as a leader and manager: Priorities, dilemmas and solutions 343 Debra SA Coleman A guide to the electronic roster 355 Peter Mulrooney AUSTRALASIAN ANAESTHESIA 2017 Preface Welcome to the 2017 edition of Australasian Anaesthesia. I continue to be surprised at the depth and breadth of talent in our fields. Although there is some emphasis in several topics, it is always gratifying that we are able to produce a wide range of areas that reflects the diversity of practice in anaesthesia and pain medicine. Airway management, regional anaesthesia, coagulation and cardiac function will always be topical. Articles on education and management also feature to make this edition well-rounded and deserving of your attention. In this edition we also welcome the inclusion of several chapters focusing on intensive care medicine. I hope that you will be similarly impressed to read about some of these developments that our ICU colleagues are leading. Further, a chapter on outcomes following decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury is timely and thought-provoking. Having a family member undergo such an operation years ago made it especially poignant. Several years back a keynote speaker at an international simulation in healthcare meeting described the reluctance of many senior clinicians to ask for feedback on their own clinical and teaching practices. As a practicing surgeon, and clinical educator, he decided to embrace the principles of adult education and began to seek feedback from his surgical trainees. Thus, at the completion of each day’s operating, he now asks the trainee, “How’d I do today?” It was a little confronting at first but it became part of his embedded practice and he now welcomes it. The speaker exhorted us to follow his example and seek feedback from our juniors; irrespective of their level of training. He suggested that we might be surprised at the feedback. To follow on this theme, I can let you know that I typically receive one complaint and one to two compliments for each edition of Australasian Anaesthesia, but this is hardly enough. Thus, if you have bouquets or brickbats about the “Blue Book”, I would encourage you to give us feedback. An email address below is provided to facilitate this. Finally, I wish to thank the authors, the regional editors and ANZCA’s Publications Manager Liane Reynolds for their work and support in producing this edition. Please take the opportunity to thank our authors personally when you can and also consider writing yourself for a future edition. Associate Professor Richard Riley Editor, Australasian Anaesthesia 2017 [email protected] Airway Awake videolaryngoscopy Vazira Moosajee, Scott Douglas, Iljaz Hodzovic Airway management after cervical spine surgery: A review of the literature Jonathan Nicholson, William Bradley, Tish Stefanutto, Glen Downey, Lauren Berkow Tracheostomy crisis management James Anderson, Travis Leahy Awake videolaryngoscopy 3 Awake videolaryngoscopy VAZIRA MOOSAJEE, MBBS BSc (Hons) FRCA Senior Registrar, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia. Dr Moosajee graduated from Imperial College, London. She completed her anaesthetic training in London and Wales with subspecialty training in regional and airway anaesthesia. She is currently a Fellow at Royal Perth Hospital, in Western Australia. SCOTT DOUGLAS, MBBS (Hons) FANZCA Consultant Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia. Dr Douglas is a Consultant Anaesthetist at Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) in Perth, Western Australia. His interests include difficult airway management, airway management education, airway surgery, apnoeic oxygenation and obstetric anaesthesia, and he is the Director of Audit at RPH. He regularly teaches “Cannot Intubate Cannot Oxygenate” rescue techniques, is an Advanced Life Support and Effective Management of Anaesthetic Crisis (EMAC) instructor, and is co-author of the new EMAC Airway chapter. ILJAZ HODZOVIC, MD FRCA Consultant Anaesthetist and Senior Lecturer at Cardiff University; Royal Gwent Hospital, Wales, United Kingdom. Following his graduation from Belgrade Medical School, Dr Hodzovic’s career took him to the United Kingdom where he became a Fellow of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Senior Lecturer at Cardiff University. His main clinical interests are major otolaryngological cancer surgery and anaesthesia for gastrointestinal surgery. He has published in the field of difficult airway management and is an invited reviewer for national and international peer reviewed anaesthesia journals. He chairs the All Wales Airway Group and is a member of the Innovation Committee