1845

About the Authors

Chong H. Ahn Chapter B.19 Authors University of Cincinnati Dr. Chong Ahn is a Professor of Electrical and Computer at the Department of Electrical University of Cincinnati. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in from and the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1993 and then worked as a postdoctoral fellow and Computer Science at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. His research interests include all aspects of Cincinnati, OH, USA [email protected] design, fabrication, and characterization of magnetic MEMS devices, microfluidic devices, protein chips, lab-on-a-chips, nano biosensors, point-of-care testing and BioMEMS systems. He is an associate editor of the IEEE Sensors Journal.

Boris Anczykowski Chapter C.27 nanoAnalytics GmbH Dr. Boris Anczykowski is a physicist with an extensive research background in the Münster, Germany field of dynamic Scanning Force Microscopy. He co-invented the Q-Control technique [email protected] and received the Innovation Award Münsterland for Science and Economy in 2001 for this achievement. He is a managing director and co-founder of nanoAnalytics GmbH, a company specialized in the characterization of surfaces and interfaces on the micro- and nanometer scale.

Massood Z. Atashbar Chapter A.7

Western Michigan University Professor Massood Z. Atashbar received the B.Sc. degree in electrical Department of Electrical engineering from the Isfahan University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and Computer Engineering the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the Sharif University of Kalamazoo, MI, USA Technology, Tehran, and the Ph.D. degree from the Department of [email protected] Communication and , RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, in 1998. From 1998 to 1999, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Electronic Engineering and Acoustic Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park. He is an Assistant Professor with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo. His research interests include physical and chemical microsensors development, wireless sensors, and applications of in sensors, digital electronics, advanced signal processing, and engineering education.

Wolfgang Bacsa Chapter A.3

University of Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier) Professor Wolfgang Bacsa is an expert in the emerging field of Laboratoire de Physique des Solides nanooptics and carbon nanotubes. He has a Ph.D. from the Swiss (LPST), UMR 5477 CNRS Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich in and has Toulouse Cedex, France extensive experience in condensed matter physics, optics, microscopy, [email protected]; [email protected] synthesis of ultrathin films and nanostructured carbon. Professor Bacsa worked at the ETH Zürich, PennState University and EPFL Lausanne. 1846 About the Authors

William Sims Bainbridge Chapters H.57, H.58

Division of Information, Science William Sims Bainbridge earned his doctorate from Harvard University. He is the and Engineering author of 11 books, 4 textbook-software packages, and about 180 shorter publications National Science Foundation in information science, social science of technology, and the sociology of culture. His Arlington, VA, USA software employed innovative techniques to teach theory and methodology: [email protected] Experiments in Psychology, Sociology Laboratory, Survey Research, and Social

Authors Research Methods and Statistics. He is the editor of the Berkshire Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction and author of the forthcoming God from the Machine, a study using artificial intelligence techniques to understand religious belief. Most recently, he co-edited Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance, which explores the combination of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science, and he is currently editing the next book in the Converging Technologies series. At the National Science Foundation since 1992, he represented the social and behavioral sciences on five advanced technology initiatives: High Performance Computing and Communications, Knowledge and Distributed Intelligence, Digital Libraries, Information Technology Research, and Nanotechnology, before joining the staff of the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering. Currently, he is director of NSF’s Science and Engineering Informatics program, after having directed the Sociology, Human Computer Interaction, and Artificial Intelligence programs, and a member of the faculty of George Mason University.

Antonio Baldi Chapter A.7

Centro National Microelectrónica Professor Antonio Baldi is a Ramon y Cajal researcher at the CNM-IMB, Spain. He Institut de Microelectronica received his BS degree in telecommunication engineering from the Universitat de Barcelona (IMB) Politècnica de Catalunya, (1996) and his Ph.D. degree on electronics engineering from (CNM-CSIC) the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona in 2001. From 2001 to 2003 he was at the Barcelona, Spain [email protected] working in the field of bioMEMS as a postdoctoral fellow. In the summer of 2003 he joined the Chemical Transducers Group (GTQ), at the Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica, where he works on the development of microsystems and instrumentation for chemical and biochemical sensing.

Philip D. Barnes Chapter B.17

Columbus, OH, USA Phillip D. Barnes is completing his doctorate in [email protected] at The Ohio State University. He received the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering and M.Sc. degree in biomedical engineering from The Ohio State University in 2001 and 2004, respectively.

James Batteas Chapter D.32

Texas A&M University James Batteas is an Associate Professor of at Texas A&M Department of Chemistry University. He received his PhD in Chemistry in 1995 from UC College Station, TX, USA Berkeley. Research in his group includes studies of charge transport in [email protected] organic molecules on surfaces, tribological properties of oxide surfaces and self-assembled monolayers, self-organizing nanoscale materials for device applications, plant biopolymers, and nanofabrication approaches for the development of electronic and sensing architectures.

Roland Bennewitz Chapter D.33

McGill University Roland Bennewitz studied physics in Freiburg and Berlin where he received his PhD Physics Department for work on defects at surfaces of insulators. He is now assistant at the University of Montreal, QC, Canada Basel where his research activities focus on high-resolution force microscopy as a tool [email protected] in nanotribology and surface science. About the Authors 1847

Bharat Bhushan Chapters 1, C.22, D.29, D.34, D.38, D.40, D.41, E.42, E.43, E.44, G.50

The Ohio State University Dr. Bharat Bhushan is an Ohio Eminent Scholar and The Howard D. Winbigler Nanotribology Laboratory Professor in the Department of , a Graduate Research Faculty for Information Storage Advisor in the Department of and Engineering, and the Director of / and MEMS NEMS the Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage and MEMS/NEMS (NLIM) at Columbus, OH, USA the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He holds two M.Sc., a Ph.D. in

[email protected] Authors mechanical engineering/mechanics, an MBA, and three semi-honorary and honorary doctorates. His research interests are in micro/nanotribology and its applications to magnetic storage devices and MEMS/NEMS (Nanotechnology). He has authored 5 technical books, 45 handbook chapters, more than 450 technical papers in referred journals, and more than 60 technical reports, edited more than 25 books, and holds 14 U.S. patents. Dr. Bhushan has previously worked for the R and D Division of Mechanical Technology Inc., Latham, NY; the Technology Services Division of SKF Industries Inc., King of Prussia, PA; the General Products Division Laboratory of IBM Corporation, Tucson, AZ; and the Almaden Research Center of IBM Corporation, San Jose, CA.

Gerd K. Binnig Chapter F.46

IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Gerd Binnig obtained his Ph.D. from the Johann Wolfgang Goethe Micro-/Nanomechanics University, Frankfurt, Germany, and joined IBM Research in 1978. He Rüschlikon, Switzerland was corecipient of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of [email protected] the scanning tunnelling microscope, and he also invented the atomic force microscope. His current research interests are micro- and nanosystem techniques and “Fractal Darwinism”, a theory he developed to describe complex systems.

Marcie R. Black Chapter A.4

Massachusetts Institute Marcie Black recently received her Ph.D. from Prof. Dresselhaus’s of Technology research group at MIT studying the optical properties of nanowires. In Department of Electrical Engineering particular, she identified the dominant optical absorption mechanism in and Computer Science the IR of bismuth nanowires as an indirect interband transition that is Cambridge, MA, USA [email protected] enhanced over bulk bismuth. Currently she is studying organic opto-electronics with an emphasis on photovoltaics.

Maarten P. de Boer Chapter D.32

Sandia National Laboratories Maarten P. de Boer received his Ph.D. in Materials Science from the University of MEMS Devices and Reliability Physics Minnesota in 1996 studying thin film adhesion. He is now a Principal Member of the Department MEMS Devices and Reliability Physics Department, Sandia National Laboratories. Albuquerque, NM, USA His interests are in the area of developing test structures, metrologies, and mechanics [email protected] to study mechanical and tribological properties in MEMS.

Donald W. Brenner Chapter D.35

North Carolina State University Dr. Donald W. Brenner is currently a Professor in the Department of Materials Science Department of Materials Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University, Raleigh. He received his B.Sc. and Engineering from the State University of New York in 1982 and his Ph.D. from Penn. State Raleigh, NC, USA University in 1987, both in Chemistry. He joined the Theoretical Chemistry Section at [email protected] the United States Naval Research Laboratory as a staff scientist in 1987, and joined the North Carolina State University faculty in 1994. His research interests focus on using atomic and mesoscale simulation and theory to understand technologically important processes and materials. Professor Brenner’s awards include the 2002 Feynman prize for research achievement in nanotechnology (theory), the Alcoa Foundation Engineering Research Achievement Award (2000), Co-author of a Veridian Medal Paper (1999), and an Outstanding Teacher Award from the North Carolina State College of Engineering (1999). He is a member of the North Carolina State University Academy of Outstanding Teachers. 1848 About the Authors

Jean-Marc Broto Chapter A.3

Institut National des Sciences Jean-Marc Broto is Professor at the Université Toulouse III, France. He Appliquées of Toulouse is a specialist in electronic transport and magnetization properties under Laboratoire National des Champs high magnetic fields and contributed to the discovery of the giant Magnétiques Pulsés (LNCMP) magnetoresistance in 1988. Toulouse Cedex 4, France

Authors [email protected]; [email protected]

Guozhong Cao Chapter A.5

University of Washington Dr. Guozhong Cao is an Associate Professor of Materials Science and Seattle, WA, USA Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at the University of [email protected] Washington (UW). He received his Ph.D. from Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, in 1991. Before joining UW faculty in 1996, Dr. Cao worked briefly at University of Twente, University of Nijmegen, and at the Advanced Materials Labs of the University of New Mexico and Sandia National Lab. His major awards include the European Union Fellowship in 1993, the college Outstanding Educator Award in 1999, and the university Distinguished Teaching Award in 2000. He has published over 160 refereed papers in a wide range of materials science field, edited three conference proceedings, and authored a book, “Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications” in 2004. Dr. Cao’s current research is focused mainly on processing, characterization, and applications of dielectrics, ferroelectrics, piezoelectrics, scintillation oxides, intercalation compounds, organic-inorganic hybrids, and nanostructured materials and coatings. Processing techniques include sol-gel processing, hydrothermal growth, electrochemical and electrophoretic deposition, and self-assembly. The research emphasis is to achieve novel properties for various applications through control of micro and nanostructure, and atomic engineering of materials through processing and composition design.

Robert W. Carpick Chapter D.32

University of Wisconsin-Madison Robert Carpick has a Ph.D. in Physics (1997) from the University of California at Department of Berkeley. He has been an Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA since 2000. He carries out research and publishes in the areas of nanotribology, [email protected] nanomechanics, nanostructured materials, and scanning probe development. He serves on the editorial board of Review of Scientific Instruments. In 2002 he received a Faculty Early Career Development award from the U.S. National Science Foundation.

Tsung-Lin Chen Chapter F.48

National Chiao Tung University Tsung-Lin Chen received his B.Sc. and M.A. degrees in mechanical engineering from Department of Mechanical Engineering the National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan in 1990 and 1992, respectively. He HsinChu, Taiwan received Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from University of California at [email protected] Berkeley, USA in 2001. He is currently an assistant professor in National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan. His research interests include MEMS devices design and MEMS fabrication process development. About the Authors 1849

Yu-Ting Cheng Chapter G.56

National Chiao Tung University Professor Yu-Ting Cheng received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Electronics Engineering Department Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 2000. HsinChu, Taiwan After his graduation, he worked for IBM Watson Research Center, [email protected] Yorktown Heights, as a research staff member. He is a member of IEEE, IOP, and Phi Tau Phi. Currently he is Assistant Professor at the National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan. His research interests include the Authors development of novel materials and fabrication technologies for MEMS/NEMS applications and microsystems integration.

Giovanni Cherubini Chapter F.46

IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Dr. Giovanni Cherubini received a Ph.D. degree in electrical Storage Technologies engineering from the University of California, San Diego, in 1986, and Rüschlikon, Switzerland joined IBM Research in 1987. His interests include high-speed data [email protected] transmission and data storage systems. He is Editor for CDMA systems, for IEEE Transactions on Communications, and served as Guest Editor for the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications issues on access technologies (1995) and on multiuser detection techniques (2001–2002). He is co-author of the book Algorithms for Communications Systems and their Applications.

Mu Chiao Chapter G.56

The University of British Columbia Professor Mu Chiao received a Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering and Berkeley Mechanical Engineering Department Sensor and Actuator Center from University of California at Berkeley, Ca, USA, in Vancouver, BC, Canada 2002. From August 2002 to Feb 2003, he had been with Berkeley Sensor and Actuator [email protected] Center, University of California at Berkeley as a post-doctoral research fellow. He is currently with the Department of Mechanical Engineering at The University of British Columbia as an Assistant Professor. His research interests include MEMS packaging, MEMS power sources and novel nanowire/tube syntheses.

Jin-Woo Choi Chapter B.19

Louisiana State University Jin-Woo Choi received his B.S. and M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Seoul Department of Electrical National University in Korea in 1994 and 1996, respectively. He received his Ph.D. and Computer Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Cincinnati in 2000. Now he is Baton Rouge, LA, USA an Assistant Professor at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. His [email protected] current research activities include magnetic particle separators, microfluidic systems for biochemical detection, micro total analysis systems (µ-TAS), bioelectronics, and BioMEMS components and systems.

Shawn J. Cunningham Chapter G.54

WiSpry, Inc. Shawn Cunningham is working on the development of RF MEMS Colorado Springs Design Center switch and associated processes with wiSpry, Inc. His interests include Colorado Springs, CO, USA materials characterization, reliability, and Design for MEMS [email protected] Manufacturability. Prior to joining wiSpry, Shawn pursued MEMS research and product development at Coventor, Ford Microelectronics, and the University of Utah’s Center for Engineering Design and in collaboration with the Univerisity of Colorado. 1850 About the Authors

Dietrich Dehlinger Chapter B.14

University of California, San Diego Dietrich Dehlinger is a graduate student in the Department of Electrical Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of California, San Diego. and Computer Engineering His background is in optics and MEMS and his current interest are in La Jolla, CA, USA nanofabrication techniques. [email protected] Authors

Michel Despont Chapter F.46

IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Michel Despont received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Neuchâtel, Micro-/Nanomechanics Switzerland, in 1996. After a postdoctoral fellowship at IBM’s Zurich Research Rüschlikon, Switzerland Laboratory, he was visiting scientist at the Seiko Instrument Research Laboratory in [email protected] Japan in 1997. His current research at IBM focuses on the development of micro- and nanomechanical devices and of processes to fabricate so-called system-on-chip.

Lixin Dong Chapter F.49

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Professor Lixin Dong is research scientist in IRIS of ETH Zürich. He received the B. (ETH), Zürich Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Xi’an University of Institute of and Intelligent Technology (XUT), China in 1989 and 1992, respectively. He became Research Systems (IRIS) Associate in 1992, Lecturer in 1995, and Associate Professor in 1998 at XUT. He Zürich, Switzerland [email protected] received his Ph.D. degree in Micro- and Nanosystem Engineering from Nagoya University in 2003, and became Assistant Professor there in the same year. His main research interests include nanorobotics and related topics including carbon nanotubes, nanorobotic manipulation, nanoassembly, nanofabrication, NEMS, and nanomechanochemistry.

Gene Dresselhaus Chapter A.4

Massachusetts Institute Gene Dresselhaus received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of of Technology California in 1955. He was a faculty member at the University of Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Chicago, and assistant professor at Cornell before joining MIT Lincoln Cambridge, MA, USA Laboratory in 1960 as a staff member. In 1976 he assumed his current [email protected] position at the MIT Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory. His area of interest is the electronic structure of nanomaterials and he has co-authored with M.S. Dresselhaus several books on fullerenes, nanowires, and nanotubes.

Mildred S. Dresselhaus Chapter A.4

Massachusetts Institute Mildred Dresselhaus received her Ph.D. in physics from the University of Technology of Chicago in 1958. She joined the MIT faculty in 1967. She has been Department active in research across broad areas of solid state physics, especially in of Electrical Engineering carbon science. Her present research activities focus on carbon and Computer Science and Department of Physics nanotubes, bismuth nanowires, low dimensional thermoelectricity, and Cambridge, MA, USA novel forms of carbon. She is the recipient of the National Medal of [email protected] Science and 17 honorary degrees.

Martin L. Dunn Chapter G.54

University of Colorado at Boulder Martin L. Dunn received the Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Department of Mechanical Engineering Washington and was a postdoctoral appointee at Sandia National Laboratories. His Boulder, CO, USA research focuses on the micromechanical behavior of materials and structures. He has [email protected] published over 75 articles in archival journals, and his research has been sponsored by NSF, DOE, NIST, DARPA, AFOSR, and Sandia National Laboratories. About the Authors 1851

Urs T. Dürig Chapter F.46

IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Urs Dürig received a Ph.D. degree from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Micro-/Nanomechanics Zurich, in 1984. He joined IBM as a post-doc working on near-field optical Rüschlikon, Switzerland microscopy. He is Research Staff Member since 1986: He worked in the field of [email protected] scanning tunnelling and dynamic force microscopy. In 1997, he joined the Micro/ Nanomechanics group focusing on polymer material issues and thermal modelling. Authors

Evangelos Eleftheriou Chapter F.46

IBM Zurich Research Laboratory He received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Carleton University, Storage Technologies Ottawa, Canada, in 1985, and joined IBM Research in 1986. His Rüschlikon, Switzerland research focuses on signal processing and coding for recording and [email protected] transmission systems. His current research interests include nanotechnology, in particular probe-storage techniques. Dr. Eleftheriou was elected IEEE Fellow in 2002.

Mauro Ferrari Chapter B.17

The University of Texas Dr. Ferrari is a Professor at the Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine Health Science Center at Houston and Chairman of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Houston, TX, USA of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. He is Professor of [email protected] Experimental Therapeutics at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX. and Professor of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX. as well as Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.~ Currently he is President of the Texas Alliance for NanoHealth in Houston, TX.

Emmanuel Flahaut Chapter A.3

Université Paul Sabatier Emmanuel Flahaut obtained his Ph.D in Materials Science in Toulouse working on CIRIMAT (Centre Interuniversitaire CCVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and dense ceramic-based composites de Recherche et d’Ingénierie including CNTs. He spent then more than one year as a post-doctoral researcher in des Matériaux) Malcolm Green’s Group in Oxford to work mainly on the filling of CNTs. He is now a Toulouse, France fl[email protected] permanent CNRS researcher at the University of Toulouse.

László Forró Chapter D.36

Swiss Federal Institute Professor László Forró is working on the synthesis, physical properties and of Technology (EPFL) manipulation of carbon nanostuctures and nanostuctured arrays, as well as, Institute of Physics mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, carbon onions, biological tubular systems. of Complex Matter Transport and electron spin resonance studies of molecular materials, Lausanne, Switzerland laszlo.forro@epfl.ch quasi-one-dimensional organic metals, organic superconductors, cuprates, manganates and fullerenes – up to high pressures. Tunneling spectroscopy in cuprate and fullerene superconductors. Optical properties of strongly correlated systems and biomaterials.

Jane Frommer Chapter E.45

IBM Almaden Research Center Following a Ph.D. in Organometallic Chemistry from Caltech, Dr. Jane Department of Science Frommer has been involved in a diverse set of research areas, including and Technology electronically conducting polymers and scanning probe microscopy. Her San Jose, CA, USA present AFM lab at IBM collaborates with a wide variety of laboratories [email protected] involved in materials research, including lithography, chromatography, and storage. Common to all these studies is Frommer’s interest in the properties and structure of molecules in confined geometries. 1852 About the Authors

Harald Fuchs Chapter C.27

Universität Münster 1984 Ph.D. Universität des Saarlandes with Prof. H. Prof Gleiter (nano Physikalisches Institut crystalline Systems), 1984–1985, Post doc with IBM Research Lab. Münster, Germany Zurich in the group of G. Binnig and H. Rohrer, 1985–1993 Project [email protected] manager ‘Ultrathin Organic Films’with BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Since 1993 he is full Professor and Director at the Physical Authors Institute of the University of Münster, 2000: Cofounder and Scientific Director of the Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech).

Christoph Gerber Chapter B.16

Institute of Physics, University of Basel Professor Christoph Gerber is the Director for scientific communication of the National Competence Center for Research National Center of Competence for Nanoscale Science (NCCR) at the Institute of in Nanoscale Science (NCCR) Basel Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland and is a Research Staff Member emeritus in Basel, Switzerland Nanoscale Science at the IBM Research Laboratory in Rüschlikon, Switzerland. He [email protected] has served as a project leader in various programs of the Swiss National Science Foundation and currently in the European 6th Framework. During the past 25 years, his research has been focused on nanoscale science. He is a veteran in scanning probe microscopy and made major contributions to the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic force microscope (AFM) and is a co-inventor of biochemical sensors based on AFM technology. He is an author and co-author of more than one hundred scientific papers that appeared in peer-reviewed journals with more than 12 000 citations in cross disciplinary fields. He belongs worldwide to the one hundred most cited researchers in Physical Sciences. He gave numerous plenary and invited talks at international conferences.

Franz J. Giessibl Chapters C.24, C.26

Universität Regensburg Professor Giessibl is working in atomic force microscopy and scanning tunnelling Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II – microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature and low temperatures. He is a Physik Steering Committee Member of the International Conference on Noncontact Atomic Regensburg, Germany Force Microscopy. He received the R and D 100 Award Chicago 1994, the German [email protected]. de Nanoscience Award 2000, and the Rudolf Kaiser Price in 2001. Since May 2006 he is head of the Department of Experimental and Applied Physics at the University of Regensburg, Germany.

Enrico Gnecco Chapter D.33

University of Basel Enrico Gnecco studied physics in Genoa, where he received his PhD for Department of Physics work on the mechanism of growth of nanostructured carbon films. He is Basel, Switzerland now assistant at the University of Basel, where his research activities [email protected] focus on friction force microscopy and molecular machinery. About the Authors 1853

Steve Granick Chapter D.31

University of Illinois Steve Granick is a Founder Professor of Materials Science and at Urbana-Champaign Engineering and also a Professor of Chemistry, Physics, Chemical and Department of Chemistry Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana, IL, USA Urbana-Champaign. He received his B.A. from in [email protected] 1978 and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1982. He joined the faculty of the University of Illinois in 1985 following Authors postdoctoral research at the Collège de France with P.-G. de Gennes and at the University of Minnesota with Matthew Tirrell. His honors include the Beckman Research Board Award (1985), election to ASME Research Committee on Tribology (1989), Fellow in the Center for Advanced Study of UIUC (1990), Fellow American Physical Society (1992), Senior Xerox Award, UIUC (1993), NSF Award for Special Creativity (1993), Sabbatical Professor, Kyoto University, Japan (1994), University Scholar, UIUC (1997), named as Founder Professor of Engineering (1999), Paris-Sciences Professor (2002). His research interests are in the areas of polymers, complex fluids, and biomaterials.

Gérard Gremaud Chapter D.36

Swiss Federal Institute Dr. Gérard Gremaud is a physicist and senior lecturer at the Ecole Polytechnique of Technology (EPFL) Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). He is active in the research fields of dislocation Institute of Physics dynamic, acoustic and atomic force microscopy and granular physics. He is also of Complex Matter responsible for the teaching of metrology and practical works to the physics students. Lausanne, Switzerland gremaud@epfl.ch

Jason H. Hafner Chapter C.23

Rice University Jason Hafner earned his Ph.D. in physics from Rice University in 1998. He then held Department of Physics an NIH postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University working on nanotube probes for &Astronomy high resolution biological atomic force microscopy. In 2001 he returned to Rice as an Houston, TX, USA assistant professor where his group is pursuing various biophysical applications of [email protected] scanned probe microscopy and nanomaterials. Dr. Hafner received a Beckman Young Investigator award in 2002.

Judith A. Harrison Chapter D.35

U.S. Naval Academy Dr. Judith A. Harrison is currently a Professor of Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry United States Naval Academy. She received her B. A. in chemistry from Annapolis, MD, USA Saint Anselm College in 1984 and her Ph.D. in chemistry from the [email protected] University of New Hampshire in 1989. Her graduate work was in the area of gas-phase reaction dynamics. Before joining the faculty of the Naval Academy in 1993, she was an Office of Naval Research postdoctoral associate at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. Her current research focuses on the theoretical examination of nanometer-scale processes, such as indentation, friction, wear, and tribochemistry of hydrocarbon systems. She has won several awards including the Naval Academy’s Research Excellence Award and the Department of the Navy’s Meritorious Civilian Service Award both in 2000. She is a member of Sigma Xi, the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, the American Chemical Society, and the Materials Research Society. 1854 About the Authors

Peter G. Hartwell Chapter G.51

Hewlett Packard Laboratories Peter G. Hartwell is currently a researcher at Hewlett-Packard Palo Alto, CA, USA Laboratories in Palo Alto, California. As a member of the Emerging [email protected] Technologies Lab, his research focuses on design, fabrication and testing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). He has extensive experience in commercializing silicon MEMS products working on Authors advanced sensors and actuators. He graduated cum laude from the University of Michigan in 1992 with a B.Sc.E in Materials Science and Engineering. He then joined NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California working in electronic packaging. He left JPL in 1993 and went to Cornell University where he received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering in 1999 after doing extensive research on MEMS testing. He did brief post doctoral work at HP Labs before joining the staff at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories in 2000.

Martin Hegner Chapter B.16

Institute of Physics, University of Basel PD Martin Hegner received the M.Sc. degree in life sciences and his Ph.D. from the National Competence Center for Research Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. In 1994 he was awarded a in Nanoscale Science (NCCR) Basel Ciba Geigy postdoc fellowship for projects at the Physics Institute of University of Basel, Switzerland Basel and worked on single biomolecule experiments involving scanning probe [email protected] microscopy. In 1996 he received a SNF and a Human Frontier Science postdoctoral fellowship and joined for three years the research group of C. Bustamante at University of Oregon and thereafter at University of California at Berkeley, where he developed functional interfaces for optical tweezers single molecule experiments. On joining again the Physics Institute at the University of Basel in 1999, he built up a biophysically oriented research group focusing s on nanomechanical investigations on single biomolecules and lately on multifunctional cantilever arrays for biomedical applications.

Michael J. Heller Chapter B.14

University of California San Diego Professor Michael J. Heller received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry of Colorado State Dept. of Bioengineering, University in 1973. Further steps in his career: NIH Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Electrical Northwestern University; Supervisor DNA Technology, Amoco, 1976–1984; Director and Computer Engineering Molecular Biology, Molecular Biosystems, Inc., 1984–1987; Co-founder and La Jolla, CA, USA [email protected] President, Integrated DNA Technologies, 1987–1989; Co-founder and CTO, Nanogen, 1993–2001. Dr. Heller is now Professor in the Departments of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University California, San Diego.

Stefan Hengsberger Chapter D.36

Ecole d’ingénieur de Fribourg Professor Stefan Hengsberger received his diploma in physics from the Fribourg, Switzerland University of Saarbrücken in 1997. He started as a research scientist at [email protected] Fraunhofer/Miami (Florida) where he worked until May 1998. In July 1998 he joined the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) where he earned his Ph.D. in biomechanics in spring 2002. He stayed for another year at EPFL as a postdoc in biomechanics and physics until summer 2003. Since October 2003 he is Professor of Physics at the University of Applied Science in Fribourg, Switzerland. About the Authors 1855

Seong-Jun Heo Chapter D.35

Univeristy of Florida Mr. Seong-Jun Heo is a graduate student in the Department of Materials Dept. of Materials Science and Science and Engineering at the University of Florida. He received his B. Engineering Sc. and M.D. from Hanyang University in Seoul, Korea in 1997 and Gainesville, FL, USA 1999, respectively. He was a research engineer in the semiconductor heogyver@ufl.edu division of Samsumg Electronics from 1999 to 2003. He joined Dr. Sinnott’s group in 2003 and is working towards his Ph.D. He is Authors interested in the computational simulation of the mechanical and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes.

Joseph P. Heremans Chapter A.12

The Ohio State University Dr. Joseph P. Heremans holds undergraduate (Ingénieur Civil Electricien, 1975) and Dept. of Physics, graduate (Docteur en Sciences Appliquées, 1978) degrees from the Catholic Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Louvain, in Belgium. After appointments as a visiting scientist at the H. Columbus, OH, USA C. Ørsted Institute in Copenhagen, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the [email protected] Institute for Solid State Physics of the University of Tokyo, he joined the General Motors Research Labs in 1984, where he was a the group leader of electro-optical physics and later the manager of the semiconductor physics section of the Physics and Physical Chemistry Department. He joined the Delphi Research Labs, in Shelby Township, Michigan, in 1999 as a Research Fellow. He has co-authored 162 refereed publications, was the co-editor of two books, and holds 29 US patents. His expertise is in transport properties of semiconductors and low-dimensional materials, particularly in thermal transport. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society since 1987.

Peter Hinterdorfer Chapter C.28

Johannes Kepler University of Linz Peter Hinterdorfer earned a Dr. tech. from the University of Linz, Austria, Institute for Institute for Biophysics in 1992. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Virginia, Linz, Austria Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (1992/1993). Since then [email protected] he is at the University of Linz, Institute for Biophysics, where he holds a position as Associate Professor. His current and ongoing research includes single molecule force spectroscopy and high resolution topography and recognition imaging of biological samples.

Dean Ho Chapter A.11

University of California Los Angeles Dean Ho received his B.Sc. in Physiological Science from UCLA in Department of Bioengineering 2001 and his Ph.D. in 2005 from the UCLA Department of Los Angeles, CA, USA Bioengineering. He is currently a postdoctoral research fellow in the [email protected] UCLA Department of Mechanical and , as well as Department of Bioengineering. His research has covered emerging areas in bionanotechnology to interface membrane-bound proteins with block copolymeric biomimetic membranes to fabricate biomolecular solar cells, as well as protein-based thin film devices to enhance existing fuel technologies. He has published over 20 peer-reviewed papers in the areas of biochemical energetics, polymeric biomembrane characterization, as well as developing novel power sources based on the harnessing of protein functionality. Dean is a member of Sigma Xi. 1856 About the Authors

Dalibor Hodko Chapter B.14

Nanogen, Inc. Dr. Hodko received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in chemical San Diego, CA, USA engineering and chemistry from the University of Zagreb, Croatia. He [email protected] has more than 20 years of industrial experience in the development of innovative technologies (17 issued patents) and products in the areas of bioanalytical and micro- and nanofluidics devices as well as large Authors systems with applications in physical and environmental chemistry. He has intensive experience in managing Government supported project and was a Principal Investigator on more than 25 federally funded projects. Dr. Hodko is presently a Director of Advanced Technology at Nanogen, Inc.

Roberto Horowitz Chapter F.48

University of California at Berkeley Roberto Horowitz joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University Department of California at Berkeley in 1982, where he is currently a Professor. Dr. Horowitz of Mechanical Engineering teaches and conducts research in the areas of adaptive, learning, nonlinear and optimal Berkeley, CA, USA control, with applications to Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), computer [email protected] disk file systems, robotics, and intelligent vehicle and highway systems (IVHS).

Hirotaka Hosoi Chapter C.24

Japan Science and Technology Hirotaka Hosoi received the D.E. degree in electronic enginnering from Hokkaido Corporation University in 1999. Since 2002 he is at Innovation Plaza Hokkaido, Japan Science and Sapporo, Japan Technology Corporation (JST). His main research focus is in high-resolution magnetic [email protected] imaging of magnetic materials surfaces using a scanning force microscope. His current research interests includes magnetism on metal-oxide surfaces.

Xinghui Huang Chapter F.48

University of California at Berkeley Xinghui Huang received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. from Tsinghua University, Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing, China, in 1994 and 1999, respectively. He is currently a Ph.D. Berkeley, CA, USA candidate in Mechanical Engineering at the University of California at [email protected] Berkeley. He is currently researching servo and vibration control design for dual-stage computer hard disk drives. His research interests include servo control, vibration control, robust control, and multi-rate control, with applications to MEMS devices, computer disk file systems, and mechatronics. He received the Kornie and Herta Otto Fellowship in Mechanical Engineering in 2005.

Seung-Hyun Hur Chapter A.13

University of Illinois Seung-Hyun Hur is currently a research scholar of Prof. John A. at Urbana-Champaign Roger’s group in the department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Materials Science at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is also Ph.D. and Engineering candidate in the department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering Urbana, IL, USA [email protected] of KAIST in Korea. His interests include nanofabrication, flexible electronics, single-walled carbon nanotube TFTs. About the Authors 1857

Jacob N. Israelachvili Chapter D.30

University of California Jacob Israelachvili earned his Ph.D. 1971 at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Department of and Cambridge, UK. He held various positions at the Department of Applied Mathematics Materials Department at the Australian National University (1974–1986), including those of Professional Santa Barbara, CA, USA Fellow and Head of Department. In 1986 he joined the faculty at University of [email protected] California, Santa Barbara as Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering

and Materials Department. In 1988 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Authors London, and in 1991 he was awarded the Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research by the AIChE. He was elected as a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Engineering in 1996.

Ghassan E. Jabbour Chapter F.47

University of Arizona Ghassan E. Jabbour is the head of the research group Organic Optoelectronic Optical Sciences Center Materials and Devices at the Optical Sciences Center working on organic and hybrid Tucson, AZ, USA materials and their applications to light emitting dvices, solar cells, memory storage, [email protected] solid state lighting, and other areas. Professor Jabbour is a SPIE Fellow, Track Chair of the Nanotechnology Program for SPIE, and Associate Editor of the Journal of the Society for Information Display (JSID). He has over 200 publications, invited talks, and conference proceedings.

Guangyao Jia Chapter B.20

University of California, Irvine Guangyao Jia received his B.E. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Dept. of Mechanical Beijing University of Chemical Technology in China in 1990 and his M. and Aerospace Engineering Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering from Florida Institute of Irvine, CA, USA Technology in 2001. Currently he is working with Professor Marc [email protected] Madou on his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California, Irvine. His research includes centrifuge-based microfluidics for flow-through DNA hybridization and microfluidic PCR chips for rapid DNA amplification.

Anne Jourdain Chapter G.52

Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Anne Jourdain received the M.Sc. degree in Opto-Microelectronics from (IMEC) the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Caën, France in 1994. Leuven, Belgium She did her Ph.D. in LETI-CEA, Grenoble, France, and received the Ph. [email protected] D. degree in 1998 from the University Joseph Fourier of Grenoble, France. In 1999, she joined the Interuniversity Microelectronics Center (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium, where she was involved in the MEMS processing development. In 2000, she joined the RF-MEMS team where she is currently in charge of the packaging of RF-MEMS devices.

Harold Kahn Chapter G.53

Case Western Reserve University Harold Kahn is Researcher Associate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Materials Science at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. His research is focused on and Engineering MEMS device processing and testing, particularly wafer-level mechanical testing and Cleveland, OH, USA shape-memory actuated microfluidics. He received a B.S. in metallurgical engineering [email protected] from Lafayette College and a Ph.D. in electronic materials from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Horacio Kido Chapter B.20

University of California at Irvine Horacio Kido holds B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Stanford University in Biological Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Sciences as well as a Ph.D. from the University of California at Davis in Agricultural Irvine, CA, USA and Environmental Chemistry. He works on microfluidic systems for biological [email protected] sample preparation. 1858 About the Authors

Jitae Kim Chapter B.20

University of California, Irvine Jitae Kim received the B.Sc. degree from Hanyang University, South Dept. of Mechanical Korea and MS from University of Southern California in 1998 and and Aerospace Engineering 2001, respectively. He is currently a doctoral student in mechanical Irvine, CA, USA engineering (BioMEMS) at UC, Irvine. His major research interest is [email protected] CD (compact disk)-based microfluidics for sample preparation in Authors nucleic acid analysis.

Jongbaeg Kim Chapter G.56

Dicon fiber Optics, Inc. Jongbaeg Kim received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering Richmond, CA, USA from Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center at the University of [email protected] California, Berkeley, in 2004. Since 2004 he has been working in the MEMS group at DiCon Fiberoptics, Inc. in Richmond, CA, where he designs optical MEMS components. His research interests are system dynamics, mechatronic system modeling, design and fabrication of MEMS and nanotechnology.

Nahui Kim Chapter B.20

University of California, Irvine Nahui Kim received the master degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Department of Electrical Engineering Science from the University of California at Irvine now pursuing her Ph.D. in EECS at and Computer Science UCI. She has four years of industrial experience as a circuit engineer. Her recent Irvine, CA, USA research work involves a compact disc-based microfluidic platform for genetic, [email protected] molecular, behavioural, and pharmacological analysis of organismal stress response and antidepressants action.

Andras Kis Chapter D.36

University of California András Kis received his Ph.D. in physics from the Swiss Federal Institute of Physics Department Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2003. He is currently working as a Berkeley, CA, USA postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. His research is [email protected] focused on mechanical properties of nanoscale objects and development of nanoelectromechanical devices based on nanotubes. András Kis was awarded the Latsis Foundation University prize in 2004.

Shih-Chung Kon Chapter F.48

University of California at Berkeley Shih-Chung Stanley Kon is a Ph. D student in Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering at University of California at Berkeley. He received his B.Sc. from Berkeley, CA, USA National Taiwan University in 1999. His research interests include [email protected] design and fabrication of MEMS devices, piezoelectric materials, and vibration control.

Jané Kondev Chapter D.39

Brandeis University Professor Kondev graduated with a PhD from Cornell University and Physics Department did postdoctoral work at Brown University and Princeton University Waltham, MA, USA before joining the faculty at Brandeis University. He is a recipient of the [email protected] CAREER award from the National Science Foundation and is a Cotrell Scholar of the Research Corporation. About the Authors 1859

Jing Kong Chapter A.4

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jing Kong is Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science at MIT. Her research interests lie in the synthesis, characterization, and Computer Science fundamental property studies and application with carbon nanotubes. She obtained her Cambridge, MA, USA BS degree in Chemistry from Peking University in China, and Ph.D. in Chemistry [email protected] from Stanford University. Authors

Anders Kristensen Chapter A.8

Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Professor Anders Kristensen, born in Denmark, was educated at University of MIC - Department of Micro Copenhagen, where he received Ph.D. in physics in 1994. He has been employed at and Nanotechnology Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London (1994–96), Niels Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Bohr Institute fAFG, University of Copenhagen (1996–2001). He joined MIC – [email protected] Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU) as an Associate Professor in 2001. Before joining MIC his research was concerned with experimental investigations of mesoscopic electron transport in III–V semiconductor devices. At MIC his research interests are nanoimprint lithography and polymer based micro and nanostructures for lab-on-a-chip applications.

Andrzej J. Kulik Chapter D.36

Swiss Federal Institute Andrzej Kulik is the Head of the Biostructures and Nanomechanics of Technology (EPFL) Laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) in Institute of Physics of Complex Matter Lausanne, Switzerland. His research concentrates on quantitative Lausanne, Switzerland nanoscale materials properties, nanotribology. scanning probe andrzej.kulik@epfl.ch microscopy, contact mechanics, nanoindentation, near-field ultrasonics, optical tweezers, nanolithography, and nanomanipulation.

Hans Peter Lang Chapter B.16

National Competence Center for Research Dr. Hans Peter Lang received a Ph.D. in physics from the University of in Nanoscale Science (NCCR) Basel Basel in 1994. As a postdoc, he directed research in the pulsed laser Institute of Physics, University of Basel deposition and low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy groups Basel, Switzerland at the Institute of Physics in Basel. Since 1996, he is working as a [email protected] postdoc at IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in the field of cantilever array sensors. Since 2000, he is a project leader in a project focused on biochemical applications of cantilever array sensors. He has given more than 100 scientific presentations and has published about 100 scientific articles in renowned journals.

Carmen LaTorre Chapter D.40

Insulating Systems Business Carmen LaTorre holds B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in mechanical engineering from The Owens Corning Ohio State University. He is currently an engineer at the Owens Corning Science and Granville, OH, USA Technology Center in Granville, Ohio, where his primary focus is on fibreglass [email protected] insulation product/process development.

Christophe Laurent Chapter A.3

Université Paul Sabatier Dr. Ch. Laurent is Professor of Materials Chemistry at University Paul Sabatier and is CIRIMAT (Centre Interuniversitaire the head of the Nanocomposites and Carbon Nanotubes group of CIRIMAT. His de Recherche et d’Ingénierie research include in the synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties of des Matériaux) ceramic-matrix nanocomposites, and since 1994, carbon nanotubes (synthesis of Toulouse, France [email protected] single- and double-walled CNTs, formation mechanisms, characterization, localized growth, hydrogen storage, ceramic-matrix composites).