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Key Competences for Lifelong Learning

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Key Competences for Lifelong Learning EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 17.1.2018 SWD(2018) 14 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document Proposal for a COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION on Key Competences for LifeLong Learning {COM(2018) 24 final} EN EN Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. The objectives and the impact of the 2006 Recommendation on Key Competences ........................ 6 2.1 The objectives of the 2006 Recommendation on Key Competences ........................................... 6 2.2 Impact of the Recommendation on Key Competences ................................................................. 8 2.3 Key competences in national competence frameworks ............................................................. 10 2.4 National strategies or reforms in education influenced by the European Framework of Key Competences for Lifelong Learning ................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Comparison of other international frameworks ......................................................................... 19 3. Results from the stakeholder consultation ....................................................................................... 28 3.1 Public on-line consultation .......................................................................................................... 28 Previous experiences with the European Reference Framework ................................................. 29 Position Papers .............................................................................................................................. 30 3.2. Main findings during the consultation process .......................................................................... 30 What are the main strengths of the current Framework as a whole? .......................................... 30 What are the main weaknesses of the current Framework as a whole? ...................................... 31 Need for change ............................................................................................................................ 31 Making the Key Competences approach more operational ......................................................... 31 3.3 Findings per key competence ...................................................................................................... 32 Communication competences ....................................................................................................... 33 Mathematical competence and basic competences in science and technology ........................... 34 Digital competence ........................................................................................................................ 34 Learning to learn ........................................................................................................................... 34 Social and civic competence .......................................................................................................... 34 Sense of initiative & entrepreneurship .......................................................................................... 34 Cultural awareness and expression ............................................................................................... 35 Transversal elements ..................................................................................................................... 35 4. The proposal for a Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong learning ........................... 36 4.1 Recommendations to Member States and Commission ............................................................. 36 4.2 Changes to the European Reference Framework of Key Competences ..................................... 38 Underlying concepts ...................................................................................................................... 41 Literacy .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Languages competence ................................................................................................................. 46 1 Science, technological, engineering and mathematical competence ........................................... 47 Digital competence........................................................................................................................ 50 Personal, Social and Learning Competence .................................................................................. 51 Civic competence .......................................................................................................................... 55 Entrepreneurship competence ..................................................................................................... 57 Cultural awareness and expression ............................................................................................... 59 5. Good practices to support Key Competences Development ............................................................ 62 5.1 Challenges for implementation ................................................................................................... 63 5.2 Competence Frameworks ........................................................................................................... 64 5.3 Supporting educational staff ....................................................................................................... 65 5.4 Assessment of learners ............................................................................................................... 67 Different approaches to and purposes of assessment .................................................................. 67 International assessment, evaluation and comparison ................................................................ 69 European Frameworks to support assessment ............................................................................. 71 National testing ............................................................................................................................. 72 5.5 Learning environments and learning approaches ....................................................................... 75 5.6 Monitoring and evaluation of the use of the Recommendation for Key Competences for Lifelong Learning ............................................................................................................................... 78 6. Policies and projects supporting competence development in lifelong learning perspective ......... 83 6.1 Foundations for lifelong learning: The significance of early childhood for competence development ..................................................................................................................................... 83 Literacy .......................................................................................................................................... 85 Languages ...................................................................................................................................... 87 Mathematics, science and technology .......................................................................................... 88 Digital ............................................................................................................................................. 92 Personal, Social and Learning ........................................................................................................ 95 Civic competence .......................................................................................................................... 97 Entrepreneurship .......................................................................................................................... 99 Cultural awareness and expression ............................................................................................. 101 2 1. Introduction In 2006, the European Parliament and the Council adopted a Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning1. In its annex, the European Reference Framework of Key Competences for Lifelong Learning, it defined the competences each European citizen needs for personal fulfilment and development, employment, social inclusion and active citizenship. It invited Member States to ensure that their education and training systems are able to equip people with these competences. Since 2006, European societies and economies have experienced significant changes, digital and technological innovations as well as labour market and demographic changes. Many of today's jobs did not exist a decade ago and many new kinds of jobs will be created in the future. Manual operations are vulnerable to automation and changes in work patterns are on the rise. Increased mobility and cultural mixity, new forms of communication and relationships alter the ways societies are organized. Climate change and the limits of ecological resources, together with economic and social inequalities, mean that sustainable development is a necessary concern for all human activity.2 These developments change daily life, both at work and leisure. Society and economy rely heavily on highly competent people while competence requirements are changing; in addition to good basic skills (literacy, numeracy and basic digital skills) and civic competences; skills such as
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