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National Defence University BULLETIN OF “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATION INDEXED IN INTERNATIONAL DATABASES EBSCO & CEEOL PUBLISHING PUBLICATION FOUNDED IN 1937 “CAROL I“ NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING HOUSE BUCHAREST, 2017 THE EDITORIAL COUNCIL PRESIDENT The Commandant (Rector) of the “Carol I” National Defence University, Colonel Professor Gheorghe CALOPăREANU, PhD MEMBERS Colonel Professor Daniel DUMITRU, PhD Colonel Professor Valentin DRAGOMIRESCU, PhD Colonel ProfessorMarian STANCU, PhD Colonel Professor Iulian MARTIN, PhD Colonel Associate Professor Ioana ENACHE, PhD Colonel Professor Constantin POPESCU, PhD Colonel Professor Sorin PÎNZARIU, PhD Colonel Professor Costinel NIȚU, PhD General mr. (ret) Professor Mihail VASILE-OZUNU, PhD Colonel Lecturer Alexandru STOICA, PhD Scientifi c reviewers Cdor. Associate Professor Marius ȘERBESZKI, PhD Colonel Professor Daniel GHIBA, PhD Colonel Lecturer Stan ANTON, PhD Cdor. Associate Professor Eng. Laurenţiu POPESCU, PhD Lieutenant-Colonel Professor Dorel BUȘE, PhD Colonel Associate Professor Cezar VASILESCU, PhD Colonel Lecturer Alin BODESCU, PhD Colonel Eduard VITALIS, PhD Lieutenant-Colonel Associate Professor Marius PĂUNESCU, PhD Associate Professor Margareta BOACĂ, PhD Associate Professor Ana-Maria CHISEGA-NEGRILĂ, PhD Associate Professor Diana-Elena ȚUȚUIANU, PhD THE EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-chief Laura MÎNDRICAN Executive Editor Irina TUDORACHE Proof Reader Mariana ROȘCA Sub-Editor Liliana ILIE Cover Elena PLEȘANU COPYRIGHT: Reproductions are allowed under the condition of specifying source. Full responsibility for the articles lies with the authors. ISSN 2284-936X ISSN-L 2284-936X Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University CONtENtS Editorial 5 The Editorial Board The place and the role of internal audit in the Ministry 7 of National Defense Lieutenant-Colonel Radu-Viorel MARCU, PhD student The axiomatic character of decision 16 Lecturer Florentina-Loredana DRAGOMIR, PhD Colonel (ret) Professor Gelu ALEXANDRESCU, PhD Discipline and its subsequent benefi ts for teaching english 23 in military institutions Associate Professor Diana-Elena ŢUŢUIANU, PhD Distribution of military expenditures: regional evolution 29 trends of defense budgets Felicia Maria ȘINCA, PhD student The role of interethnic communication in the internal stability of states 34 and the avoidance of external threats. A case study on the saxons of Valea Viilor (Wurmloch) – Sibiu county Lucian BUCIU The cross-border critical information infrastructure (CII) and the operator’s 39 responsibilities. Case study Engineer Ștefan-Gabriel GEORGESCU, PhD student Gerhard Maletzke’s model of mass communication 48 from the social communication perspective Mirela IONIŢĂ, PhD Veronica PĂSTAE June, 2017 3 Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University Donald Trump on setting the price for the U.S. Foreign Defence Policy – tracing 54 back the opinions of an actual or potential presidential candidate Lecturer Alexandru LUCINESCU, PhD The activity of international security organizations for confl ict mediation 64 and humanitarian crisis resolution Iulian-Octavian VLADU, PhD student The modelling of decisional problems 72 Lecturer Florentina-Loredana DRAGOMIR, PhD Doctrinal evolution of the NATO Strategic Concept 76 Professor Dănuț Mircea CHIRIAC, PhD Associate Professor Cosmin Florian OLARIU, PhD The complexity of land forces actions from the perspective of an integrated 84 security system Lieutenant-Colonel Assistant Professor Daniel ROMAN, PhD Islamic identity, oil and global insecurity – afi rming social constructivism in the 21st century 91 Haliru Dogondaji BELLO, PhD student Professor Ioan CRĂCIUN, PhD The ideologies of Boko Haram and evolving insecurity 99 in 21st century Nigeria Haliru Dogondaji BELLO, PhD student Dacian fortifi cation. Principles of classifi cation 106 Lieutenant-Colonel Engineer Constantin COȘOFREȚ, PhD student 4 June, 2017 Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University EDItORIAL As a unique institution by age, structure and organization, “Carol I” National Defense University has always been a landmark at the level of the Romanian military education organizations through the scope of its information activities, in the service of national security, but also through collaboration with similar institutions from Europe. The moment when this Bulletin issue appears has a special signifi cance for our magazine, in the sense that we mark in 2017 the achievement of 80 years of existence, a period commenced on January 23, 1937, when the Romanian Army General Staff approved the Order number 2872 which sanctioned the establishment of the Upper School Bulletin. The eight decades that time has marked its value means not just a bridge over time, but also a vivid, step-by-step testimony of a school that has assumed the specialization and training of the military at a high level of professionalism, and at the same time giving the possibility of many generations of soldiers, actively participating in important events and with a signifi cant impact on the existence of the Romanian nation, to present in the pages of the magazine, in a special way, the thoughts, refl ections, perceptions and results of the scientifi c researches specifi c to the military phenomenon. The predominant scientifi c act in recent appearances has led to accumulations of experiences that build the military academic environment in an absolutely necessary way for these times. The principles underlying the editing of articles are scientifi c value and innovation, aspects that organically fulfi ll the evolution of a military career. Today, the Bulletin is both a barometer of scientifi c level analysis and an insight into the future that we decide together in the choices we make. Parts of the history and evolution of the magazine are brought to the attention of the reader in the pages of this issue through the article: 80 years in the service of the military academic community: “Carol I” National Defense University Newsletter between tradition and modernity. Making an arc over time, we pay tribute to all those who have devoted their time, attention and passion to respond to concrete needs in the military academic fi eld and to maintain the level of publication of major importance in Romanian higher education and military scientifi c research. Also, being accustomed to briefl y presenting the most important events at a geopolitical level in the previous editions, we fi rmly believe that, in terms of Romania’s foreign policy, President Klaus Iohannis’ visit to the United States marks such an event. This visit was due to the 20th anniversary of the signing, in 1997, of the Romanian-American Strategic Partnership, a partnership that allowed the consolidation of relations in areas of mutual interest for both countries and at the same time it was an important factor to support peace and stability in Southeast Europe. June, 2017 5 Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University Military cooperation was an essential element in this bilateral partnership process, with the Romanian Army participating, alongside US troops, with important troops at the military operations in the theaters of operations in Iraq and in Afghanistan. Romania is and will remain a trustworthy ally of the United States within the North Atlantic Alliance and a faithful ally within the Strategic Partnership between the two countries. Romania’s decision to allocate 2% of GDP for defense, the implementation of the anti-missile shield from Deveselu that protects the NATO member states from possible air strikes and the ways in which our country develops its defense capabilities are some other elements that make Romania an indisputable ally of United States in the current geopolitical conditions. In this context, the visit of the President of Romania is the result of a natural process of well- established partnership and mutual support of the regional and global interests of the two strategic partners. the Editorial Board 6 June, 2017 Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University THE PLACE AND THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDIT IN THE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Lieutenant-Colonel Radu-Viorel MARCU, PhD student* Abstract: The paper presents some aspects regarding the regulation of the internal public audit, both at national and departmental level. There are detailed some aspects regarding the stages of development of public internal audit in the Ministry of National Defense. The regulatory framework underlying the operation of the Internal Audit Directorate is briefly addressed. The vision and objectives of the Internal Audit Directorate are presented and evaluated. Keywords: public internal audit; Internal Audit Directorate; Ministry of National Defense. 1. Development stages of public internal audit 1.1. The pioneering stage (1999-2002) – our in the ministry of national defense evaluation regarding the period of 2000-2002 as the pioneering stage takes into account the fact In order to establish the evolution of that the specific legislation for the public internal public internal audit function in the Ministry of audit was set in Romania in 1999 by Government National Defense (MoND) and in the Internal Ordinance (OG) no. 119/1999 regarding the Audit Directorate (IAD), in the particular, there internal audit and preventive control, a normative was conducted a parallel analysis of the specific document which contained only a few provisions regulatory framework, both at the national level, regarding the internal audit, including in this and at the
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