DOCSLIB.ORG

Rubus Coreanus Miquel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rubus Coreanus Miquel 160 Culinary Science and Hospitality Research (October 2015) Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 160-170 Review on Anti-Cancer and Anti-Imflammatory Activity from Rubus coreanus Miquel You-Na Song1, Heon-Ok Lee1, Geon-Min Noh2, Haeng-ran Kim2, Jeong-Sook Choe and Ae-Son Om1¶ 1¶Laboratory of Food Safety and Toxicology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea 2Functional Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonbuk 565-851, Korea ABSTRACT: In accordance to the increasing number of death due to cancer and side effects of chemo- therapy, attention has recently focused on combined treatment of natural component and anti-tumor agent. Therefore development of safe and effective functional substances derived from natural materials is required. The emergence of various functional activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. is continuously increasing its consumption. To utilize the above activi- ties, many products developed by using Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts in the areas of foods, liquors, and cosmetics and medicines. In this review, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activity and patents of Rubus coreanus Miquel are summarized. Further studies are needed to search for development of functional material from natural origin and various application possibility using stem, leaf and fruit of Rubus coreanus Miquel. Keywords: Rubus coreanus Miquel, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, patent, review INTRODUCTION (Park EJ et al 2002). Therefore, interest in foods which have anti-cancer effects is continuously ris- In 2014, cancer is the number one cause of death ing(Peter B, Bernard L 2008). in Korea with 28.0%, where 149 of every hundred Furthermore, the reports of the correlation be- thousand people are dying from it and the death tween chronic inflammation and cancer sparked rate from cancer is continuously increasing(Jung et continuous research on dietary intervention to de- al 2015). Approximately 80～90% cause for cancer, crease inflammation reaction and then the risk of which is mainly caused by hereditary and environ- cancer(Aggarwal BB et al 2006). Inflammation is sup- mental factors, is known as radiation, virus, pro- pressed by the mechanism in which the activity of fessional carcinogen and food, smoking, drinking, nuclear factor-KB(NF-KB)is suppressed and in turn and other lifestyle factors(Kleinsmith LJ 2008; Kim SS decreased the production of inflammation related 1998). About one third of these cancer-causing fac- factors such as nitricoxide(NO) or prostaglandin E2 tors is preventative and decreases the risk of cancer (PGE2)(Sur YJ, Na HK 2008). The mechanism of many through food containing especially phytochemicals inflammation-suppressing substances with anti-in- ¶ Corresponding Author: Ae-Son Om, Laboratory of Food Safety & Toxicology, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, Tel. +82-10-3894-8255, Fax. +82-2-2220-1856, E-mail: aesonom@ hanyang.ac.kr Culinary Science and Hospitality Research, Volume 21, Number 5 161 flammatory effects is currently based on this theo- search, it showed that national production area in- ry(Jun YK et al 2012; Kim DH et al 2011; Lee HN et creased from 23.5 ha in 1998 to 3,368 ha in 2011 al 2011; Yoon TS et al 2010; Han JY et al 2009). and production increased greatly from 12,282 M/T Meanwhile, the most widely used cancer treat- in 2008 to 17,169 M/T in 2011. However, the reality ment is surgery, which is followed by radiation the- of the increase in consumption is usually in pro- rapy or chemotherapy to aid in cancer cell death cessed foods such as jam, beverages and alcoholic (Downs-Holmes C, Silverman P 2011). However, the beverages. Therefore, there is a need for a solution anti-cancer drugs used in chemotherapy are repor- search to apply it not only in processed foods but ted to not only killing cancer cells but healthy cells. as a naturally derived biologically active substan- They can cause side effects such as kidney toxicity, ce(Choi HS et al 2006). liver toxicity, hair loss, and loss of bone marrow This study organized the research results of R. cor- functions, etc(Links M, Lewis C 1999; Lewis C 1994). eanus’s medicinal properties, especially its anticancer Therefore, to decrease the anti-cancer drug side ef- and anti-inflammation function. Also, it is aimed to fects, a more safe and effective co-administration of be a base data for naturally derived biologically ac- natural substances is gaining attention(Xu Y et al tive substance development and application possi- 2012; Tokalov SV et al 2010; Cipk L et al 2003). bility search of R. coreanus product by analyzing ex- Rubus coreanus Miquel(R. coreanus), a type of rasp- isting patent application trend. berry, which is a member of the Rosaceae family, which has been used as medicine since the ancient Anti-cancer Activity of Rubus coreanus Miquel times and is known to have the most remedial effect Various study results of R. coreanus anti-cancer ef- in the berry family has been used medically since fects are shown in Table 1. ancient times. The flower blooms in May to June To find the prostate tumor growth inhibition ef- and in July to August, the fruit ripens into a red col- fects of R. coreanus, Baek EY et al(2009) studied to or and fully ripens into a black color. The unripen find the prostate tumor growth inhibition effects of fruit is what oriental medicine calls bokbunja(An YH, R. coreanus using prostate cancer cell strain PC-3 im- Kim YH 2007; Bae GH 2000; Jeong JS, Sin MK 1996). planted mice. All the mice were fed unripe or fully R. coreanus contains as its nutrients, carbohy- ripe fruits and their prostate tumor size significantly drates, proteins, fats and fibers(Cha HS et al 2007; decrease in both groups compared to those not fed Cho SH et al 2004). It is abundant in minerals such R. coreanus(p<0.05). Decrease in prostate tumor is as phosphorus, iron and calcium and is especially assumed to have resulted from R. coreanus activat- rich in organic acids and vitamin C. Additionally, it ing caspase-3, a main gene for cell death, leading is known to have phytochemicals, various vegetable to cell death process(Baek EY et al 2013). derived bioactive components, like anthocyanin, fla- Additionally, Kim Y et al(2012) reported that un- vonoid, tannin, quercetin and phenolic acid(Yoon I ripe R. coreanus and ethanol extracts of unripe fruit et al 2003; Kim MS et al 1997; Kim MS et al 1996; (EUR) suppresses the growth of androgen-depen- Pang KC et al 1996; Lee MW 1995; Lee YA 1995; Lee dent LNCaP cell and androgen-independent DU145 MW 1995). These substances result in R. coreanus to cell. As the result of EUR administration, the ex- have antioxidant and antibacterial effect, anticancer pression of the proliferating tumor cell markers and and anti-inflammatory effect, anaphylaxix suppre- cancer gene like proliferating cell nuclear antigen ssion effect, anti-angiogenesis effect, allergy related (PCNA) and cyclin D1 and CDK4, decreased. Its ef- illness treatment effect, hepatitis type B (HBV) sup- fects were greater in LNCaP, an androgen-depend- pression effect and other various biological activi- ent prostate cancer cell compared to androgen-in- ty(Jeon YH et al 2009; Kim S et al 2013; Park MC dependent DU145 cell. Furthermore, EUR increased et al 2007). pro-apoptotic protein(Bax) and decreased anti-apop- As biological activity of R. coreanus like these re- totic protein(Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) inducing mitochondria ceive attention, consumption has continuously in- mediated cell death. crease and according to National Statiscial Office re- Meanwhile, Choung MG, Lim JD(2012) examined 162 Review on Anti-Cancer and Anti-Imflammatory Activity from Rubus coreanus Miquel the suppressing effect of cell growth by anthocyanin results showed R. coreanus suppressed growth acti- fraction of Rubus coreanus, AFRC, in human cancer vity in AGS and Kato3 cells and induced high DNA cell strains: prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney damage effects. When 100 μg/mL of buthanol fr, and renal cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. The re- ethyl acetate fr. was treated in AGS, it showed high sults showed 50% suppression of cancer cell growth growth impediment at 77-87% and 46-60% growth in prostate cancer cell strain(LNCaP) and lung cancer impediment in Kato3. Furthermore, the result of cell strain(A549) was shown at the concentration of comet assay to observe DNA damage showed R. cor- 27.6 and 16.4 μg/mL, respectively. eanus extract treatment induced DNA damage in On the other hand, AFRC of leukemia, colorectal stomach cancer cells, especially in buthanol fr. It cancer, and kidney and renal cancer cell strains showed approximately 50% DNA damage within 1 showed cancer cell growth suppression did not oc- hour of treatment. cur at over approximately 500 μg/mL, thus conclud- In addition, Jeon YH et al(2009) studied if R. co- ing it did not have growth suppression effects. reanus ethanol and hot water extract had cancer cell Furthermore, when AFRC was processed in normal growth suppressing effect on human uterine cancer human liver cell strain 293, growth suppression was cells(HeLa) and liver cancer cells(Hep3B). In HeLa under 5%, implying high safety and stability on nor- cells, of 100, 200, 400, 600, 700 μg/assay R. coreanus mal cells. It can conclude that AFRC does not affect extract concentration, 700 μg/assay concentration normal cell growth and displays high anti-cancer ac- showed high growth suppression with over 65% tivity on specific cancer cell strains.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Relatives of Temperate Fruits) of the Book Series, "Wild Crop Relatives: Genetic, Genomic and Breeding Resources Ed C
    Volume 6 (Relatives of Temperate Fruits) of the book series, "Wild Crop Relatives: Genetic, Genomic and Breeding Resources ed C. Kole 2011 p179-197 9 Rubus J. Graham* and M. Woodhead Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The Rosaceae family consists of around 3, 000 species of which 500 belong to the genus Rubus. Ploidy levels range from diploid to dodecaploid with a genomic number of 7, and members can be difficult to classify into distinct species due to hybridization and apomixes. Species are distributed widely across Asia, Europe, North and South America with the center of diversity now considered to be in China, where there are 250-700 species of Rubus depending on the taxonomists. Rubus species are an important horticultural source of income and labor being produced for the fresh and processing markets for their health benefits. Blackberries and raspberries have a relatively short history of less than a century as cultivated crops that have been enhanced through plant breeding and they are only a few generations removed from their wild progenitor species. Rubus sp. are typically found as early colonizers of disturbed sites such as pastures, along forest edges, in forest clearings and along roadsides. Blackberries are typically much more tolerant of drought, flooding and high temperatures, while red raspberries are more tolerant of cold winters. Additionally, they exhibit vigorous vegetative reproduction by either tip layering or root suckering, permitting Rubus genotypes to cover large areas. The attractiveness of the fruits to frugivores, especially birds, means that seed dispersal can be widespread with the result that Rubus genotypes can very easily be spread to new sites and are very effective, high-speed invaders.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Sequencing and De Novo Assembly in Red Raspberry Fruit Development to Elucidates the Secondary Metabolite Pathways
    Journal of Berry Research 10 (2020) 497–511 497 DOI:10.3233/JBR-200552 IOS Press Research Report Transcriptome sequencing and de novo assembly in red raspberry fruit development to elucidates the secondary metabolite pathways Xiaojun Kanga, Wenxin Lia, Xuemei Zhangb, Yiwei Tangc, Zhilei Zhaod, Yuhong Gua,∗, Guohui Qib and Suping Guob aCollege of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China bCollege of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China cCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China dSchool of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China Received 3 March 2020; accepted 30 June 2020 Abstract. BACKGROUND: Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), known as “golden fruit”, has excellent potential for immune-regulation, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer due to its health-promoting secondary metabolites. The lack of genetic information in public databases has been a constraint for the genetic improvement of red raspberry. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the work was to find the key genes relating with the secondary metabolite pathways. METHODS: De novo assembly transcriptome sequencing of red raspberry (‘Heritage’ variety) fruit in different development stages was performed using an Illumina Hiseq platform. Transcriptome was obtained by the de novo assembly through Trinity assembler. Coding sequences were successfully characterized using databases including non-redundant protein (NR), euKaryotic Ortholog Groups of proteins (KOG), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript sequence per Million base pairs sequenced (FPKM) method was used to calculate the differentially expressed unigenes. RESULTS: In total, 205,880 unigenes with an average length of 1120 bp and an N50 of 2005 bp were obtained, of which 182,443 unigenes were annotated.
    [Show full text]
  • Bomen En Heesters Met Aantrekkelijke Bast of Takvorm
    E613_dendro_bin 01-10-2007 08:53 Pagina 31 Bomen en heesters met aantrekkelijke bast of takvorm Ir. M.H.A. Hoffman In de wintermaanden valt er in de meeste tuinen en plantsoenen weinig te beleven. Veel gewassen hebben immers hun sierwaarde in het voor- jaar, de zomer of de herfst. Naast een enkele winterbloeier zijn er ech- ter ook vrij veel gewassen die vanwe- ge hun stam en takken in de winter sierwaarde hebben. Meestal vanwege een opvallende kleur of structuur van de bast of vanwege bijzondere takvormen. Dit geeft een welkome meerwaarde aan de planten. Niet in het minst omdat de meeste bomen en heesters bijna de helft van de tijd van het jaar geen blad of bloemen dragen. Dit artikel geeft achtergron- den over dit onderwerp en een over- zicht van het sortiment. Onderzoek Functie van bast In het kader van het onderzoeksproject “Sorti- De bast van bomen en struiken bestaat uit twee ment en gebruikswaardeonderzoek houtige delen. De binnenste, onzichtbare, laag is levend. gewassen en vaste planten” is onderzoek gedaan Hier bevinden zich de bastvaten die zorgen voor naar het thema aantrekkelijke bast en takvormen transport van water en voedingsstoffen van bij bomen en struiken. De gegevens zijn ont- boven naar beneden. Dit binnenste deel van de leend aan literatuuronderzoek en eigen ervarin- bast groeit vanuit het cambium, een dunne laag gen en waarnemingen. Een deel van het sorti- actief delende cellen tussen bast en hout. Naar ment, vooral de meest aantrekkelijke, zijn buiten toe worden door het cambium nieuwe opgeplant in de sortimentstuin Harry van de bastcellen afgezet, naar binnen toe nieuwe hout- Laar in Boskoop.
    [Show full text]
  • Rubus Pharmacology: Antiquity to the Present Kim E
    Rubus Pharmacology: Antiquity to the Present Kim E. Hummer U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333 Additional index words. ancient and traditional, medicine, blackberries, raspberries, Rubus Abstract. The genus Rubus L., indigenous to six continents, includes blackberries, raspberries, and their hybrids and is commonly referred to as brambles or briers. Rubus species were a food and medicinal source for native peoples soon after the Ice Age. This short article presents only a sample of the wealth of historical reports of medicinal uses for Rubus. Brambles were documented in the writings of the ancient Greeks: Aeschylus, Hippocrates, Krataeus, Dioscorides, and Galen; Romans: Cato, Ovid, and Pliny the Elder; Asian medicinal traditions; traditional Chinese medicine; and the Ayurvedic tradition of India. Folk traditions of native peoples throughout the world have also applied Rubus for multiple medicinal uses. Although in modern times Rubus is grown for its delicious and vitamin-rich fruit for fresh and processed product consumption, the ancients used the whole plant and its parts. Stems, branches, roots, leaves, and flowers were used in decoctions, infusions, plasters, oil or wine extractions, and condensates. Decoctions of branches were applied to stop diarrhea, dye hair, prevent vaginal discharge, and as an antivenom for snakebites. Leaves were chewed to strengthen gums and plastered to constrain shingles, head scurf, prolapsed eyes, and hemorrhoids. Flowers triturated with oil reduced eye inflammations and cooled skin rashes; infusions with water or wine aided stomach ailments. Greeks and Romans recorded female applications, whereas the Chinese described uses in male disorders.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Transcriptomic Profiling of Fruit Development in Black Raspberry Rubus Coreanus
    Hindawi International Journal of Genomics Volume 2018, Article ID 8084032, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8084032 Research Article Transcriptomic Profiling of Fruit Development in Black Raspberry Rubus coreanus 1 1 1 1 2 3 Qing Chen , Xunju Liu , Yueyang Hu , Bo Sun , Yaodong Hu, Xiaorong Wang , 1 3 Haoru Tang , and Yan Wang 1College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China 2Science and Technology Management Division, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China 3Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yan Wang; [email protected] Received 6 September 2017; Revised 9 February 2018; Accepted 20 February 2018; Published 1 April 2018 Academic Editor: Marco Gerdol Copyright © 2018 Qing Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The wild Rubus species R. coreanus, which is widely distributed in southwest China, shows great promise as a genetic resource for breeding. One of its outstanding properties is adaptation to high temperature and humidity. To facilitate its use in selection and breeding programs, we assembled de novo 179,738,287 R. coreanus reads (125 bp in length) generated by RNA sequencing from fruits at three representative developmental stages. We also used the recently released draft genome of R. occidentalis to perform reference-guided assembly. We inferred a final 95,845-transcript reference for R. coreanus. Of these genetic resources, 66,597 (69.5%) were annotated.
    [Show full text]
  • Crosstalk of Multi-Omics Platforms with Plants Oftherapeutic Importance
    cells Review Crosstalk of Multi-Omics Platforms with Plants of Therapeutic Importance Deepu Pandita 1 , Anu Pandita 2, Shabir Hussain Wani 3 , Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen 4,*, Haifa A. Alyousef 4, Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki 5, Mohamed A. Al-Yafrasi 6, Fahed A. Al-Mana 6 and Hosam O. Elansary 6 1 Government Department of School Education, Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India; [email protected] 2 Vatsalya Clinic, Krishna Nagar, New Delhi 110051, Delhi, India; [email protected] 3 Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani Anantnag 192101, Jammu and Kashmir, India; [email protected] 4 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 5 Applied Studies and Community Service College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 6 Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (M.A.A.-Y.); [email protected] (F.A.A.-M.); [email protected] (H.O.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: From time immemorial, humans have exploited plants as a source of food and medicines. Citation: Pandita, D.; Pandita, A.; The World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded 21,000 plants with medicinal value out of Wani, S.H.; Abdelmohsen, S.A.M.; 300,000 species available worldwide. The promising modern “multi-omics” platforms and tools Alyousef, H.A.; Abdelbacki, A.M.M.; have been proven as functional platforms able to endow us with comprehensive knowledge of the Al-Yafrasi, M.A.; Al-Mana, F.A.; proteome, genome, transcriptome, and metabolome of medicinal plant systems so as to reveal the Elansary, H.O.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pennsylvania State University
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School HOME GARDENS AS AGROBIODIVERSITY SITES AMID AGRARIAN TRANSFORMATIONS IN JEJU, KOREA (1960–2016) A Dissertation in Geography by Yooinn Hong 2021 Yooinn Hong Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2021 The dissertation of Yooinn Hong was reviewed and approved by the following: Karl S. Zimmerer Professor of Geography Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Brian King Professor of Geography Erica A. H. Smithwick Professor of Geography Leland Glenna Professor of Rural Sociology Cynthia Brewer Professor of Geography Head of the Department of Geography ii ABSTRACT Geographic research has focused on identifying spaces of agrobiodiversity amid rural changes that may threaten continued cultivation and the future of farmer-based evolution. This dissertation investigates home gardens as important agrobiodiversity sites in rural Jeju, South Korea, where land and livelihoods have been fundamentally transformed over the past few decades as a result of widespread adoption of commercial cropping and livelihood diversification associated with agricultural modernization and tourism development. The dissertation draws upon and contributes to geographic literature in three broad areas: the environment–society geographical investigations of home gardens as agrobiodiversity sites, the political ecology investigation of the state’s role in agrarian development and modernization, and geographies of agrarian transformations, especially agricultural commercialization and livelihood diversification. The findings demonstrate how local people have re-configured home garden agrobiodiversity in response to agrarian changes. The research also tests several environment–society hypotheses currently under debate regarding factors influencing home garden cultivation practice and agrobiodiversity. Three broad sets of questions guide the dissertation’s research.
    [Show full text]
  • Rubus Occidentalis
    Choi et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2016) 16:202 DOI 10.1186/s12906-016-1192-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Rubus occidentalis alleviates hyperalgesia induced by repeated intramuscular injection of acidic saline in rats Geun Joo Choi1, Hyun Kang1*, Won Joong Kim3, Chong Wha Baek1, Yong Hun Jung1, Young Cheol Woo1 and Ji Wung Kwon2 Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) fruit extract (ROE) in a rat model of chronic muscle pain and examine the mechanisms involved. Methods: Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used, and chronic muscle pain was induced by two injections of acidic saline into one gastrocnemius muscle. For the first experiment, 50 rats were randomly assigned to five groups. After the development of hyperalgesia, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9 % saline or ROE (10, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg). For the second experiment, 70 rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline, yohimbine, dexmedetomidine, prazosin, atropine, mecamylamine, or naloxone after the development of hyperalgesia. Ten minutes later, ROE (300 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. For both experiments, the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was evaluated with von Frey filaments before the first acidic saline injection, 24 h after the second injection, and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 80, 100, and 120 min, 24 and 48 h after the drug administration. Results: Compared with the control group, the MWT significantly increased up to 45 min after injection of ROE 100 mg/kg and up to 60 min after injection of ROE 300 mg/kg, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Species and Communities in Poyang Lake, the Largest Freshwater Lake in China
    Collectanea Botanica 34: e004 enero-diciembre 2015 ISSN-L: 0010-0730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2015.v34.004 Plant species and communities in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China H.-F. WANG (王华锋)1, M.-X. REN (任明迅)2, J. LÓPEZ-PUJOL3, C. ROSS FRIEDMAN4, L. H. FRASER4 & G.-X. HUANG (黄国鲜)1 1 Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, CN-570228 Haikou, China 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, CN-570228 Haikou, China 3 Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), pg. del Migdia s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, CA-V2C 0C8 Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada Author for correspondence: H.-F. Wang ([email protected]) Editor: J. J. Aldasoro Received 13 July 2012; accepted 29 December 2014 Abstract PLANT SPECIES AND COMMUNITIES IN POYANG LAKE, THE LARGEST FRESHWATER LAKE IN CHINA.— Studying plant species richness and composition of a wetland is essential when estimating its ecological importance and ecosystem services, especially if a particular wetland is subjected to human disturbances. Poyang Lake, located in the middle reaches of Yangtze River (central China), constitutes the largest freshwater lake of the country. It harbours high biodiversity and provides important habitat for local wildlife. A dam that will maintain the water capacity in Poyang Lake is currently being planned. However, the local biodiversity and the likely effects of this dam on the biodiversity (especially on the endemic and rare plants) have not been thoroughly examined.
    [Show full text]
  • Multifaceted Effect of Rubus Occidentalis on Hyperglycemia and Hypercholesterolemia in Mice with Diet-Induced Metabolic Diseases
    nutrients Article Multifaceted Effect of Rubus Occidentalis on Hyperglycemia and Hypercholesterolemia in Mice with Diet-Induced Metabolic Diseases Jiyeon Kim 1, Jinho An 1, Heetae Lee 1, Kyungjae Kim 1, Su Jung Lee 2, Hye Ran Choi 2, Ji-Wung Kwon 2, Tae-Bum Lee 3, Youngcheon Song 1,* and Hyunseok Kong 4,* 1 College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (J.A.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (K.K.) 2 Berry & Biofood Research Institute, Jeonbuk 585-943, Korea; [email protected] (S.J.L.); [email protected] (H.R.C.); [email protected] (J.-W.K.) 3 Institute of natural cosmetic industry for namwon, Jeollabuk-do 55801, Korea; [email protected] 4 College of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-1603 (Y.S.); +82-2-3399-1876 (H.K.) Received: 26 October 2018; Accepted: 27 November 2018; Published: 1 December 2018 Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of several metabolic disorders, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. A simultaneous occurrence is one of the most crucial features of metabolic syndrome; therefore, we selected an animal model in which this would be reflected. We fed C57BL/6N mice a high-fat diet for 23 weeks to develop metabolic syndrome and examined the efficacy of Rubus occidentalis (RO) for hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Oral administration of RO for 16 weeks improved hyperglycemia as indicated by significantly decreased fasting glucose levels and a glucose tolerance test.
    [Show full text]
  • 28. RUBUS Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 1: 492. 1753. 悬钩子属 Xuan Gou Zi Shu Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-Ti); David E
    Flora of China 9: 195–285. 2003. 28. RUBUS Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 1: 492. 1753. 悬钩子属 xuan gou zi shu Lu Lingdi (陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); David E. Boufford Shrubs or subshrubs, deciduous, rarely evergreen or semievergreen, sometimes perennial creeping dwarf herbs. Stems erect, climbing, arching, or prostrate, glabrous or hairy, usually with prickles or bristles, sometimes with glandular hairs, rarely unarmed. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, palmately or pinnately compound, divided or undivided, toothed, glabrous or hairy, sometimes with glandular hairs, bristles, or glands; stipules persistent, ± adnate to petiole basally, undivided or occasionally lobed, persistent or caducous, near base of petiole or at junction of stem and petiole, free, usually dissected, occasionally entire. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual and plants dioecious, in cymose panicles, racemes, or corymbs, or several in clusters or solitary. Calyx expanded, some- times with a short, broad tube; sepals persistent, erect or reflexed, (4 or)5(–8). Petals usually 5, rarely more, occasionally absent, white, pink, or red, glabrous or hairy, margin entire, rarely premorse. Stamens numerous, sometimes few, inserted at mouth of hy- panthium; filaments filiform; anthers didymous. Carpels many, rarely few, inserted on convex torus, each carpel becoming a drupelet or drupaceous achene; locule 1; ovules 2, only 1 developing, collateral, pendulous; style filiform, subterminal, glabrous or hairy; stig- ma simple, capitate. Drupelets or drupaceous achenes aggregated on semispherical, conical, or cylindrical torus, forming an aggre- gate fruit, separating from torus and aggregate hollow, or adnate to torus and falling with torus attached at maturity and aggregate solid; seed pendulous, testa membranous; cotyledons plano-convex.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Plant Part, Extraction Method, and Harvest Time Over Antioxidant Yield of Rubus Coreanus Min Ju Lee, Ju Hee Nam, Jeong Ho Jeong1, Il Rae Rho2
    Pharmacogn. Mag. ORIGINAL ARTICLE A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products www.phcog.com | www.phcog.net Effect of Plant Part, Extraction Method, and Harvest Time over Antioxidant Yield of Rubus coreanus Min Ju Lee, Ju Hee Nam, Jeong Ho Jeong1, Il Rae Rho2 Division of Applied Life Science (Department of Agronomy), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 1Protected Horticulture Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Haman, 2Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea Submitted: 13-Dec-2019 Revised: 26-Dec-2019 Accepted: 17-Mar-2020 Published: 30-Nov-2020 ABSTRACT quercetin, which was three‑fold higher in leaves than in fruit juice. Background: Immature fruit of Rubus coreanus, also known as “Bokbunja” in Korea, have been used as traditional medicinal plant in East‑Asia. Although several studies have been conducted to the fruit composition of R. coreanus, research on the antioxidant composition of branch and leaves are limited. Objectives: We aimed to analyze the contents of five antioxidants in leaves and branches of R. coreanus using different extraction method. Materials and Methods: R. coreanus were cultivated at the research farm of the Gyeongsang National University. R. coreanus plants were harvested in May and July, and leaf and branch extracts were prepared using the ultrasonic bath and reflux extraction methods and analyzed using liquid chromatography‑tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The ultrasonic bath extraction method extracted 7.1 and 1.5 mg/100 g gallic acid from leaves and branches, respectively, whereas the reflux extraction method yielded 12.4 and 16.5 mg/100 g, respectively.
    [Show full text]