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ENTSO-E Position Paper on Electric Vehicle Integration Into Power Grids // 3 Executive Summary

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ENTSO-E Position Paper on Electric Vehicle Integration Into Power Grids // 3 Executive Summary ENTSO-E Position Paper Electric Vehicle Integration into Power Grids 31 March 2021 European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity About ENTSO-E ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, is the pan-European association of 42 electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) in 35 countries. In 2009, ENTSO-E was registered in the EU legislation and has since then been given a series of legal mandates. Table of Contents Executive Summary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 1. Introduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7 1.1 Why and How? ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 1.2 In-Scope and Out-of Scope ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 1.3 User at the Centre ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 2. E-mobility Framework � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10 2.1 A Wide Ecosystem �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 2.2 European Activities and Rules on E-mobility �����������������������������������������������������������������������������13 2.3 Electric Vehicles ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 2.4 Charging Infrastructure �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 3. E-mobility and Power Grid: Challenges & Opportunities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22 3.1 2030 Charging Scenario ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 3.2 An Energy Issue? ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 3.3 Grid Impact Use Cases �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 3.4 EVs as an Opportunity to the System �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26 4. Key Findings & Messages � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 34 4.1 Promote integrated planning for charging infra structure & electric grid �������������������������������34 4.2 Manage the Charging Process ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 4.3 Deploy Electromobility Enablers �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������35 4.4 Enable a New Consumer-Oriented Ecosystem �������������������������������������������������������������������������36 4.5 Update Market Design and Rules �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 5� TSO Positioning � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37 5.1 What Should TSOs do? �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������38 5.2 Who Will Be Involved? �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������39 6� Conclusions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 40 Appendix I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 41 Examples of TSO Projects on E-mobility ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 TSO Projects on E-mobility – Details ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������43 Appendix II � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 49 Summary of Reference Documents Used as Input for This Paper ���������������������������������������������������49 Appendix III � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 57 Glossary ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 ENTSO-E Position Paper on Electric Vehicle Integration into Power Grids // 3 Executive Summary After a deep analysis and the pooling of TSO experiences, ENTSO-E considers electromobility a powerful resource, not only to decarbonise the transport sector but also to provide flexibility services to the energy system. An optimal vehicle-grid interaction will guarantee important environmental and economic benefits for consumers and all involved actors, as well as improved system management. To make it real, all the involved actors should cooperate to promote the implemen- tation and deployment of smart charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. This Position Paper (Paper) analyses the most relevant char- use-cases, leaving the charging process uncontrolled can acteristics of E-mobility with a particular focus on its impact result in significant challenges for the power system, such on the power system. The intense efforts in this sector by as peak power demand due to cumulative effects in certain European decision makers clearly sets the path towards the time-periods. In contrast, managing the charging process in massive adoption of electric cars, commercial vehicles and terms of time scheduling and power profile will not only limit buses. The number of commercially available models is rap- the potential challenges but also open new opportunities. This idly increasing, and typical users’ concerns when comparing can be achieved by time scheduling and power profile man- them to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, such as agement, or through market-based mechanisms (e. g. flexibil- short-range autonomy and higher prices, are expected to ity markets). Several opportunities exist to profitably exploit be solved shortly. The development of a suitable charging EV charging, each having different aims and beneficiaries, and infrastructure answering the needs of different stakehold- stacking them is possible to maximise the benefits. “Smart” ers in the electro-mobility value chain and the adoption of a EV charging can support the integration of a larger share of smart charging process currently represent the major gap to renewable energy source (RES) generation, by reshaping the be covered for most of the actors involved in this complex power demand curve, supporting generation fleet adequacy, ecosystem. and reducing system costs and CO2 emissions. In addition, the EVs will enable improved system management, both in The electrical vehicle (EV) charging process represents the terms of ancillary services and grid congestions. EV users will concrete interface between transport and energy sectors also benefit from lower charging energy costs, more reliable and is the crucial element for guaranteeing the successful services and by contributing to more sustainable transport. development for both. According to the analysed charging 4 // ENTSO-E Position Paper on Electric Vehicle Integration into Power Grids To avoid the risk of missing the multiple opportunities identified and described in the Paper through the implementation of smart-charging and V2G solutions, ENTSO-E recommends the following: › Promote coordinated planning for charging in- › Enable a new ecosystem centred around con- frastructure and electric grid through scenario sumer needs by further enhancing TSO–DSO definition, improved modelling and considering cooperation and through the defined roles and the diffusion of “hypercharger hubs” on high- responsibilities of the different involved actors, ways. to facilitate competition and maximise benefits by unlocking the potential of EV charging as an › Manage the charging process by promoting and additional and valuable flexibility resource nec- facilitating a smart – and, where relevant, V2G – essary for secure and efficient grid operation. charging approach, thus smoothing peaks in the load curve, which brings advantages for EV own- › Update market rules and regulatory framework ers, for power grids and for the whole energy to implement grid tariff / power prices schemes, system at large. stimulating the further adoption of smart charg- ing, and enable a higher number of services of- › Deploy electromobility enablers including pri- fered by EVs and their participation in flexible vate and public charging infrastructure equipped markets. with metering and communication capabilities and the adoption of common standards to guar- antee the interoperability of charging networks and data, as well as effective data management and the setting up of a value proposition for the drivers. The relevant aspects underpinning these required actions are: Today, the E-mobility environment is extremely dynamic, and minimum technical requirements and standardisation, and EV diffusion could receive a sudden boost via the Green Deal dynamic pricing definition and updated market rules,
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