sign in sign up
<<
Home , Ardmore (Atlanta), Atlanta History Center, Brookwood Hills, Buckhead, Buckhead Theatre, Buckhead Village

INTERPRETIVE PLANNING FOR VISITOR EDUCATION AND ENJOYMENT

BUCKHEAD

REIMAGINED HISTORIC SITES

REIMAGINED HISTORIC SITES THE PLANNING TEAM MASTER INTERPRETIVE PLAN

Signature Design Project Team Therese McKee Huffman project manager, lead planner & designer for Scott C. Neale exhibit consultant Elaine G. Swanger exhibit and signage consultant Russell Huffman mapping consultant BUCKHEAD Core Planning Team ,GA Erica Danylchak, buckhead heritage Hillary Hardwick, DECEMBER 2014 Denise Starling, livable buckhead, inc.

Steering Committee Ivan Allen IV, buckhead heritage Susan Barnard, author & historian Andrea Bennett, npu-b Dan Calvert, of atlanta department of parks and recreation Gordon Certain, civic association Boyd Coons, atlanta preservation center Allison Duncan, atlanta regional commission Jim Durrett, buckhead community improvement district Jo Ann Haden-Miller, atlanta convention and visitors bureau Henry Howell, peachtree battle alliance Nancy Jones, blue heron nature preserve Mark Karelson, mason murer fine art Thornton Kennedy, northside neighbor BUCKHEAD HERITAGE SOCIETY Calinda Lee, atlanta history center Wright Mitchell, buckhead heritage Major Funding for the Master Interpretive Plan Provided By: Ray Mock, conservancy The SunTrust Bank Trusteed Foundations: Nasir Muhammed, historian/black mecca of the south tours Florence C. and Harry L. English Memorial Fund Elon Osby, community advocate The Office of Atlanta City Council Member Yolanda Adrean Garth Peters, buckhead coalition The Office of Atlanta City Council Member Howard Shook Raul Pino, civic association The Buckhead Coalition Roxanne Smith, memorial park conservancy The Buckhead Community Improvement District Robin Suggs, simon properties/livable buckhead, inc. The Isdell Family Foundation Frank Troutman, memorial park conservancy The Cooper Family Foundation Chad Wright, buckhead heritage The Atlanta Preservation Center Doug Young, atlanta urban design commission Development Partners INTERPRETIVE CONCEPT > PARALLELS OF THE PAST 8 INTERPRETIVE MISSION > GOALS > BENEFITS 3

MISSION BENEFITS

Foster Create Contribute compelling opportunities to the health of the an for learning the history community by providing understanding and cultural values of encouragement to walk Buckhead to and within interpretive that Buckhead’s sites rich history Increase GOAL tourism and tourism Foster is worth Engage spending dollars in the a preservation ethic and exploring and community generate enthusiasts for urban explorers Buckhead Heritage’s preserving. in experiences that Integrate values and mission interpretive features educate, into the entertainment, Establish entertain, and shopping, and a base for Buckhead recreational activities Heritage’s sustainability cultivate an of the community to through revenue understanding of enhance personal generation from experience and memory programs, special Buckhead’s of this place, Buckhead events, and creative rich history. merchandising BACKGROUND > BRIEF HISTORY OF ACHIEVEMENTS 4 BACKGROUND > BUCKHEAD GREENSPACE ACTION PLAN 5

BUCKHEAD HERITAGE’S MISSION and Brief History of Achievements Planning Context: Buckhead Greenspace Action Plan Background

The Buckhead Heritage Society Buckhead Heritage Founding The Buckhead Master Interpretive Plan experience of the new network of parks, trails, and is a 501c3 non-profit that was President Wright Mitchell is an outgrowth of the 2010-2011 Buckhead greenspaces, further the community’s awareness of conducts a tour of the established in 2005 to sustain the Greenspace Action Plan. Championed by City Buckhead’s history, and position Buckhead to take rehabilitated Harmony Grove quality of life in Buckhead by identifying, Councilman Howard Shook, the Greenspace Cemetery. Photograph courtesy advantage of the State of Georgia’s fastest growing preserving, and promoting its historic of Tim Small. Action Plan was precipitated by a need to tourism industry segment—Heritage Tourism. resources. The organization endeavors identify strategic ways to add greenspace to The Buckhead Collection vision, therefore, to foster a conscious respect within Atlanta City Council District 7, which had been recommended that cultural and historic sites the community for its rich and diverse identified as the lowest parked district in the be physically connected and integrated into the history, ensuring that Buckhead’s historic City of Atlanta. The consultant group AECOM greenspace system wherever possible through land resources are accommodated in future developed the Greenspace Action Plan with the acquisition, public access easements, bikeways, growth and secured for the benefit of the input of a Steering Committee composed of and trails, and that significant Buckhead stories community. 2009 The Society began developing Buckhead Heritage successfully prevent- representatives from the Buckhead Coalition, the and events be interpreted and communicated 2007 For its first project, the organiza- and hosting educational programs related ed a developer from removing the graves Buckhead Community Improvement District, throughout the system. tion began an extensive rehabilitation of to Buckhead’s historical events, historic at Mt. Olive Cemetery, the last remnant Livable Buckhead, the City of Atlanta the historically significant Harmony Grove architecture, and historic landscapes to of an African American community locat- Department of Parks and Recreation, as Cemetery at the corner of West Paces foster a greater awareness of the commu- ed where Frankie Allen Park is today. The well as representatives from Buckhead Ferry Road and Chatham Road. In 2009, nity’s past. By 2014, over 4,200 people site was at risk because few people knew schools, churches, neighborhoods, the organization received the Excellence had attended the organization’s lectures, of its existence. The Society is currently commercial businesses, and the arts and in Rehabilitation Award from the Georgia walking tours, and other events. The So- rehabilitating this .22 acre site. It should historic preservation communities, including Trust for Historic Preservation for its work ciety’s future educational events should be included in the interpretive program representatives from Buckhead Heritage. at the site. The cemetery now serves integrate into the proposed interpretive to raise widespread awareness of its Together the group formulated a vision— the community as passive greenspace, program. significance. known as the Buckhead Collection—for which is embedded with late nineteenth 2009 The Society also began conduct- 2014 Buckhead Heritage installed an interconnected network of parks, trails, and early twentieth century history. This ing its Oral History Project to preserve “Buckhead: Our Story,” a permanent plazas and greenspaces serving the social, site should be included in the proposed personal recollections of the community’s exhibit of images chronicling the evo- economic, mobility, and environmental interpretive program set forth in this history and evolution. The organization lution of the Buckhead community at needs of Buckhead residents, workers, and document. provides full transcripts and select video the . The exhibit was visitors. The goal is to add over 100 acres of 2008 Buckhead Heritage launched its excerpts of the interviews on its website. based upon a photographic retrospective new greenspace to the district and for every View of the battlefield of Peach Tree Creek, 1864, formal membership program and currently Video excerpts of poignant and interest- presented at the organization’s 2013 Buckhead resident to have access to greenspace by George N. Barnard, Library of Congress Prints counts over 500 members. ing first-hand stories should be integrated fundraiser—Buckhead’s 175th Anniver- within ½ mile of their home. and Photographs Division. into the digital component of the pro- sary Celebration. During the community engagement process for posed interpretive program. the Greenspace Action Plan, stakeholders identified While Livable Buckhead, Inc. was tasked with 2010 The Society has also various opportunities that would serve to enrich overseeing the overall implementation of the advocated for the protection Buckhead Heritage the experience of the greenspace system, leverage Greenspace Action Plan, Buckhead Heritage board members and preservation of historic a variety of funding sources, foster economic committed to being a long-term partner in the Wright Mitchell, resources in the community Tamara Bazzle, development, and ensure the success of the District development and implementation of the history in danger of being lost. and Chad Wright 7 greenspace system. Stakeholders agreed that component of the Buckhead Collection project, participate in a integrating Buckhead’s cultural and historical including the creation of a Master Interpretive Plan workday at Mt. Olive assets into the greenspace system would enrich the for the community. Buckhead Heritage hosts a Civil War Cemetery Living History Demonstration at . BACKGROUND > BUCKHEAD GREENSPACE ACTION PLAN 6 BACKGROUND > BUCKHEAD GREENSPACE ACTION PLAN 7

LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE INTERPRETIVE PLAN

The Buckhead Collection t h e b u c k h e a d c o l l e c t i o n Cultural + historical resources Vision During the Buckhead Greenspace Action The Cultural and Historical The Cultural and Historical Site Interpretation Strategies Plan process, Buckhead Heritage worked with Resources Vision set forth in the consultants from AECOM to create a database of Buckhead Collection Buckhead Collection Report. Executive Summary identified historic resources in the community, A Greenspace Vision for Council District 7 + Buckhead CID which included those buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places or those designated as local Landmark buildings as well as sites commemorated by Georgia Historical heritage sites; and sites by Markers. These resources were mapped using neighborhood including

GIS software to try to reveal where culturally or Guiding Principles Peachtree Heights West, historically significant buildings or sites could • Cultural and historic sites should be physically connected and integrated into the Greenspace system wherever , and the North possible through land acquisition, public access easements, bikeways, and trails. be interpreted or integrated into the system of • Cultural and historic resources and events should be interpreted and communicated throughout the Greenspace Buckhead area. system to “tell significant Buckhead stories” such as civil war battles, rural agriculture, natural systems and/or greenspace envisioned. This endeavor made it other stories through physical/interpretive design, interpretive signage, exhibits, public art, and digital media. After the interpretive clear that a more comprehensive historic resources planning process commenced, survey was necessary to genuinely understand Buckhead Heritage and the DRAFT the community’s built environment and how it Atlanta Regional Commission reflects the history and historical development of outreach to select local neighborhood realized a need to better understand the Modern D C i Buckhead. associationsAD and civic groups to learn about architecture existing along the Peachtree khe C Bu historic buildings and sites residents considered Road corridor. Allison Duncan, Principal During 2012, in anticipation of creating a The survey database provided by the Atlanta Urban +

7 e Vision for CT AC Master Interpretive Plan for the community, significant.ri Neighborhoods where existing Planner at the Atlanta Regional Commission, Design Commission as a significant foundation, T

Buckhead Heritage compiled an inventory of Buckhead Heritage then conducted additional historicalC il Dis information was scant, such as the subsequently stewarded a building-by-building historic buildings and sites in Buckhead—in both research at local repositories, carried out a partial North Greensp A Coun Buckhead area, were specifically targeted. survey of Peachtree Road within the Buckhead City Council District 7 and District 8. Using a windshield survey, and conducted community Buckhead68 Heritage distributed response cards boundaries. The survey documents buildings requesting information about historic sites and constructed between 1940 and 1990; it provides A Note on Geographic Scope associated stories. Buckhead Heritage also asked year built, builder, architect, and style along with residents to identify the location of important photographic documentation for each building. Recognizing that Buckhead has significant historic resources sites on a base map. This document will serve as a significant both inside and outside the boundaries of Atlanta City Council The result of the above work was an foundation for developing interpretation related District 7, the geographic scope of the Master Interpretive Excel spreadsheet with over 650 resources, to Peachtree Road and the “reimagined” Plan project extends beyond that initially envisioned by the with associated location information, date of architecture of Buckhead. Buckhead Collection. The geographic scope includes the significance, theme based on National Register During the initial inventory process, community of Buckhead as defined by the Atlanta Regional areas of significance, architect if applicable, Buckhead Heritage also began creating subject Commission which is that portion of north Atlanta bounded by abbreviated historical information, and sources files of reference materials related to key historic the city limits/DeKalb County line on the east; the city limits of more information. The Atlanta Regional buildings and sites in the area as well as creating a line on the north; the city limits/Cobb County line on the west; Commission subsequently provided technical library of essential books with information about and the from the to assistance to the Buckhead Heritage Society to Buckhead’s history. During the outreach process, Interstate 75, Interstate 75 to , and Interstate 85 generate select GIS maps using the compiled the organization also identified potential key to DeKalb County on the south. These boundaries correspond inventory of historic resources. Maps included stakeholders to involve in the development of the to the geographic purview of Buckhead Heritage. exploration/settlement sites; military sites; ethnic Master Interpretive Plan. WHAT IS INTERPRETIATION? > CREATING AN INTERPRETIVE PROGRAM 8 WHAT IS INTERPRETIATION? > CREATING AN INTERPRETIVE PROGRAM 9

WHAT IS INTERPRETATION? Why Create an Interpretive Program? What is an Interpretive Plan?

Interpretation tells the In its publication, Interpretive Planning Tools for Heritage Areas, Historic An interpretive plan is a management It is created through a collaborative process involving story of a place, conveying Trails and Gateways, the defines the following document that outlines and guides management, interpretive specialists, subject matter specialists, key elements of interpretation: and community stakeholders. It provides both a conceptual a fuller appreciation and decisions about interpretive programming framework for the interpretive program and sets forth an action understanding of its • Interpretation is communication that is specifically designed at a specific site or throughout a heritage plan that outlines how to implement the interpretive plan. The cultural landscape to reveal underlying meaning to the visitor through first-hand area or community. useful lifetime of any interpretive plan is about ten years. and its history. involvement with an object, a landscape, a natural feature, or a site. • Interpretation helps people to connect intellectually, emotionally, or spiritually with the ideas, beliefs, and values embodied in our world. • Interpretation is based on facts, but reveals what an object, place, THE PLANNING PROCESS

feature or event means and why it matters – why it is relevant. PHASE ONE PHASE FIVE SYNTHESIS INFORMATION GATHERING Make amendments to the program Rather than being based Conduct Steering Committee interviews based on comments received during on academic structures, to engage key stakeholders in the presentations and review meetings. historic interpretation process and help focus attention on essential messages and opportunities. is generally presented Project Schedule in non-traditional ways Phase 1: Start of Project 1. Initial Meeting 1 Week 09/09/13 to 09/13/13 2. Questionnaires for Stakeholders 1 Week 09/16/13 to 09/20/13 3. Stakeholders Interviews 1 Week 09/23/13 to 09/27/13 outside of classrooms, 4. Synopsis of Interviews 1 Week 09/30/13 to 10/04/13 PHASE THREE MAPPING This drawing and the intellectual property it represents are the sole property of DeNyse Companies, Inc.; no portion of it may be reproduced, created, or used for pricing without written permission. Colors & Finishes Phase 2: Analysis 1. Core Team Meeting 1 Week 10/07/13 to 11/01/13 Create a map of Buckhead showing Colors shown here may not exactly match manufacturers color chart swatch or actual sample. within the cultural Client to either provide samples or specifications for custom colors prior to production or approve 2. Tasks 3 Weeks 10/14/13 to 10/31/13 DeNyse color samples or color specifications 3. Client Review 1 Week 11/04/13 to 11/08/13 4. Revision and Delivery of Report 1 Week 11/11/13 to 11/15/13 the distribution of themes and landscape of a place. C1 Corten Steel Phase 3: Interpretive Site Map 1. Tasks 4 Weeks 11/18/13 to 12/13/13 subthemes and related tangible 1.800.941.7446 Construction Specifications 2. Core Team Meeting 1 Week 12/16/13 to 12/19/13 www.denyseco.com 3. Client Review 1 Week 12/20/13 to 12/31/13 resources. 4. Revision and Delivery of Documents 1 Week 01/06/14 to 01/10/13 A 1/2’’ thick Steel Plate Graphic Flat Cut Out with Rusted Corten Patina © Copyright 2014 All designs and drawings are Phase 4: Strategies the sole property of DeNyse Companies, Inc., PHASE SIX ACTION PLAN and may not be reproduced, published, changed 1 .Tasks 5 Weeks 01/13/14 to 02/14/14 or used in any way without written permission 2. Core Team Meeting 1 Week 02/17/14 to 02/21/14 and consent. In addition, all ideas, contents of proposals, and all specifications of any project 3. Client Review 1 Week 02/24/14 to 02/28/14 entered into with DeNyse Companies, Inc. are 4. Revision and Delivery of Documents 1 Week 03/03/14 to 03/07/14 Outline a phasing strategy, define potential all rights reserved. The described information 5. Stakeholder Meeting 1 Week 03/10/14 to 03/14/14 may not be used in securing price comparisons. PHASE FOUR DESIGN Violators will be prosecuted to the full extent of partnerships, and estimate future program the law. Prepare samples of concepts for 15” Management Company PHASE TWO ANALYSIS costs for implementing interpretive 1/2” signage, displays, and art/sculpture that N/A strategies at specific identified sites. • Craft interpretive mission and goal Property Name & Address demonstrate approaches to telling the Atlanta Buckhead statements. interpretive stories throughout • Conduct an audience analysis and the geographic scope. Bid Number establish categories of targeted visitor 63767 A C1 groups and experience goals for each Project Manager Jeffery Beilfuss

category. 15” Designer • Review information materials WJB* Date provided by Buckhead Heritage as well 7.28.2014

as Steering Committee interviews and Revision Date 8.7.2014 wjb translate into an interpretive matrix of 0 themes and subthemes.

Front Scale: 1:4 Overall Figure Design Time Scale: NTS 1

Customer Approval

Filename Corten Sample 1 v2

Concept Preliminary Production

Corten Steel Sample 1 PHASE ONE > INFORMATION GATHERING 10 PHASE TWO > ANALYSIS 11

PHASE 1 INFORMATION GATHERING PHASE 2 ANALYSIS Steering Committee Interviews Visitor Groups and Goals

Buckhead Heritage Signature Design In developing an interpretive plan to present them are heading to Buckhead. Many come for solicited the participation of 27 individuals conducted a series of five small focus group the heritage of the Buckhead community, it is shopping and nightlife. Buckhead has an estimated representing various interests in the community, discussions based on a questionnaire that was important to assess the types of interpretive users 1,400 retail outlets and over 300 dining places. including non-profit organizations, local distributed to participants. Recordings and who are in and around Buckhead, or those who Significantly, 40% of the expenditures in Buckhead conservancies, neighborhood associations, and transcripts of the discussions were made that visit the region for business or recreation. These are made by people visiting from 100 miles away historians, to serve on a Steering Committee served, and will continue to serve, as valuable groups are, in fact, the audience. Developing or more. Others, however, may come to visit the for the Buckhead Master Interpretive Plan. The project archives. a cohesive audience experience requires an Atlanta History Center, the Governor’s Mansion, committee also included representatives from understanding of why different groups of people or Atlanta’s largest park—Chastain Park. They may A New York news strategically important city-wide organizations, photographer in visit Buckhead and what sorts of details about the also be enticed to drive through the community’s including the Atlanta Regional Commission, the Georgia, 1947, Bill region most interest them. historic neighborhoods of stately homes. Atlanta Urban Design Commission, the Atlanta Wilson Photographs, Convention and Visitors Bureau, and the City of Courtesy of the With this approach in mind, the following “40% of the expenditures in Buckhead are made Kenan Research Atlanta Department of Parks and Recreation. by people visiting from 100 miles away or more” Center at the Atlanta outlines some of the recent visitor trends in and History Center. around the Atlanta Metro Region. Interestingly, heritage tourism is becoming one of the most popular segments of the overall tourism industry. ACCESSIBILITY QUESTIONNAIRE

ATLANTA TOURISM Buckhead is easily accessible from Atlanta and Hartsfield-Jackson International Today the City of Atlanta boasts an estimated Airport as well as from the surrounding Metro population of 443,775. Meanwhile, according to Region. Buckhead is served by three limited-access What do you want people to know about Buckhead? the Atlanta Convention & Visitors Bureau, there is highways, two federal highways, and five state an influx of roughly 42.3 million US residents to highways. From the south (Central Downtown What are the myths and misconceptions about the community Atlanta each year, with nearly 32 million coming and the airport), visitors can access Buckhead via you want dispelled? primarily for leisure purposes. In addition, the 1-75 or I-85 as well as US 19, US 41, GA 9, GA US Census Bureau reports 712,000 international 401, or GA 403. From the northwest (Marietta, visitors to Atlanta in 2010. The city, which is etc.), visitors can access the area via I-75 or US 41, What are your fondest memories of the community? home to the fourth largest convention center in GA 3 or GA 401. From the north (Sandy Springs, the , also attracts significant numbers Roswell, etc.), visitors can arrive via GA 400, of convention-going visitors. US 19 or GA 9. From the northeast (Chamblee, What are specific opportunities—in terms of physical sites— Doraville, etc.), visitors can access Buckhead via to incorporate historic interpretation in Buckhead? “Nearly 32 million tourists come to Atlanta I-85 or GA 141. each year for leisure purposes” In addition, Buckhead is served by 2 MARTA rail In terms of tourists, of the 92,000 hotel rooms lines, 3 MARTA stations including the Buckhead in the Atlanta metro region, Buckhead housed Station, the Lenox Station, and the Lindbergh 9 percent of the room supply in 2007 and 14 Station, and 9 MARTA bus routes. Buckhead is percent of the revenue share. In short, people also home to Atlanta’s only AMTRAK train station. are coming to Atlanta, and a good number of PHASE TWO > ANALYSIS 12 PHASE TWO > VISITOR GROUPS AND GOALS 13

HERITAGE TOURISM groups will also take advantage of interpretation Buckhead Guidebook, there are roughly 16,000 • Atlanta Metro Residents throughout Buckhead, one of the goals of the students enrolled in the 19 local public and Those who live within the City of Atlanta, but not Currently the many stories of historic Buckhead interpretive plan is to position the area as being private schools. Buckhead is also home to 34 in Buckhead itself. are not highlighted and made accessible to rich not just in personal wealth and beauty but churches or synagogues, including the Catholic • Domestic and International Heritage Tourists visitors, though Buckhead is teeming with a also in historical stories and cultural heritage to Cathedral of the Archdiocese for North Georgia Visitors from outside a community who are wealth of history and cultural heritage that is ideal appeal to as many outside groups as possible. (Christ the King); the third largest United interested in the historical and cultural heritage for the fastest growing tourism segment: cultural Methodist congregation in Georgia (Peachtree offerings of a community or region, and who and heritage tourism. It’s not just about seeing Heritage tourists are a unique group among Road U.M.C.); and one of the nation’s largest will travel to cultural environments to experience historical buildings or watching reenactments of travelers. They aren’t interested purely in Episcopal congregations (St. Philip). distinctive lifestyles, traditions and events. epic battles anymore. Instead, heritage tourism is entertainment or adventure. Instead, they are • Business Groups & Conventioneers based on the notion that communities have their generally older and seeking a more sophisticated Local residents will have opportunities to delve Atlanta’s thriving convention trade brings casual own stories, culture and histories that transcend experience that explores sites in search of into local community stories in different ways, visitors to Buckhead with both intellectual simple placards that mark a place of importance. authenticity. But the visitor experience is not often while enjoying many of the places they curiosity and money to spend. The US Department of Commerce defines this limited to merely interpretive sites; heritage already frequent, such as Golf type of tourist as, “… having participated in one tourists tend to spend more money to experience Course, Chastain Park, Blue Heron Nature • Garden Clubs and Master Gardeners Those with an interest in horticulture, and or more of the following activities: art gallery/ a wider range of activities. One survey featured Preserve or even . museum, concert/play/musical, cultural heritage in the Heritage Tourism Handbook: a how-to guide especially unique residential gardens or the cultural landscape of historic neighborhoods. sites, ethnic heritage sites, American Indian for Georgia concludes that, “visitors to historic PROPOSED VISITOR GROUPS AND GOALS community, historical places, and national parks.” and cultural sites spend about $62 more per day • Atlanta and Buckhead Schools and Summer Camps than other visitors. They tend to spend money There are various groups who enjoy different Those school and summer camp groups looking According to the Georgia Department of Natural on antiques, art, gourmet food, wine, health food, aspects of heritage tourism. Defining these groups for outdoor informal learning experiences within Resources, Historic Preservation Division, “In and outdoor experiences such as biking, hiking, helps to focus the goals of an interpretive plan to Buckhead. Kids have the opportunity to engage in Georgia, tourism is the state’s second largest canoeing, and bird watching.” Among the most meet the experience needs of different visitors. physical activities such as walking trails or partake industry and heritage tourism is its fastest-growing popular outdoor recreational activities, according in educational topics like Civil War history. segment. Georgia is among the top 10 states to a 2008 study, are • Buckhead Residents • Committed Social/Service Clubs in the country in heritage tourism visitation. walking, biking and visiting historic sites. Those who live in Buckhead, either with deep Includes groups such as The Buckhead Fifty Club, More travelers than ever are walking the historic family roots in the community or those who Buckhead Optimist Club, the Buckhead Business streets of Savannah . . . visiting the remnants of BUCKHEAD DEMOGRAPHICS recently settled in the area. Association, Buckhead Kiwanis Club, and various Native American culture . . . exploring antebellum neighborhood associations. plantations . . . learning about the Civil Rights Many interpretive users will hail from outside • Recreationists/Walkers A primary audience for the Buckhead • Faith-based Groups Movement . . . and discovering agricultural history of Buckhead and the greater Atlanta area, but interpretive plan, these are people seeking an Mostly senior groups associated with Atlanta Metro around the state.” Buckhead boasts a significant population that outdoor experience, possibly at Chastain Park area churches interested in part-day outings related should be targeted as well. Approximately 80,000 or Blue Heron Nature Preserve. They also enjoy to area history/heritage. Potential for educational people live in Buckhead, which encompasses walking for exercise. outings for youth and young adults as well. Buckhead has many of these elements, including 28-square miles. With that number of residents, historic estates that served—and continue to Buckhead is larger than all but eleven in the serve—as cornerstones of the community, and state of Georgia. Meanwhile, the community’s that have archives of Civil War history literally in daytime population swells to about 140,000 their back yards. While local residents and school with its incoming work force. According to the PHASE TWO > VISITOR GROUPS AND GOALS 14 PHASE TWO > VISITOR GROUPS AND GOALS 15

Domestic and International Heritage Tourists Atlanta and Buckhead Schools and Summer Camps GOALS FOR USER EXPERIENCES affective Visitors will feel as if they are stepping affective Visitors will be surprised that history back through history as they travel throughout happened so close to home and that Buckhead These different experience goals Buckhead to historic neighborhoods, battlefield offers a “historical playground” where fascinating are defined in three categories, known as the areas and shopping meccas developed during the stories can be discovered. “A B-C’s” of planning: boom years after WWII. behavioral Visitors will want to visit more

behavioral Visitors will be introduced to Buckhead’s interpretive sites within the community with their • AFFECTIVE story by historic buildings and the landscapes that families and friends so that they can discover more What the experience makes visitors feel have evolved in distinctive ways because of the stories. during and after their visit rich history of the community. They will want to cognitive Visitors will learn that there are many explore additional historic sites and combine their sites that offer new experiences within Buckhead, • BEHAVIORAL visit with a trip to the Atlanta History Center. featuring history and cultural heritage. They will What actions the experience inspires visitors cognitive Visitors will gain an understanding of also realize that “history is not boring.” to take during and after their visit how the Buckhead community formed and has evolved over time, and why it is an important part Committed Social/Service Clubs COGNITIVE of the and the region. affective Visitors will feel a sense of pride in What messages the experience presents Buckhead and experience a sense of connectedness to visitors for their interpretation Business Groups & Conventioneers to the region.

affective Visitors will feel that it was worth the behavioral Visitors will explore sites and visit and are pleasantly surprised to discover the interpretation to learn more about the area. richness & diversity of the sites. They will support the conservation and historic

behavorial Visitors will want to take pictures, blog, preservation in the region, and they will encourage GOALS AS APPLIED TO USER GROUPS: take selfies and send “postcards from Atlanta” others to visit and support the area as well.

talking about their visit. cognitive Visitors will learn new details about

cognitive Visitors will experience a broadening of Buckhead through interpretive signage and Buckhead and Atlanta Metro Residents Recreationists/Walkers understanding of Atlanta history, well beyond the personal experiences. They will gain a deeper affective Visitors will appreciate Buckhead’s sights affective Visitors will enjoy being surprised by the Civil War and General Sherman. understanding of the importance of preserving this and experiences and be surprised by the history history this region has to offer. They will gain a place for future generations. this region has to offer. They will gain a sense of sense of connection to historical events and can Garden Clubs and Master Gardeners connection to Buckhead and will want to learn imagine themselves transported back in time as affective Visitors will feel an affinity toward Faith-based Groups more about the history of this region. they walk through history. Buckhead’s beautiful historic gardens and affective Visitors will gain a sense of connection behavioral Visitors will seek out new experiences behavioral Visitors will seek out new experiences architecture. to Buckhead and its varied religious practices— and places in Buckhead. They will want to share and places in Buckhead, and they will explore behavioral Visitors will look for opportunities including African American places of worship. what they’ve learned about the region and interpretation as a way to gain a better to contribute and volunteer in Buckhead’s behavioral Visitors will want to learn more about support conservation and historic preservation understanding of the area. They will bring friends greenspace initiative and connect their clubs to preserving the cultural heritage connected with efforts. and encourage others to respect existing historical the activities of heritage and conservation groups. churches and volunteer for special activities and cognitive Visitors will learn that this region is rich sites. They will also support conservation and cognitive Visitors will use Buckhead as an community-building events. in history and cultural heritage, and they will historic preservation efforts. educational field trip where members can learn cognitive Visitors will explore the different sites of learn which groups are protecting the area and its cognitive Visitors will learn that this region is rich about gardening; the development of historic churches and cemeteries and learn that diverse rich history. in history and cultural heritage, and they will landscapes and gardens; and best practices for the religious congregations have had a significant know which groups are responsible for protecting rehabilitation of historic landscapes. impact on the evolution of the community. the area that supports their favorite places. MILLBROOK DRIVE PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE MATRIX 16 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE MATRIX 17

TALL PINES DRIVE

ANGELO COURT

PHASE 3 INTERPRETIVE MATRIX WHITEWATER TRAIL EPPINGTON DRIVE BARBARA LANE B1 Mt. Paran and Northside Park DRIVE JETTRIDGE BRYN MAWR LANE CLUB VALLEY DRIVE SWIMS VALLEY DRIVE SOMERSET DRIVE The Themes and the Interpretive Storyline Site Map COCHRAN DRIVE DILBECK PLACE HARRIS VALLEY ROAD C2 SegregatedWEST WIEUCA ROAD almshouses;

HARRIS TRAIL PARAN PLACE STELLA DRIVE WIEUCA ROAD POOL ROAD Golf Course desegregation CLUB DRIVE SWATHMORE DRIVE E1/E5 CARTER DRIVE NORTHSIDE CHASE C4 WEST CLUB DRIVE SENTINEL VIEW JETT ROAD Mayson Park SENTINEL POST ROAD Monroe's Reimagined Landscape/ B3 Old indian village CORONADO DRIVE

North Fulton Park. SKYLAND DRIVE LORIDANS DRIVE EAST BROOKHAVEN DRIVE East Brookhaven and Lakehaven Park WICKERSHAM DRIVE Chastain Memorial Park MIDVALE DRIVE

BLANTON ROAD CHATEAUGAY DRIVETREE HAVEN LANE HARRIS GLEN LORIDANS CIRCLE Davidson and Lakehaven Park EAST CONWAY DRIVE DYKES DRIVE A3 Rural history DAVIDSONfarming AVENUE GARMON ROAD MOUNT PARAN ROAD A2 Stevens Mill Club Drive Park WEST CLUB LANE CRAFTING BUCKHEAD’S LAKE FORREST LANE "Lowry-Stevens Cemetery" Individual or small group interviews with Steering CARMAIN DRIVE EXETER CLOSE /Native Americans; E. Club and Lakehaven Park HILLSIDE DRIVE POWERS FERRY ROAD EAST CLUB LANE MUSKET RIDGE RANDALL COURT

ROSWELL ROAD NatureLAKE FORREST DRIVE Preserve as Detention MOUNTAIN WAY INTERLOCHEN DRIVE GLENGARY DRIVE INTERPRETIVE THEMES Pond for Development BEVERLY LANE HARROGATE DRIVE Hillside at Northside Drive Park Herrington Estate Committee members were subsequently conducted CONWAY VALLEY ROAD TUXEDO PLACE E1 DANUBE ROAD PARAN PINES DRIVEPARAN Brookhaven B3 Civil War B2/B3HERRINGTON DRIVE ROSE GATE DRIVE WIEUCA TRACE Historic District STATEWOOD ROAD E5 The project team from Signature Design NORTHSIDE DRIVE A3 Farmland LAKEMOORE DRIVE PARAN TRAIL to solicit feedback on the themes and storyline Mt. Paran Rd. at Cave Rd. Triangle D3 Moonshine PeachtreeARDEN WAY Gardens ANDOVER DRIVE BROADLAND ROAD NORTH STRATFORDSTOVALL TERRACE ROAD

Little Nancy Creek Park. HAVERHILL DRIVE HAVERHILL

CAVE ROAD WEST CONWAY DRIVE NORTHSIDE PARKWAY D2 PINELAND ROAD A2 Eidson Mill reviewed the responses from phase one as well MOUNT PARAN ROAD moonshine caves LAUREL DRIVE C2 Convict Camp EMMA LANE NORTH IVY ROAD CLUB DRIVE MOUNT PARAN ROAD Broadland and West Conway Park LAND O LAKES DRIVE E3 Brookhaven Country Club site map developed. Site visits and interviews with NORTHGATE DRIVE LAUREL FOREST CIRCLE E1 Wiley Moore Estate I-75 KING ROAD E3 (GS) Emma Lane GA 400 BEECHWOOD DRIVE as information materials provided by Buckhead SHELDON DRIVE WHITTINGTON DRIVE E1 PARIAN RIDGE ROAD Moore Clubhouse site representatives were also conducted at Lenox TUXEDO ROAD TUXEDO TERRACE B2 PUTNAM CIRCLE IVY ROAD

VERMONT ROAD BELLAIRE DRIVE FAIRFIELD ROAD k 400 STOVALL e B6 Civil War RANDALL RIDGE ROAD e BLACKLAND ROAD PUTNAM DRIVE IVY PLACE Heritage including the organization’s historic A2 Randall Mill r C WIEUCA TERRACE CASTLEGATE DRIVE y BUCKINGHAM CIRCLE IVY PARKWAY Square, Blue Heron Nature Preserve, Chastain Old Paces c PEACHTREE DUNWOODY ROAD A2 PACES RIDGE an A3 LOVETTE LANE PACES FERRY ROAD N GA 400 Vermont Road Park Ferry Road VALLEY ROAD resources inventory, and the study of the visitor 75 E4 Sardis Church & Cemetery OLD IVY ROAD NARMORE DRIVE DUMBARTON COURT IVY TRAIL North Buckhead Park LONGLEAF DRIVE

Park, Bobby Jones Clubhouse/Memorial Park, and CLOUDLAND DRIVE IVY CHASE WAY A At the Buck’s Head REGENCY ROAD Wieuca RoadCANTRELL ROAD BLACKLAND DRIVE OLD IVY LANE B5 groups and goals, to create an Interpretive Matrix NORTHSIDE PARKWAY E4 Baptist Church GARRAUX ROAD PHIPPS DRIVE Ranier Circle ALLISON DRIVE PARK AVENUE the Department of Watershed Management’s site at Chattahoochee River Paces Ferry UMC and CemeteryRANDALL MILL ROAD E1 E4 FOXCROFT ROAD HONOUR AVENUE IVY CHASE EULALIA ROAD PHIPPS BOULEVARD of themes and sub-themes to present to local TUXEDO PARK B Crossroads of History GARRAUX PLACE d BUCKHEAD LOOP E2/E5 Alexander Plaza

a

PACES PLACE DUMBARTON ROAD HADDON HALL ROAD o STRATFORD ROAD

the Chattahoochee River and Peachtree Creek (the R (Alexander Estate/

ROSWELL ROAD

l ANN STREETl PACES FOREST ROAD D3:Thunder Road

RANIER DRIVE NANCY CREEK RIDGE West e AlexanderPRICHARD WAY Gallery/) Pac w Benton Place Garden es F KARLAND DRIVEs d interest groups as well as visitors. erry o oa

WEST PACES FERRY ROAD Ro R htre e R ad eac ROXBORO ROAD former site of /Fort Peachtree). KNOLLWOOD DRIVE P A2 Earthenware Factory KINGSBORO ROAD

PACES VALLEY ROAD TUXEDO ROAD Valley Road and Habersham Park C Buckhead in Black and White VALLEY ROAD LENOX PARKWAY Lenox Square RIVERLY ROAD Future Moonshine E1/E2 Tower Place RILMAN ROAD ALBERTA DRIVE Johnson Town I-75 N PINE MEADOW ROAD WEST SHADOWLAWN AVENUE C3 a BOCAGE WALK E1/E2/E5 WRIGHT AVENUE nc MONTANA ROAD Woodhaven Estate/ Still Exhibit y VALLEY CIRCLE OLD PLANTATION ROAD Cre E1 D1 Ottley kidnapping/Little disappearance ek Tuxedo Park Future IVANHOE DRIVE W E3 Town Club E6 EAST PACES FERRY ROAD PINE RIDGE ROAD es HIGHLAND DRIVE E6 t MATHIESON DRIVE d Buckhead Pa CHATHAM ROAD a Future Race Relations ces Fe Road Ro Rolader Pottery rry e FERNCLIFF PLACE D Page Turners WOODHAVEN ROAD tre CHATEAU DRIVE Tullie Smith Buckhead h FERNCLIFF ROAD

WEST ANDREWS DRIVE ANDREWS WEST EAST ANDREWS DRIVE c PINESTREAM ROAD A2 Harmony Grove Cemetery Swan House a E5 Fritz Orr camp Pe A3 Theatre MAPLE DRIVE Working with the core planning team, Signature & Harmony Grove C2WEST ANDREWS DRIVE A AT THE BUCK’S HEAD WOOD VALLEY ROAD E1/E3 A3 and Garden & MARTINA DRIVE Congregational Church Peachtree Road United PIEDMONT ROAD WESTON PLACE Quarry Garden E4

ANDREWS COURT CANTER ROAD Moores Mill-Northside Pkwy Triangle CIRCLE PARK NORTHSIDE DRIVE D2 B2 E4 IRBY AVENUE E5 VERDUN DRIVE Goodrum House E1 Methodist Church CLARENDALE DRIVE MARNE DRIVE PLYMSTOCK LANE WEST WESLEY ROAD Sanders Memorial Baptist Church Turning Point: B6 E5 D3 sheet factory E Buckhead Reimagined Design created a map of Buckhead showing NORTHSIDE PARKWAY ARDEN ROAD Peachtree Highlands- C3 ROAD ROXBORO WEST B CROSSROADS OF HISTORY & black neighborhood The American B3 EAST PACES FERRY ROAD DALE DRIVE CRANE ROAD E. PineARGONNE DRIVE Valley and W. Pine Valley Park A3/A1 ARDEN MOOR SLATON DRIVE E2 Mornington Circle Civil War Exhibit HistoricPEACHTREE District DRIVE 400 NANCY CREEK ROAD Open-air ROXBORO DRIVE RIVERMEADE DRIVE DRIVE East HABERSHAMAndrews ROAD and Roswell Park BUCKHEAD AVENUE the distribution of storylines and related tangible E5 E1 Buckhead Library LENOX ROAD WESLEY WALK Crossing of two theatre E1 LEE CIRCLE RILMAN ROAD Frontier Cabin BuckheadPHARR ROAD Triangle A2 Mt. Olive CemeteryTIMM VALLEY ROAD C BUCKHEAD IN BLACK AND WHITE mill roads EDINBORO ROAD C1 EAST PINE VALLEY ROAD ROXBORO POINT Irby MurderB4 BAGLEYC3 STREET RIDGEWOOD ROAD & former MacedoniaBURKE ROAD Park d WESLEY PLACE a BONVIEW LANE resources, although a few only survive through o New Hope AME Church R E2 MILMAR DRIVE Frankie Allen Park B5 ll PEACHTREE AVENUE i & Cemetery Peachtree Heights Park

HARDMAN COURT BURKE ROAD

ROCKINGHAM DRIVE SEQUOYAH DRIVESEQUOYAH M HOWELL MILL ROAD s HABERSHAM WAY NORWICH CIRCLE PARKWOOD LANE e Historic District DELMONTE1 DRIVE Bagley Park/Buckhead Baseball. WYNGATE E5 PAGE TURNERS I-75 r Castlewood Triangle D o NORTH HILLS DRIVE o Piedmont Road Triangle WESLEY PARKWAY NAWENCH DRIVE WEST ROAD photographs. The map is color-coded to relate M VERNON ROAD ANDREWS DRIVE MORNINGTON DRIVE E1 Gallogly crime spree EDISON GARDEN I-75 CASTLEWOOD DRIVE DARLINGTON ROAD ARDEN CLOSE CHEROKEE ROAD D1 GRANDVIEWE1AVENUE DARLINGTON CIRCLE

Rumson Road Circle PLACELOOKOUT BUCKHEAD REIMAGINED B6 Fort Peachtree D3 Mary Elizabeth Tyler House West Wesley Park Darlington Circle Park E VIVIAN LANE to the five overarching themes developed and Garden Hills RAMSGATE RUMSON ROAD PINE TREESunnybrook DRIVE ATWOOD Park ROAD Historic District Pinetree and Brentwood Park B6 Civil War

B3 NORMANDY DRIVE Standing Peachtree NORTHSIDE DRIVE Shady Valley Park B1 WEST WESLEY ROAD Woodward Way Park MIAMI CIRCLE C3 CANTERBURYPiney ROADGrove DAWN VIEW LANE E4 Jesus Junction EAST WESLEYRumson ROAD and Pinetree Park BOHLER COURT SHADY VALLEY DRIVE HABERSHAM ROAD KENLOCK PLACE numerically coded to correspond to the sub- BOLLING ROAD Cemetery A2 Guess House ABINGTON COURT Garden Hills Park RIDGEMORE ROAD and Mill Pond A2 Montgomery’s Ferry D3 Durant PEACHTREEMansion WAY ARDEN ROAD DOVER ROAD Birchwood-Arlene Triangle Moore's Mill PEACHTREE BATTLE AVENUE WESTOVER DRIVE themes. A2 P DOBBS CIRCLE e a LENOX POINTE Defoor murder CANTERBURY ROAD D1 c PARKSIDE DRIVE I-85 h SHARONDALE DRIVE Piedmont Drive-In B6 Civil War DEMOREST AVENUE Alexander Park Haynes Manor Park PEACHTREE ROAD

DuckWINSLOW DRIVE Pond/ t Road Peachtree ree C TELALEE LANE PINE TREE ROAD r B2 MANOR RIDGE DRIVE E1 MOROSGO DRIVE E5 Mooney's Lake

e WAY FORREST E5 Peachtree Heights East CHANTILLY DRIVE e MOROSGO WAY

RIVERS ROAD k Howell's Mill; Pottery Center AVENUE ACORN 85

BOHLER ROAD A2 WESLEY DRIVE D1 LINDBERGH DRIVE Peachtree Battle Parkway Civil War murder story E5 BadmintonLINDBERGH PLAZA S/C Court SPRINGDALE DRIVE EAST DRIVE I-75 D1 Refoule murder/Foster's Woolen Mill E1 C4 Covenant Presbyterian Church RIDGELAND WAY EUREKA DRIVE SAGAMORE DRIVE D3 PALMOUR DRIVE NORTHCLIFFE DRIVE HURST DRIVE DEAN DRIVE RIADA DRIVE E4

ALTON ROAD ALTON Hiram Evans House ROANOKE AVENUE Tennyson Circle E1 Bicentennial Forest DRIVE DELLWOOD E1 Peachtree Heights Park WOODLEY DRIVE NACOOCHEE DRIVE JUNCTION AVENUE GARSON DRIVEDAN LANE PEACHTREE

ADINA DRIVE ADINA Beaverbrook Park MONTVIEW DRIVE E5 Fred's FruitPEACHTREE Stand HILLS AVENUE LONGWOOD DRIVE WOODWARD WAY Northcliffe and Brookview Park MOBILE AVENUE BEAVERBROOK DRIVE Memorial Park Park BISCAYNE DRIVE WILSON ROAD LAKESHORE DRIVE Howell Mill at BeaverbrookBELVEDERE ParkDRIVE HOWELL MILL ROAD GLENBROOK DRIVE NORTHSIDE DRIVE B6

Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek PLACE FAIRHAVEN CIRCLE B3 Howell Mill at Glenbrook Park COLONIAL HOMES DRIVE

STEPHEN LONG DRIVE BROOKVIEW DRIVE Peachtree Creek WADSWORTH DRIVE SPRINGLAKEMcKinley-Wilson PLACE Circle Bobby Jones Golf Course ARMOUR CIRCLE MCKINLEY ROAD E1/E5 BRIDLE PATH OVERBROOKand DRIVE Bitsy Grant Tennis Center NORFLEET ROAD BENNETT STREET

REDLAND ROAD PLASTER AVENUE Collier's Mill/CollierSPALDING STREET Estate C3 COLLIER ROAD LORING DRIVE Mason Chapel Baptist Church Springlake Park DRIVE DELLWOOD Ellsworth Park d STREET MAYSON a I-75 A2 o R ARMOUR DRIVE Tanyard Creek Park e e BRIGHTON ROAD E1/E2 Armour Drive District Spring Valley Park r CHANNING DRIVE t h CAMDEN ROAD c SPRING VALLEY ROAD B6 a e

GREYSTONE ROAD P WAKEFIELD DRIVE

EMERY STREET EMERY I-75 Civil War: ROADBattle of Peachtree Creek 85 COLLAND DRIVE ANJACO ROAD

75 FOREST TRAIL Channing Valley Park Ardmore28TH STREET Park UPTON ROAD B6 ECHOTA DRIVE Civil War MARTA RAILWAY ARDMORE PLACE WALTHALL DRIVE

Historic District HUNTINGTON ROAD Tanyard Creek Urban Forest I-75 E1 ALDEN AVENUE26TH STREET WOODCRESTAVENUE B5 I-75 25th Street Beauty Spot 25TH STREET I-85

I-85

I-85 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 18 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 19

DESIGN CHALLENGES AND GOALS BUCKHEAD’S INTERPRETIVE THEMES AND SUBTHEMES Major Theme A: At the Buck’s Head • To provide navigation in a complex array of possible destinations theme overview: buckhead was established near A.1: WHERE IS BUCKHEAD? A2: HARNESSING THE WATERWAYS: PIONEERS A3: RURAL LIFE TRANSFORMED Where is Buckhead? It depends on who you ask. OF COMMERCE & AFFLUENCE What began as an agrarian region became the site the current crossroads of peachtree, roswell, • There is a different “boundary” of Buckhead for Buckhead’s pioneers of commerce and industry of country retreats for wealthy Atlantans beginning and west paces ferry roads where a general To help guests see parallels from the past residents with deep family roots in the community harnessed the power of the region’s iconic natural in the 1890s. The community then began to boom store was built by henry irby ca. 1838. the • and for residents and businesses who have recently resource--the waterways--to establish and grow with the extension of the trolley to Buckhead in name buckhead is short for the phrase, “see ya moved in. Historically, “Buckhead” referred their businesses. Pottery factories: Red clay along 1907 and the subsequent advent of the automobile. To imply information rather than at th’ buck’s head,” referring to the head of a to the business district surrounding Peachtree, the creeks enabled Buckhead to become a major Bit by bit, farms and large estates were sub-divided portraying through lengthy text buck that was mounted on a stake in the vicinity Roswell, and West Paces Ferry Roads. However, pottery region during the late 1800s. The Brown, to build large-scale, planned neighborhoods. • the boundaries have formally expanded over time, Cofield and Rolader operations were family- Meanwhile, a concentration of small family-owned of the general store. it became a common To engage guests in a memorable way fueled particularly by growing business interests. owned-and-operated enterprises established along enterprises developed a business core at West Paces meeting place for travelers heading to market the area’s waterways. Mills: Changes in elevation Ferry, Peachtree, and Roswell roads in the late 19th • in atlanta. meanwhile, farther flung enterprises along rivers and creeks allowed entrepreneurial and early 20th centuries. As Buckhead grew, the need To mix history into a contemporary landscape fueled the growth of the cross-roads core. pioneers, including Clark Howell, Thomas Moore, for services grew. The community of Buckhead was • and William Stephens, to establish lumber and annexed into the City of Atlanta in 1952 as part of To represent the passage of time in a visual way grist mills in the area. Ferries: Meanwhile, to Mayor William Hartsfield’s Plan of Improvement. facilitate trade, pioneers like James Montgomery This offered both entities mutual advantages. • View of the northwest of West and established ferries to traverse the To use tactile information to communicate Paces Ferry and Roswell roads, ca. 1910s. waterways and carry goods and people to market. Watercolor of Buckhead ca. 1850, by Wilbur G. Kurtz, Image courtesy of Heritage Sandy Springs and help make a durable connection Artist, 1949. Image courtesy of the Kenan Research Center • at the Atlanta History Center To connect interpretive elements with a program of special icons and standards View of the T.J. Dumas grocery store, ca. 1920. Image courtesy of Heritage Sandy Springs.

View of shops on Peachtree Road in the Buckhead Village, 1948, Adolph Rosenburg Photographs, Courtesy of the Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center.

THIS PAGE FOLDS OUT PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 20 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 21

BUCKHEAD’S INTERPRETIVE THEMES AND SUBTHEMES Major Theme B: Crossroads of History

theme overview: buckhead has several “histories”: their impact on civil war strategies/outcomes. B4: TRANSFORMATION BY TROLLEY Much more than the railroad, the surface trolley native americans, pioneer families, wars, The very large Peachtree Creek watershed continues to be studied for ways to manage water between Buckhead and was a reinvention. modes of travel and the layout of as concentrations of homes, parking areas, and major influence on the expansion of Buckhead road and waterways have played an important roadways have put pressure on capacity along Peachtree Road. People were then able part in the evolution of the community and in the basin. Whereas, historically, developments Aerial view of the I-85/I-75 split at Brookwood when the to commute from downtown to the Buckhead highways were under construction. 1959, Bill Wilson Photographs, have influenced significant events in the region. grew near the waterways to harness the resource, ‘burbs more easily. Planned neighborhoods were Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. buckhead, which began as a small cross-roads now the creeks are often a challenge for the developed, particularly along the Peachtree Road exists of a deep history of Native Americans corridor, and the community expanded north community, has persisted as a crossroads of community due to the potential for significant flooding. inhabiting the Standing Peachtree site according and south from its core. historical events, economic growth, and cultural to an archaeological dig near the confluence of diversity. B3: THE PEACHTREE TRAIL AND the Chattahoochee River and Peachtree Creek. B5: CROSSROADS OF NEW ROADS NATIVE AMERICANS Evidence has been found at the site from the AND HIGHWAYS B1: HISTORY IN THE ROADS Native Americans traveled by a system of trails Archaic Period (8000-6000 BC); and written Even more than the trolley, the automobile The names of the roads tell both a cartographic around the Buckhead region to Native American documentation evidences the more recent Creek and the roadways built to accommodate it and developmental story of Buckhead. West sites settled near sources of water. Evidence Nation occupation of the site. shaped the layout and land use patterns of Wesley Road, for instance, runs east-west, along Peachtree Road was an Indian trail–the suburban Buckhead and fueled both population original land lot lines, through property that Human Head Effigy Peachtree Trail–that ran along the Chattahoochee and business growth. Land for Lenox Square, had been part of the estate of pioneer Wesley Jar, late Mississippian Culture,1350-1550. Ridge from Toccoa in northeast Georgia to for example, was chosen based on the major Gray Collier. Road names often represent a Courtesy of Nelson today’s Buckhead village, where it split. One roadways in the area that allowed for easy access “Who’s Who” of pioneers and early influencers Atkins Museum branch continued west to Standing Peachtree, by many different streets, and future highways in Buckhead. Road names also reveal the of Art while another stretched to Five Points in including Hwy I-75 & I-85, and later GA400. community’s intense connection with today’s downtown Atlanta, which was a meeting Buckhead is now the terminus of the Hospitality its waterways. For instance, Howell place for Indian tribes. The Indians created the Highway (GA 400) that connects seven Mill Road crosses Peachtree Creek infrastructure for today’s Atlanta before white destinations and has become the center of the where there was a mill, while settlers arrived. The Creeks then lived in harmony metro district as a result of its position within the Paces Ferry Road snakes toward and conflict with early settlers prior to the Creek region’s roadway system. the Chattahoochee River where session of land in 1821. there was once a ferry launch. Plan for the B2: WATER CROSSINGS subdivision of The history of the Peachtree Heights Park (1915 revision) Chattahoochee River, Peachtree stretching alongside Creek, and Nancy Creek includes the Peachtree Road stories of positive impacts for and the new trolley settlement and commerce, but also stories line. of obstacles/deterrents due to the need to cross/overcome the waterways, which includes PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 22 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 23

BUCKHEAD’S INTERPRETIVE THEMES AND SUBTHEMES Major Theme C: Buckhead in Black and White

Union leather cartridge B6.3: THE CIVIL WAR theme overview: residents of buckhead have between expanding white neighborhoods. beginning box with strap. The War was fought in Buckhead’s back yard, literally. not always been predominately white and upper in the 1940s, however, the african american compartments inside the Buckhead’s hilly topography and network of class. in fact, the region had a slave population population began to decline as residents were cartridge box held 40 waterways affected military strategy and the rounds of ammunition. who became landowners and residents after displaced for redevelopment and as african Courtesy of Museum of outcome of battle. Union forces crossed the emancipation. throughout its history, the american neighborhoods on the west side of the Confederacy. Chattahoochee River on their way to Atlanta at four locations, including near Pace’s Ferry where community has been home to residents of all atlanta developed and efficient bus routes were there was “spirited skirmishing.” Meanwhile, economic strata--debunking the myth that created that allowed domestics to commute to the Union forces marching down Power’s Ferry buckhead was just “rich and white.” buckhead area. Road encountered opposition at Nancy Creek. buckhead like most southern communities in B6: HISTORY IN in the early 20th century, buckhead attracted , Union forces also encountered opposition by YOUR BACKYARD black residents who found employment the 20th century, struggled with racial overlap. Confederates at Green Bone Creek, a Buckhead’s land is a bit of opportunities in the community, primarily buckhead even became a center of kkk activities. of Peachtree Creek. The seminal Battle of a paradox… it is, in part, an with affluent white families. small african however, in the mid-20th century buckhead was Peachtree Creek, which resulted in nearly affluent suburban region of american enclaves that provided both a sense of the area with the first integrated public golf 5,000 casualties, took place primarily at today’s , historic houses with mani- Memorial Park and Tanyard Creek Park. People still independence and protection, were interspersed course in atlanta. cured lawns, but a closer look reveals the war and find cannon balls and other artifacts from battle. strife that took place in those back yards. Home on Railroad Avenue in , Buckhead is still in 1981, Historic American contact with the past Building Survey. B6.2: “THE BEFORE WARS” through the rich The Civil War was not the only war that had Plat of Macedonia history of its an influence on the region. Fort Peachtree Park, an original land. was erected during the as a buffer African American between the Creeks at Standing Peachtree who neighborhood in Buckhead, circa had sided with the British and nearby white Collection of letters written by Union 1921. settlers who were U.S. citizens. Fort Peachtree, soldiers. which was built in 1814, also facilitated the movement of supplies to the front. Fort Peachtree was the first white settlement, albeit a temporary one, in today’s Atlanta. Photograph of female farm work- ers, Fitzgerald, Confederate soldier’s Ben Hill County, personal sewing kits Georgia, between were frequently made by soldier’s wives and 1896 and 1898, carried as a talisman of Vanishing Georgia, home. Southern Museum Georgia Archives, of Civil War and Replica of part of Fort Peachtree built University System Locomotive History. in commemoration of the Bicentennial. of Georgia. PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 24 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 25

C2: DUALITY OF HISTORY American institutions. These neighborhoods Separate white and black facilities populated had to contend with the KKK in the early 20th Buckhead during the Jim Crow era. The white century. And they were later removed primarily and black almshouses at today’s Chastain Park, for public works or transportation projects and for instance, visually convey the duality of formerly tight-knit neighbors dispersed across history in Atlanta. Meanwhile, Harmony Grove Atlanta. Cemetery has visually distinctive burial sections

which highlight the community’s segregated, and C4: INTEGRATION unequal, past. During the 1960s, Atlanta integrated relatively peacefully compared to other southern cities as a C3: AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE result of savvy maneuvering by the city’s political New Hope A.M.E. Church on Arden Road IN BUCKHEAD and business leaders and cooperation between the Unidentified During the 20th century, Buckhead became individuals in C1: UP FROM SLAVERY white and black power structures. For example, home to several small, socially interconnected, Macedonia in the After the Civil War, former slaves in Buckhead through behind-the-scenes compromise and neighborhoods including Johnsontown and 1920s and 1930s. established homes in the area and institutions political adeptness, North Fulton Golf Course This neighborhood Macedonia. Some of the residents had fled to advance themselves. In some cases, former became the first public golf course integrated in was located where the Atlanta race riots or Forsyth County slave owners deeded land to their former slaves. the city of Atlanta and it was done quietly and Frankie Allen Park lynchings. Most had come pursing employment is today. For example, in 1872, James H. Smith, a white without incident. opportunities with affluent white families in the Buckhead farmer and former slave owner, willed community, while a few became entrepreneurs three acres of his land on Arden Road for use offering services to their neighbors. Most of these as a church and school for . enclaves had their own church and their own The New Hope A.M.E. Church was established; cemetery; they helped fuel the growth of African many of the original congregation members were recently emancipated slaves, many of whom (left), which was formerly continued to work as farm laborers in the area. the white Fulton County Almshouse; The The New Hope congregation still worships in a Chastain Arts Center (right), which was formerly church on Arden Road today. the black almshouse for the county. Both are located on Wieuca Road.

Unidentified African-American woman in the vicinity of Irby Avenue. Note the Cotton Exchange Building in the distance, right. This building was used for the Klan for the manufacture of its robes and paraphenalia. Image courtesy of Heritage Sandy Springs. PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 26 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 27

BUCKHEAD’S INTERPRETIVE THEMES AND SUBTHEMES Major Theme D: Page Turners

theme overview buckhead has had its share of unsavory stories, including unsolved murders, moonshine D3: THE KKK CAME BACK operations, and the resurrection of the kkk. these Following the conviction and lynching attention-grabbers can be explored against the of in 1915 and the anti- backdrop of the other contextual storylines. Semitic fervor the trial fueled, D2: MOONSHINE AND and amidst the national debate on PROHIBITION D1: MURDERS, KIDNAPPINGS, AND prohibition, the KKK was revitalized; Georgia adopted statewide DISAPPEARANCES Buckhead became a pivotal site of In the summer of 1879, Martin prohibition in 1908 and its operations. Several key players and Susan DeFoor, two early Buckhead, still largely rural in the Frank case had estates in Buckhead settlers and the operators at the time, became the site of Buckhead, which became the scene of DeFoors Ferry, were murdered on of mob violence. Later, the KKK moonshine operations, including in protected the outskirts of the sparsely populated headquarters was established on caves on what is now Cave Road. Meanwhile, Aerial view of KKK headquarters community. The suspected culprits Peachtree Road in Buckhead. two former saloon keepers established a grist mill at 2699 Peachtree Road, 1922, were two tramps but the murder was built two homesHiram for himselfEvans, theon Peachtreegrand wizard, on Roswell Road, just as alcohol was outlawed. Courtesy of Atlanta Time Machine. never solved. In 1933, John K. Ottley, Battle Avenue, while one of the membership With a spring and creek on the property and the president of First National Bank, was Photo bottom left: Martin DeFoor coordinators who profited from the growth corn fields all around, were these gentlemen of the organization built a grand mansion on kidnapped from the front of his estate with his wife, Susan Tabor DeFoor. doing something illegal? Roswell Road itself Howell Mill Road. The organization’s robes on Peachtree Road and held for ransom. became known as Thunder Road serving Photo bottom middle: Georgia were even manufactured in their “Sheet He was returned within a day, but the case moonshine runners traveling from Dawsonville Revenue agents with a captured Factory” on Roswell Road. made national headlines, for Ottley was one still in South Georgia, 1922, to Downtown to deliver alcohol to speakeasies. of Atlanta’s power brokers and the victim of Vanishing Georgia, Georgia Archives, Atlanta’s first executive kidnapping. University System of Georgia. PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 28 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 29

BUCKHEAD’S INTERPRETIVE THEMES AND SUBTHEMES Major Theme E: Buckhead Reimagined

Lenox Square, 1960s theme overview buckhead, as a community, has a developed and notable architects contributed stately commissions to the community. As the long history that stretches back over 175 years. community attracted more businesses and over the course of its long history, buckhead residents after WWII, mid-century Modern has repeatedly transformed itself. its built architecture exploded, particularly along the environment and landscape have changed, but Peachtree Corridor. Lenox Square’s modern there are still remnants from different periods aesthetic significantly influenced subsequent that help tell the stories of its architectural, development. Landscape gardeners like Buckhead. Ten years later, Phipps Plaza William Monroe, as well as local garden clubs, opened as the first multi-level mall in commercial, religious, and social history at significantly contributed to the developing Atlanta and positioned itself as a luxury various stages in their evolution. aesthetic of Buckhead as well. shopping destination. In the 1980s, the downtown became an entertainment E1. ARCHITECTURAL REIMAGINING E2: COMMERCIAL REIMAGINING district for local college kids, with a In the late nineteenth and early twentieth The historic core used to be a small town where concentration of bars and nightlife. centuries, iconic buildings were constructed everyone knew everyone. Neighbors came to Today, the downtown has been rebuilt and as country retreats for wealthy families living “jot-em down” stores to purchase goods from repositioned as an upscale business center in downtown Atlanta, including the Ottley, other neighbors who had established businesses with links to surrounding cultural venues. Spalding (Deerland), and Dickey estates. As there. With its construction in 1959, Lenox transportation improved, residential Square dramatically changed not only the retail E3: SOCIAL REIMAGINING OF THE like Peachtree Heights Park and Garden Hills patterns, but also the overall land use patterns, in COMMUNITY Early entrepreneurial families who invested in land and early industry in Buckhead who grew prosperous were joined by the elite of Atlanta society in the early 20th century. These families formed a social network which evolved as the socio-economics of Buckhead prospered. Over time Buckhead became known for its elite social organizations, debutante parties, and a style of life that is self-protected from view. Still today the perception of an “elite life” is a draw to Fran Crossett celebrities and others that emulate it. Meanwhile, with her in the post-World War II era, Buckhead’s father Dr. Jerome Hugh population exploded with the rise and migration Crossett at of the modern middle-class to the suburban her debut. enclave, which directly relates to the architectural Courtesy of and commercial reimaging in post-war Buckhead. Fran Crossett Rosenthal.

At left: Swan House, built in 1928, on Andrews Drive. Now part of the Atlanta History Center’s Buckhead campus. Courtesy of the Atlanta History Center. PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 30 PHASE THREE > INTERPRETIVE THEMES 31

E4: RELIGIOUS REIMAGINING E5: REIMAGINING THE WAY WE PLAY E6: FUTURE “BUCK’S HEAD” Churches have been, and continue to be, an The concept of leisure has changed significantly important part of life in Atlanta. In early Buckhead over time. In Buckhead’s early agrarian- there were small community churches. However, dominated society, few precious hours could be How does the past shape our future? as Buckhead evolved, several churches that started allocated for time away from essential tasks on How should it? downtown moved when numerous members the farm. Leisure was a luxury enjoyed mainly Today, in some ways, we strive to build of the congregation moved north of the city, by the most affluent in society, those dubbed what we used to be before. The buck’s including Covenant Presbyterian Church, which part of the “leisure class.” Toward the end of the head was at a crossroad where people moved to Buckhead from downtown Atlanta nineteenth century, however, there was growing Fran Crossett (L) and Camilla Collinsworth at a North would meet, rest, and share stories. in 1924, and the Cathedral of St. Philip, which pressure to reduce the work week throughout Fulton Park Horse Show in the 1950s. Courtesy of Fran Today we strive to build a more livable relocated to Buckhead in 1933. The role of the the country in response to rapid industrialization Crossett Rosenthal. community based on “greening- church in the community has expanded over time in America. From 1860 to 1910, there was a as the Buckhead demographic demanded more steady decrease in the average number of hours programs really took hold. In Buckhead, North up” Buckhead in large part to create services, like athletics. worked per week in all industries including Fulton Park and Memorial Park were both renewed opportunities for social agriculture. Simultaneously, the popularity of developed in the 1930s. In the early twentieth interaction. sports, including bicycling, hunting, fishing, and century, commercial amusements also became Transportation has been a driver for football, as leisure activities, increased. Drinking more frequent; in Buckhead, the Buckhead was also a popular pastime. In the early twentieth Theatre opened in 1930. After 1950, increased Buckhead’s ability to grow and prosper century, the idea that local governments should affluence drove a leisure industry that offered a and it has shaped the land uses over provide recreation facilities and organized proliferating choice of activities. Today, shopping time. As population density increases, and dining are two of the leisure activities transportation alternatives will need to Buckhead is known for nationally. The oldest extant chuch building in Buckhead, (L to R) Claude Carter, Billy Payne, and develop along with it. How will new Paces Ferry UMC. unidentified teammate, Buckhead Baseball. transportation options, including mass transit, shape future growth?

Race relations have evolved over time and continue to be a discussion that is important to our community. What is the demographic future of Buckhead?

Stone fireplace by landscape gardener William Monroe and built by WPA labor in the late 1930s as part of a new park - North Fulton Park, now known as Chastain Park. PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 32 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 33

PHASE FOUR: INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS GRAPHIC MAP Navigating the Experience Simplicity is key to providing a clear and easy navigation system.

NAVIGATING THE EXPERIENCE MAPPING Connecting the Storylines Connecting Physical Destinations String Maps In the process of creating the Site Map of A string map creates a simple path moving A At The Buck’s Head interpretive storylines it became evident that point-to-point. This straight-forward mapping B Crossroads Of History the themes and subthemes developed are spread technique is often used in transit maps, such as throughout Buckhead. the map shown of ’s transit system. C Buckhead In Black And White

However, it also became evident that there are D Page Turners nodes and major corridors where concentrations E Buckhead Reimagined of storylines (various colored dots) come together. Providing a sense of order for navigating to these disbursed nodes and along linear routes became a primary initial goal of the plan.

In this interpretive program,

Using the model of a string map, a guest accesses the multiple stories overlap on next piece of information and its location to follow. Historic information can be presented in a treasure a map. A string map can hunt format, so that guests feel some of the same surprising fun and adventure as they are led from one reveal physical connections destination to the next. between pertinent map locations in a storyline. Each “string” can represent a single storyline that guests can follow if that story interests them using an easy-to-follow navigation system.

DEFAULT TEXT PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 34 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 35

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER PHASE FOUR: INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS Iconic Connections Graphic Sign Standards

A KEY TO THE PROGRAM IS VISUAL CONNECTION A SIGN STANDARDS PROGRAM THE BASIC SIGN STANDARD VIRTUAL INTERPRETIVE MEDIA should unite the various acts like a beacon as it captures Along with the physical form, media AN IMMEDIATELY UNDERSTOOD ICON, USED CONSISTENTLY, CAN PROVIDE THE NECESSARY VISUAL interpretive sites. The sign sunlight in a cut-out of the buck’s should be part of the interpretive CONNECTION TO INTERPRETIVE SITES STRETCHED ACROSS THE BUCKHEAD LANDSCAPE. program should include head. The idea is to capture experience. An integrated QR code, iconic markers that contain attention with an icon that can be for instance, could easily link to an directional, wayfinding, mapping seen from a distance. app or website where guests can and interpretive storytelling find more in-depth information about the storyline. Social media also The buck’s head form is chosen An image of a buck with a stream From there, the design team information. The sign program The form and the materials of the offers rich possibilities to supplement for this role of an iconic visual of sunlight shining on the buck’s began investigating how the will also offer opportunities to sign standards can both evoke and enhance the physical forms. connection. The intent of the head and through its antlers form could be simplified in order recognize partner organizations. history and fit within the local buck’s head icon is to reflect the served as inspiration for the for the icon to be immediately site context. The sign standards resident’s pride in the Buckhead icon. It possesses the qualities of recognizable. can be constructed of a mix of community and its history. alertness, balance, and strength. materials based on what best fits in the site context, including concrete and metals.

Make a lasting impression: The use of lettering and imagery debossed into steel, concrete and stone are inspired by the ingots and engravings of Georgia’s early economy. Incised letters give Buckhead’s history an importance and durability. They also light up in sunlight and impart a pleasant tactile quality The Buck’s Head icon is And then in two tones, to the rendered above in three testing how simple the signs. tones. form can be rendered and still remain legible. PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 36 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 37

Interpretive Concept PARALLELS OF THE PAST

Inspiration: Design Concept:

These images show a graphic frame as a When new development has altered The passerby—our ‘Urban Explorer’— window into the past. We can use creative historic buildings, we can use historical enjoys discovering that there is an ways to frame real Buckhead scenes in 3D images to show the past as a parallel alignment between the image in the and bring a past scene to life. universe. A photograph embedded frame and the actual building, between transparent panels of walking until they find the spot tempered glass lets guests overlay the where the perspective of the past past on the present. and present align. In this way they spend a moment participating in the Top and right image references by artists interpretation process. Ella & Pitr.

Top: Buckhead Theatre, 1940s;1950s. Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection, LBGPFZ-068a, Special Collections and Archives, Library. PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 38 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 39

Interpretive Concept POSTCARD FROM ATLANTA

Inspiration: Design Concept

Implying vs. Portraying Rather than illustrating history to guests in the traditional The right image can connect guests immediately to people interpretive sign format, we can bring history back to life in a like themselves from the past. This example uses implied human scale by populating the streets with people from the information rather than portrayal through lengthy text. A good past. Guests can immerse themselves into the art in a way that image can show history in an empathetic and sometimes allows them to see their reflection superimposed with historic humorous way. imagery.

References by artist Ablak a múltra PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 40 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 41

Interpretive Concept INHABIT THE ART: PHOTO-BOMBING HISTORY

Inspiration: Design Concept:

Some of the most meaningful art blurs the line between Guests can “photobomb” historic scenes at a site within a the viewer and the piece. This example shows how a three-sided tempered glass cube. This idea lends itself to subject can move out of the artist’s piece and into the viral media campaigns. The cube could show the evolution reality of the viewer. We propose the opposite, to bring of a storyline with each side featuring a different scene. the viewer into the art. Guests can immerse themselves into the art in a way that allows them to see their reflection superimposed with historic imagery. Guests will thus experience a personal connection to the storyline.

Reference by artist Dan Graham

Reference by artist Bansky Photo at top: Unidentified individuals in Macedonia Park, ca. 1930s. This neighborhood was located where Frankie Allen Park is today. PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 42 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 43

Interpretive Concept STORIES IN LAYERS

Inspiration: Design Concept:

Layers can turn 2D images into a 3D scene. Guests can LAYERS OF HISTORY discover a hidden image by standing in the right spot. Layers of metal discs, each imprinted with historic This idea utilizes public art to enhance the streetscape photographs that show a portion of a scene, could while also providing a glimpse of history from different be positioned to reveal a complete scene when vantage points. guests stand at the right vantage point. Text could also be incorporated onto the discs.

Viewed from the side, this scupture apears to be an abstract arrangement of metal poles.

Viewed from the front, the poles reveal a large scale portrait.

References by artist Marco Cianfanelli PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 44 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 45

Interpretive Concept WIREFRAMING HISTORY

Inspiration: Design Concept:

Wireframe structures help guests understand immediately HISTORIC PLAYGROUNDS how past structures fit into the current context. Executed The atmosphere of historic scenes like this Civil War in a sketch-like style, they also imply the hand-worked encampment can still resonate in contemporary quality of elements from the past. settings. Adults can see these as an echo of a Civil War encampment, and children can see them as playful structures for climbing and spontaneous games.

Civil War camps were packed with tents housing 5 or 6 men. This is a Federal, or Union, encampment at Cumberland Landing, Virginia, Library of Congress.

Venturi and Rauch wireframe the outline of Benjamin Franklin’s home in Philadelphia, PA PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 46 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 47

Interpretive Concept A NOVEL STYLE OF PLAY

Design Concept:

MEMORABLE PLAY With wireframe structures and props, guests can place themselves into a scene from the past. Simple permanently affixed or embedded elements such as checkerboards and coffee cups illustrate the story behind such a scene.

Inspiration:

August 1864, at an encampment at Petersburg, Virginia, soldiers of the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry play cards in front of their tents during the Civil War, Library of Congress. PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 48 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 49

Interpretive Concept GHOSTS OF HISTORY

Design Concept:

Human-scale frames of figures can tell the story of people who have inhabited a space in the past.

The ghostlike nature of the figures can inspire guests to imagine stories, and perhaps to read more conventional interpretive signs to seek out deeper information.

Sketch by artist Theodore Davis near Peachtree Creek on July 20,1864, with Major General Joseph Hooker on horse back in foreground.

Photograph of African-American woman sweeping her yard, Baldwin County, Georgia, between 1925 and 1950. Courtesy Vanish- ing Georgia Collection, Georgia Archives, University System of Georgia.

Top right: Photograph of two African American women hoeing cotton, Greene County, Georgia, between 1925 and 1950. Cour- tesy Vanishing Georgia Collection, Georgia Archives, University System of Georgia. PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 50 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 51

Interpretive Concept CORES OF HISTORY

Inspiration: Design Concept:

Certain patterns and materials give Just as core samples are pulled out to study the earth people an immediately understandable below, “cores of history” can rise up to represent the representation of passing time. A core passage of time in Buckhead’s history and the layered sample is literally a representation of history of certain sites. the history of a piece of land. Here we are beginning to investigate how the cores could house remnants reminiscent of the past. These examples show cores of history as columns marked by bands of historic time periods, moving from the bottom-up in time, as a core pulled out of the earth would do. We can represent different time periods through various patterns and textures or implied or inexpensive artifacts encased in gabions.

Gabions of kitchenware fragments Sample of a from early Buckhead homes or replicas pattern of soap stone specimens of the Creek engraved Civil war shells and bullets Indians. on core or fragments of pottery from columns. businesses in the 1880s.

Gabions, (Itallian for a type of bird cage) were baskets filled with earth or rocks, originally used for military fortifications. They can insprie public art and interpretive structures.

Reference by artist Brandon Zebold. PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 52 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 53

Interpretive Concept HIGHWAYS OF HISTORY

Design Concept 1 Design Concept 2 Design Concept 3

THUNDER HIGHWAY EXHIBIT BILLBOARDS CAMPAIGN MIXING HISTORY INTO A 3D illustrations of past human interest stories can inspire Inserting historic elements in unexpected places in the CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPE questions about the racier oral history that often gets left contemporary landscape will arouse interest in the historic Using historical statement pieces as contemporary out of dry interpretive programs. stories of an area. Artistic and historical curiosities can alter merchandise is another way to add interest and humor, unsightly or controversial visual elements for the better. and to bring the past to life. A merchandizing program is Billboards can pop-up at various locations to be discovered a potential fundraising give-away or could be associated in a treasure hunt-style fashion by guests. This billboard with a special event. The life of the program and potential program can be part of a marketing campaign to support audience can be extended through a social media the opening of an interpretive installation or can support a campaign. special event.

Top center photo: Historic reference courtesy of University of Southern digital archives. PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 54 PHASE FOUR > INTERPRETIVE MEANS AND METHODS 55

Interpretive Concept BUCKHEAD AT NIGHT

Design Concept: Ghosts could be based on historical “GHOSTS AT THE BUCKHEAD “GHOST POP-UPS” “GHOST GUIDED TOUR” Light and sound in a side street or A period “tourist trolley” is fitted with a “GHOSTS OF BUCKHEAD” stories and images. The imagery THEATRE” pathway off the main corridor attracts the ghostly guide in the driver’s seat! “Ghosts” are projections that would be fuzzy, but accurate to the Ghosts could be coming out of the attention. When the guest moves near happen in various, changing, and period with clothes, sounds and Buckhead Theatre - talking about the sound/motion triggers the “pop-up.” The “BECOME A GHOST” unpredictable locations. narratives. movie they saw and news in the village. ghost character can be on a loop A kid-friendly program where children – can start, stop, every once in a while can visit a program station equipped This concept could be a special event, Ghost characters could include acted, “WALKING WITH GHOSTS” start talking again. This could be an with a webcam to get their picture spanning over several days. Each videotaped scenes performed by live These are projections that are triggered interactive experience. taken to “Become a Ghost”. This could night could have a different special program interpreters or actors. by a person walking. Ghost/ghosts be the material for a series of changing event related to the selection of ghosts appear behind a person walking, which “GHOST SHOPS” projections in a playground area or park. that are featured that night. would be funny for the persons behind the person walking, who would be in on Vacant retail space “windows” could be projections of an old Buckhead store/s. In this example the viewer begins to hear a soundscape from a past era and the joke. watches a dancer frolic on the wall only to disappear in the blink of an eye. PHASE FIVE > ACTION PLAN 56 PHASE FIVE > ACTION PLAN 57

Buckhead Master Interpretive Program NEXT STEPS This drawing and the intellectual property it represents are the sole property of DeNyse Companies, Inc.; no portion of it may be reproduced, created, or used for pricing without written permission. Colors & Finishes

Colors shown here may not exactly match manufacturers color chart swatch or actual sample. Client to either provide samples or specifications for custom colors prior to production or approve DeNyse color samples or color specifications 1.800.941.7446 FOR EACH OF THE CONCEPTS, PHASES www.denyseco.com C1 TBD - Semi Gloss interpretive and design content will need to © Copyright 2014 All designs and DESIGN TASKS: DESIGN INTENT DOCUMENTS C2 TBD - Semi Gloss be identified and/or developed, including drawings are the sole property of DeNyse Companies, Inc., and may historic images and interpretive text. Design 1. Clarify concept intent not be reproduced, published, Electrical Notes changed or used in any way without written permission and consent. In 64 1/4” and construction documents will need to be 2. Gather research and content for text and images addition, all ideas, contents of Disconnect switch(s) UL & ID labels Vent - 2’’ Dia. Louvered X V proposals, and all specifications of produced. These phases will require project and 3. Provide content outlines 58 1/4” FINAL ELECTRICAL HOOK UP BY OTHERS any project entered into with DeNyse 1/4’’ 4 1/4” Electrical Requirements: 120 volt 60 htz Companies, Inc. are all rights construction administration management. Below 4. Provide interpretive text: Preliminary, second and final reserved. The described information Connection Type: permanent continuous operation may not be used in securing price draft phases Section Number of Circuits: One (1) 20 amp Dedicated Branch Circuit(s) comparisons. Violators will be

are the expected phases for each concept. The 3” 1 Wire Size: 12 awg / conduit size: ½'' prosecuted to the full extent of the law. following phases could be completed for the 5. Provide template for the graphic design, showing Max. Line Current: tbd Management Company production of a single concept component or typography, color, grid system, or special graphics Inspected and labeled in accordance with UL Standard for Electric Signs U Installed using UL listed parts and methods of installation in accordance N/A G R L 6. Provide design of the maps: Preliminary, second and with Article 600 of the National Electric Code and other applicable local for multiple concepts underway at same time. LISTED codes. This includes proper grounding and bonding. final draft phases Property Name & Address The tasks can be managed either way based on This lighted product may contain Fluorescent, Neon, HID lamps or Atlanta Buckhead D F H Hg components that use Mercury in them. Dispose of these lamps & funding. 7. Provide Design Documents for the interpretive components according to the laws of the authority having jurisdiction. structures. Documents will be scaled elevations or other to show intent for the design, color, materials, Construction Specifications Bid Number Prior to implementation, a Marketing Plan with size, placement in the site, and any special features. Mounting Provision: 3’’ Sq Tube Aluminum Post, Co-ordinate with Others 63739 C A Removal of pavers any core drilling thru concrete if necessary. a strategy for the roll-out of the Interpretive 58 5/8” Program, including each installation planned, B Electrical Provision: Co-ordinate with Others for Electrical Primary Supply Project Manager FABRICATION 78” Jeffery Beilfuss needs to be generated. C 12mm Glass Panel with graphics: by Others Construction Documents and Prototypes Designer D Aluminum Fabricated Construction, with .25’’ thick Water Jet Cut Face with welded return of .125’’ Aluminum for screw flange to attach to Post and Cross Bar WJB* Included in the scope of the Marketing Plan 1. Verify cost estimates E Masked and Painted Graphics will be a program of visitor evaluations to poll 2. Develop construction documents with fabricator Date F All Edges and Corners to be Rounded Over or Eased as to not be sharpe 7.14.2014 our audience for guidance of improvements and 3. Arrange for samples, prototypes, or other models for E B G LED X1 Edge Lit Extrusion future changes. review Revision Date 5 8 9 4 - 9 3 0 1 1 1 8 4 - 0 3 LED Power Supply to be housed inside Tube Framing, Access thru removable NA 4. Manage review of documents by the City of Atlanta, H panel 0 Department of Parks and Recreation or other A I Pier Type Concrete Foundation is Assumed to be typical approvals as necessary

INSTALLATION Design Time 1. Verify site location and obtain any site surveys 2 necessary Customer Approval 2. Schedule and oversee installation

3. Manage punch list 30” I Filename Lenox Mall Frame 1 v1 12’’ MAINTENANCE PLAN

1. Provide manufacturer’s information and any Concept warranties Preliminary Front Side 2. Provide maintenance plan Production Scale: 3/4” = 1’-0” Scale: 3/4” = 1’-0” Polaroid Picture Frame 1 PHASE FIVE > ACTION PLAN 58 PHASE FIVE > ACTION PLAN 59

PROGRAM COMPONENTS

This drawing and the intellectual property it represents are the sole property of DeNyse Companies, Inc.; no portion of it may be reproduced, created, or used for pricing without written permission. Colors & Finishes

Colors shown here may not exactly match manufacturers color chart swatch or actual sample. 1'-4" Client to either provide samples or specifications for custom colors prior to production or approve DeNyse color samples or color specifications 1.800.941.7446 www.denyseco.com PAGE CONCEPT DESCRIPTION QUANTITY. C1 To be determined 37 Parallels from ½” thick glass panel 6 C2 CorTen Steel ASTM A588 © Copyright 2014 All designs and with aluminum frame and posts 1'-4" the Past drawings are the sole property of DeNyse Companies, Inc., and may C3 White not be reproduced, published, changed or used in any way without 39 Postcard ½” thick glass panel 6 written permission and consent. In 0'-7" addition, all ideas, contents of from Atlanta with aluminum frame and posts Section Construction Specifications proposals, and all specifications of 1 any project entered into with DeNyse Companies, Inc. are all rights A Cast Concrete Column; all sides to be tapered. reserved. The described information 41 Inhabit 3-Sided Picture Frame, similar to 1 Etched Logo may not be used in securing price comparisons. Violators will be the Art Parallels from the Past/Exterior Lit B 1" Deep aluminum fabricated cabinet; inside of cabinet to be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. A coated with Bituminous Paint, alkali resistant lacquer such

2'-8" as methacrylate, or zinc chromate paint. (See Details) Management Company 45 Wireframing Painted Aluminum “Tent” Structures, 12 C Face of cabinet to be powder coated and to have first N/A 1'-5" surface screen printed graphics. History Approximately 6’ x 4’ Property Name & Address D 0.25" Corten Face with etched logo; pin mounted to column. Buckhead Master 47 Novel Style of Play Painted Aluminum Scene Elements: Large Tent, Bench, Table 2 Interpretive Plan E Concrete footing with #5 Rebar, 12" O.C. and cage. B Atlanta, GA Detail 48 Ghosts of History 3/8” CorTen Steel (ASTM A588), Waterjetted “Ghost Images”: 6 1 Bid Number Human Form 64357 C Code Research 4'-7" 10'-1" Max Sign Area Allowed: XX (Boxed around copy area only) Project Manager 49 Ghosts of History 3/8” CorTen Steel (ASTM A588), Waterjetted “Ghost Images”: 2 Max Height: XX Jeffery Beilfuss Horse and Rider

Designer C.Craig 53 Historic 3MDigital Scotchprints Applied to Existing Buckhead Billboard 6 Billboards Structures Date D 09.10.2014 52 Highways New Painted/Weathered Wooden Billboard Structure with Solar- 1 Revision Date of History Powered Gooseneck Lighting Fixtures. Approximately 10’ x 20’.

2'-9" NA 0 2 sets of Car Chase scene cut-outs

Grade 50-51 Cores of History 20” Diameter x 10’-6” Painted/Waterjetted Aluminum “Cores” 2 6" 6" Qty: 1 with Multiple Textured effects; configuration of 3-4 sculpted c time “core” column forms, detailed and gabion sections, with Design Time 2.5 inscribed graphic below. Might include a gravity water feature; E Freestanding/footings required Customer Approval 3'-0" 3'-0"

35 Iconic Markers Approximately 14’ tall, 3/8” CorTen Steel Plated, Mounted to 25 Filename Precast Concrete Structure, waterjetted or 3D “Buck” Logotype; Iconic Markers 1v1 72” x .250” Painted Aluminum Story Panel and Vinyl Copy

18" 18" 35 Interpretive Plinth With inset 3D CNC “Buck” Medallion Logo and 7 Concepts Prepared By: Concept Column Id Preliminary 3/8” CorTen Steel Etched Plaque Scale: 1/2” = 1’-0” Production

Buckhead Master Interpretive Plan (Iconic Marker) 1

THIS PAGE FOLDS OUT PHASE FIVE > BENEFITS 60 PHASE FIVE > BENEFITS 61

proposes layering a consistent, imaginative Education environmental graphics program on top of Physical Activity Education is the chief benefit of interpretation; Buckhead’s existing cultural landscape thus Although the interpretive program will not be the aim is to get visitors to understand and further advancing a sense of place. completely independent of vehicular navigation, appreciate the history and cultural landscape of the program anticipates at least six geographical the community. The interpretive program will By fostering a sense of place and raising awareness groupings of installations and signage where provide opportunities for visitors to interact with of the historic resources that contribute to the visitors can walk from one to another either along installations and the surrounding environment unique landscape of Buckhead, the program sidewalks or trails. One of the program objectives is to foster an experiential connection to the will also encourage the preservation of tangible to have people interact with the cultural landscape THE INTERPRETIVE MASTER PLAN place and its story. Such experiential learning cultural resources significant to the community’s of Buckhead and the best way to do that is on will guide Buckhead is extremely effective in helping people retain story. According to this country’s foremost foot. Exercise will, therefore, be a significant, what they have learned by creating personalized Heritage and its partner authority on historical interpretation, “He that albeit somewhat unexpected, benefit to visitors experiences that are more memorable than the understands will not willfully deface, for when engaging in the interpretive program. The health organizations in integrating dates and names most people associate with he truly understands, he knows that it is in some benefits of even moderate exercise are numerous. historic interpretation history. By visiting a real place where history degree a part of himself.” “Trails for Health,” a publication of the U.S. actually happened, visitors engage all of their at sites throughout Department of Health and Human Services, notes senses and gain a deeper understanding of the “In the end, we will conserve only what we love, that the significant benefits of moderate physical Buckhead’s green space place and its story than they can through books we will love only what we understand, and we activity include controlling weight, controlling system over the next or documents alone. Interestingly, a study about will understand only what we are taught.” high blood pressure, reducing the risk for type 2 the popular uses of history by Roy Rosenzweig 5 to 7 years. -- Baba Dioum diabetes, reducing the risk of heart attack, reducing and David Thelen concludes that most Americans symptoms of depression and anxiety, and reducing care about activities that allow them to feel a arthritis pain. connection to the past, that Americans feel like historic places allow them to feel that connection Tourism THE BOTTOM LINE more readily than activities in the classroom, and The cohesive interpretive program has the that Americans believe that they will more likely potential to significantly benefit the local Sustainability of discover “real” or “true” history at a historic site economy by fostering increased heritage tourism Having this cohesive or museum than in a classroom. The study notes, in Buckhead. Heritage tourism is the fastest Buckhead Heritage plan as a foundation too, that students seem to learn best on field growing segment of the world’s largest industry. The interpretive program will significantly Compared to travelers overall, heritage travelers will ultimately make trips when they are engaged with the material increase the visibility of Buckhead Heritage in the substance of the past. are a little older and more likely to have a community and translate into additional financial interpretative efforts postgraduate degree. They tend to take longer and volunteer commitments from those who throughout the community trips, staying 5.2 nights versus 3.3 nights for the become engaged in the organization and its work. average traveler, spend more money, participate Buckhead Heritage will increase its audience by more effective. The Preservation in more activities, and stay more often in hotels, The interpretive program will also help foster implementing the interpretive program at sites interpretive program will motels, and bed-and-breakfasts than in private a strong sense of place. People develop a sense spread throughout the community and by working homes. They are also more likely to fly to their ultimately bring significant of place through experience and knowledge with partner organizations to bring history to the destinations and shop when they get there than benefits to the community of a particular area, including its history and existing visitors to those sites. Buckhead Heritage is the average traveler. Heritage tourists spend an its cultural landscape. As Dr. Thomas A. Woods, anticipates increasing its membership base by and the visitor groups average of $688 per trip compared to the average President of Making Sense of Place, Inc., has reaching new and diverse populations within the $425 of other U.S. travelers. who interact with the eloquently noted, “shared experiences and stories community. Increased membership will enable the interpretive program. (history) help to connect place and people and organization to grow its operations. Educational to transmit feelings of place from generation to and specials events and merchandizing related generation.” In addition, the interpretive program to the interpretive program will also generate additional revenue for the organization. “There is no future without the path made to it by the past.”

—AIDAN CHAMBERS © COPYTIGHT 2015 BUCKHEAD HERITAGE SOCIETY All rights reserved. No portion of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of Buckhead Heritage Society.

Buckhead Heritage Society 3180 Mathieson Drive, Suite 200 Atlanta, GA 30305 [email protected] www.buckheadheritage.com