Proceedings of the Fifth Western Black Bear Workshop
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH WESTERN BLACK BEAR WORKSHOP HUMAN– BLACK BEAR INTERACTIONS 22-25 February 1994 Provo, Utah Editors Janene Auger and Hal L. Black Department of Zoology Brigham Young University P.O. Box 25255, Provo, UT 84602 Sponsored by Brigham Young University, Department of Zoology Brigham Young University, Monte L. Bean Museum Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Bureau of Land Management USDA, Forest Service Brigham Young University Press Provo 1995 CONTENTS PREFACE............................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................ vi LIST OF PARTICIPANTS .............................................. vii STATUS REPORTS..................................................... 1 ARIZONA STATUS REPORT • Cagle and Trachy ...................................... 3 CALIFORNIA STATUS REPORT • Stafford ........................................... 5 COLORADO STATUS REPORT • Beck and Gill ........................................ 9 IDAHO STATUS REPORT • Beecham and Rohlman .................................... 13 MONTANA STATUS REPORT • Olson .............................................. 21 NEW MEXICO STATUS REPORT • Jones ........................................... 27 OREGON STATUS REPORT • Anglin ............................................... 31 TEXAS STATUS REPORT • Taylor ................................................. 37 UTAH STATUS REPORT • Blackwell ............................................... 39 WASHINGTON STATUS REPORT • Pozzanghera ..................................... 43 WYOMING STATUS REPORT • Moody and Reagan ................................... 47 POSTER ABSTRACTS ................................................. 53 VIABILITY AND GERMINABILITY OF SEEDS FROM SEVEN FLESHY-FRUITED SHRUBS AFTER PASSAGE THROUGH THE BLACK BEAR • Auger, Meyer, and Black . 55 RESPONSES OF BLACK BEARS TO MANIPULATED LEVELS OF HUMAN DISTURBANCE AT ANAN CREEK, TONGASS NATIONAL FOREST, ALASKA • Chi and Gilbert ............................................. 57 BLACK BEAR DENNING BEHAVIOUR AND SITE SELECTION IN COASTAL B.C. FORESTS • Davis ......................................................... 58 BEAR-PROOF FOOD STORAGE AND SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEMS • Holmshaw ......................................................... 59 AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE PATERNITY IN THE AMERICAN BLACK BEAR USING RAPD DNA FINGERPRINTING • Johnson et al. .............................. 61 GENETIC EVIDENCE OF HISTORICAL EVENTS IN A BLACK BEAR POPULATION • Wooding, Ward, and Waits ........................................ 62 CONTENTS iii CONTENTS (Continued) PRELIMINARY ROAD TRACK SURVEYS OF BLACK BEARS IN UTAH • Young et al. ..... 63 INVITED PAPERS ..................................................... 65 BLACK BEARS IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK—THE TEX-MEX CONNECTION • Skiles . 67 FATAL INJURIES INFLICTED TO PEOPLE BY BLACK BEAR • Herrero and Higgins ....... 75 FOLLOW-UP DISCUSSION WITH STEPHEN HERRERO: FATAL INJURIES INFLICTED TO PEOPLE BY BLACK BEAR ...................................... 83 REHABILITATING ORPHANED BEAR CUBS • Maughan .............................. 91 SEQUOIA AND KINGS CANYON NATIONAL PARKS—BLACK BEAR MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND PROGRAM UPDATE • Ingram ................................. 99 BLACK BEAR MANAGEMENT IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK: MORE A PEOPLE MANAGEMENT PROBLEM • Thompson and McCurdy .............................. 105 WORKSHOPS AND PANEL DISCUSSIONS .............................. 117 SOCIOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF BLACK BEAR HUNTING • Beck et al. ....................................................... 119 QUESTIONS AND TOPICS FOR THE PANEL DISCUSSION ON HOUNDS AND BLACK BEARS 133 PANEL DISCUSSION: HOUNDS AND BLACK BEARS . 135 INVITED SPEAKERS AND PRESENTATIONS BLACK BEARS IN PARKS AND SANCTUARIES Michael R. Pelton, University of Tennessee PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS Bob Ellis, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Julie Jensen, USDA, Forest Service Heber District WILDLIFERS' LAMENT: CAN THE PUBLIC BE EDUCATED? Robert Schmidt, Utah State University iv PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH WESTERN BLACK BEAR WORKSHOP PREFACE The Fifth Western Black Bear Workshop was held in Provo, Utah on February 22–25, 1994. Wildlife biologists, students, hunters, houndsmen, animal activists, state and federal management and control personnel, private how-to- protect-bears-from-human-food-and-garbage technicians/engineers, and private citizens attended. Included were papers reporting on bear activity and management in various states, how to and where to educate the public about black bears, how to avoid bear problems on public lands and private property, problems of bear management in fragmented habitats, and the plight of young bears orphaned prematurely, and also included lively discussions of the purposes and methodologies of bear hunting. The diversity of individuals led to lively and frank presentations and discussion of what role(s) bears play in the lives of humans and the role(s) humans play in the lives of bears. This publication hopefully reflects the tenor of the workshop and provides answers and questions that will help all concerned better understand the difficulties and problems associated with the obligate management of black bears by man. To introduce this volume it seemed only fitting to us to present here one of the few written accounts of a human–black bear interaction in Utah. The incident occured some years ago in our current black bear study area. Although excrement and tracks of these animals are frequently discerned in the aspen and fir thickets, only one bear was actually observed in the present study. This animal entered the campsite at Tablerock Spring shortly following dusk and approached to within 30 feet of the position of my sleeping bag. Application of a flashlight revealed a very large bear in coarse, dark brown pelage. The bear did not immediately flee, but appeared instead to be highly agitated by the light that was being cast upon him. He (the bear) swerved convincingly back and forth and at the same time violently "pawed" the earth as if disposed to fight. These antics persisted for perhaps a minute and then a resonant, airy snort heralded his departure. This same resounding noise was heard again several minutes later and was presumably made by the same bear, but at a greater distance from camp. Ranck, G.L. 1961. Mammals of the East Tavaputs Plateau. M.S. Thesis. University of Utah, Salt Lake City. 230 pp. PREFACE v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the owners, operators, and employees of the East Bay Inn and Joe Vera's Restaurant for warm beds, cozy conference rooms, and salsa and chips that fueled the fires of dialogue throughout the workshop. To the following we offer sincere thanks: Brigham Young University's Department of Zoology and the Monte L. Bean Museum of Natural History provided technical support and funding. The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA, Forest Service (FS) also contributed funds for the workshop and for publication costs. Especially supportive of the workshop were Boyde Blackwell, Jordan Pederson, and Steve Cranney of the DWR and Bill Stroh, Harry Barber (yes, that is his real name), and Steve Madsen of the BLM. Brigham Young University (BYU) students Lori Tenney, April Young, Kevin Young, Wade Paskett, Marc Seid, Dana Shurtleff, and Scot Westwood gave logistic and technical help. Dr. Jerran T. Flinders and Dr. H. Duane Smith of BYU helped organize the workshop and the panel discussion about dogs and bears. Bob Ellis (DWR) and Julie Jensen (FS) supplied an impressive array of materials on public education and awareness. Dianna M. Black of the English Department at BYU provided layout and formatting advice and spent many hours with the especially difficult task of editing discussion transcriptions. We acknowledge Dr. Susan E. Meyer of the USDA–FS Intermountain Shrub Sciences Laboratory who generously shared office space and computer facilities and provided encouragement throughout the entire editing process. Marlae Rindisbacher of BYU Media Services is responsible for the delightful cartoons, and Josh Jenkins of the same department designed the cover layout. I (Black) thank my co-editor (Auger) for her skills at editing and designing this volume and for staying doggedly at the word processing chores. Surprisingly enough, at this job's completion we are still friends. vi PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH WESTERN BLACK BEAR WORKSHOP LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Ron Anglin Tim Burton Scott Davis Fred Holmshaw Oregon Fish and Wildlife California Fish and Game Utah Wildlife Resources McClintock Metal P.O. Box 59 6614 OLD Hwy 99 851 N. Church St. Fabricators Portland, OR 97207 Yreka, CA 96090 Layton, UT 84041 455 Harter Ave. Ph. (503) 229-5454 Ph. (916) 459-3164 Ph. (801) 546-0921 Woodland, CA 95776 FAX (503) 229-5969 FAX (916) 841-2551 Ph. (916) 666-6007 Teresa M. DeLorenzo FAX (916) 666-7071 Janene Auger David Cagle International Bear News Dept. of Zoology, BYU Arizona Game and Fish 10907 N.W. Copeland St. Dianne K. Ingram 574 Widtsoe Building HC66 Box 57201 Portland, OR 97229 USDI, Natl. Park Service P.O. Box 25255 Pinetop, AZ 85935 Ph. (503) 643-4008 Sequoia & Kings Canyon Provo, UT 84602-5255 Ph. (602) 367-4281 Three Rivers, CA 93271 Ph. (801) 378-2006 FAX (602) 367-1258 Helen Davis Ph. (209) 565-3124 FAX (801) 378-7499 Simon Fraser University FAX (209) 565-3497 Charles Canfield Dept. Biological Sciences Harry Barber 2818 S. Breeze Drive Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6 Donald Jones Bureau Land Management Magna, UT