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1 Introduction Notes 1 Introduction 1. For examples of this, see Bob Cant and Susan Hemmings (eds.), Radi- cal Records: Thirty Years of Lesbian and Gay History (London, 1988); Hall Carpenter Archives Gay Men’s Oral History Group, Walking After Midnight: Gay Men’s Life Stories (London, 1989); Alkarim Jivani, It’s Not Unusual: A His- tory of Lesbian and Gay Britain in the Twentieth Century (London, 1997); National Lesbian and Gay Survey, Proust, Cole Porter, Michelangelo, Marc Almond and Me: Writings by Gay Men on Their Lives and Lifestyles (London, 1993); Tales From Out in the City: An Anthology of Memories (Manchester, 2009); Jeffrey Weeks and Kevin Porter (eds.), Between the Acts: Lives of Homosexual Men 1885–1967 (London, 1998). 2. Examples of some of the most prominent studies are as follows: H. Montgomery Hyde, The Other Love: An Historical and Contemporary Study of Homosexuality in Britain (London, 1970); Timothy d’Arch Smith, Love in Earnest: Some Notes on the Lives and Writings of English ‘Uranian’ Poets From 1889 to 1930 (London, 1970); Jeffrey Weeks, Coming Out: Homosexual Pol- itics in Britain From the Nineteenth Century to the Present (London, 1977); Jeffrey Weeks, Sex, Politics and Society: The Regulation of Sexuality Since 1800 (London, 1979); Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vicinus and George Chauncey Jr. (eds.), Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past (New York, 1989); Colin Spencer, Homosexuality A History (London, 1995); Patrick Higgins, Heterosexual Dictatorship: Male Homosexuality in Postwar Britain (London, 1996); Hugh David, On Queer Street: A Social History of British Homosexuality 1895–1995 (London, 1997); Jivani, It’s Not Unusual; Shaun Cole, ‘Don We Now Our Gay Apparel’ Gay Men’s Dress in the Twentieth Century (Oxford and New York, 2000); Frank Mort, Dangerous Sexualities: Medico-Moral Politics in England Since 1830 (London, 2000); Paul Baker, Polari – The Lost Language of Gay Men (London, 2002); Paul Baker and Jo Stanley, Hello Sailor! The Hidden History of Gay Life at Sea (London, 2003); H. G. Cocks, Nameless Offences: Homosexual Desire in the 19th Cen- tury (London and New York, 2003); Matt Cook, London and the Culture of Homosexuality 1885–1914 (Cambridge, 2003); Graham Robb, Strangers: Homosexual Love in the Nineteenth Century (London, 2003); Mark W. Turner, Backward Glances: Cruising the Queer Streets of New York and London (London, 2003); Sean Brady, Masculinity and Male Homosexuality in Britain, 1861–1913 (London, 2005); Matt Houlbrook, Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918–1957 (London and Chicago, 2005); Matt Houlbrook and Harry Cocks (eds.), The Modern History of Sexuality (London, 2005); Morris B. Kaplan, Sodom on the Thames: Sex, Love and Scandal in Wilde Times (New York, 2005); Florence Tamagne, History of Homosexuality in Europe: Berlin, London, Paris 1919–1939, Vol. I & II (New York, 2006); Matt Cook, 196 Notes 197 Robert Mills, Randolph Trumbach and H. G. Cocks, A Gay History of Britain: Love and Sex Between Men Since the Middle Ages (Oxford and Connecticut, 2007). 3. Here are examples of such, the majority of which were published after decriminalisation. In some cases (particularly Lehmann’s), these works combine fiction with autobiography: J. R. Ackerley, My Father and Myself (New York, 1999, first published 1968); Edward Carpenter, My Days and Dreams, Being Autobiographical Notes (London, 1916); Quentin Crisp, The Naked Civil Servant (London, 1996, first published 1968); Tom Driberg, Ruling Passions (London, 1991, first published 1977); Christopher Isherwood, Christopher and His Kind (Minneapolis, 2001, first published 1976); Christopher Isherwood, Lions and Shadows: An Education in the Twen- ties (Minneapolis, 2000, first published 1938); John Lehmann, In the Purely Pagan Sense (London, 1985, first published 1976); Paul Levy (ed.), The Letters of Lytton Strachey (London and New York, 2006); Stephen Spender, World Within World (London and Boston, 1991, first published 1951); Stephen Spender, Lara Feigel and John Sutherland (eds.), New Selected Journals, 1939–1995 (London and Boston, 2012); Peter Wildeblood, Against the Law (London, 1955). A notable exception to this middle-class dominance was Harry Daley, a London policeman who knew E. M. Forster, J. R. Ackerley, Duncan Grant and Raymond Mortimer, and moved in decidedly literary circles: Harry Daley, This Small Cloud (London, 1986). 4. Laura Doan, Disturbing Practices: History, Sexuality, and Women’s Experience of Modern War (Chicago, 2013). 5. Jeffrey Weeks, ‘Queer(y)ing the “Modern Homosexual” ’, Journal of British Studies, 51:3 (2012), pp. 523–539, 526. 6. Brian Lewis, ‘Introduction: British Queer History’, Journal of British Studies, 51:3 (2012), pp. 519–522, 520. 7. Weeks, ‘Queer(y)ing the “Modern Homosexual” ’, p. 523. 8. Chris Waters, ‘Distance and Desire in the New British Queer History’, GLQ A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 14:1 (2007), pp. 139–155, 139. 9. Ibid., pp. 142–143. 10. Ibid., p. 147. 11. Most studies assume that sexual preference is a category in itself, and enough to link men and their experiences to each other, thereby disregard- ing key issues such as class and region. 12. Laura Doan, ‘Review of Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918–57. By Matt Houlbrook’, Twentieth Century British History, 17:1 (2006), pp. 134–136, 135. Embedded quotes refer to Houlbrook, Queer London, p. 171. 13. Houlbrook, Queer London, p. 270. 14. George Chauncey, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World 1890–1940 (New York, 1994). 15. John Howard, Men Like That: A Southern Queer History (Chicago and London, 1999), p. xi. 16. Peter Boag, Same-Sex Affairs: Constructing and Controlling Homosexuality in the Pacific Northwest (California, 2003). 17. Chris Brickell, Mates and Lovers: A Gay History of New Zealand (Auckland and London, 2008). 198 Notes 18. Karen Harvey and Alexandra Shepard, ‘What Have Historians Done With Masculinity? Reflections on Five Centuries of British History, circa 1500– 1950’, Journal of British Studies, 44:2 (2005), pp. 274–280. 19. Although many of the following make reference to working-class men, the main focus remains firmly on the middle class: Lesley Hall, Hidden Anx- ieties: Male Sexuality. 1900–1950 (Cambridge, 1991); Martin Francis, The Flyer: British Culture and the Royal Airforce, 1939–1945 (Oxford, 2008); Frank Mort, Cultures of Consumption: Masculinities and Social Space in Late Twentieth Century London (London, 1996); Michael Roper and John Tosh (eds.), Manful Assertions: Masculinities in Britain Since 1800 (London, 1991); John Tosh, A Man’s Place: Masculinity and the Middle-Class Home in Victorian England (New Haven, Connecticut, and London, 1999); John Tosh, Manliness and Masculinities in Nineteenth-Century Britain (London, 2004). 20. John Tosh, ‘The History of Masculinity: An Outdated Concept?’ in John Arnold and Sean Brady (eds.), What Is Masculinity?: Historical Dynamics From Antiquity to the Contemporary World (London, 2011), p. 24. 21. Martin Francis, ‘The Domestication of the Male? Recent Research on Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century British Masculinity’, The Historical Journal, 45:3 (2002), p. 652. 22. Ibid., p. 25. 23. Brady, Masculinity and Male Homosexuality in Britain. 24. Cocks, Nameless Offences, pp. 157–198; H. G. Cocks, ‘Safeguarding Civility: Sodomy, Class and Moral Reform in Early Nineteenth-Century England’, Past and Present, 190 (February 2006), pp. 121–146. 25. Dave Russell, Looking North: Northern England and the National Imagination (Manchester, 2004), p. xii. 26. Helen M. Jewell, The North-South Divide: The Origins of Northern Conscious- ness in England (Manchester, 1994); Ian Taylor, Karen Evans and Penny Fraser, Global Change, Local Feeling and Everyday Life in the North of England: A Tale of Two Cities; A Study in Manchester and Sheffield (London, 1996); Frank Musgrove, The North of England: A History From Roman Times to the Present (Oxford, 1990); Russell, Looking North; Patrick Joyce, Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class, 1848–1914 (Cambridge, 1991); Dennis Smith, Conflict and Compromise: Class Formation in English Society 1830–1914: A Comparative Study of Birmingham and Sheffield (London, 1982). 27. J. B. Priestley, English Journey (London, 1984, first published 1934), pp. 371–375. 28. Mary Ellen Chase, In England Now (London, 1937); Robert Graves and Alan Hodge, The Long Week-End: A Social History of Great Britain, 1918–1939 (New York, 1963, first published 1941); J. L. Hodson, Our Two Englands (London, 1936); George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier (London, 1989, first published 1937). 29. Juliet Gardiner, The Thirties: An Intimate History (London, 2010), pp. 52–66. 30. Peter Gurney, ‘ “Intersex” and “Dirty Girls”: Mass-Observation and Working-Class Sexuality in England in the 1930s’, Journal of the History of Sexuality, 8:2 (1997), pp. 256–290, 257. 31. N. Dennis, F. Henriques and C. Slaughter, Coal Is Our Life: An Analysis of a Yorkshire Mining Community (London, 1969, first published 1956); W. Notes 199 Hannington, The Problem of the Distressed Areas (London, 1937); Pilgrim Trust, Men Without Work: A Report Made to the Pilgrim Trust (Cambridge, 1938); Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, Poverty, a Study of Town Life (London, 1901); Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, Poverty and Progress: A Second Social Survey of York (London, 1941); Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, Poverty and the Welfare State: A Third Social Survey of York Dealing Only With Economic Questions (London, 1951); St. Philips Education and Research Society, The Equipment of the Workers: An Enquiry by the St. Philip’s Settlement Education and Research Society Into the Adequacy of the Adult Manual Workers for the Discharge of Their Responsibilities as Heads of Household, Producers and Cit- izens (London, 1919); Ferdynand Zweig, Men in the Pits (London, 1948); Ferdynand Zweig, The Worker in an Affluent Society (London, 1961). 32. Jonathan Rose, The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes (New Haven, Connecticut and London, 2001). 33. Taylor et al., Global Change, Local Feeling and Everyday Life in the North of England, p.
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