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Natives – Perennials and Grasses Gardening with Native Plants Only Makes Good Sense

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Natives – Perennials and Grasses Gardening with Native Plants Only Makes Good Sense Natives – Perennials and Grasses Gardening with native plants only makes good sense. Just what is a native plant? A native is a plant that originated in our area and was not introduced from Europe or another far away location. These plants generally display better hardiness, disease and insect resistance and tolerate local weather extremes. Native plants conserve soil and water because they don’t require fertilizers and pesticides. Native plants also provide habitat, shelter and food for birds and other wildlife. For more information about natives visit Grow Native!, the joint program of the Missouri Department of Conservation and the Missouri Department of Agriculture. The Grow Native! program helps protect and restore our state’s biodiversity by increasing conservation awareness of native plants and their effective use. Our native plant program is divided into two groups of plants: Perennials & Grasses and Trees & Shrubs. Perennials Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ Amsonia or blue star has plump navy blue buds that open to large, vivid periwinkle blue, star-shaped flowers in late spring. Bright green leaves turn yellow in the fall and form a compact spreading clump. 12-16 inches Blue Indigo Baptisia or blue indigo is a shrub-like perennial that is long lived and drought resistant. Blue pea shaped flowers bloom in late spring thru early summer. Flowers are followed by interesting gnarly looking seed pods that persist throughout our the winter. Butterfly magnet. 3-4 ft. Sun or light shade. Butterfly Weed Asclepias or butterfly weed is our number #1 selling perennial for attracting monarch butterflies and hummingbirds. Butterfly weed needs warm temps and the plant will not emerge until late spring when the soil has warmed. The bright orange flowers appear in July through August. Sun and good drainage, tolerates drought,18-24 inches. Swamp Milkweed Pink butterfly weed is a tall native partial to moist, swampy soils. Small, fragrant pink flowers attract butterflies. Blooms from July through August. Plant emerges late in the spring after soil has warmed up. 48-60 inches. Blazing Star ‘Kobold Original’ Liatris or blazing star is our most popular cut and dried flower. But it is also a ‘tooth and nails’ native that sports violet-purple flowers and attracts butterflies. 14 inches tall. Sun and good drainage are a must. Cardinal Flower Lobelia or the cardinal flower sports bright red tubular flower stalks that hummingbirds can’t resist. Flowers bloom mid through late summer. Cardinal flower prefers sunny or lightly shaded sites and consistently moist soil. Joe Pye Weed ‘Baby Joe’ ‘Baby Joe’ is a block buster when it comes to late season color. Bright purple flowers atop dark red stems appear in late July through September. Prefers sun or light shade and slightly moist soil. Butterflies love Joe Pye weed. 4-5 ft. Goldenrod Showy yellow flowers on a tough, easy to grow Missouri native. Provides mid to late season color and an important source of pollen and nectar for migrating butterflies. Kalimeris ‘Blue Star’ Kalimeris or false aster is an ever-blooming compact plant with pale blue daisy flowers. It loves heat and humidity and breezes through a drought like a champ. Blooms all summer. 12-18 in tall. Missouri Primrose Missouri or Ozark Sundrop is native to our area, as the name implies. It grows in average or poor, rocky soil with good drainage and full sun. Missouri Primrose forms a sprawling clump of 6-10 inch foliage with single lemon-yellow 3 inch flowers. Interesting seed pods follow the flowers and are used in dried arrangements. Virginia Bluebells One of the first woodland plants to usher in spring. Pendulous trumpet- shaped pink flowers slowly transition to soft sky blue. Attractive bluish foliage goes dormant by summer. Woodland Phlox ‘Blue Moon’ Butterflies love the violet-blue flowers that are extremely fragrant. Large flower clusters appear atop compact foliage late spring into early summer. As the name implies, this plant needs shade or part shade. This low growing, spreading phlox is great for the border, naturalized area or the rock garden. Fringed Bleeding Heart Clump forming, nodding, rose-pink heart-shaped blossoms on lacy gray-green foliage. Blooms heavily in spring and then sporadically throughout the season. Does not go summer dormant if kept watered. 10-12 inches. Grasses Little Bluestem ‘Smoke Signal’ This improved native variety takes on scarlet red tones in late summer, turning deeper red-purple in fall. Maintains strict upright habit without flopping. 3-4 ft. Muhlenbergia or Pink Muhly Grass ‘Fast Forward’ Flowering begins in late July when wispy pinkish-purple seed heads form and float above the compact mounds of fine, flat foliage. Nice for late season color. Sporobolus or Prairie Dropseed Fine textured, vase-shaped native prairie grass. Equally pretty in the garden or a pot. Prairie dropseed is especially lovely when planted at two foot intervals in a border. Airy panicles or seed heads grace the slender foliage in September and October, followed by an orange autumn hue. 2-3 ft. Panicum or Switch Grass ‘Cheyenne Sky’ Tight vase shaped blue-green foliage turns wine red early in the summer. Airy purple flowers top the foliage and at only 3 ft. it’s nice even in a pot. A native grass so tough and drought tolerant. Plant Collection description for the Butterfly House In this collection, you will find many of the plants that are housed in our Conservatory and are visited frequently by our butterflies. In addition, many of the plants in our outdoor butterfly gardens are also listed. The first item for each plant is its Latin name and this link will take you to additional information about the species. Psychopsis papilio Common Name: Butterfly Orchid Native Location: Trinidad and South America Salvia azurea Common Name: Blue sage Native Location: Southeastern U.S. Cubanola domingensis Common Name: Cubanola Native Location: Caribbean Psiguria tabascensis Common Name: Tropical Cucumber Vine Native Location: Central America Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Common Name: Porterweed Native Location: Hardy to zones 10 through 11 and not native to the United States Clerodendrum speciosissimum Common Name: Java Glorybower Native Location: Indonesian island of Java Amsonia illustris Common Name: Shining Bluestar Native Location: St. Louis, Midwest Cuphea hyssopifolia Common Name: False Heather Native Location: Mexico, Guatemala Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum Common Name: Shooting star Native Location: Fiji Islands, Central America Echinacea paradoxa Common Name: Yellow coneflower Native Location: Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas Rudbeckia hirta Common Name: Black-eyed Susan Native Location: Eastern and central United States Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Common Name: New England Aster Native Location: Eastern North America Callirhoe involucrata Common Name: Purple Poppy Mallow Native Location: Missouri, N. Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma and Texas Zizia aptera Common Name: Heart-shaped meadow parsnip Native Location: United States Lantana camara Common Name: Lantana Native Location: Tropical America Asclepias curassavica Common Name: Blood flower Native Location: South America Oncidinae Common Name: Oncidium 'Sharry Baby' Caribbean through Central America Clerodendrum quadriloculare Common Name: Glorybower, Starburst Bush Native Location: Africa and the Pacific Islands Heliotropium angiospermum Common Name: Scorpion Tail Native Location: Florida, Texas, Central and South America Helianthus salicifolius Common Name: Willow-leaved Sunflower Native Location: South central U.S., including Missouri Monarda fistulosa Common Name: Wild Bergamot Native Location: Canada, United States and Mexico Rondeletia leucophylla Common Name: Panama Rose or Bush Pentas Native Location: Mexico Clerodendrum splendens Common Name: Glorybower Native Location: Tropical West Africa Asclepias tuberosa Common Name: Butterfly milkweed Native Location: The lower 48 States and Canada with exception to a few western states Caesalpinia pulcherrima Common Name: Peacock flower Native Location: Tropical America Symphyotrichum oolentangiense Common Name: Sky Blue Aster Native Location: Missouri; Central US, north to Canada and south to Texas Bougainvillea glabra Common Name: Bougainvillea Native Location: South and Central America Antigonon leptopus Common Name: Coral Vine Native Location: Mexico Native Plants to Attract Butterflies by Anne Kirkpatrick Butterflies bring joy to any garden but remember you need nectar plants to feed the adults and host plants to feed the young caterpillars. Yes, the host plants fed upon by caterpillars may look a bit ragged, but learn to appreciate this part of nature as well, or place these plants in less conspicuous locations in your garden. Listed below are excellent native plants that provide nectar for adults and leaves for the caterpillar larvae. Whether devoting an entire garden to butterflies or adding natives to an established landscape, select the proper location for your plants. Butterflies enjoy a sunny location with good air circulation, but not one that is extremely windy. Many of the plants suggested here thrive in part shade as well as full sun. The recommendation are in two groups: one group provides nectar sources for adult butterflies, while the other provides a food source to feed the next generation of their species - caterpillars. Nectar Sources for Butterflies Achillea spp. Yarrow Perennial Best grown in lean, dry to medium, well-drained sandy loams in full sun. Plants do well in average garden soils and tolerate poor soils
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