National Aeronautics and Space Administration SteveSteve CookCook Manager,Manager, AresAres ProjectsProjects AmericanAmerican AstronauticalAstronautical Society Society WernherWernher von von BraunBraun MemorialMemorial SymposiumSymposium OctoberOctober 21,21, 20082008

TheThe AresAres Projects:Projects: www.nasa.gov BackBack toto thethe FutureFuture TopicsTopics

♦♦NASANASA ’’ss missionmission

♦♦AresAres ProjectsProjects designdesign considerationsconsiderations

♦♦VehicleVehicle overviewsoverviews

♦♦AresAres ProjectsProjects progressprogress

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.2 NASANASA ’’ss MissionMission

♦ Safely fly the Space Shuttle until 2010 ♦ Complete the International Space Station (ISS) ♦ Develop a balanced program of science, exploration, and aeronaut ics ♦ Develop and fly the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) • Designed for exploration but will initially service ISS ♦ Land on the Moon no later than 2020 ♦ Promote international and commercial participation in exploratio n

“The next steps in returning to the Moon and moving onward to Mars, the near-Earth asteroids, and beyond, are crucial in deciding the course of future space exploration. We must understand that these steps are incremental, cumulative, and incredibly powerful in their ultimate effect.”

– NASA Administrator Michael Griffin October 24, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.3 Ares Projects Design Considerations

♦ Assume little to no “new money” for development • Funding for heavy-lift development not available until Shuttle retirement ♦ Use reliable, proven heritage systems and infrastructure • Vehicle systems • Manufacturing processes • Experienced personnel ♦ Incorporate new technologies as needed, appropriate, or affordable ♦ Separate crew from cargo ♦ Use a single “stick” configuration for the Ares I crew launch vehicle • Crew on top instead of on the side of the launch vehicle ♦ Design in a crew escape system for increased safety

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.4 TheThe ConstellationConstellation ProgramProgram ExplorationExploration FleetFleet

Earth Departure Stage

Orion Crew Exploration Ares V Vehicle Cargo Launch Vehicle

Altair Lunar Lander

Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Building on a Foundation of Proven Technologies

122 m - Launch Vehicle Comparisons - (400 ft)

Crew Altair

91 m Lunar (300 ft) Orion Earth Departure Lander Stage (EDS) (1 J-2X) 253.0 mT (557.7K lbm)

LOX/LH 2 S-IVB (1 J -2 engine) Upper Stage 108.9 mT (1 J-2X) (240.0K 137.0 mT 61 m LOX/LH (200 ft) (302K lbm) 2 LOX/LH 2 S-II (5 J -2 engines) Core Stage 453.6 mT 5-Segment

OverallVehicle Height, m (ft) (1,000.0K lbm) Reusable (6 RS-68 Engines) LOX/LH Solid Rocket 1,587.3 mT LOX/LH 2 30 m Booster (3,499.5K lbm) (100 ft) (RSRB) LOX/LH 2 S-IC (5 F -1) 2 5.5-Segment 1,769.0 mT RSRBs (3,900.0K lbm) LOX/RP -1

0 Space Ares I Ares V Saturn V Height:Shuttle 56.1 m (184.2 ft) Height: 99.1 m (325 ft) Height: 116.2 m (381.1 ft) Height: 110.9 m (364 ft) Gross Liftoff Mass: Gross Liftoff Mass: Gross Liftoff Mass: Gross Liftoff Mass: 2,041.1 mT (4,500.0K lbm) 927.1 mT (2,044.0K lbm) 3,704.5 mT (8,167.1K lbm) 2,948.4 mT (6,500K lbm) Payload Capability: Payload Capability: Payload Capability: Payload Capability: 25.0 mT (55.1K lbm) to 25.5 mT (56.2K lbm) 44.9 mT (99K lbm) to TLI Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to LEO 71.1 mT (156.7K lbm) to TLI (with Ares I) 118.8 mT (262K lbm) to LEO DAC 2 TR 6 62.8 mT (138.5K lbm) to Direct TLI LV 51.00.48 ~187.7 mT (413.8K lbm) to LEO National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.6 AresAres II ElementsElements

Encapsulated Service Instrument Unit Stack Integration Module (ESM) Panels • Primary Ares I control • 927.1 mT (2,044.0K lbm) avionics system gross liftoff mass (GLOM) • NASA Design / • 99.1 m (325.0 ft) in length Boeing Production ($0.8B) • NASA -led Orion CEV First Stage • Derived from current Shuttle RSRM/B Interstage • Five segments/Polybutadiene Acrylonitrile (PBAN) Upper Stage propellant • 137.1 mT (302.2K lbm) LOX/LH 2 prop • Recoverable • 5.5-m (18-ft) diameter • New forward adapter • Aluminum-Lithium (Al-Li) structures • Avionics upgrades • Instrument unit and interstage • ATK Launch Systems • Reaction Control System (RCS) / roll ($1.8B) control for first stage flight • Primary Ares I control avionics system • NASA Design / Boeing Production ($1.12B) Upper Stage Engine • Saturn J-2 derived engine (J-2X) • Expendable • Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne

DAC 2 TR 6 ($1.2B) National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.7 AresAres VV ElementsElements

Altair Lunar Stack Integration • Lander 3,704.5 mT (8,167.1K lbm) gross liftoff mass • 116.2 m (381.1 ft) in length Solid Rocket Boosters • Two recoverable 5.5 -segment EDS • Two recoverable 5.5 -segment PBAN -fueled boosters J-2X (derived from current Ares I Payload first stage) Fairing Loiter Skirt Interstage Core Stage • Six Delta IV-derived RS-68 Earth Departure Stage (EDS) LOX/LH engines • 2 One Saturn-derived J-2X LOX/LH 2 (expendable) engine (expendable) • 10-m (33-ft) diameter stage • 10-m (33-ft) diameter stage • Composite structures • Aluminum-Lithium (Al-Li) tanks • Aluminum-Lithium (Al-Li) tanks • Composite structures, instrument unit and interstage • Primary Ares V avionics system

RS-68 LV 51.00.48 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.8 Ares V Element Heritage

Upper Stage Derived Vehicle Systems

J-2X Upper Stage Engine

USAF RS-68B From Delta IV RS-68 Elements from First Stage RSRB (5-Segment RSRB)

Ares I Ares V Delta IV 25.5 t (56.2K lbm) to 71.1 t (156.7K lbm) to TLI (with Ares I) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) 63.0 t (138.5K lbm) to Direct TLI 187.7 t (413.8K lbm) to LEO

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.9 Ares V Utilization Studies

♦ NASA has begun preliminary concept work on vehicle ♦ Focused on design of EDS, payload shroud, core stage, and RS-68 core stage engines ♦ Recent point-of-departure updated for additional performance margin using an additional RS-68 and an added 1/2 segment on the first stage ♦ Shroud size dictated by eventual size of Altair lunar lander ♦ Also investigating alternate uses for Ares V not related to human space exploration • Very large (8-meter aperture) science telescopes in low-Earth or Lagrange (L2) orbits • Capabilities could exceed Hubble by an order of magnitude

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.10 Vehicle Integration Accomplishments

Ares PDR Complete Ares 4% Model Aeroacoustices Wind Tunnel Test Ames research Center, CA

Ares 1% Model Transonic Wind Tunnel Test Dynamic Test Stand Renovations Langley Research Center, VA Marshall Space Flight Center, AL First Stage Accomplishments

First Stage DM-1 Nozzle Fabrication First Stage Fin Installation and Removal Testing Promontory, UT Promontory,UT

First Stage Forward Segment Propellant Casting First Stage Forward Core Fin Removal Promontory, UT Promontory, UT Upper Stage Accomplishments

DELMIA Simulation of Interstage Mock-Up MPTA Manufacturing Process with DELMIA Simulation Overlays Marshall Space Flight Center, AL Marshall Space Flight Center, AL

Dome Gore Panel Chemical Milling First FSW Demonstration Weld of Dome Gore Panels Los Angeles, CA Marshall Space Flight Center, AL Upper Stage Engine Accomplishments

J-2X Powerpack 1A Testing J-2X Powerpack Removal from A-1 Test Stand Stennis Space Center, MS Stennis Space Center, MS

J-2X Workhorse Gas Generator Manufacturing E3 Subscale Diffuser Test Canoga Park, CA Stennis Space Center, MS Ares I-X Test Flight

♦ First Ares I flight test (uncrewed) ♦ Will demonstrate ascent, separation, roll control, recovery, and ground capabilities ♦ Uses off-the-shelf, active, and simulator hardware • First stage propulsion, avionics, and roll control active systems • First stage forward structures, upper stage, Orion crew exploration vehicle, and Launch Abort System (LAS) instrumented mass simulator hardware ♦ Holding flight hardware deliveries to July 11, 2009 launch date ♦ Launch date could be delayed due to availability of Mobile Launcher

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7593.15 AresAres II --XX AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

Upper Stage Simulator Assembly Roll Control System Test and Fabrication Glenn Research Center (GRC), OH Huntsville, AL and WSTF, NM

Forward Frustum Fabrication First Stage Actuator Systems Testing Indianapolis, IN Marshall Space Flight Center, AL Summary

♦ The Constellation Program renews the nation’s commitment to human space exploration • Access to ISS • Human explorers to the Moon and beyond • Large telescopes and other hardware to LEO ♦ Hardware is being built today ♦ Development made easier by applying lessons learned from 50 years of spaceflight experience ♦ Ares V heavy-lift capability will be a strategic asset for the nation ♦ Constellation provides a means for world leadership through inspiration and strategic capability

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7614.17 www.nasa.gov/ares

National Aeronautics and Space Administration SMDC_Briefing7614.18