AUSTRIAN STUDIESCENTER FOR AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 13, No. 2 Spring 2001 Gary Cohen named CAS director by Daniel Pinkerton

The wait is over. On 28 February, the Center for Austrian Studies at the University of Minnesota announced the appointment of respected Habsburg historian Gary B. Cohen as its new permanent director, effective August 2001. Cohen will also serve as full professor in the University of Minnesota’s Department of History. Cohen’s directorship is the result of an intense, wide-ranging search that had been the subject of much excitement and speculation among Habsburg historians. According to David Good, chair of the Depart- ment of History and former director of the Center, “We had an out- standing group of applicants, and the choice was in some ways a dif- ficult one. But in the end, Gary was a clear choice. He is a first-rate scholar who ranks among the very best historians of Habsburg Central Europe in the world. His arrival puts Minnesota in position to be the top institution in the United States for training graduate students in the field and to move the field of Central and Eastern Europe in a more comparative direction.” Cohen’s combination of scholarship and administrative experience was hard to match and bodes well for the Center’s future. Cohen was educated at the University of Southern California (B.A., 1970) and Princeton University (M.A., 1972; Ph.D., 1975). A member of the University of Oklahoma history faculty since 1976, he has taught a range of courses on modern European social and political history and East-Central Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. At the University of Oklahoma, he has been director of International Academics Programs since 1996 and was director of the University’s undergraduate Russian Studies Program from 1984-96. In 1995 the University of Oklahoma Regents recognized his service to the Univer- sity with the Regents’ Award for Outstanding University and Profes- sional Service. Gary B. Cohen In an e-mail interview, Cohen discussed his reasons for accepting Minnesota’s offer. “The recent former directors of CAS and several members of the Minnesota history department were already acquainted In This Issue with me. This fall I was flattered to be among those invited by the Letter from the Director 2 Minnesota Department of History to apply for the position of CAS director. Before receiving that invitation, I had not been expecting to Minnesota Calendar 3 be moving from Oklahoma. When one spends twenty-five years teach- R. John Rath, 1910-2001 3 ing at one institution, it’s easy to be considered as a permanent fix- ASN Interview: Eric Hollas 4 ture by colleagues there and by many elsewhere. The position of CAS ASN Interview: Richard McCormick 8 director and professor of history at the University of Minnesota, how- Minneapolis-St. Paul International Film Festival 11 ever, represents an extraordinary opportunity. I’ve done a considerable Publications: News and Reviews 12 amount of administration in international studies during the last five Hot off the Presses 14 years at Oklahoma. Now I can focus my administrative activity in my News from the Field 16 own areas of scholarly interest. In teaching as well, I’ll be able to refo- SAHH News 17 cus my efforts at Minnesota on my prime interests in nineteenth- and Streetwise Guide to the Archives 18 twentieth-century Central and East-Central Europe and teach graduate News from the North 19 students as well as undergraduates. The graduate program in history at Oklahoma focuses primarily on the history of the United States, and Salzburg Festival 2001: A Preview 20 continued on page 10 Announcements 22 College of Liberal Arts AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Letter from the Director

When our last Newslet- The Center, I am happy to say, is in good shape. I very much hope ter went to print, we that donors can be found to support a Chair in Austrian Studies, were all looking with linked to the position of Center director. This would not only offer anticipation for the white important resources, but would also underscore the importance of smoke to emanate from the assignment. the halls of the Depart- In our winter Newsletter we congratulated Professor John Rath, ment of History. As most the founder of the Austrian History Yearbook, on the occasion of his of our friends already 90th birthday, December 12. We now must report that John passed know, the signals have away on February 18 in Green Bay, Wisconsin, after a long illness since been sighted, and (see article on opposite page). His passing is a great loss to his many we are delighted that Dr. friends, and to all who are working in the field of Austrian history. Gary Cohen has accepted Shortly before his death, John was awarded the Großes Silbernes both the directorship of Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich (Grand Sil- the Center and the posi- ver Medal of Honor for Services to the Republic of Austria), one of tion of Professor of His- the highest honors the Austrian government can give. While John tory at the University of Minnesota. Professor Cohen is a distin- was aware of this remarkable recognition, the medal itself, unfor- guished scholar in Habsburg and Central European history, and in tunately, did not reach him before his death. And we had so much addition he has extensive experience in directing international aca- hoped for a little ceremony in his honor! demic programs. He’s been on the advisory board of the Austrian History Yearbook and over the years has been involved in many of Well, it is time for me to go. But, before I conclude my last epistle the Center’s activities. He is, at the same time, a newcomer and an as interim Director, I want to express my gratitude to all who have old hand. We are eagerly anticipating his arrival in August. After all, helped me so much during my tenure. Foremost, of course, is our the appointment of a permanent director had been the main concern wonderful staff: Mag. Barbara Krauss-Christensen, Daniel Pinker- of the Center during the last two years. Now we can look forward to ton, Leo Riegert, Seulky Shin, and Kenneth Marks. And then there new leadership and to very positive developments. are my colleagues, Professors David Good, Kinley Brauer, William As interim caretaker of the Center, I am pleased to report that Wright, Richard Rudolph, and John Freeman, from whose collective things continue to go well. We are getting ready for our miniconfer- experience I greatly profited. Thanks also to our friends in Austria, ence, “Austria in the Heart of Europe,” which will feature the Rob- who graciously tolerated the fact that the Center for Austrian Studies ert Kann Memorial Lecture, delivered by Professor Anton Pelinka was—for two years—in the hands of a Berliner. of Innsbruck. It is now twenty years since Professor Robert Kann Good-bye, friends, from Gerhard. And welcome to Gary! Let me died, and we are glad that through these lectures we can continue to conclude with that old song from the 1930s: “Sag’ beim Abschied keep his memory alive. Other distinguished speakers at the confer- leise ‘Servus,’ und nicht ‘Adieu,’ und nicht ‘Auf Wiedersehn.’” ence are Professors Charles Jelavich, Egon Schwarz, and Jaqueline Vansant, bringing, as the Center likes to do, an analysis of Austrian Gerhard Weiss culture as reflected in history and literature. Interim Director The Center, together with our counterparts, the Canadian Centre for Austrian and Central European Studies at the University of Alberta in Edmonton and Center Austria, the Center for Austrian AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Culture and Commerce at the University of New Orleans, will pres- Volume 13, No. 2 • Spring 2001 ent a panel discussion on Austrian studies in North America at Editor: Daniel Pinkerton the German Studies Association conference in Washington, D.C. Editorial Assistants: Kenneth Marks, Leo Riegert (5-7 October), forging—we hope—an even closer cooperation than Austrian Correspondent: Nicole Slupetzky already exists between the centers and interested scholars. Another Secretary: Anna Vasiliev collaborative effort is the joint Edmonton-Minnesota symposium ASN is published three times annually (January, April, and September) and “National Myths and Pluralist Realities in Central Europe” planned distributed free of charge to interested subscribers as a public service of the Center for Austrian Studies. for October 25-27 of this year. After all, our centers are not self- Interim Director: Gerhard H. Weiss serving, isolated entities, but rather they share a common mission as Executive Secretary: Barbara Krauss-Christensen facilitators and disseminators, supporting scholarship and research Editor: Daniel Pinkerton focusing on Austria and Central Europe and creating an awareness Subscription requests or contributions for publication should be sent to: and understanding of that important region of Europe. Center for Austrian Studies Again this year, CAS will be able to offer a number of travel Attn: Austrian Studies Newsletter 314 Social Sciences Building, 267 19th Avenue S. grants to students and faculty doing research in Austria. The selec- Minneapolis MN 55455 tion committees are hard at work. We are a bit saddened that Phone: (612) 624-9811 Fax: (612) 626-9004 the number of undergraduates wanting to study in Austria has website: http://www.cas.umn.edu Editor's e-mail: [email protected] decreased—but that seems to be a general trend. Applications to Subscriptions: [email protected] Germany and France have also declined. Are our students becoming We also have a subscription form at our website. “europamüde”? On the faculty side, we are continuing our nego- The Center for Austrian Studies is an independent unit of the College of tiations for a Fulbright Visiting Professorship in Austrian Studies. Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota. Keep your fingers crossed that this will become a reality. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. 2 WINTER 2001 News from the Center R. JOHN RATH, 1910-2001 Minnesota Calendar

6-21 APRIL. Minneapolis-St. Paul International Film Festival, U Film Society. “Best of Fest” screenings 22-26 April. See story page 11.

17 APRIL. Seminar. Reinhard Neck, Economics, University of Klagenfurt, Austria. Visiting Professor, Stanford University. “The Growth of the Public Sector in Austria.” 3:30 P.M., Ford Room, 710 Social Sciences Building.

18-20 MAY. International Conference. “Manifestations of National Identity in Modern Europe.” Hubert H. Humphrey Center. Organized by the European Studies Consortium and cosponsored by the Center for Austrian Studies and others. See “Spotlight,” p. 23.

EDITOR’S NOTE

I confess I’ve never watched the In the morning of 18 February 2001, R. historians of the pre-war generation who television show Who Wants to Be a John Rath died in Green Bay, Wisconsin, were pioneers in Austrian history. While he Millionaire?, but as I understand it, after a long and very distinguished career was teaching at the University of Arkansas when a contestant just can’t choose as professor of history. He spent most of in 1936-1937, he met and married Isabel between one of four possible answers, his career at the Universities of Colorado Jones, who would be his mainstay and com- s/he can use the “lifeline” and call a and Texas, and at Rice University, before he panion for more than six decades. Their first knowledgable friend who (one hopes!) closed his professional years at the Univer- venture together was his research project will know the answer. sity of Minnesota with the Center for Aus- in Austria in 1937. He and his young wife Nobody connected with the ASN is trian Studies. were there during the troubled March Days going to become a millionaire, but Professor Rath was born on 12 December of 1938 and they did what they could dur- for the past six years, our preview of 1910 in St. Francis, Kansas. His family her- ing the ensuing weeks to give aid and com- the Salzburg Festival has made regu- itage was that of the German settlers who fort to the opponents of National Socialism. lar use of a “lifeline”—my personal immigrated in the nineteenth century to the They tried to help Ernst Karl Winter flee friend William Randall Beard, opera High Plains of eastern Colorado, western to Czechoslovakia (unfortunately without buff and music critic for the St. Paul Kansas, and western Nebraska. To over- success) and they helped refugees escaping Pioneer Press. When I must go on come the rigors of life in that unforgiving from Nazi persecution to get documents and beyond Thomas Hampson and Pierre country required self-discipline, diligence, valuables out of Austria. Despite the dis- Boulez, when I need to know “Who perseverance, and steadfastness, all quali- tractions, John was able to do research from else besides Ariadne is a leading role ties to which John was heir and which were which stemmed a book and a number of in Ariadne auf Naxos?” or “Marina manifested in both his professional activi- articles on Austria and northern Italy. Mescheriakova is singing Elisabetta in ties and his personal relationships. He returned to hold short-term teaching Don Carlos—who the heck is she?” John sought higher education first at the positions until he went into the Army during Randy always has the answer. University of Kansas, where he took his World War II. After the war was over, John Of course, he gives me far more bachelor’s degree. From Kansas he went to served with the United Nations Relief and information than I have room to print; the University of California (Berkeley) for Rehabilitation Administration in Germany but in the process he educates me and his Master of Arts and then to New York and Austria. Soon after his return from ser- makes next year’s call a little shorter. for his Doctor of Philosophy in History at vice, he was appointed to the faculty of the And that’s what friends are for. Columbia University, thereby traversing the University of Colorado (Boulder), where he Daniel Pinkerton nation and meeting some of the outstanding continued on page 6 3 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Eric Hollas: Shepherd of the Electronic Scribes

by Daniel Pinkerton at that time people turned to enter monasteries a little bit earlier than they do today. I think the average age of our incoming novices today On March 1, the Friends of the University of Minnesota Libraries is anywhere from 25 to 35 years. We wouldn’t take anyone unless and the Center for Austrian Studies cosponsored a seminar talk they have been out of college for at least couple of years today. by Dr. Eric Hollas, director of St. John University’s Hill Monastic Although I do have some mixed feelings, I’m glad I did it so early Manuscript Library (HMML), a collection of microfilmed medieval because it allowed me to do a lot of things that might have been manuscripts from Europe and around the world, which includes the postponed had I entered at a later age. As a result, I went all the way largest number of Austrian manuscripts outside of Austria itself. The through school on a big marathon—grade school, high school, col- title of the talk was “Austrian Manuscripts and the Hill Monastic lege, seminary, Ph.D.—and never worked a day in my life except Manuscript Library.” After his presentation, ASN talked with him in a classroom. Had I entered later, I’m not sure that I necessarily about his career and the HMML a bit further. would have had the stamina to do a Ph.D. At age 30, I was finally done with school, but I had all this background that suited me for ASN: You’re originally from Oklahoma City? teaching and then eventually going to HMML as the director. EH: Yes, but I did my undergraduate work at Princeton in history— and ironically I concentrated on early medieval and Renaissance ASN: When was HMML founded? and missed the Middle Ages. Later on, when I made my graduate EH: In 1965. It was first suggested by Pope Pius XII after World school application to Yale for medieval studies, they asked me what War II, when people realized that you can reconstruct buildings to my strengths and weaknesses were. I had to say that my weakness look better than their medieval predecessors, but you can’t recon- was that I never took a full course in medieval history because the struct books and other cultural records. Pius XII had invited Bene- medievalist retired while I was there. After Princeton I went to St. dictines to consider doing something about preserving manuscripts, John’s Abbey and University. I became a Benedictine monk, stud- and one of our monks named Colman Berry, who was the president ied at seminary, and was ordained. Following that, I went to Yale, of St. John’s University, took the idea and reinvented it as a project where I got my Ph.D. in medieval history with a concentration in to film manuscripts and preserve copies. Founding director Dr. medieval Spain. Then I went back to teach at St. John’s and to work Julian Plante and Father Oliver Kapsner actually put the library at the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library. together. Father Oliver did the microfilming in Austria through most of that campaign. Julian would organize the material as it came ASN: What made you choose the monastic life? Did you always back. They must have been doing 3,000-4,000 manuscripts a year, want to enter the brotherhood? which is a pretty frenetic schedule. But Oliver liked to work non- EH: No, I don’t think I always did. In college I became acquainted stop and he didn’t seem to need vacations—so they just worked year with people who knew of monastic and Benedictine life and, more round. We were also fortunate in having a board of overseers from particularly, St. John’s. That’s when I first became interested. I think the very beginning who supported this project. It’s been funded pri- 4 WINTER 2001 marily through individuals and foundations rather than any govern- of manuscripts to a wider circle of people because we’ll send things ment or university funding. Among early board members was one to scholars or students from virtually any accredited school. And man in particular, Al Heckman, who was the head of the Hill Family what we’ve tried to do at HMML is to take that next logical step and Foundation—which has since become the Northwest Area Founda- make use of technology to give even greater access to the resources tion. He helped search out funding for the first few years, and that we have. We’ve taken one of our files and put it on CD-ROM in was also a critical factor. Al was somebody who was not a medi- conjunction with the Institut de Recherche d’Histoire des Textes in evalist, who didn’t come from the Catholic tradition, and didn’t nec- Paris. And that has opened the research library to subscribers to the essarily appreciate the monastic experience—nevertheless, he got CD-ROM called In Principio. It gives them the basic information captivated by this idea and realized that HMML was something about our holdings. In constructing an inventory of our manuscripts important. Al came out of the social service field, and he made the that would be web based, we were determined from the beginning connection that social welfare has a connection to cultural welfare. that anybody would be able to search it. The web is a democratic The two go hand in hand. Out of that realization came his commit- medium. We want not just to serve the senior research scholar but ment to the work of the library and funding. also to create a website a second grader could visit—to look at our inventory and be amazed that such things exist and to see names that ASN: What year did you take over as the director of the library? he or she may never have heard of. They’ll see a beautiful image EH: In 1993. I inherited this tremendous, enormous collection. of an illustrated manuscript and say, “This is what’s in this library. Many people don’t appreciate what 90,000 reels of microfilm really That looks really cool. That’s beautiful.” Or they’ll ask, “Who is this means. They hear the number and they think it’s not so huge. But Hildegard of Bingen or this St. Bernard?” We want to do anything people who work with microfilm realize that it is an enormous we can to touch the imagination of a kid in a positive way. That’s an amount of material when you photograph it yourself. But if you obligation that we have and it’s the opportunity that we have. Why “added the water” as if it was a “freeze dried library,” it would be would anyone not want to touch the imagination of a second grader? the equivalent of four national libraries and a host of smaller ones. I Of course, some kids won’t be impressed, but if we reach a few, have always felt a great debt to the people who put it together—they we’ve done a service for the discipline and the community because dedicated their lives single-mindedly to this task. the next generation of scholars, teachers—and just as important, the next generation of kids who sign up for our courses—are going ASN: When you went into monastic libraries to film, you found to come from the numbers of people who find these things on the much more diverse types of literature than you expected—how did web. We also scan some images for people to look at on the web this affect the library’s activities? because as libraries become increasingly concerned about preser- EH: One of the fascinating experiences of the first leaders of the vation issues, even senior scholars no longer have excess to some library was realizing that in their naiveté, they had defined “monas- manuscripts. You couldn’t go and just page through the Book of tic” too narrowly. They were quickly faced with the question: If a Kells, for example. But you can see it through facsimile, and that book is in a monastic library but is not about spirituality, is it still democratizes our great cultural heritage, which should not be the monastic? They ultimately decided yes, because “monastic” is big- preserve of a handful of extremely well trained scholars. It should ger than just spirituality. Monastic life incorporates the spirit, the be shared by everyone. body, aesthetics, culture, music, philosophy, farming—everything. They realized that they needed to broaden the definition of what ASN: I’m pleased to hear that the negatives for your microfilm will would be included in the library, so they started filming other texts be stored here at the new Elmer Andersen library. that were in monastic libraries. By the time the opportunity came EH: Yes, we are very excited about that. We always have been com- along to film the manuscripts of National Library in Vienna, we mitted to keeping the negatives at an offsite location, so that nega- threw caution to the wind and realized that it would be foolish not to tives and positives will never be at the same building in case some- film all of them, even though most were not monastic. It would be thing unpleasant happens. They have been stored in Michigan for ridiculous to miss this opportunity to follow through on a mission to most of our history, and cost necessitated that we discontinue that preserve in order to preserve only a narrower selection. Why should practice. We would have had to pay significant rent, and we just some things be saved and not others, when they’re all of value? And couldn’t do that—the financial burden would be too much for us to to many people, as long as we’re preserving manuscripts, we’re pre- bear. But fortunately, just as this issue arose, the Andersen library serving the work of monks—although most manuscripts after the of the University of Minnesota was in the planning stages, and we 12th century were actually made by lay scribes. That’s always a sur- became involved in some of the early talks about that library. Both prise to people. So we outgrew our original self-definition of pre- sides realized the possibilities, and ultimately they agreed to store serving monastic manuscripts and chose as our ultimate definition, the negatives of our collection. It is an extraordinary opportunity for “Any handwritten text up to about 1550,” at which point the printing us. The Andersen Library is a particular treasure that exists nowhere process makes things standard. else in North America. We’re excited and grateful for the University of Minnesota’s hospitality. They have been nothing but generous in ASN: During your directorship, you have used high-tech solutions welcoming us into the new library. v to democratize access to the library. What’s in store for the future? EH: The very concept of the library was high-tech in its day. European Studies Consortium & College of Liberal Arts present Microfilm was not something medieval. And microfilm is still the medium of preservation, as opposed to scanning. But at the same Manifestations of National Identity time, microfilm was the first step toward democratization of manu- in Modern Europe script access because it meant—in theory—that people could study manuscripts without having to travel to Austria, Rome, or Paris. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN EUROPEAN STUDIES Anybody could order some microfilm and see it. In reality, however, MAY 18-20, HUMPHREY CENTER, U OF M sometimes graduate students at schools less well known to the Euro- peans could not get access to the originals or microfilm. The cre- The Center for Austrian Studies is a cosponsor. ation of the Hill Monastic Manuscripts Library opened up the study For more information, see “Spotlight,” page 23. 5 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER

R. JOHN RATH from page 3 taught from 1947 to 1951. In 1951 he accepted a position at the Uni- John was chairman of the Department of History at Rice from versity of Texas (Austin) and remained there until he answered a 1963 to 1968 and was Mary Gibbs Jones Professor of History from call to join the faculty of Rice University in 1963. The appointment 1968 until he retired as emeritus in 1980. To the great satisfaction at Rice allowed John to transform the Austrian History Newsletter of the Center for Austrian Studies, John accepted the eager invita- into the Austrian History Yearbook, which he published essentially tion of the Center and the Department of History at the University single-handedly. It became the premier North American publica- of Minnesota to join the faculty and to continue to publish the Aus- tion for scholars in Austrian history, largely owing to John’s sage trian History Yearbook here. He added immeasurable richness to scholarly judgment and meticulous editing. In 1966, shortly after the scholarly experience of students. Graduate students, especially, he moved to Rice, John organized the Conference on Nationality in enjoyed his seminars, which were adventures in search, discovery, Central Europe at Indiana University, with the help of Charles Jelav- evaluation, and criticism of historical evidence—as well as exer- ich. It was a milestone in Austrian historical study, for it brought cises in good writing. together people from both East and West, no small feat in the inter- It was characteristic that John expressed the wish that he not be national atmosphere of that time. The Yearbook and John’s cultiva- remembered by a listing of his publications but by service to his tion of Austrian studies achieved such renown that they won him colleagues in the profession. He took much satisfaction in recalling an invitation to dinner at the White House when President Johnson his service as a member of the executive boards of the Modern entertained Federal Chancellor Klaus in 1968. continued on next page JOHN RATH: IN THEIR WORDS David Good solicited comments from R. John Rath’s colleagues of the journal, tirelessly lobbying for it in the best sense of that for a tribute on the occasion of John’s receiving the Grand Silver term at meetings of the AHA and elsewhere, I had the unmistake- Medal of Honor. We print excerpts from some of them here as part able impression of someone whose selfless and tireless passion of ASN’s tribute to the late Professor Rath. and zeal had made him genuinely eloquent and persuasive on its behalf. Second, important and durable though his contribution in “My close personal relationship with John goes back to Colum- scholarly writings has been and continues to be in both the two bia, around 1935, when he was a grad student. I was an under- areas to which he devoted himself, Austrian and Italian history, I graduate and had talked my way into a graduate course in medi- feel sure that his greatest legacy to historical scholarship comes eval economic history. It turned out to be concentrated on Profes- from conceiving, founding, and leading the Yearbook for so many sor Eugene Byrne’s major interest: the organization of economic years.” life in 13th- and 14th-century Genoa. It quickly turned out that I Paul Schroeder was in over my head, for the chief readings were not just rather dense and technical books of economic history but also—and here “I was introduced to John Rath in the mid-fifties by S. Harrison was the rub—Latin commercial instruments, contracts, etc. John Thomson, who remarked that John was the “complete” Habsburg was wonderful: supporting me through the dense thicket in which historian, by which he meant that John truly wanted all Americans I had strayed. Perhaps it is a small episode, but it touched upon a to know that Habsburg history was not just about Austria, Vienna, deep vein in his character, which has affected all his contributions. and the Hungarians but must be understood through the history of He puts the people and the cause first. That selflessness fuels his all its nationalities. John recognized that I was just entering the work as a scholar and makes me admire him and love him for- field and was warm, friendly, and eager to help in any way pos- ever.” sible. I have never forgotten this. We became close friends and Carl Schorske collaborated in furthering interest in Habsburg studies. “In the late fifties we began to discuss steps that should be taken “Next to Arthur May, John Rath has been the pioneer of Aus- to galvanize American interest in Habsburg lands. At the time, trian studies in the U.S.A., more so than Hans Kohn, who is America was so preoccupied with German history, Hitler, World often quoted in this context, or even Robert Kann. John not only War II, the Holocaust, and Soviet control of Eastern Europe that promoted Habsburg studies in the U.S.—he is proud of his stu- Habsburg history was basically overlooked. I recall many of the dents—he has made the Yearbook a platform of international informal discussions led by John. We knew we had to convince cooperation in the research of the history of the Habsburg monar- our citizens and colleagues, many of whom readily excluded the chy. One could even say that the establishment of the Center and Habsburg lands from Central European history and included them the visiting professorship at Stanford can be traced to his engage- in courses with Russian history, that the Habsburg Empire his- ment because he demonstrated to Austrian politicians that there is torically was a part of Central Europe. Eventually, we came up a field of opportunity for Austrian studies in America. His deci- with the idea for a conference on the nationality problem in the sion to move the Yearbook to the Center for Austrian Studies made Habsburg empire. Nationalism was in vogue at the time because it in a certain way an official publication and an instrument of Tito had broken with Stalin and launched his program of national supranational cooperation in historical scholarship.” communism, which was not fully understood by the American Fritz Fellner public. The public did, however, fully appreciate what national- ism meant when we witnessed the Hungarian revolution of 1956. “Obviously I cannot separate in my own mind John’s activities “At times it seemed as if our plans would never be realized, but on my behalf as my mentor and friend and his work on the journal, John never wavered. Whether the issue was funding, getting East and will not even try. I am grateful as a scholar for both. But I can European governments to allow their scholars to participate, or offer this much as an objective appraisal: first, even John’s friends defusing tension in Vienna, John knew what to do. The ultimate and admirerers would not claim he was a compelling orator or success of the conference—and the superb three-volume Year- brilliant public speaker, though he was a very effective teacher book that resulted—was largely the result of John’s efforts.” and mentor. Yet, as I remember seeing him at work on behalf Charles Jelavich 6 WINTER 2001

R. JOHN RATH from previous page History Association, the Southern Historical Association, the Soci- ment of an endowment to grant an annual award to the author of ety for Italian Historical Studies, and the Committee to Supervise the best article published in the Austrian History Yearbook. An elo- the Rewriting of Austrian History for the Period between 1918 and quent expression of his colleagues’ respect and affection for John 1938. He was chairman of the History Section of the Southwestern was the swift and generous way in which they added to the fund of Social Science Association (and later was president of the Associa- his endowment. tion), chair of the Conference Group for Central European History The intensity and extent of his professional engagement never of the American Historical Association, and chair of the American kept John from being a courtly gentleman, kindhearted, and gen- Association for the Study of Hungarian History. He felt much hon- erous toward everyone whom he met. He was a colleague whom ored to have been a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy we all held in the highest esteem and much affection. He and his of Sciences and of the Society for the History of the Venetian Prov- lovely wife, Isabel, were on many occasions gracious hosts and were ince of Italy. always cherished friends. His final retirement, in 1985, as emeritus In 1963 the Austrian government decorated John with the Ehren- professor from the University of Minnesota, left a lacuna in our kreuz für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Erste Klasse (Cross of Honor for professional lives and a twinge in our hearts. When he died, our pro- Learning and Art, First Class). The Austrian Ministry for Education, fession suffered a grievous loss, and our world was painfully dimin- Science and Culture announced in December 2000 that he had been ished. awarded the Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die William E. Wright Republik Österreich (Grand Silver Medal of Honor for Services to University of Minnesota the Republic of Austria). An impressive and, as it proved, final evidence of John’s resolve Editor’s note: John Rath reminisced about his career in an extensive to encourage work in the field of Austrian history was his establish- interview published in the winter 1997 ASN. v

CONTENTS

In Tribute to R. John Rath R. John Rath: Motive Force in Austrian Studies William E. Wright R. John Rath: Historian Alexander Grab, Pieter M. Judson, and James Miller A Select Bibliography of Works by R. John Rath

Articles Associations and Civil Society in Reform-Era Hungary Robert Nemes The Rhetoric of Economic Nationalism in the Bohemian Boycott Campaigns of the Late Habsburg Monarchy VOLUME XXXII Catherine Albrecht Divorce and Remarriage in Austria-Hungary: The Second 2001 Marriage of Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf Ulrike Harmat Building a Regional Identity: The Burgenland, 1921-1938 The new Yearbook will be out this spring, and it will be a thick Peter Haslinger one. It will boast a forum, a review essay, and six articles, includ- The Dollfuß Ministry: The Demise of the Nationalrat ing the last installation of the series on the Dollfuß regime by the R. John Rath late R. John Rath. The volume is dedicated “In loving memory of Transformations of Austrian Memory: Politics of History and R. John Rath (1910-2001), founding editor of the Austrian His- Monument Culture in the Second Republic Heidemarie Uhl tory Yearbook” and will also feature a tribute section assessing Rath’s impact as a scholar and as a promoter of Austrian studies. Forum: The Habsburg Military The number of book reviews has increased as well, making this The Shield of the Dynasty: Reflections on the Habsburg Army, new Yearbook a real value. 1649-1918 Gunther E. Rothenberg As previously announced, Berghahn Books has now become the publisher and distributor of AHY. Alas, as with any new enter- prise, the first year has been a bit of an adventure. We are con- Comments fident that in the long run, distribution and production will be The Early Modern Cinderella Michael Hochedlinger greatly improved, and the Center will function more smoothly The Luck of the House of Habsburg: Military Defeat and when business matters and distribution are completely given over Political Survival Paul W. Schroeder to Berghahn. Editorial offices will always remain at the Center The Strategic Culture of the Habsburg Army Lawrence Sondhaus and manuscripts should still be sent to us. But for subscription and ordering information, please communicate with: Review Essay The Nation, the Provinces, and the Republic: Recent Writings on Berghahn Books, Inc., New York and London. Postwar Austrian Identities Peter Thaler E-mail: [email protected]; Website: www.berghahnbooks.com Plus 40 book reviews. 7 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Rick McCormick: Screening Austrians

text, and film has a way in which performances remain alive and preserved forever. This appealed to me more than studying drama in a department where we rarely ever saw a drama performance.

ASN: Film is “talking in pictures,” as John Sayles says, so perfor- mances and images become the text. RM: Yes, of course it’s a lot more than actors’ performances, but actors’ performances are a main portion of what you’re watching. And that is the simplest explanation of what first attracted me to film. Two other things were important. First, this was the heyday of the New German Cinema. In Berkeley and San Francisco you could see the films of Fassbinder, Wenders, Schlöndorff and von Trotta on a regular basis in the cinemas. Second, it was just about the time when video was becoming common and one of the things Kaes did in teaching film, was to use video as a way to analyze film in depth, doing a close reading. In the days of reel to reel film, you could do this only if you had an editing table. Which big film studies depart- ments had but humanities departments could not justify or afford. But with video, you could start looking at the film text the way you look at a book or drama—you could do a close study of a passage.

ASN: When I took a film course in the late 1960s, all you could do was project films in 35mm prints. RM: Which is gorgeous, the way you should see them—

ASN: Yes, but all you can do is to see them once during the course and maybe never again. It makes a huge difference. RM: And of course now we make a point of trying to have all the by Daniel Pinkerton film we teach available on video in the library for students to watch. I try to show film in class with projected 16mm film, which is harder On February 8, Richard McCormick, professor of German at the and harder to obtain these days. But to go back to my story, I got University of Minnesota, gave a talk entitled “Austrian Émigré interested in film and went on to write a dissertation about West Filmmakers.” Several weeks later, ASN caught up with him in his German films and novels of the 1970s in the wake of student move- office and engaged him in a wide-ranging talk about his career and ment of 1968. That eventually became my first book. My first job the role of Austrians in the Berlin and Hollywood film worlds. was as visiting assistant professor at NYU in the German depart- ment. They let me teach a film course, and during that year I applied ASN: Where did you grow up? for a tenure track job at this University. I was lucky enough to get RM: I’m from Chicago. My first BA was in theater, then my sec- it and I’ve been here ever since. I was hired to be a film specialist— ond BA was in German, both from Southern Illinois University. I that’s been a major portion of my teaching and research since then. was a theater major, and a minor in German. Then I was asked if I wanted to be an exchange student with a stipend. It was a regular ASN: At what point did you develop an interest in films made out- exchange between SIU and the University of Hamburg. And gradu- side of Germany and Austria by Germans and Austrians? ating with a theater degree, I thought I had nothing to lose. So, I RM: Well, interestingly enough I’d give the Center for Austrian went to the University of Hamburg, became fluent in German, got Studies a lot of credit for doing that, because it started when we involved in the theater group in my Studentenwohnheim. We did were planning that film festival in 1996, “Beyond The Sound of Brecht’s short play Der Spitzel. It’s about two parents who are afraid Music.” Now, I’d been interested before that. Early in my career at that their son is going to inform on them. I played the father and it Minnesota, I gave a course on melodrama in the films of Sirk and was a lot of fun. It was also great help for my German because my Fassbinder. I worked on Douglas Sirk and his German films from dormmates informed me of every mistake—where I was putting the the Third Reich and then on the Hollywood melodramas. Then I emphasis wrong, where you could hear my American accent. Then I compared this with the return of melodrama in Fassbinder’s films. went back and used that credit to get a second BA in German. Next It’s that kind of interaction that still interests me, and it’s that kind I went to graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley of interaction that I found so interesting in helping you organize that where my initial interest was German drama. After I got my MA, film festival. I like to discuss those films. I also became interested we got a new faculty member, Anton Kaes, from UC-Irvine, and in these films when I served on Jonathan Munby’s dissertation com- he started teaching German film courses at Berkeley. I found that I mittee. Jonathan had taken my course on Sirk and Fassbinder and was much more interested in drama as performance than drama as my Weimar course. He was an Americanist working on the Holly- 8 WINTER 2001 ON WINTER’S TRACES

Frankly, it’s not always easy to convince people to leave their cozy homes (particularly if they live in, say, California) and give a seminar talk here between January and April. As a result, winter speakers in our seminar series tend to be from Minnesota, as was the case with Rick McCormick (see p. 8) and Eric Hollas (see p. 4). Pictured above are the speakers who had the shortest and the longest journey to the Center. Leo Riegert, left, an advanced graduate student in German Studies who works for CAS, only had to take the elevator up four stories to give his paper, “Assimilated Jewish Identity in Turn-of-the-Century Austria: The Case of Karl Emil Franzos.” But Rosemarie Lester, right, came all the way from the University of Wisconsin-Madison to give her talk, “An Austrian in Wisconsin, 1856-1860: The Impressions of Franz Hölzhuber.” However, we’re equally grateful to both of them. wood crime film of the 30s and 40s. Because so many of the 40s of all those directors, he interests me the most. He has a sensibility films he was talking about were made by former Austrian or Ger- that’s very much comprised of both cultures. man directors in exile, I got interested in his take on it, which wasn’t the standard film studies paradigm that focuses on film noir as a ASN: Yes—while not losing the European part of him, his instinc- European exception to American cinema. He saw film noir as a tive understanding of American culture is very deep. When I think fusion—an American genre heavily influenced by a lot of exiled of films like Sunset Boulevard or The Fortune Cookie, he has an ear directors in the late 30s and early 40s. I think that’s a productive and eye for different kinds of American milieu that feel genuine. way to approach that genre. That interaction between America and RM: Well, I think it’s with Wilder that Jonathan Munby’s argu- Europe through emigration and exile interests me—partly because, ment—that these directors are émigrés rather than exiles—is the as an American whose mother was born in Italy, I’m just interested strongest. Wilder was much more committed to becoming an Amer- in migration stories. I am interested in that fusion because, like a lot ican than the other directors. He was probably ambivalent about of us, I’ve been shaped by it. some things that happened in the United States, but he never went back to Europe to live, as a lot of others did. Although, the very ASN: Are you more interested in directors like Lang, who was suc- interesting thing about the others who did go back—like Lang, who cessful in Europe before coming here, than, say, Wilder, who did not wasn’t treated very well in Germany when he returned—is that they do as much as before he emigrated? probably had nostalgia for Hollywood after going back. RM: No, I wouldn’t say that. Wilder never directed anything in Europe. He was a screenwriter, but he was an established screen- ASN: Do you think you will pursue research in this area? writer before he came to Hollywood. And he worked his way into RM: It’s on my list. At the top, now that I’ve finally finished my Hollywood screenwriting by teaching himself English, and eventu- Weimar manuscript and found a publisher, is a book project I’m in ally got the power to direct. As a person, he’s a fusion, and frankly, continued on page 15 9 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER

Gary Cohen from page 1 nomic historians of modern Austria anywhere I’ve had no doctoral students there.” outside the Austrian Republic. Another special Cohen’s research has focused on social devel- asset for Central Europeanists at Minnesota is opment, ethnic group relations, and education in the great Department of German, Scandinavian, modern Austria and the Czech lands. His publi- and Dutch, with its broad interdisciplinary orien- cations include two books, The Politics of Eth- tation.” nic Survival: Germans in Prague, 1861-1914 He also noted that coming to the Center for (Princeton University Press, 1981) and Educa- Austrian Studies would be, in one sense, simply tion and Middle-Class Society in Imperial Aus- getting more deeply involved with an institution tria, 1848-1918 (Purdue University Press, 1996); he knows and admires. “The Center has played articles in the Journal of Modern History, Cen- a unique role in the study of Austrian affairs tral European History, the Austrian History Year- by Americans for nearly a quarter of a century. book, East European Quarterly, Jewish History, It has the enormous advantage of a substantial and the Social Science Quarterly; and numerous endowment, which was begun in 1977 with gifts book chapters. Cohen at a spring 2000 conference from the Austrian government and the Austrian But beyond his scholarly activity lies a real honoring Istvan Deák (cosponsored people. It has a great tradition in the series of zest for the people and culture of Central Europe. by CAS and Columbia University.) important conferences it has sponsored, special “I have no family connections to that part of seminars, the Austrian History Yearbook, the Europe, but in high school in southern Califor- ASN, and its book publications. I’ve been fortu- nia, I was able to take four years of German. Along the way, I gained nate to be a part of some of these activities—for example, as AHY some acquaintance with and love for Central European music, art, book review editor from 1989 to 1992, as a member of its advisory and literature. The rich cultural flowering in the Habsburg monar- board since 1996, and as current executive secretary of the Society chy in the late nineteenth century, stimulated to a great degree by for Austrian and Habsburg Historians. I’ll have a lot to learn, but I the monarchy’s ethnic diversity, encouraged my interest in the gen- will have some familiarity with its staff and programs.” eral history of the region. The events of the reform movement in When asked if he had formulated any goals for the coming Czechoslovakia and the Soviet invasion sparked an interest in the year—or the future in general—Cohen first noted that he was giving Czech lands to go along with my interest in modern Austria.” all his energy to his current job through June and would not be able Cohen seems genuinely thrilled at the prospect of joining the Uni- to spend a lot of time on Minnesota and CAS issues until his current versity of Minnesota’s faculty. “The University of Minnesota is one obligations are fulfilled. But he did offer a few thoughts. “I’ll have of the finest Big Ten institutions, and its Department of History is to reinvent myself to a considerable degree, but it’s not my intention among the strongest in the country. For anyone interested in mod- to try reinventing the Center overnight. I expect CAS to continue to ern Central Europe, it boasts such eminent scholars as Mary Jo serve both its broader North American community of Austrian and Maynes, Eric Weitz, and David Good, one of the very finest eco- Central European specialists and its local University of Minnesota and Twin Cities community. The conferences, seminars, and books will continue, perhaps with a broader range of topics. The Center Nationalist will continue to publish the Austrian History Yearbook. Under the leadership of Gerhard Weiss, the Center has already begun to develop a new program of sponsoring visiting Fulbright professors Myths at the University of Minnesota from Austria. In the future I would like to have visiting professors come periodically from some of the other successor states as well—the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slo- and Pluralist vakia, Croatia, and Slovenia, perhaps. The Minnesota Department of History is eager to expand graduate education in modern Central Realities European history, and I expect to play a personal part in that. The Center may be able to support graduate studies in Austrian and Cen- in CentralEurope tral European affairs by providing additional financial assistance for Minnesota graduate students. “From the outset, CAS has had a close connection with the 25-27 October Department of History. That will continue, but I think that the Cen- ter’s links with other disciplines at Minnesota should be strength- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada ened, including German studies, political science, economics, geog- raphy, business administration, and art and music history. I believe The response to last issue’s call for papers has been strong, also that the Center may be able to do more to reach out to the Twin particularly from Central European scholars. Look for an Cities public and offer more public lectures and presentations in the announcement of the program on the CAS website in May, arts and in the business community.” as well as a story in the fall ASN. But now is the time to Gerhard Weiss, the interim director of the Center, summed up his make that airline reservation. Don’t miss the first official feelings by noting that Cohen “is an eminent scholar who brings collaboration between the Center for Austrian Studies and excellent credentials and a wealth of experience to the Center and the Canadian Centre for Austrian and Central European the University of Minnesota. But more than that, he has been a long- Studies. We guarantee a stimulating, provocative mix of time participant in the Center’s activities. For all of these reasons, scholarship and discussion from experts on both sides of we are looking forward to his arrival.” the Atlantic. But we can’t guarantee that snow won’t be We hope you will join us all in welcoming Gary Cohen as our falling in Edmonton, so bring that parka! incoming director and looking forward to the continuing evolution of the Center. v 10 WINTER 2001 Minneapolis-St. Paul International FilmFest 2001: Around the

& aroundWorld the

Spring is finally here, which means that the U Film Society is presenting its 19th Annual Minneapolis/St. Paul Interna- Own Boss is the final piece in the trilogy; Eeeny Meeny, Czech Republic, 2000. Col- tional Film Festival April 6-21 (with “Best continuing in the same engaging style as his lege student Jana makes a trip home, where of Fest” encore screenings through the 26th) previous two films, it captures Christian’s her father is bedridden and her mother at more than five Twin Cities venues. With humor and love of life. (86 min.) Sat., April divides her time between nursing him and over 100 films from more than 40 countries, 14, 3:30 P.M., Bell Auditorium. vying for a seat on the village council. To the film festival is the single largest film A Fleeting Passage to the Orient, 1999. ease the burden, Jana takes her mother’s event in the Upper Midwest. Empress Elizabeth, or “Sissy,” traveled place on a political committee. Alice Nel- The Austrian films are: extensively during her reign. Using the lis’ debut is rooted firmly in the Czech New Born in Absurdistan, 1999. In a Vien- travel diary of her two trips to Egypt in the Wave spirit of filmmaking and marked by nese hospital the newborn babies of an Aus- late 1800s as a guide, Ruth Beckermann has good-natured absurdist humor. (106 min.) trian couple and a Turkish family of immi- created a feature-length biog- grant workers are mixed up and sent home raphy of one of Austria’s most with the wrong parents. By the time the mis- fascinating rulers, as well as take comes to light, the Turkish family— one of the world’s greatest including the baby—has been deported, so travel writers. The result com- the despairing Austrians must travel to a vil- ments on the royal figure with lage in Turkey to get their child back. A a distinctly modern voice and darkly comic satire by Viennese psychiatrist/ visuals. (82 min.) Sat., April filmmaker Houchang Allahyari. (114 min.) 21, 3:00 P.M., Heights. Wed., April 18, 7:00 P.M., Heights Theatre. Other Central European I Am My Own Boss, 2000. In 1983 the films include: film Mama Lustig . . .? introduced Christian Comrades, USA/Macedo- Polster, a 16-year-old boy who was born nia, 2000. In 1981, director with Down’s Syndrome. Nine years later, Mitko Panov was part of Muss Denken documented Christian’s suc- a naïve group of teenagers cesses socially and professionally, depicting in Yugoslavia’s “Army of him as a well-rounded young man who was Peace.” Comrades follows holding down a job, living independently, Panov, now living in Austin, and spending his free time enjoying music Texas, on a return to Bosnia and dance with his many friends. I Am My in search of his former companions. (106 Monday, April 9, 7:00 P.M., Heights Theatre; min.) Sunday, April 15, 3:00 P.M., Heights. Sat., April 14, 7:15 P.M., Galtier Plaza Cin- Croatia 2000: A Winter to Remember, ema; Mon., April 16, 9:15 P.M., Oak Street. Croatia 2001. This cinema verité master- A Winter in the Back of Beyond, Hungary, piece documents a tumultuous three months 1999. In a tiny Hungarian mountain village, of last year’s Croatian presidential elec- movies are the only form of entertainment. tion. (102 min.) Sun., April 15, 5:00 P.M., One day the man who brings the films has Heights; director present. a traffic accident, leaving the village with- The Debt, Poland, 2000. Stefan and Adam out films for the first time in ages. As winter are young Polish entrepreneurs peddling sets in, a pair of teenagers finds a stash of Italian motor scooters who turn to Gerard, old film reels in the basement of the tavern a shady businessman, for backing. When and sets about cutting and splicing, using the scooter business turns out to be a bust, the same films to tell an entrancingly dif- Above: I Am My Own Boss. Upper right: Gerard’s loansharking becomes increasingly ferent story each week. (110 min.) Wed., Born in Absurdistan. Middle right: A Winter ruthless. Sun., April 8, 3:30 P.M., Oak Street April 11, 7:30 P.M., Oak Street; Sat., April in the Back of Beyond. Cinema; Wed., April 11, 9:00 P.M., Heights. continued on page 17 11 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Publications: News and Reviews Nationalism and the Crowd in Liberal Hungary, 1848-1914

by Alice Freifeld. clear, both the Crown and the Hungarian opposition employed stat- Washington, D. C.: Woodrow ues, celebrations, and symbols in an attempt to “seize, refashion Wilson Center Press, 2000. and use” crowd politics (119). While Vienna staged elaborate royal Distributed by Johns Hopkins tours in 1852 and again in 1857, the opposition took its campaign University Press. 398 pages, into the theater (where whistling students disrupted celebrations of illustrations. Cloth, $45. the king’s birthday), into cemeteries (for János Garay’s and Mihály Vörösmarty’s funerals), and onto the dance floor (though banned, The 20,000 people who poured Hungarian national costumes were all the rage by 1860). The picture into the streets of Pest on March that emerges is one of a neoabsolutist regime bent on highlighting 15, 1848 fortified their leaders, its accomplishments and of a Hungarian opposition whose passive cowed the authorities, and helped resistance had a very active side. ensure the swift triumph of the The book also offers a useful revision of the liberal era that fol- revolution in Hungary. The people lowed. Hungarian liberalism has a somewhat dismal reputation: the would return to the streets in the Liberal Party, which governed Hungary uninterruptedly from 1875 following months, though never to 1905, oppressed the national minorities, fixed elections, wrangled again with such unity or success. endlessly with Vienna, and cracked down on socialism. Yet Freifeld Alice Freifeld Indeed, the crowd would reveal its usefully reminds us not to allow liberal Hungary “to be swallowed dark side as well: in April there was an anti-Jewish pogrom and in up in a historiography of disappointment.” (22) Liberalism in Hun- late September, with war looming, a mob brutally murdered Gen- gary, more so than in Austria and Germany, would remain vibrant eral Ferenc Lamberg, who had just been appointed commander-in- and creative and maintain a lasting hold on the political imagination. chief of the armed forces in Hungary. In examining the meaning and For Freifeld, evidence of this can be seen in the popular National legacy of these diverse crowd activities, Alice Freifeld does much Universal Exhibition of 1885 and the grandiose Millenium Exhibi- more than establish the street as an important arena of political and tion of 1896. When necessary, the liberals also could fill the streets. patriotic activity: she also suggests a significant reinterpretation of In 1894, for example, at the height of the government’s campaign key chapters of nineteenth-century Hungarian history. against the Catholic Church, the Catholics brought 20,000 of their Freifeld’s basic thesis is that the 1848 crowd experience would supporters to a demonstration in Budapest. The Liberals hurriedly decisively shape Hungarian political culture through the end of the organized a counterdemonstration, which drew as many as 100,000 monarchy. The memory (or, more accurately, the myth) of 1848 people, a clear indication that Hungarian liberalism would not suc- mobilized and inspired crowds, but it also served as a warning cumb to political Catholicism. There were, of course, many other against repeating the excesses of the revolution. The “chastened forms of crowd activity during this period: anti-Semitic crowds crowd,” as Freifeld terms these self-limiting displays of “people rioted for five nights in 1883 and, as is well known, Socialists power,” would repeatedly fill Budapest’s streets, public squares, and would gain a visible, if not dominant, position in the streets in the cemeteries through the turn of the century. The chastened crowd, we early twentieth century. Yet the patriotic crowd would have the last learn, was only one face of collective action: Freifeld also writes word, and in Budapest, as in most other European capitals, massive of violent, passive, consensus, and modernist crowds. If this defini- crowds would gather in 1914 not to protest but to cheer the arrival tion of crowd politics at first seems too capacious—what do agri- of war. cultural exhibitions and anti-Semitic riots have in common?—it This book is part of a growing literature on what has been called soon becomes clear that Freifeld is wisely breaking with a histo- the “practices of nationalism.” In such works, the emphasis often riography that has long privileged one type of collective action shifts away from national and political ideologies and instead con- (e.g., bread riots, strikes, and prowar demonstrations) while ignor- centrates on routine contexts and behaviors (e.g., language, sym- ing other forms of crowd activity. As a result, Freifeld describes not bols, festivals, and rituals). As Freifeld repeatedly demonstrates, late just patriotic celebrations but also religious processions, rent strikes, nineteenth-century Hungary witnessed unprecedented mass mobi- and the 250,000 people who gathered in 1909 to cheer a French lization around patriotic events, and these crowd activities in turn pilot. allowed ordinary men and women to participate in, and make sense The narrative begins in the 1840s, and Freifeld’s account of the of, the political culture of liberal Hungary. In short, Freifeld makes 1848 Revolution (“Crowds Shaking Nations”) is an inspired one. a convincing case for viewing the “chastened crowd” as an impor- Perhaps the most original chapters, however, are those that focus tant political actor in late nineteenth-century Hungary. The case is on the 1850s. This era is often a blank spot in Hungarian historiog- greatly strengthened, it should be added, by her lively prose and raphy: if anything, it summons up images of the hated, beerglass- sharp eye for detail. The result is an important and highly readable clinking “Bach Hussars,” who would meet their match in the brood- contribution to Hungarian and Habsburg history. ing Ferenc Deák and his policy of “passive resistance.” The putative Robert Nemes dichotomy between Austrian “absolutism” and Hungarian “passiv- Department of History ity,” of course, does not tell the full story, and as Freifeld makes Colgate University

12 WINTER 2001 Journal 1935-1944: The Fascist Years

by Mihail Sebastian. Translated into English by Patrick Camiller, with an introduction and notes by Radu Ioanid. Ivan R. Dee: Chicago, 2000. 641 pages. Cloth, $36.

The publication in 1996 of the diaries written by the Romanian- Mihail Sebastian Jewish novelist and playwright Mihail Sebastian has constituted an editorial event in Romania’s postcommunist cultural milieu. This day by day testimony to the persecution of the Jews in fascist Roma- forming community. Moreover, the Holocaust was for him an ethi- nia and of the massive enrollment of its cultural elite under the sign cal experience because many of these radicalized intellectuals were of the swastika has produced—fifty years later—shock, bewilder- his friends (Nae Ionescu, Mircea Eliade, Camil Petrescu, Haig Acte- ment, declarations of shame, incriminations, apologetics, rational- rian, Marietta Sadova, Constantin Noica). The words that created izations, and, of course, repudiations. The diaries have triggered a the ideological context of the pogrom were not read by Sebastian stormy press debate, which, without reaching any firm conclusion in a magazine or heard on the radio. The words that were the basis (as is usual), has at least clearly outlined the fact that Romania, like of the next day’s unspeakable deeds were uttered by persons with almost all Central European countries, has to start rethinking its fas- whom he dined, took walks, or spent his holidays—honorable citi- cist and anti-Semitic past outside the framework of political propa- zens whom he encountered at work, in Bucharest’s high life, or in ganda in a scholarly context. This necessity became more obvious literary circles. in November 2000, when a populist neofascist party (whose leader For the 1996 Romanian reader, the hidden passion of Sebastian’s identifies himself with Romania’s extreme right dictator of the early confidants, along with that of several other “characters” of this book 1940s, Ion Antonescu) won 30% of the votes and currently repre- (Emil Cioran, Mircea Vulcanescu, Nicolae Iorga, Ion Barbu, Victor sents the main power in Romania’s Parliament. Eftimiu, Petre Tutea), also had a bewildering effect; these intellec- Interwar Romania (Greater Romania) is a political and cultural tuals were part of what had been promoted as the “Golden Gen- milieu characterized by odd contrasts and shocking paradoxes. It eration” of interwar Romania. Moreover, some of them were cele- was as democratic and as stable as all its neighboring countries that brated—especially in the post-Ceauescu era—as opponents or vic- came to being in 1918—that is, not very much. Interwar Romania tims of the communist regime; some had to endure exile (Eliade, was a national state with 30% of the population comprised of ethnic Cioran—though it was a desired one), while others were imprisoned minorities. It considered itself democratic but offered civil rights to (Noica, Vulcanescu,Tutea). On the other hand, some were integrated its Jews only in 1923. Its Liberal Party supported economic central- in the communist hall of fame, were studied in schools and consid- ization, while its Peasant Party called itself progressive. It organized ered national symbols (Petrescu, Iorga, Barbu, Sadova). free and democratic elections, but governments fell and had to be Along with Paul Goma’s autobiographical literature (the main fig- renegotiated every three months. All its provinces had different cul- ure of Romanian anticommunist cultural opposition, whose books tural traditions, but the culture they produced was “pure Romanian.” have stirred the same cultural annoyance), Sebastian’s diaries repre- Its royal family was German, but the model avowed was the French sent a kind of odd avant-garde battering ram reopening the doors Republic. Bucharest, “Little Paris,” was a progressive and emanci- to a past that has been buried in too much haste. Although some pated metropolis, but its wealth came mainly from a feudal agricul- research has been done in rethinking and re-evaluating Romania’s ture. It had produced a highly sophisticated cultural life, while 75% past—both the communist and the fascist one—there is plenty of of its population was practically illiterate. need for much more complex and extended work in this area. In Sebastian’s Journal traces into detail of every day life these para- addition, Sebastian’s Journal has to be also subject of another type doxes and odd cohabitations and the cultural and political extrem- of research: the literary one. The effect of this piece of writing ism they have generated. The ultimate paradox for Sebastian is would surely have been not as strong if its reflecting ego had not the “betrayal” of the intellectual. The educated elite, the featured been such a fascinating conscience and his writing such an exquisite superstars of an elaborate cultural milieu, turned their faces from literary achievement. reason and love and grew into supporters and active participants in a movement of terror and killing—Romania’s anti-Semitic, Chris- Constantin Parvelescu tian Orthodox variant of nazism, Miscarea Legionara (The Legion- Department of German, ary Movement), or Garda de Fier (The Iron Guard). He witnessed Scandinavian, and Dutch this process from an immediate distance; he was part of this trans- University of Minnesota

13 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER HOT OFF THE PRESSES

Rupert Pichler. L’economia lombarda e l’Austria. Politica com- Peter Thaler. The Ambivalence of Identity: The Austrian Experi- merciale e sviluppo industriale 1815-1859. Milan: Franco Angeli, ence of nation-Building in a Modern Society. West Lafayette IN: 2001 (Storia della società, dell’ economia e delle istituzioni, vol. Purdue, 2001. 227 pp., tables. Cloth, $42.95. 7). 324 pp., Paper, EUR 19.63. Antje Senarclens de Gracy. “Moderner Stil” und “Heimisches Ulrike Tischler. Die habsburgische Politik gegenüber Serben und Bauen”. Architekturreform in Graz um 1900. Vienna: Böhlau, Montenegrinern, 1791-1822. Munich: Oldenbourg, 2001. 453 pp. 2001. 480 pp., illus. Paper, DM 140, ATS 190. Cloth, DM 998. Nora Berend. At the Gate of Christendom: Jews, Muslims, and Adam Biro. Two Jews on a Train: Stories from the Old Country Pagans in Medieval Hungary, c. 1000-c.1300. New York: Cam- and the New. Transalted by Catherine Tihanyi. Chicago: Univ. bridge, 2001. 353 pp., maps. Cloth, $64.95. Chicago, 2001. 144 pp. Cloth, $17. Alan Ebenstein. Friederich Hayek: A Biography. New York: Pal- Ágnes Tóth. Migrationen in Ungarn 1945-1948. Vertreibung der grave, 2001. 320 pp., illus. Cloth, $29.95. Ungarndeutschen, Binnenwanderungen und slowakisch-unga- rischer Bevölkerungsaustausch. Munich: Oldenbourg, 2001. 270 Elliot Antokoletz, Victoria Fischer, and Benjamin Suchoff, eds. pp. Cloth, DM 48. Bartók Perspectives: Man, Composer, and Ethnomusicologist. New York: Oxford. 336 pp., figures, musical examples. Cloth, Wilma Iggers. Frauenleben in Prag. Ethnische Vielfalt und kul- $65. tureller Wandel seit dem 18. Jahrhundert. Vienna: Böhlau, 2000. 432 pp., maps, illus. Cloth, DM 69,80; ATS 498; EUR 36.19. Max Haller, ed., The Making of the European Union: Contribu- tions of the Social Sciences. New York: Springer, 2000. 394 pp., Ernst Bruckmüller and Verena Winiwarter, eds. Umweltge- tables. Cloth, DM 139. schichte. Zum historischen Verhaltnis von Gesellschaft und Natur. Vienna: Institut für Österreichkunde, 2000. 192 pp. ATS 278. Severin Schroeder, ed. Wittgenstein and Contemporary Philoso- phy of Mind. New York: Palgrave, 2001. 224 pp. Cloth, $59.95. Andreas Moritsch. Der Prager Sklavenkongreß 1848. Vienna: Böhlau, 2000. 192 pp. Paper, DM 99; ATS 698; EUR 50.73. Viorel Panaite. The Ottoman Law of War and Peace. Boulder CO: East European Monographs. 240 pp. Cloth, $40. Dist. Columbia Laurence Cole. Für Gott, Kaiser und Vaterland. Nationale Iden- Univ. Press. tität der deutschsprachigen Bevölkerung Tirols 1860-1914. Frank- furt: Campus, 2000. 553 pp. Cloth, DM 98; ATS 715. Karel Tiege. Modern Architecture in Czechoslovakia and Other Writings. Translated by Irena Murray and David Britt. New York: Konrad Clewing. Staatlichkeit und nationale Identitätsbildung. Oxford, 2001. 384 pp., illus. Paper, $65. Dalmatien in Vormärz und Revolution. Munich: Oldenbourg, 2001. 400 pp. Cloth, DM 98. Christian Dickinger. Der Bundespräsident im politischen System Österreichs. Innsbruck: Studien, 2000. 224 pp. DM 40,80; ATS Gabriele Volsansky. Pakt auf Zeit. Das Deutsch-Österreichische 298. Juli-Abkommen 1936. Vienna: Böhlau, 2001. 309 pp., illus., tables. Paper, DM 98; ATS 686; EUR 49.85. Miklós Molnár. A Concise History of Hungary. New York: Cam- bridge, 2001. 375 pp., halftones, maps. Cloth, $54.95, paper, Christine Engel, Renate Reck (Hg.): Frauen in der Kultur. Ten- $18.95. denzen in Mittel- und Osteuropa nach der Wende. Innsbruck: Inst. für Sprachwissenschaft, 2000 (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kultur- Stanko Andrić. The Miracles of St. John Capistran. Budapest: wissenschaft: Slavica Aenipontana, Bd. 9), 256 pp., DM 80, ATS CEU Press, 2001. 454 pp., illus., tables. Cloth, $49.95. 560. Jane Pavitt. Prague: The Buildings of Europe. Manchester UK: T. D. Kramer. From Emancipation to Catastrophe: The Rise and Manchester Univ., 2001. 240 pp., illus. Cloth, $69.95, paper, Holocaust of Hungarian Jewry. Boston: Univ. Press of America, $24.95. Dist. Palgrave. 2000. 416 pp., maps, figs. Cloth, $69. Roger D. Petersen. Resistance and Rebellion: Lessons from East- Eric L. Santner. On the Psychotheology of Everyday Life: Reflec- ern Europe. New York: Cambridge, 2001. 328 pp., diagrams, tions on Freud and Rosenzweig. Chicago: Univ. Chicago, 2001. tables. Cloth, $59.95. 168 pp. Cloth, $40; paper, $16. Žarko Muljačić. Das Dalmatische. Studien zur einer untergegan- Ulrike Ottawa. Österreichische Popmusik und Ö3. Ein gestörtes genen Sprache. Vienna: Böhlau, 2000. 440 pp. Paper, DM 78, Verhältnis? Vienna: Institut für Musikologie, Universität für ATS 569. Musik und Darstellende Kunst, 2000. DM 15, ATS 110.

14 WINTER 2001 Working Papers in Austrian Studies The Center for Austrian Studies serves scholars who study the politics, society, economy, and culture of modern Austria and of Habsburg Central Europe. It encourages comparative studies involving Austria or the Habsburg lands and other European states, stimu- lates discussion in the field, and provides a vehicle for circulating work in progress. It is open to all papers prior to final publication but gives priority to papers by affiliates of the Center and scholars who have given seminars or attended conferences at the Center. If you would like to have a paper considered for inclusion in the series, please contact Gerhard H. Weiss or Daniel Pinkerton at the Center for Austrian Studies.

95-1. Edward Larkey, Das Österreichische im Angebot der heimischen Kulturindustrie 95-2. Franz X. Eder, Sexualized Subjects: Medical Discourses on Sexuality in German-Speaking Countries in the Late Eighteenth and the Nineteenth Centuries 95-3. Christian Fleck, The Restoration of Austrian Universities after World War II 95-4. Alois Kernbauer, The Scientific Community of Chemists and Physicists in the Nineteenth-Century Habsburg Monarchy 95-5. Stella Hryniuk, To Pray Again as a Catholic: The Renewal of Catholicism in Western Ukraine 95-6. Josef Berghold, Awakening Affinities between Past Enemies: Reciprocal Perceptions of Italians and Austrians 96-1. Katherine Arens, Central Europe and the Nationalist Paradigm 96-2. Thomas N. Burg, Forensic Medicine in the Nineteenth-Century Habsburg Monarchy 96-3. Charles Ingrao, Ten Untaught Lessons about Central Europe: An Historical Perspective 97-1. Siegfried Beer, Target Central Europe: American Intelligence Efforts Regarding Nazi and Early Postwar Austria, 1941-1947 98-1. Dina Iordanova, Balkan Wedding Revisited: Multiple Messages of Filmed Nuptuals 98-2. Christopher Long, The Other Modern Dwelling: Josef Frank and Haus & Garten 99-1. Peter Thaler, “Germans” and “Austrians” in World War II: Military History and National Identity 99-2. Adi Wimmer, The “Lesser Traumatized”: Exile Narratives of Austrian Jews 00-1. Lonnie Johnson, On the Inside Looking Out: The ÖVP-FPÖ Government, Jörg Haider, and Europe 00-2. Alan Levy, An American Jew in Vienna 00-3. Arnold Suppan, Austria: A Short European History (forthcoming) 00-4. Erika Weinzierl, The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the 19th Century (forthcoming)

Working Papers 92-1 through 94-4 are still available. See previous issues of the ASN, the CAS website, or contact the Center for authors and titles. The price per paper is $3.00 ($4.00 for foreign addresses). To order, send your name, address, and paper numbers requested along with payment to Center for Austrian Studies, Attention: Working Papers (address on page 2). Checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank in U.S. dollars and should be made out to “Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota.” We also accept MasterCard, VISA, and Discover cards. To pay by credit card, indicate the card used and include your card number, expiration date, and signature on the order. Most Working Papers are also available on our website and may be downloaded for free. The URL is http://www.cas.umn.edu

McCormick from page 9 directors. And that is another reason why I am interested in this the middle of. It’s about German language feminist cinema, which question. Is it true that every time we use a shadow expressively, will certainly include Valie Export. But I would like in my next that is expressionism? Of course not. The word has been used project to address the issue of exactly how to talk and write about conveniently but sloppily in most of film history, because expres- the films that were made by Austrian and German exiles in Holly- sionism became a catchall term for anything coming from Central wood. I don’t know if I would limit it to just film noir. It interests Europe and anything that wasn’t realism. At one point, style was me because of the connection between film noir and aesthetic issues categorized as either realism or expressionism. Another term for in the films of Weimar Republic, many of which where made by the latter was “formalism,” which is a term that makes more sense Austrians. An amazing number of the important filmmakers were to me. You could also call “modernism” a category, with expres- Austrians. sionism as merely one modernist style that can be contrasted with realism. The Hollywood directors most famous for developing the ASN: Berlin, rather than Vienna, was the place to go if you were Hollywood realist style tried to bury all traces of formalism—they ambitious. didn’t want the audience to be aware of the choices they were mak- RMc: That was it. Lang, for example, never made films in Austria ing. They were creating films for a mass audience, not art films. (he studied architecture and was involved in theatre). Pabst actually They thought that formalism would limit accessibility. did direct a feature film in Austria before he left for Berlin. But that was definitely where everyone went. Kertesz (Curtiz) went from ASN: Yes, but here’s where content matters in film; a diplomatic use Hungary to Vienna, which makes perfect sense—that was direction of expressionism seems to be appropriate for commercial melodra- Hungarians went for centuries—and then he went on to Berlin and mas and crime stories —but not, of course, for lighter material. fairly quickly to Hollywood. In my book, I deal with expression- RMc: This is where it’s really fascinating. When you try to grasp ism and New Objectivity. These are the stylistic continuities of the firmly what any of these concepts—New Objectivity, expression- famous German films from the Weimar era, and I want to examine ism—mean, they quickly turn to dust. A lot of high art expression what kind of legacy they have in the Hollywood work of the same continued on page 21 15 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER News from the Field Fulbright grant competition 2002-2003 by Lonnie Johnson

The Fulbright Program, the United States’ flagship academic exchange program, was established by federal legislation in 1946. Con- ceived by and named after Senator J. William Fulbright (D-Arkansas, 1905-95), the Fulbright Program has provided more than 230,000 par- ticipants—88,000 from the United States and 146,000 from other countries—with opportuni- ties to study, teach, and pursue research abroad. The purpose of the Fulbright program is to “increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the peoples of other countries...” Currently, the program operates in 140 coun- tries, including 51 countries with binational Fulbright Commissions, such as Austria, which is celebrating the 50th anniversary of Fulbright exchanges between Austria and the U.S. this year. Over 3,100 Austrians and almost 1,900 U.S. citizens have participated in this program since its inception. October, 1952: American Fulbright students tour the Stephensdom. (USIS photo courtesy Lonnie Johnson) Funded by the U.S. Government (Bureau for Educational and Culture Affairs in the Department of State) and eign language teaching assistant with studying part-time at an Aus- the Republic of Austria, the Austrian-American Educational Com- trian university. Most recent graduates fall into this combined grant mission, better known as the Austrian Fulbright Commission, coop- category. In addition to monthly maintenance payments, all grantees erates with two organizations to administer the U.S. end of the receive a travel grant, health and accident insurance coverage, and a program. Student grant competitions are handled by the Institute tuition remission at the Austrian university of their choice. of International Education (IIE) in New York and applications by The Fulbright Scholar Program is designed to give U.S. faculty scholars and professionals are managed by the Council for Inter- and professionals opportunities to teach or pursue research abroad. national Exchange of Scholars (CIES) in Washington, D.C. The Potential applicants for Austria should consult the CIES website Fulbright Program is based on annual, national, open, and merit- (www.iie.org/cies); contact Dr. Richard Pettit, an experienced pro- based competition. Binational committees in Vienna are ultimately gram officer responsible for handling applications for Austria; and responsible for nominating grantees, who receive award offers from note the August 1, 2001 application deadline for the 2002-2003 the J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board. academic year. Grants to Austria include “open to any field” awards Students interested in applying for a grant to Austria should con- for lecturing or research and jointly sponsored awards that demand tact the Fulbright Program representative on their home campus corresponding fields of expertise. Among these awards are a guest (usually a faculty or staff member who serves as an advisor) and professorship at the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna (international consult the IIE website (at www.iie.org). The application process relations), a research position at the Internationales Forschungszen- usually begins on campus with an interview. A fair amount of trum Kulturwissenschaften (cultural studies), a combined research advance planning is necessary. Applications for the 2002-3 aca- and lecturing position co-sponsored with the Sigmund Freud Soci- demic year will be due toward the end of October 2001, although ety (history, theory, and practice of psychoanalysis), and an Austro- your institution may have a somewhat earlier Fulbright deadline. Hungarian grant jointly sponsored by the Austrian and the Hungar- Fulbright student grants to Austria fall into two distinct catego- ian Fulbright Commissions for research on topics pertaining to the ries. “Full” grants are designed for students, whose projects demand common histories and interests of both countries. full-time research or study—usually graduate students, Ph.D. candi- Visit the Austrian Fulbright Commission website: www.oead.ac.at/ dates, and music students but also recent graduates with convinc- Fulbright/. ing research proposals. There also are “combined grants” that entail Lonnie Johnson is the executive secretary of the Austrian-Ameri- combining part-time work at an Austrian secondary school as a for- can Educational Commission. v 16 WINTER 2001 FilmFest from page 11 moving story of Tomasz, a unit physician on the set of a movie, who 21, 5:15 P.M., Galtier Plaza; Sun., April 22, 7:15 P.M., Bell. discovers he is terminally ill. When medical tests confirm his fears, Fighter, USA/Czech Republic, 2000. Amir Bar-Lev’s debut fea- he must explore the values that had guided his life and the lives of ture follows a pair of Czech-American septuagenarian Holocaust patients to whom he ministered, in hopes of finding some kind of survivors, Jan Wiener and Arnost Lustig. These two stubborn, personal enlightenment in the face of death. (99 min.) Fri., April 20, vibrant souls demonstrate how friendship can help ease the pain of 7:00 P.M., Heights, director present. history’s greatest horrors. (88 min.) Sat., April 14, 5:15 P.M., Bell; Loners, Czech Republic, 2000. In the new Prague of the post- Tue., April 23, 7:15 P.M., Bell. Velvet Revolution, neither long nor short term relationships seem to Life is a Fatal Sexually Transmitted Disease, Poland, 2000. The continued on page 24 SAHH NEWS

The Society for Austrian and Habsburg History sponsored two showed, in his provocative presentation on historical imagination stimulating, well-attended sessions at the annual meeting of the and poetics in narratives of Prague’s urban history, how the over- American Historical Association in Boston in January 2001. powering influence of nationalist political narratives regarding At the roundtable “Jörg Haider, the Freedom Party, and the His- the Habsburg monarchy, its lands, and peoples have shaped the torical Traditions of the Austrian Right,” Pieter Judson, Swarth- image of Prague’s history among Czechs and Bohemian Germans more College and Bruce Pauley, University of Central Florida, and continue to do so even now among tourists and consumers of spoke on the varied historical roots of the Freedom Party in earlier popular books on the city and region. German liberal and German national formations in Austria while emphasizing the considerable evolution of Austria’s third party The executive committee of the Society for Austrian and over the last fifty years. Max Riedlsperger, California Polytech- Habsburg History met during the Boston meeting of the Ameri- nic University, San Luis Obispo, and Lonnie R. Johnson, Austrian can Historical Association to elect a new member and discuss Fulbright Commission, continued the theme of the ongoing evo- several issues regarding the various Austrian studies centers in lution of the Freedom Party, its platform, and constituencies. They North America and panels at future meetings of the AHA, the Ger- pointed to the various social elements and generations that have man Studies Association, and the American Association for the been represented among its voters and that make it difficult to Advancement of Slavic Studies. To succeed James Niessen, Texas categorize the party in any simple terms. They argued that Jörg Tech University, the members of the committee elected Howard Haider’s own political stance also cannot be easily pigeonholed. Louthan, Department of History, University of Notre Dame, for a He has demonstrated certain strong consistencies in political style five-year term ending in January 2006. The executive committee and discourse together with opportunistic shifts in the choice of now includes Franz Szabo, University of Alberta, Jan. 1997-Jan. major issues and his stances on them. Members of the audience, 2002; Gary B. Cohen, University of Oklahoma, Jan. 1998-Jan. which included North American senior scholars and graduate stu- 2003 (executive secretary through autumn 2001); Pieter Judson, dents as well as several Austrian scholars, debated vigorously Swarthmore College, Jan. 1999-Jan. 2004; Lois Dubin, Smith the perspectives of the panelists. Several participants in the dis- College, Jan. 2000-Jan. 2005; and Howard Louthan. Ex officio cussion lamented the rhetoric of Haider and the Freedom Party members: Gerhard Weiss, interim director, Center for Austrian on immigration, foreign workers, and other issues as dangerous Studies, University of Minnesota; and Franz Szabo, director, extremism, even if little of it qualifies as neo-fascist as some crit- Canadian Centre for Austrian and Central European Studies, Uni- ics would see it. versity of Alberta. In the panel “Popular Loyalties, National Identities, and Histo- There was some discussion of the tradition of having panels rians’ Narratives of the Fate of the Habsburg Monarchy,” the pre- on Austrian topics at the annual conferences of the German Stud- senters depicted how the mentalities and rhetoric of the national ies Association, since some Austrian scholars have questioned political conflicts during the late nineteenth and early twentieth whether the study of Austria can be subsumed under the rubric of centuries have strongly influenced historians’ narratives on popu- German studies. Members of the executive committee argued that lar political experience, the seemingly inevitable demise of loyal- the SAHH should continue to encourage the submission of panels ties to the multinational monarchy, and the historical images of on Austrian topics for GSA meetings, since German studies in various communities and eras. Jeremy King, Mt. Holyoke Col- North America have traditionally not been bound by any politi- lege, criticized conventional historical accounts of society and cal notions of Germany’s national borders. During the January politics in the monarchy during the late nineteenth century for 2001 meeting, the executive committee also received reports on taking essentialist ethnic views of national identities and loyal- the operations of the Austrian History Yearbook and the activities ties and ignoring evidence for the processes of popular construc- of the Center for Austrian Studies at the University of Minnesota tion and negotiation of those loyalties. In her paper on the identi- and the Canadian Centre for Austrian Studies at the University ties of German-speaking Jews in the Austrian and Bohemia lands of Alberta. The executive committee also discussed the desirabil- between 1900 and 1918 Marsha Rozenblit, University of Mary- ity of making the Austrian History Yearbook available in an elec- land, argued that Jews tended, in fact, to construct tripartite loyal- tronic format in the future and developing a relationship between ties: a civic loyalty to the Habsburg state and emperor; a modern CenterAustria at the University of New Orleans and the SAHH. secular cultural affiliation with one or another of the nationality After the conclusion of the executive committee meeting, the group; and an ethnic identification with a separate Jewish people, Minnesota Center for Austrian Studies sponsored a well-attended defined as a religiously and culturally distinct descent group. The reception for members of SAHH. German-speaking Jews faced particular dilemmas at the end of Gary B. Cohen World War I, when those tripartite loyalties became untenable. Executive Secretary, SAHH Karl Bahm, University of Southern Mississsippi, Hattiesburg, gcohen @ou.edu

17 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER STREETWISE GUIDE TO THE ARCHIVES The Municipal and District Archive of ROMANIA

Timişoara ∑ Sibiu Sibiu, Romania Bucureşti

The Archiv der Sächsischen Nation und der Staat Hermannstadt, today the Sibiu Branch of the National Archives of Romania, is Russia, and Hungary. It was compiled by the controversial right- arguably one of the richest unexplored frontiers of East Central wing archivist Richard Csaky, who left Sibiu in 1931 for Stuttgart European history. German, Romanian and to a lesser extent Hungar- and there continued his activities through the Ausland Institut. ian historians have made inroads, but the vast majority of primary To do research in the Sibiu Archive, fax for permission from sources remain untouched. It is an ideal place for graduate students Archive Nationale ale Romaniei, Directia Generala, B-dul regina working on their dissertation in Habsburg and Transylvanian history Elisabetha 49, Ro-70602, Bucureti, Sector 5, Romania. Fax: 40 and scholars interested in tackling fresh material. (Romania) 1 (Bucharest) 312-5841. In the letter state the general The town of Sibiu was historically one of the largest towns of topic of research interest, making it as broad as possible and allow Central Europe and into the late seventeenth century was compa- 3 to 4 weeks for a response. The name of the current director of rable in size to Vienna and Wrocław (Breslau-Silesia). It was a the Sibiu Archive is Dr. Palihovici. You can contact the archive at Lutheran town with a university-educated elite of notaries, Stadt- 40 (Romania) 69 (Sibiu) 44-13-56. In the archive make the acquain- pfarrers, senators, and judges, as well as the capital of the Säch- tance of Dr. Monica Vlaicu, former director and most informed per- sische Universität, or the political organization of the German Saxon son about the font index books and the holdings in general. The towns of Transylvania. In the amount of material available on the archive is open officially only three days a week, but they stay everyday life of Sibiu from the fourteenth to the inter-war period, I open every day of the working week between 9 and 1 for foreign have seen nothing like it in the former Hungarian Kingdom, and as a researchers. district archive it is comparable in size to the Eger Chapter Archive Before leaving for Sibiu, try to make contact with Dr. Harald Roth, (Hungary) and the Cluj Branch of the Romanian National Archives the director of the Siebenbürgen Institut in Germany at institut@sb- of Romania (Romania). Strong knowledge of German is required gun1.bib-bw.de. The institute has the best collection of secondary to carry out bulk of the research into guild, municipal administra- literature relating to the history, culture, and language of the Ger- tion, tax, correspondences, diaries, and church records, and basic mans living in Transylvania. In Sibiu get in touch with with Dr. Paul knowledge of Latin or Romanian is needed to maneuver through Phillipi, the current president of the German Democratic Forum, font indexes (kept in Romanian). which is the political organization of the Germans in Romania. He The strength of the Sibiu archive is the sixteenth and seventeenth is an elderly scholar who has looked into many facets of the history centuries. There are few archives in East Central Europe where the of the Saxons. For those interested in Church political history, the everyday life of German burghers living on the frontier of European transportation of Germans to the Soviet Union after World War II, or civilization is so well documented. But the archive also contains a topics related to gender, write Hanne Baier at the Franz Ebert Stif- surprisingly rich amount of interesting primary sources on the mod- tung in Bucharest at [email protected]. ern period, and those researching the impact of the Enlightenment Sibiu is a university town in the southeastern corner of Transyl- in the eighteenth century, the rise of nationalism in the nineteenth, vania, and on the last census on July 1, 1997, it had a population or of fascism in the twentieth will be more than just pleasantly sur- of 169,111. Although it is one of the wealthiest towns in Romania, prised. Germanists are encouraged to examine the Inventar Liga travel to Sibiu is adventurous. It is an eight-hour train ride from Cultura a germinalor din Romänia 1922-1931. This ten-meter long Bucharest and a complicated twelve hours from Budapest. Both collection contains material on the German Diaspora across Europe, ways have their peculiarities, and the remoteness of the city has including Belgium, Lithuania, Estonia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Romania, played no small part in why the archive is underresearched. There 18 WINTER 2001 News from the North CCAuCES research team launches new web journal

Historians of 18th-century Austria will be well aware of the At the same time the Canadian Centre for Austrian and Central acceleration and expansion dynamic of enlightened reform under European Studies launched a series of seminars and workshops Maria Theresia and Joseph II, and the Canadian Centre for Aus- that have been so successful we have decided to go public with the trian and Central European Studies is pleased to report the same results. The team of scholars associated with the research project dynamic is alive and well in 21st century Edmonton. A modest have therefore launched an electronic web journal entitled Spaces conference led to a major research project, and this in turn has of Identity. The journal can be accessed through the CCAuCES now led to the launching of a new web journal. Website or directly through http://www.spacesofidentity.org. In September 1999 the Centre mounted an International Invi- Spaces of Identity is a multidisciplinary, international web jour- tational Conference entitled “Central European Culture Today,” nal dedicated to issues of tradition, cultural boundaries and iden- which aimed at exploring cultural parameters and how the notion tity formation in Central and Eastern Europe. It is a quarterly of “Central European culture” is constructed and represented in peer-reviewed journal, which hopes to make a contribution to the culture(s) of the region today. As a result of the conference’s ongoing debates in cultural studies about the historically and cul- success, the organizers decided to expand the investigation by turally constructed nature of common symbols and histories. New launching an ongoing research project on the same theme. articles appear in the February and August issues, while discus- In response to the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Sci- sions arising out of these articles or concerning recent events and ence and Culture’s “Cultural Studies” Programme, the Centre publications will be posted in the April and October issues. submitted a proposal for a major research project to be headed by Spaces of Identity welcomes essays and scholarly articles from CCAuCES’s own Markus Reisenleitner, and to be entitled “Tradi- all relevant disciplines: history, sociology, and political science, tion, Cultural Boundaries and the Construction of Spaces of Iden- as well as literature, linguistics, ethnology, cultural anthropology, tity: Case Studies for Central Europe.” The proposal was favour- cultural geography, cultural studies, film studies, and gender stud- ably received and generously funded, with the result that a team ies. The aim of the journal is to include rather than to exclude of Austrian and Canadian graduate students could be engaged as various scholarly approaches and points of view. Within such a a core research group. broadly defined framework, it will consider all topics relevant to The project proposed to investigate and interpret the connec- the question of identity formation. Even though Central and East- tions between traditions, cultural boundaries, and the construc- ern Europe are the primary geographic areas of its interest, com- tions of spaces of identity for a cultural space commonly referred parative analyses that point out shared experiences in the process to as “Central Europe” and to analyze the histories and narratives of defining and redefining spaces of identity are also welcome. in which conflicting forms of identification are negotiated. Schol- The first issue, which has been accessible online since the ars from Europe and North America were invited to participate in beginning of February 2001, includes contributions on the use the production of a series of working papers, symposia, seminars, of superstition and the paranormal in current Serbian politics, and workshops starting in fall 2000, and the response has since images of Yugoslavia in international cinema from Cecile B. de been delightfully lively. Mille to Bruce Willis, the struggles over a definition of Slovenian Three symposia were planned in conjunction with the Univer- national identity, and the Ukrainian Galician Revival at the turn of sity of Music and Dramatic Arts of Vienna as a result of the the millennium. project, the first of which, “Cultural Practices and the Formation of Imagined Communities around 1900: A Comparison between Franz A. J. Szabo, Director North America and Central Europe,” was held in Semmering, Canadian Centre for Austrian and Central European Studies Austria, during 1-3 June 2000, while the second, “Reverbera- University of Alberta tions: Representations of Modernity, Tradition and Cultural Value [email protected] in/through Central Europe and North America,” will be held http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/ccauces in Edmonton, Canada, 10-12 May 2001. A third symposium is planned for Innsbruck in May 2002.

are enough cases of thievery, primarily pickpocketing, to warrant Researchers should be wary about photocopy accessibility. The discretion in outer appearance, and it is wise to conceal laptops as archive is very poor, and they can say no. A good strategy is to bring best as possible. The police and military patrol the city all night, and a digital camera and a portable printer because in Sibiu there is no instead of vulnerability one gets the feeling of overprotection, but it restriction on the use of private cameras to make copies. There was is best to arrive in the daylight. a case of a historian who was not allowed to use his digital camera In a few years a thriving tourist industry will certainly develop, while researching in Bucharest, but in Sibiu this is not a problem at with many homey pensions and multiple youth hostels. Currently, the moment. however, lodgings can present discomfort. For inexpensive rooms Balazs Szelenyi at both a short and long term rate, contact the Sibiu Stadtpfarrer Department of History Killian Dörr at [email protected]. Expect to pay 10 marks a University of California at Los Angeles night for a day rate and a lower monthly rate arranged on site or though e-mail.

19 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER SALZBURG 2001 MORTIER’S SWAN SONG

Marina Mescheriakova—should make this epic work a very hot ticket. Janáček’s murderous melodrama Jenufa will be conducted by Sir John Eliot Gardiner, and the headliners will be Karita Mat- tila, Jerry Hadley, and Hildegarde Behrens. Jenufa will be one of two operas presented under the banner “First Festival Performances of Important 20th-Century Operas.” The other will be Shostokovich’s masterpiece Lady Macbeth of Mtsinsk. Acclaimed Russian conductor Valery Gergiev will lead Larissa Shevchenko and an all-Russian cast from the Mariinski Theatre in St. Petersburg. The festival wouldn’t be complete without Mozart—and this year, two of the great Mozart-Da Ponte collaborations will receive new stagings. Christoph Marthaler’s new production of Mozart’s seditious Le nozze di Figaro will be conducted by Sylvain Cam- breling, featuring Lorenzo Regazzo, Christine Oelze, and Chris- tine Schäfer (Ms. Schäfer is currently singing the title role in Lulu at the Met). Hans Neuenfels’s rousing interpretation of Mozart’s Cosí fan tutte will show that a dramma giocoso is not necessarily light comedy. Vesselina Kasarova as Dorabella will be the voice most familiar to audiences. Last but not least, English stage direc- tor Declan Donellan will stage the second Verdi opera, Falstaff, a co-production with the Salzburg Easter Festival. Maazel will con- duct, and the most acclaimed Falstaff of our fin de si cle, Bryn Rough trade: a scene from Der Fall der Götter, an adaptation of è Terfel, will sing the lead. Visconti’s film The Damned. Photo © 2001 by Ben van Duin. As what might be called a “tie-in” to the Shostokovich opera, Shakespeare’s original Macbeth, the last of his great tragedies, will by Daniel Pinkerton be staged (in German) on the Perner Island in Hallein by the Catalan director Calixto Bieito. At the same location, a guest performance of Thereís no doubt about it: the iconoclastic, imaginative Gerard Shakespeare’s comedy Twelfth Night will be presented (also in Ger- Mortier is ending his decade as artistic director of the Salzburg Fes- man) by the Zürich Schauspielhaus. tival with a glorious display of fireworks. For Festspiele 2001, July 21-August 31, every opera is a new production, and there are more plays than most years. The material may seem, in many instances, to embody Central European tradition. But you can be assured that most of the productions would shock the festival’s founders. The old? Well, Richard Strauss’s Ariadne auf Naxos and Johann Strauss’s Die Fledermaus were both performed at the first 1926 Fes- tival. A new production of the former will star sensational American soprano Deborah Polaski (seen last year in Les Troyens) and will be conducted by Christoph von Dohányi. And Marc Minkowski will conduct a new production of the latter in which Elzbieta Szmytka and Mireille Delunsch will alternate as Rosalinde. American tenor Jerry Hadley will also step in as Alfred for two performances. The most spectacular casting, however, is reserved for two operas: Salzburg favorite Don Carlo, by Giuseppe Verdi, and Leoš Janáček’s Jenufa, receiving its first festival staging. Don Carlo is one of two Verdi operas being staged as a way of honoring the centenary of his death. It will be conducted by Lorin Maazel and will feature Neil Shicoff in the title role, Ferruccio Furlanetto as Filippo II, Thomas Hampson as Rodrigo, and Olga Borodina as Eboli. The presence of so many high wattage stars—plus the addition of fast-rising soprano Gerard Mortier. Photo: Christian Jungwirth/Salzburg Fest 20 WINTER 2001 The London theatre group primitive science and writer/director Marc von Henning’s have collaborated on a new play The Invisible College, based on writings by Kafka, Borges, Ovid, Li Pi, and others. It will be presented in English. Zuidelijk Toneel Hollandia will present Der Fall der Götter, their sexy, decadent adaptaion of Luchino Visconti’s film The Damned (in German). Plays in their original German will include The Landestheater première of Christoph Ransmayer’s first dramatic work Die Unsi- chtbare, a coproduction of the Berliner Ensemble and the Burgth- eater Wien. This story of a prompter and her dreams will be directed by Claus Peymann, and feature Kirsten Dene in the leading role. And, of course, no Salzburg festival would be complete without von Hofmannsthal’s Jedermann. The concerts are as numerous and varied as the musical and dra- matic works. In the series “Narrated Music,” the concert platform becomes a stage for three great works: Honegger’s Jeanne d’Arc au bûcher, Bartůk’s Herzog Blaubarts Burg (Bluebeard’s Castle) and Grieg’s Peer Gynt. Alfred Brendel and the Vienna Philharmonic under Simon Rattle celebrate the incomparable pianist’s 70th birth- day with their series “Hommage á Alfred Brendel.” And Thomas Hampson’s series “The Hampson Project” (subtitled “I Hear Amer- ica Singing”) will feature Hampson and other American singers per- forming music by American composers and lyricists. Pierre Boulez and Riccardo Muti will conduct further concerts with the Vienna Philharmonic, and Lorin Maazel, Sir John Eliot Gardiner, Dennis Russell Davies, and Claudio Abbado will wield the baton in the “Guest Orchestra” series. Violinist Gidon Kremer will appear with his chamber orchestra, Kremerata Baltica, and Maurizio Pollini and Daniel Barenboim will perform solo piano recitals. The grand finale of the Festival, on 31 August, will be Gustav Mahler’s magnificent Symphony of a Thousand. With that spectacular sendoff, the Mortier era will end, the critics will all begin assessing his impact on the festival and Europe’s musical life, and we can all begin looking forward to the Ruzicka era—hoping it is even half as lively. v Verdi’s Don Carlo, with Olga Borodina (center, wearing eyepatch) as Princess Eboli. Photo: Sebastian Hoppe/Salzburg Festival.

McCormick from page 15 in German cinema of the Weimar Republic is extremely melodra- industry, the peak of an industry that was huge. Most of what was matic. Expressionism is an artistic movement that lends itself well produced by the German film industry in the 1920s—like Hol- to melodrama because melodrama is about characters who aren’t lywood—consisted of cheaper melodramas, action films oriented especially articulate. Verbal expression of the characters’ feelings or towards a much more generic type of entertainment, towards a gen- sentiments is not primary (especially for silent film); instead, a cer- eral public that wasn’t looking for expression in film or New Objec- tain visual style of acting, and the mis-en-scène, speaking in theatri- tivity or anything except the film version of the penny novels, the cal or cinematic terms, becomes a bearer of meaning. And this is penny dreadfuls. what all the film theorists since the 70s, when they started working on Sirk and melodrama, have said: that melodrama is a visual style ASN: Did the mass audience films survive? Are they studied? that is very expressive. It’s a style of performance, the style of RMc: They are studied to some extent, but for the most part they the sets, the color one uses, all these other things are much more didn’t survive. It’s the prestige productions that tend to be archived expressive and they bear much more meaning than the dialogue and preserved and transferred from the old nitrate stock. Many of of the characters, who tend not to be very articulate in expressing these art films, by the way, were produced by Erich Pommer, the what they’re feeling. And another typical thing about melodrama, Austrian who by the early twenties was working for the UFA studio. whether it’s stage melodrama or film melodrama, the audience He produced The Blue Angel, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Jamaica knows much more, has a much better picture of what is going on Inn, and many, many other films. His career makes one understand than the characters themselves. The characters are lost in the middle how inaccurate the exclusive focus on directors can be. Pommer had of their own petty tragedies, whgich are nonetheless overwhelming the idea of turning The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari into a screenplay and to them. So there is a way in which expressionism and silent film are a movie and he picked Fritz Lang to film it. Lang, however, was too forms in which you’re never going to get much articulate speech, busy making Spiders, which was a more popular type of serial film. except perhaps in the title cards. And when I start talking about the So he hired Robert Wiene, who is not otherwise considered a great film of Weimar Republic, remember: only a small percentage of filmmaker, but the film was brilliant anyway. Sometimes I think the it was expressionism, and only a small percentage of it (although auteur we should be celebrating in Weimar film is Erich Pommer. a larger percentage) was even art film. The most prestigious and He had a unique ability to find artists he trusted and empower them expensive productions were art films, but it was the peak of an to do the work. v 21 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Announcements A-1070 Wien, Austria. Tel.: 011-43-1-5261005; ment in Europe. For further informations con- INTERNATIONAL fax: 011-43-1-5248859; e-mail: [email protected]; tact: Susanne Janschitz, Dept. of Geography, CONFERENCES & SYMPOSIA website: http://ivc.philo.at. University of Graz. E-mail: susanne.janschitz@ kfunigraz.ac.at. Homepage: http://www.uni-graz. Finland. Symposium. Fifth International Con- at/geowww/europesymposium. Canada. International Symposium. “Reverbera- gress of Hungarian Studies, 6-10 August, Jyväs- tions: Representations of Modernity, Tradition kylä, Finland. “Politics and Society in Hungary: Austria. Conference. “Ein Jahrzehnt postkom- and Cultural Value in/through Central Europe Power and Culture.” Official languages of munistischer Historiographie: Die Aufarbeitung and North America,” 10-12 May 2001, Uni- the congress: English and Hungarian. Contact der Vergangenheit in den 90er Jahren,” 27-29 versity of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Contact: the congress at: Jyväskylän yliopisto, Semi- September, Vienna. A conference on postcommu- Markus Reisenleitner, Associate Director, naarinkatu 15, PL 35-A, FIN-40351 Finland. Tel: nistic historiography organized by the Austrian Canadian Centre for Austrian and Central 358-14-2601308; fax: 358- 14-2601328; e-mail: Acadamy of Sciences, the Department for East European Studies, Suite 300 Arts Building, [email protected]; website: http://www.jyu.fi/ European history in Vienna, the Ost- und Südos- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, hungkong. teuropainstitut and UNESCO. Contact: Ursula Canada T6G 2E6; e-mail: [email protected] Schneider, Österreichisches Ost- und Südosteu- or [email protected]. Austria. International Symposium. The Interna- ropa-Institut (OSI), Josefsplatz 6, A-1010 Vienna. tional Salzburg Association holds its 13th inter- Phone 43-1-512-18 95/63; fax: 43-1-512-18/95 United States. International Conference. The disciplinary symposium, “Politische Mythen und 53; e-mail: ursula.schneider @osi.ac.at. Association of Genocide Scholars Fourth Interna- nationale Identitäten im (Musik-) Theater,” 7-11 tional Biennial Conference, “Deterring and Pre- August, Salzburg, Austria. Although the Salz- Czech Republic. Call for papers. International venting Genocide: Missed Opportunities, Con- burg festival will not have such an emphasis Musicological Colloquium, “Socialist Realism temporary Issues and Future Possibilities,” 10-12 on a certain topic as last year, the sessions will be and Music: Antimodernisms and Avant-Gardes,” June, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN. directly connected to the program. The sym- 1-3 October, Institute of Musicology, Masaryk Conference hotel: Radisson Metrodome, Min- posium always takes place in the center of the University, Brno (Czech Republic). This year’s neapolis; Special conference rate: $98.00/night, city. Contact: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Müller, German annual musicological colloquium will examine single or double. Contact: [email protected]. Department, University of Salzburg, Akade- the rather dubious term “socialist realism” in its miestrasse 20, 5020 Salzburg. Phone: 43-662- relationship to music. On this occasion, a rather England. International Conference. “Macedo- 8044-4350; fax: 43-662-8044-612. E-mail: broad scope of topics should be addressed: ori- nia-Macedonias? Changing Contexts in the [email protected]. gins of the socialist realism in the context of art Changing Balkans,” 15-16 June, Centre for and literature, doctrine of the socialist realism in South-East European Studies at the School of Croatia. International Conference. “Militär und aesthetics of music, socialist realism and the left Slavonic and East European Studies, University der militärische Faktor in Staat und Gesellschaft avant-garde, socialist realism and various anti- College London. This conference, which is the Südosteuropas (18.-20. Jhr.),” 12-16 September, modernisms in 20th century music (Third Reich third of the annual conferences organized by Dubrovnik, Croatia. Die offiziellen Sprachen era, Hollywood aesthetics, etc.), musical style the Centre, will attract the widest possible der Konferenz sind Franzoesisch und Deutsch. and socialist realism, etc. Both interdisciplinary participation from academics, policy makers, Die Diskussionen sind den Akademikern und approaches (especially literary criticism, history and the media. Contact: Zhidas Daskalovski, anderen interessierten Spezialisten zugaenglich, of art, and social sciences) and papers in various Vesna Popovski, Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, nach einer Anmeldung bei der wissenschaftli- genres of musicology (history, sociology, aes- Peter Siani-Davies, or Stefan Troebst. E-mail: chen Leitung der Projekts, deren Inschrift hier thetics, semiotics, analysis, etc.) are welcome. [email protected]. Or visit the website of unten steht. Kontakt: Dr. Catherine Horel, Centre Comparative approaches to this topic are espe- the Centre for South-East European Studies at de recherches sur l’Histoire de l’Europe Cen- cially welcome. Submit a 300-word abstract, a http://www.ssees.ac.uk/seecent.htm. trale Contemporaine, Institut Pierre Renouvin, brief c.v., and postal and e-mail addresses. Pre- Universite de Paris 1-Sorbonne, 75231 Paris sentation of a paper should not exceed 30 min- Austria. Conference. “Gedächtnis und Resti- cedex 05, France, e-mail: [email protected]; utes. Languages: English, German, and French. tution: über historische Erinnerung und materi- or Prof. Dr. Drago Roksandic, Leiter des Active participants will be offered accommoda- elle Wiederherstellung in Europa,” 21-23 June, Fachbereichs Geschichte, Universität Zagreb, tion in an international hotel free of charge. See Vienna. Organized by the Internationales For- Ivana Lucica 3, 1000 Zagreb, Kroatien, e-mail: website of the Institute of Musicology, Masaryk schungszentrum Kulturwissenschaften, Vienna [email protected]. University Brno: http://www.phil.muni.cz/music/ and the Simon-Dubnow Institute for Jewish His- under the heading Kolokvium. Send abstracts or tory and Culture, Leipzig. European history is Canada. International Symposium. “Gustav questions to: Institute of Musicology, Masaryk seen very differently by the various members of Klimt,” 14-15 September, University of Alberta, University, Arne Novaka 1, Brno, CZ 660 the European Union. Rememberance of the Edmonton, Canada. On the occasion of the 88 Czech Republic. Phone and fax: +420 5 Holocaust and the question of restitution is major Gustav Klimt exhibition at the National 41121434; e-mail: [email protected]. Dead- a highly discussed topic which will be part Gallery of Canada during June-September 2001 line: 30 May. of this conference. Contact: Inge Korneck, the Canadian Centre for Austrian and Central IFK Vienna, Danhausergasse 1, A-1040 Vienna. European Studies is organizing an international Croatia. Call for Papers. “Historical Research, Phone 43-1-504 11 26; fax: 43-1-504 1132; symposium that will focus on the current state the Study of History, and Computerization,” e-mail: [email protected]. of Klimt scholarship in Europe and North Amer- December 10-11, 2001 Faculty of Philosophy, ica. Contact: Franz A.J. Szabo, Director, Cana- University of Zagreb, Croatia. The Institute of Austria. International Conference. “The Vienna dian Centre for Austrian and Central European Croatian History, University of Zagreb on the Circle and Logical Empiricism: Re-Evaluation Studies, Suite 300 Arts Building, University of occasion of the 30th anniversary of its founda- and Future Perspectives of the Research and His- Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E6; tion organizes an international conference to dis- toriography,” 12-14 July, University Campus of e-mail: [email protected]. cuss relevant computing innovations and to set the University of Vienna. Copresented by Institut a strategy of historical computing development Wiener Kreis/Vienna Circle Institute (IVC) and Austria. International Symposium. “Regional in four basic fields of its practice: the comput- the University of Vienna, Center for Interdis- Policies in Europe—The Information Age: Glo- erization of historical research, the computeriza- ciplinary Research (CIR). The conference lan- bal—Local—Interplay,” 21-23 September, Eisen- tion of historical studies, computer networking guages will be English, French, and German. Reg- erz, Styria, Austria. This symposium, organized in historical research and historical studies, and istration and information: Institut Wiener Kreis/ by the University of Graz, focuses on current advancement of historical education and the cul- Institute Vienna Circle, Museumstraße 5/2/19, issues and future strategies of regional develop- ture of historical thinking through computers. 22 WINTER 2001 We invite all interested historians, professionals online journal will provide a forum for serious in social sciences and humanities, archivists, debate and exchange on one of the phenomena Spotlight museum professionals, etc. to apply. Submit title, that had a decisive impact during the last decades short summary (maximum 500 words), and con- of the 20th century and will continue to be of MANIFESTATIONS OF tact information to [email protected], great importance in the new millennium. The NATIONAL IDENTITY [email protected] (for students), or Zavod za journal will give a voice to established as well IN MODERN EUROPE hrvatsku povijest, Filozofski fakultet, Ivana as younger researchers and analysts from both Lucica 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Deadline: 15 academic and practitioner backgrounds. We will International Conference in June. publish original work of the highest quality in European Studies 18-20 May, Humphrey Center, the field of ethnopolitics with methodological University of Minnesota Austria. Call for papers. Österreichischer Zeitge- approaches covering mainly the disciplines of schichtetag 2001, “Demokratie - Zivilgesellschaft political science and international relations and This three-day international conference - Menschenrechte,” 5-7 Oktober 2001, Univer- taking primarily a contemporary, current affairs organized by the European Studies Con- sität Klagenfurt vom Institut für Geschichte/ perspective. The major focus will be on the anal- sortium will feature sessions starting with Abteilung für Zeitgeschichte gemeinsam mit ysis, management, settlement, and prevention of a keynote speech and then breaking into den Universitäten Ljubljana und Triest verans- ethnic conflicts, on the intersection of identity simultaneous panels of paper presenta- taltet. Wir bitten um Anmeldung vollständiger group formations and politics, on minority tions. Panels. Für die Panels sind 60 Minuten plus and majority nationalisms in the context of Keynote speakers include George Schöp- 30 Minuten Diskussion vorgesehen. Einzelan- democratization, on the growing importance of flin, Jean Monnet Professor of Politics at meldungen werden nach Möglichkeit zu Panels international influences on ethnopolitics, or on University College London and director of zusammengestellt. Die Vorschläge sollen ent- other topics. We invite the submission of origi- the Centre for the Study of Nationalism; halten: Panels-Titel des Panels, Referent/innen nal papers (6,000-8,000 words), research notes Karen Hagerman, Professor of History, mit Themen (je 15 Minuten), Kurzbiographien, (2,000-4,000 words), review essays (3,000-4,000 Zentrum für Interdiziplinäre Frauen- und Schriftenverzeichnis (Auswahl), Abstracts, Chair, words), and book reviews (800-1,000 words). Geschlechterforschung, Technische Uni- Kommentator/in. Einzelbeiträge (15 Minuten)- Please e-mail your papers, including 100-200 versität Berlin and member, Institute for Titel des Beitrags, Kurzbiographie, Schriften- word abstract, as attachments in MS Word format Advanced Studies (School of Historical verzeichnis (Auswahl), Abstract des Referates. to Stefan Wolff, [email protected]. Studies), Princeton University; Henry Hut- Die Beiträge zum Österreichischen Zeitgeschich- tenbach, Professor of History, City College tetag 2001 werden auf der website http:/ Web resource. During February 2000 the mem- of New York, editor-in-chief of the Jour- /www.zeitgeschichtetag2001.at veroeffentlicht. bers of HABSBURG engaged in an extensive nal of Genocide Research and editor of Wir bitten, die Beitraege für die Publikation bis discussion of Jörg Haider in historical perspec- Genocide Forum; and Karen E. Till, Assis- 31. Oktober 2001 computertauglich einzureichen, tive. Because these discussions offer the reader tant Professor of Geography, University damit die redaktionelle Bearbeitung noch im an opportunity to examine the ways historians of Minnesota, and cofounder and director, Rahmen der Projektfinanzierung möglich ist. Bei (and other specialists) examine a contemporary Space and Place Focused research Group, den Anmerkungen ist auf Einheitlichkeit und topic, we have compiled them here for those Humanities Institute, University of Minne- Vollstaendigkeit zu achten. Die Vorschlaege rich- interested in revisiting this debate. It is an sota. ten Sie bitte bis 31 Mai 2001 an: Mag.ra ideal teaching tool for courses on Central Thirty-nine other scholars from Lisa Rettl, Institut für Geschichte/Abteilung Europe. You can examine the site for yourself around the world (including Austria and für Zeitgeschichte, Universitätsstrasse 65-67, at http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~habsweb/syllabi/ Central Europe) will speak. The complete A-9020 Klagenfurt/Celovec, Austria. Tel: +43 Haider/Index.htm. program is posted at http://esc.cla.umn.edu 463 2700 2207; fax: +43 463 2700 2297; (note absence of “www”). You can also reg- e-mail: [email protected]. Deadline: 15 ister on the web; the fee is $75 general, $25 Juni 2001. FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES graduate students, and no charge to gradu- ate students of departments that are cospon- The United States Institute of Peace invites appli- soring the conference. You can obtain NEW ON THE NET cations for the 2002-3 Senior Fellowship com- registration forms and information from petition in the Jennings Randolph Program for Klaas van der Sanden, European Studies Consortium, University of Minnesota, 214 New website. The Anthropology of German International Peace. The United States Institute Social Sciences, 267 19th Ave. S., Minne- Studies is an informal network for anthropol- of Peace is an independent, nonpartisan insti- apolis MN 55455. Tel.: 612-625-1856; ogists whose research is focused on German- tution created by Congress to strengthen the fax: 612-626-2242; e-mail: [email protected]. speaking countries and on the German diaspora. nation’s capacity to promote the peaceful res- It is an offshoot of the German Studies Net- olution of international conflict. Fellowships Women and members of minorities are espe- work. Its URL is http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/ are awarded annually to scholars and practitio- cially encouraged to apply. Contact: Jennings ~sae/sae/german/. The website features a Work- ners from a variety of professions, including col- Randolph Program, U.S. Institute of Peace, 1200 ing (collective) Anthropology of German Stud- lege and university faculty, journalists, diplo- 17th Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington DC ies Bibliography and a collection of links and mats, writers, educators, military officers, inter- 20036-3011. Phone: 202-429-3886, fax: 202- funding resources for Germanist ethnographers. national negotiators, and lawyers. The institute 429-6063, e-mail: [email protected]; website: It will also be home to Uli Linke’s German Stud- funds projects related to preventive diplomacy, http://www.usip.org. Deadline: 17 September. ies Network Newsletter (highlighting fieldwork, ethnic and regional conflicts, peacekeeping and announcements, and recent events). peace operations, peace settlements, postconflict reconstruction and reconciliation, democratiza- STUDY ABROAD Journal Announcement and Call for Papers. tion and the rule of law, cross-cultural negotia- OPPORTUNITIES The Global Review of Ethnopolitics. Editors: tions, nonviolent social movements, U.S. foreign Stefan Wolff, University of Bath, England, UK; policy in the 21st century, and related topics. Hungary. Pazmany Peter Catholic University Karl Cordell, University of Plymouth, England, Fellows reside at the institute for a period of will hold a summer university from 16 July to 10 UK; Maya Chadda, William Paterson Univer- up to ten months to conduct research on their August 2001. Designed to acquaint students with sity, New Jersey. Review Editor: Chris Gilligan, projects, consult with staff, and contribute to the Hungarian language and culture, it will offer University of Ulster, England, UK. Supported ongoing work of the institute. Projects that dem- the following courses for credit: Hungarian Lan- by the Themis Foundation, Inc., Canada; the onstrate relevance to current policy debates will guage (Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced), Hun- International Relations and Security Network, be highly competitive. The fellowship award garian Studies, Hungarian Film, Optional Lan- Switzerland; and the Westminster Foundation includes a stipend, an office with computer and guage Classes, Cultural Geography. The lan- for Democracy, UK. To be launched in Septem- voicemail, and a part-time research assistant. The guage of teaching is English. For information ber 2001, this new authoritative peer-reviewed competition is open to citizens of all nations. please visit http://www.btk.ppke.hu/sumuni. 23 FilmFest from page 17 work with the twenty- and thirty-somethings who drift in and out of them. FRIENDS OF THE Loners wittily strings together the fate of six such types in a black comedy featuring eccentric characters and bizarre situations held loosely together by CENTER FOR destiny and chance in an off-the-wall style. (104 min.) Sat., April 14, 9:15 P.M., Bell; Mon., April 16, 9:00 P.M., Heights. AUSTRIAN STUDIES The Pilgrimage of Students Peter and Jacob, Czech Republic/Slovak Republic/France, 2000. Two young students take a revelatory summer vaca- Neither the endowment not the College of Liberal tion journey across Slovakia. Along the way they encounter Imro, a young Arts funding, generous though they are, completely Romany Gypsy who has killed his unfaithful lover. As Imro is prosecuted by covers the cost of keeping all the CAS programs run- both the dominant white society and his own Romany community, the two ning. We are always grateful for the contributions we students reach a crisis of faith that threatens their friendship and their systems receive from magnanimous patrons. Beginning with of belief. (95 min.) Friday, April 6, 9:15 P.M., Bell Auditorium; Monday, April this issue, we are going to honor those who have 9, 9:00 P.M., Heights; Sunday, April 15, 5:15 P.M., Galtier Plaza. recently contributed to the Center’s scholarship or The Big Animal, Poland, 2000. When Sawicki the bank teller wanders into endowment funds. his sleepy mountain village one day leading a camel on a leash, the town is abuzz with excitement. It does not take long, however, for the novelty DAVID F. GOOD to wear off. Inevitably, the local government steps in. As popular sentiment turns against their pet, Sawicki and his wife must take a stand for their camel MR. AND MRS. HERBERT KAHLER* and their independent way of life. (72 min.) April 13, 7:15 P.M., Galtier Plaza; DON PUSCH April 14, 1:30 P.M., Oak Street. R. JOHN RATH Porno Film, Slovenia, 2000. In this comedy of errors, the time has come to CHARLOTTTE SEGUIN make the first pornographic film in Slovenia. Trouble arises, however, when a gang of Montenegrin ex-cons appear on the scene and try to take over. (80 min.) Wed., April 11, 9:15 P.M., Bell. Single tickets or passes are available at the box office or online at *in kind donation www.ticketweb.com. Visit http://www.ufilm.org or call 612-627-4430. v

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