AGOA: Trade and Investment Performance Overview
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Contrasting Andean Attitudes Towards Foreign Direct Investment
9 | Global Societies Journal, Issue 1, 2013 So Close Yet So Far: Contrasting Andean Attitudes towards Foreign Direct Investment By: Daniela Peinado ABSTRACT Should a developing nation embrace foreign direct investment, or are such decisions more likely to result in a dependency that inhibits growth in the long run? The recently elected presidents of neighboring countries Bolivia and Peru have opposing attitudes in this regard, despite their analogous reliance on mineral exports and predominantly indigenous populations. I closely examine the impact of two lucrative mines—both in production for over one hundred years, privatized around the turn of the last century, and most recently owned by Swiss company Glencore. I find that Morales’s choice to renationalize the mine in Bolivia is justified based on the perceived impact of foreign involvement, the desires of his constituents, and his overwhelming concern for the environment. However, though the country has made significant financial gains thus far, it is still too soon to fully realize the repercussions of his decision. On the other hand, as Peru enjoys a relatively prosperous economy, even a narrowly focused case study illustrates the merits and downfalls of neoliberal policies in Latin America. Keywords: political economy, nationalize, privatize, foreign direct investment, development, resources, populist, public opinion, neoliberal policies INTRODUCTION Foreign direct investment is a divisive topic in the study of international political economy, and especially important as the world continues to grow interconnected. Opponents contend it is exploitative and leads to dependant development, while proponents suggest it might even be essential for economic growth, providing capital, technology, and employment. -
Local Energy Guide
Local Energy Guide Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 4 1.1 The Energy Hubs ............................................................................ 4 1.2 Cornwall Insight ............................................................................ 4 1.3 Document Guide ............................................................................ 5 2 Overview of the GB gas and electricity markets ........................................... 6 2.1 Key roles in the GB electricity market .................................................. 6 2.2 Key roles in the GB gas market ........................................................... 9 2.3 Regulation and Governance .............................................................. 10 2.4 Energy Policy ............................................................................... 11 3 Routes to Market and Siting Considerations ............................................... 14 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 14 3.2 Public supply ............................................................................... 14 3.3 Private wire supply ........................................................................ 18 4 Revenues ........................................................................................ 21 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 21 4.2 Export via the electricity grid .......................................................... -
El Clúster Productivo Del Cobre: Retos Para La Sostenibilidad
Dirección Nacional de Prospectiva y Estudios Estratégicos EL CLÚSTER PRODUCTIVO DEL COBRE: RETOS PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD Documento de trabajo Actualizado al 21 de diciembre del 2020 El clúster productivo del cobre: retos para la sostenibilidad Javier Abugattás Presidente del Consejo Directivo del CEPLAN Centro Nacional de Planeamiento Estratégico Bruno Barletti Director Ejecutivo del CEPLAN Jordy Vilchez Astucuri Director Nacional de Prospectiva y Estudios Estratégicos Equipo técnico: Erika Celiz Ignacio, Marco Francisco Torres, Karin Rivera Miranda, Gustavo Rondón Ramirez. Editado por: Centro Nacional de Planeamiento Estratégico Av. Canaval y Moreyra 480, piso 11 San Isidro, Lima, Perú (51-1) 211-7800 [email protected] www.ceplan.gob.pe © Derechos reservados Primera edición, junio de 2020 2 Tabla de contenido Resumen ejecutivo .............................................................................................................. 5 I. Introducción ..................................................................................................................... 6 II. Marco metodológico ........................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Marco de Medios de Vida Sostenibles .................................................................................. 7 2.1.1. Principios ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2. Elementos que conforman el marco de Medios de Vida Sostenibles -
Monitoring Social Obligations – Q4 2018 Data Report
Monitoring company performance – quarterly reporting Ofgem monitors the performance of domestic suppliers in relation to debt, disconnection, prepayment meters and help for customers in vulnerable positions. Information is collected from suppliers on a quarterly and annual basis and the data received is set out in the tables that follow and published on the Ofgem website. The published data should be read in conjunction with the accompanying guidance notes which contains definitions on the data collected. The guidance is available on the Ofgem website at the link below: Social Obligations Reporting Guidance Notes You may notice that a data field is left blank. This indicates that the supplier was unable to provide the required data for that specific reporting period. For the reconnections table, suppliers will only be shown if they have disconnected customers in the relevant reporting period. Please note that data from the following suppliers has been excluded from the report because their return data was not available: economyenergy - Electricity economyenergy - Gas Our Power - Electricity Our Power - Gas Payment Methods December 2018 Quarterly Budgeting Monthly Prepayment Electricity cash / Fuel Direct payment Other Total direct debit meter cheque schemes Affect Energy 95.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3% 100.0% Avid Energy 0.0% 98.6% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Avro Energy 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Axis Telecom 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Breeze Energy Supply Ltd 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Brilliant Energy -
A Brief History of the GB Energy B2C Retail Market – 'The Disruption Of
22nd Edition November 2020 World Energy Markets Observatory A brief history of the GB energy B2C retail market – ‘the disruption of incumbents’ Over the last 15 years, the GB energy retail market has changed significantly. A look back to 2005 shows 12 suppliers, with the ‘Big 6’ incumbent energy retailers – EDF Energy, British Gas, SSE, Scottish Power, npower (RWE) and E.ON having a market share of effectively 100% of the 30 million customers in the UK.1 Only 15 years later, the market in 2020 looks dramatically million in gas.3 Of these, 22% were customers switching away different - with over 50 suppliers, and the market share of the from the six largest suppliers.4 legacy incumbents’ being reduced to circa 70%. Moreover, suppliers previously thought of as “challengers” or “small Not every new entrant or challenger that has entered the suppliers” have made large acquisitions and/or grown market has been successful. In particular, in 2018 we witnessed significantly. The market is now dominated by Ovo Energy, 14 exits from the market, with Ofgem, the energy regulator, EDF, British Gas, Scottish Power and E.ON. needing to use supply of last resort arrangements for over one million customers.5 Further, a series of acquisitions from Figure 1 provides a chronicle (2005 to 2020) of how the market Octopus Energy (including ENGIE, Co-Operative Energy, structure has changed and how the UK energy retail market Affect Energy and Iresa Energy) have seen their customer base has become one of the most competitive in Europe. The increase to over one million in less than five years. -
The Mineral Industry of Peru in 1999
THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF PERU By Alfredo C. Gurmendi With a population of more than 27 million, Peru had a gross concessions for construction and operation of public domestic product (GDP) of $52 billion,1 or $116 billion in terms infrastructure (roads, ports, and airports), and embarked on of purchasing power parity in 1999 (Ministerio de Energía y fiscal austerity and investment in social development and Minas, 1999a, p. 1; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2000). agriculture (Ministerio de Energía y Minas, 1999c, p. 3, 6). The GDP grew by 3.8%, which was considerably higher than The Asian Pacific Economic Council’s (APEC) 18 members, 0.7% in 1998, and the average inflation rate for the year was which included Peru, had a GDP of $13 trillion, which 3.7%, which was lower than 6.0% in 1998. Minerals and represented 56% of world income and 46% of global trade in hydrocarbon industries were 11.8% of Peru’s 1999 GDP. 1999. APEC was expected to provide increased opportunities Mining export revenues represented 49.2% of total exports of to Peru to expand and diversify its international trade $6.1 billion, the trade deficit was about $0.6 billion. In spite of (Ministerio de Energía y Minas, 1999c, p. 8). the effects of El Niño, the Asian financial crisis, the instability CONITE reported that since 1993, Peru has received $15.7 in the Brazilian markets of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, and billion of direct foreign investments and $12.4 billion of the lower prices for its major mineral exports (mainly copper, committed new foreign investments. -
Gas Licensees
All Gas Licensee's 15/06/2021 Licensee Company no Licence Type Gas Interconnector BBL Company 2085020 Gas Interconnector Gas Networks Ireland 555744 Gas Interconnector GNI (UK) Limited 02827969 Gas Interconnector Interconnector (UK) Limited 02989838 Gas Interconnector Premier Transmission Limited NI026421 Gas Interconnector Gas Shipper Acorn Peach Energy Ltd 10117252 Gas Shipper AES Ballylumford Limited NI026040 Gas Shipper Aikafour Limited HE169886 Gas Shipper AIK Energy Austria GmbH FN515016b Gas Shipper AIK Energy Ltd 08636666 Gas Shipper AIK Energy Romania S.R.L. J40/16277/2017 Gas Shipper Alfa Smart Energy Ltd 10833778 Gas Shipper Alpha Fuels Limited 07258567 Gas Shipper Alpherg S.p.A. MI-2531173 Gas Shipper Alpiq Ltd CH-249.3.00.044-9 Gas Shipper Antargaz 572126043 Gas Shipper AOT Energy Switzerland AG CHE-102.285.624 Gas Shipper Aughinish Alumina Limited 59982 Gas Shipper Avanti Gas Limited 0481121 Gas Shipper AvantiGas On Limited 10430843 Gas Shipper Avro Commercial Shipping Limited 11130819 Gas Shipper Axpo UK Limited 06600942 Gas Shipper Barclays Bank Plc 1026167 Gas Shipper Barrow Shipping Limited 08172858 Gas Shipper Bayerngas Energy GmbH HRB 163683 Gas Shipper BE 2020 Limited 09135084 Gas Shipper BG Gas Services Limited 03299002 Gas Shipper BGI Trading Limited 10971802 Gas Shipper BNP Paribas 662 042 449 4CS Gas Shipper Bonroy Petchem Co Limited 11351915 Gas Shipper Bord Gais Energy Limited 463078 Gas Shipper BP Exploration Operating Company Limited 0305943 Gas Shipper BP Gas Marketing Limited 0908982 Gas Shipper British Gas -
The Mineral Industry of Peru in 2006
2006 Minerals Yearbook PERU U.S. Department of the Interior August 2009 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUS T RY OF PERU By Alfredo C. Gurmendi In 2006, Peru’s economic turnaround was assisted by floating Companhia Vale do Rio Doce for the the Bayovar phosphate exchange rates and increased interest rates by the Banco project ($300 million). The Ministerio de Energía y Minas Central de Reserva del Perú to fight inflationary pressures. reported that of the committed investment in 2006, Peru received The International Monetary Fund supported Peru’s move to a $1 billion for gas and $200 million for petroleum. system of inflation targets and currency devaluation to guide Petróleos del Perú (PETROPERU S.A.) was created on its monetary policy. This action allowed the country to restore July 24, 1969 (law No.17753) as a state-owned entity dedicated confidence in the Government’s economic policies and created sequentially to transportation, refining, and commercialization conditions for lower inflation and interest rates. Inflation was of refined products and other derivatives of petroleum. The 1.1% compared with 1.5% in 2005. Peruvian Congress on June 2, 2004 (law No.28244) excluded In 2006, Peru occupied a leading position in the global PETROPERU S.A. from the privatization process and production of the following mineral commodities: arsenic authorized its participation in the exploration and production trioxide (fourth after China, Chile, and Morocco), bismuth of hydrocarbons. The state agency Perupetro S.A. was created (third after China and Mexico), copper (third after Chile and on November 18, 1993 (law No. -
Plantilla IESE Documentos Con Centros
WP-1205-E August 2018 Powering Côte d'Ivoire. Understanding the Landscape and Exploring Possibilities for Investment LETICIA PELIZAN PAVLAK Research Director, IESE Fuel Freedom Chair SIAM-IZE HERMANN SEDJI Research assistant AHMAD RAHNEMA ALAVI Professor Abstract Back in the ’90s, Côte d’Ivoire was one of the first nations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to turn to independent power producers (IPPs) to meet its rapidly growing demand and to grant a private utility a concession to operate the distribution and transmission network. Thanks to this strategy, its power system is one of the most reliable and extensive in SSA. Aware of the crucial role electrification plays in sustaining economic growth and accelerating social development, the country has made substantial and rapid progress since the end of the post-electoral conflict in 2011. However, the sector still faces many challenges. The electricity consumption per capita is 10 times lower than the world average, and 67% of households, primarily in rural areas, do not have an electricity connection. The tariffs and access fees are too high for a significant part of the population but too low to cover the costs of the system, which creates a financial deficit. With regard to electricity generation, the sector is still has a high concentration of players and technologies. Shortages in the supply of domestic natural gas – the main fuel to generate electricity – represent a threat, and the potential of renewable energies (other than hydro) remains locked. Furthermore, demand is growing fast, putting pressure on the country’s investment capacity, and the outdated network is suffering high commercial and technical losses. -
Annual Information Form Just Energy Group Inc. May 15, 2019
ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM JUST ENERGY GROUP INC. MAY 15, 2019 JUST ENERGY GROUP INC. MAY 15, 2019 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM (1)(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………..1 THREE YEAR HISTORY OF THE COMPANY .................................................................................................... 5 BUSINESS OF JUST ENERGY ................................................................................................................................. 9 RISK FACTORS ....................................................................................................................................................... 22 DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 22 MARKET FOR SECURITIES ................................................................................................................................. 23 PRIOR SALES ........................................................................................................................................................... 26 ESCROWED SECURITIES ..................................................................................................................................... 26 DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY ................................................................. 26 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS ............................................................................... 30 INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT -
Annex 3 - Mock-Up of How the 2018/19 Annual Report Would Look If the Proposed Changes Were Made
Consultation seeking views on proposed changes to the format of the Renewables Obligation (RO) Annual Report Annex 3 - Mock-up of how the 2018/19 annual report would look if the proposed changes were made The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU Tel 020 7901 7000 www.ofgem.gov.uk 0 Renewables Obligation Annual Report (Proposal 2019-20) The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU Tel 020 7901 7000 www.ofgem.gov.uk 1 Executive Summary The Renewables Obligation (RO) is a scheme which supports the deployment of large-scale renewable electricity generation in Great Britain (GB), and the deployment of large-scale, as well as smaller scale renewable electricity generation in Northern Ireland (NI), by setting an obligation on licensed electricity suppliers to source a portion of their supply from renewable sources. This report covers scheme activity during the 2018-19 obligation period (1 April 2018 – 31 March 2019). Supplier compliance Overall, suppliers presented 107.64 million Renewables Obligation Certificates (ROCs) towards the total UK obligation of 127.62 million ROCs. Those suppliers not meeting their obligation by presenting ROCs are required to make up the shortfall by making payments into the buy-out fund or the late payment fund. The payments collected resulted in £841.9m being redistributed to eligible suppliers from the combined buy-out fund and late payment fund, exceeding the previous record of £604.1m set in 2017-18. The proportion of the obligation met by suppliers presenting ROCs (84.34%) was slightly lower than the corresponding figure in 2017-18 (87.6%). -
An Assessment of the Economic and Social Impacts of Climate Change on the Energy Sector in the Caribbean
Project Document An assessment of the economic and social impacts of climate change on the energy sector in the Caribbean Ramón Martín Charmaine Gomes Dillon Alleyne Willard Phillips Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Organization. LC/CAR/L.397 Copyright © United Nations, February 2013. All rights reserved Printed in Santiago, Chile – United Nations ECLAC – Project Documents collection The economic and social impacts of climate change on the energy... Contents Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 7 I. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 9 II. Climate change and the energy sector in the Caribbean: a literature review ........................13 A. Energy and clilmate change ........................................................................................13 1. Effects of climate change on energy use patterns ................................................13 2. Effects of energy production on climate change ...................................................15 3. Effects of climate change on energy production ...................................................16 B. Overview of concerns and main challenges ................................................................18