1 Church and State ( : Ritsuryo Saisei Itchi Kami
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Welcome to TRUSpace | TRUSpace 1 State Shinto and the Use of Shrines in Japanese Colonies By Cary S. Takagaki In the third month of 1868, the newly formed Meiji government announced its intention to return to the ritsuryo system of government that had been in place during the Nara and Heian periods. This was a system that held to the concept of unity between church and state (saisei itchi). Thus, the Jingikan, Office of (Shinto) Deities (often translated as Office of Kami Worship), was revived in that same month as one of seven departments in the Dajokan, the administrative organ of the state, and in an attempt to “purify” the tradition, a policy of separating Buddhism from Shinto (shinbutsu bunri-rei) was adopted.1 However, in July of 1869, the Jingikan was given the highest rank of all government offices, placing it above the Dajokan, and in the following year an Imperial Rescript on the Enshrinement of the Kami was issued, asserting that, along with various Shinto gods, all the emperors of Japan were to be worshiped as kami: Now that the imperial dignity has passed to Us, small and frail of form though we be, we are afraid both night and day that there will be some want in Our performance of the Imperial duties. We thereby enshrine with the Jingikan (The Office of Kami Worship), the kami of Heaven and Earth, together with the eight kami of Kamimusubi-no-kami, Takamimusubi-no-kami, Tamatsu-memusubi-no-kami, Ikumusubi-no-kami, Taramusubi-no-kami, Omiyame-no-kami, Miketsukami and Kotoshironushi-no-kami, and along with them, the souls of all past Emperors.
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