DOCSLIB.ORG

Virus-Associated Diseases of Double Petunia: Frequency and Distribution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Virus-Associated Diseases of Double Petunia: Frequency and Distribution PLANT PATHOLOGY HORTSCIENCE 37(3):543–546. 2002. Materials and Method Plant material. Double petunia samples Virus-associated Diseases of Double were collected from 15 greenhouses and 6 garden centers in Toledo, Cincinnati, Cleve- Petunia: Frequency and Distribution land, and Columbus, Ohio, in Spring 1997 and 1998. In 1997, growers and garden center managers were requested to send a sample of in Ohio Greenhouses 12 double petunia plants. Since the number of plants initially received was small, we col- M-C Sanchez-Cuevas and S.G.P. Nameth lected the material directly in greenhouses and Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio Agricultural Research and garden centers. Only plants displaying virus- Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 like symptoms were selected. We also in- cluded in the survey all double petunia samples Additional index words. ELISA, inclusion bodies, Petunia ×hybridia sent to the C.W. Ellett Plant and Pest Diagnos- Abstract. Double petunia plants expressing virus-like symptoms were collected in tic Clinic, The Ohio State Univ., Columbus. greenhouses and garden centers throughout Ohio in Spring 1997 and 1998 in an effort Plants were collected at different stages of to determine the frequency and distribution of petunia viruses present in the state. development, in plug trays, pots, and baskets. Direct antibody- sandwich and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Plants were transplanted and maintained un- were conducted with commercial antisera made against 13 viruses, a potyvirus kit der insect-free greenhouse conditions, with capable of detecting 80 different potyviruses, and our antiserum raised against a ample distance between plants to minimize cross-contamination. Tissue (≈10 g) was har- tobamo-like virus inducing severe mosaic in double petunia. Viral-associated double- ° stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) analysis and light microscopy for detection of vested from each plant and stored at –20 C. inclusion bodies were also carried out. ELISA, dsRNA analysis, and light microscopy Virus-like symptoms, such as mosaic, revealed the presence of tobacco mosaic tobamovirus, an unknown tobamo-like petunia ringspots, leaf deformation, leaf puckering, virus, tomato ringspot nepovirus, tobacco streak ilarvirus, and tobacco ringspot spots and/or stunting were recorded one week nepovirus. Tomato aspermy cucumovirus, tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, impatiens after transplanting or whenever they were even- necrotic spot tospovirus, alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, potato tually observed. virus X potexvirus, and chrysanthemum B carlavirus were not detected. No potyviruses Detection of viruses by ELISA. Leaves, were identified. A number of plants with virus-like symptoms tested negative for petals, and young stems from 544 symptom- all viruses. atic double petunia plants were tested by direct antibody-sandwich (DAS)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a modi- Petunia ×hybridia Hort. is a one of six 1995). Symptoms induced by these viruses in fication (condensation of incubation time using members of the Solanaceae grown primarily infected petunia plants are variable, as they heat and shaking) of a previously described as an ornamental plant, and the most eco- are influenced by environmental conditions, procedure (Clark and Adams, 1977) for de- nomically important due to its horticultural strain of the virus, mixed infections with tecting alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), CMV, value (Sink, 1984). It is a popular bedding other viruses, genetic diversity of petunia TAV, TSV, potato virus X potexvirus (PVX), plant, the third most valuable after geranium cultivars, and cultural conditions. Some in- TRSV, ToRSV, TMV, TSWV, INSV, and and impatiens (Hamrick, 1997) but it is also fected plants remain symptomless (Lesemann, CVB using commercial polyclonal antisera grown in pots, hanging baskets, and balcony/ 1996). According to Lesemann (1996), petu- produced in rabbits (Agdia, Elkhart, Ind.). window boxes (Lesemann, 1996). Petunia nia virus (PV)-associated diseases became DAS-ELISA was also conducted with plants propagate by seeds in nature, but new widespread after 1992, when asexually propa- polyclonal antibodies we produced against a species of vegetatively propagated petunia, gated hybrids were introduced from Japan possible new tobamo-like virus affecting such as “Supertunia’ and double petunias, without strict virus-indexing schemes. The double petunia tentatively named petunia virus, have been recently introduced in Europe and symptoms associated with virus diseases in and a commercial indirect ELISA screen which the United States as garden ornamentals petunias are stunting and deformation of the tests for 80 potyviruses (Agdia). During the (Lesemann, 1996; Sikron et al., 1995). Double foliage, light-green streaks, discolored and screening process with our antisera produced petunia plants provide the most impressive deformed flowers (Lindgren, 1993), irregu- against PV, it was determined that our antisera flowers of all bedding plants (Nau, 1991) and lar vein- yellowing, mottling, color breaking, did cross-react slightly with tomato mosaic are usually female sterile because of mal- and a reduction in the number and size of the virus and pepper mild mottle mosaic virus. formed or underdeveloped pistils (Goldsmith, flowers (Edwardson and Christie, 1997 a and Optical density at 405 nm was measured with 1968). b). Mixed virus infections apparently aggra- an MRX microplate reader (Dynex Technolo- Several viruses have been reported as vate symptoms (Leseman, 1996). gies, Chantilly, Va). Samples were considered naturally infecting petunias (Bellardi et al. The virus most often detected in petunias positive when the mean absorbance of dupli- 1996; Leseman, 1996; Mavric et al., 1996; in the United States is tobacco mosaic cate wells exceeded twice the mean absor- Pirone, 1978; Sikron et al., 1995), and the list tobamovirus [(TMV); Agdia, 1995; Lawson bance of appropriate healthy controls. Each of viruses capable of infecting petunias is and Hsu, 1994]. Other commonly detected plate included a healthy tissue sample and very long (Brunt et al., 1996), because petu- viruses are cucumber mosaic cucumovirus extraction buffer as negative controls. Tissue nias are often used as indicator hosts for virus (CMV), tobacco ringspot virus nepovirus known to be positive for a particular virus was identification assays (Lane, 1992). Virus dis- (TRSV), unknown potyviruses, tomato spot- used as the positive control. eases constitute a threat to the production and ted wilt tospovirus (TSWV), tomato ringspot Viral dsRNA extraction and analysis. Leaf, quality of the petunia crop (Sikron et al., nepovirus (ToRSV), occasionally tobacco flower petals, and young stem tissue (5 g) was streak ilarvirus (TSV), tomato aspermy used for analysis. Viral-associated double- Received for publication 5 Jan. 2001. Accepted for cucumovirus (TAV), and chrysanthemum vi- stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) was ex- publication 28 Aug. 2001. This paper is a portion of rus B carlavirus (CVB) (Brunt et al., 1996) tracted and purified using a modification of a thesis submitted by M.-C. Sanchez-Cuevas. We The purpose of this study was to screen the CF-11 cellulose column chromatography thank greenhouses and garden centers in Ohio for providing the plants for this study. We also thank for the viruses infecting double petunia plants method described by Morris and Dodds, (1979) Mike Tiffany for information on important viral in commercial greenhouses and garden cen- and Jordan et al. (1983). diseases of petunias and for providing positive ters in Ohio and to determine their the fre- Light microscopy of inclusion bodies. Epi- samples for serology. quency and distribution. dermal strips from the underside of healthy HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 37(3), JUNE 2002 543 6762, p. 543-546 543 5/13/02, 1:14 PM PLANT PATHOLOGY and symptomatic double petunia and Turkish potyviruses detected by the potyvirus screen. infected plants identified by DAS-ELISA in tobacco plants were stained with a combina- In 1997, 8.5% of the plants collected (18/ 1998 were positive when tested with the com- tion of Calcomine Orange and Luxol Brilliant 212) were positive for virus infections. Of mercial antibodies against the common or Green, a general stain for proteins, and Azure these, 12 plants were positive for ToRSV, 5 for vulgare strain of TMV (TMV-c) and our own A (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee), a TSWV, and 1 for TSV. No mixed infections polyclonal antibodies raised against the un- nucleic acid-specific stain (Christie and were detected in 1997 (Table 1). The symp- known petunia virus (PV). All plants that tested Edwardson, 1994). The stained tissue was toms observed in TSWV positive samples positive for either or both of these viruses, observed with a Zeiss Axioscope microscope, varied from severe leaf puckering, leaf defor- expressed various degrees of mosaic, pucker- equipped with a Zeiss MC80 microscope mation and reduced leaf size, to inter-venial ing and leaf deformation. The absorbance val- camera (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thornwood, N.Y.). chlorosis and small local lesions. Some of ues for the PV samples were usually lower in these symptoms (inter-veinal chlorosis and those samples that tested positive for both TMV Results local lesions) were also detected in plants and PV (mixed infection) (Table 1). infected with ToRSV. Those plants also ex- Some of the 1998 plants that expressed Plants collected in greenhouses and garden pressed ringspots
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
    TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Petunia Cultivars As Bedding Plants for Florida1
    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. ENH 1078 Evaluation of Petunia Cultivars as Bedding Plants for Florida1 R.O. Kelly, Z. Deng, and B. K. Harbaugh2 The state of Florida has been an important region for the growing and testing of bedding plants. The USDA Floriculture Crops 2005 summary reports that bedding and garden plants accounted for 51 percent of the wholesale value ($2.61 billion) of all the floricultural crops reported in the United States, while Florida was ranked fifth among all the bedding plant producers in this country. Thirty-seven percent of all bedding and garden flat sales came from pansy/viola, impatiens and petunias. Petunia (Petunia xhybrida) ranked third in value after pansy (Viola xwittrockiana)/viola [Viola cornuta and V. xwilliamsiana (name used by some seed companies)] and impatiens (Impatiens walleriana). Florida ranked second in the United States for the value of potted petunia flats in the United States in 2005 ($4.5 million). Parts of the southeastern United States, Asia, Europe, and Australia share a similar climate with central Florida. Thus, Florida has also been an important testing ground for new petunia cultivars and other bedding plants to be grown and marketed in those regions. Figure 1. Petunia axillaris (large white petunia). By permission of Mr. Juan Carlos M. Papa, Ing. Agr. M.Sc., Petunia is considered to be the first cultivated Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina. bedding plant. Breeding began in the 1800s using 1. This document is ENH 1078, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization, Phylogeny and Recombination Analysis of Pedilanthus Leaf Curl Virus-Petunia Isolate and Its Associated Betasat
    Shakir et al. Virology Journal (2018) 15:134 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-018-1047-y RESEARCH Open Access Characterization, phylogeny and recombination analysis of Pedilanthus leaf curl virus-Petunia isolate and its associated betasatellite Sara Shakir1,3, Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman1*, Muhammad Mubin1 and Zulfiqar Ali2 Abstract Background: Geminiviruses cause major losses to several economically important crops. Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) is a pathogenic geminivirus that appeared in the last decade and is continuously increasing its host range in Pakistan and India. This study reports the identification and characterization of PeLCV-Petunia from ornamental plants in Pakistan, as well as geographical, phylogenetic, and recombination analysis. Methods: Viral genomes and associated satellites were amplified, cloned, and sequenced from Petunia atkinsiana plants showing typical geminivirus infection symptoms. Virus-satellite complex was analyzed for phylogenetic and recombination pattern. Infectious clones of isolated virus and satellite molecules were constructed using a partial dimer strategy. Infectivity analysis of PeLCV alone and in combination with Digera yellow vein betasatellite (DiYVB) was performed by Agrobacterium infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana and Petunia atkinsiana plants with infectious clones. Results: PeLCV, in association with DiYVB, was identified as the cause of leaf curl disease on P. atkinsiana plants. Sequence analysis showed that the isolated PeLCV is 96–98% identical to PeLCV from soybean, and DiYVB has 91% identity to a betasatellite identified from rose. Infectivity analysis of PeLCV alone and in combination with DiYVB, performed by Agrobacterium infiltration of infectious clones in N. benthamiana and P. atkinsiana plants, resulted in mild and severe disease symptoms 14 days after infiltration, respectively, demonstrating that these viruses are natural disease-causing agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Duplicated Han-Like Genes in Petunia X Hybrida. Beck Powers University of Vermont
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2017 Evolution Of Duplicated Han-Like Genes In Petunia X Hybrida. Beck Powers University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Evolution Commons, Genetics and Genomics Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Powers, Beck, "Evolution Of Duplicated Han-Like Genes In Petunia X Hybrida." (2017). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 795. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/795 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVOLUTION OF DUPLICATED HAN-LIKE GENES IN PETUNIA x HYBRIDA. A Thesis Presented by Beck Powers to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Specializing in Plant Biology October, 2017 Defense Date: July 10, 2017 Thesis Examination Committee: Jill C. Preston, Ph.D., Advisor Sara Helms Cahan, Ph.D., Chairperson Jeanne M. Harris, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT Gene duplications generate critical components of genetic variation that can be selected upon to affect phenotypic evolution. The angiosperm GATA transcription factor family has undergone both ancient and recent gene duplications, with the HAN-like clade displaying divergent functions in organ boundary establishment and lateral organ growth. To better determine the ancestral function within core eudicots, and to investigate their potential role in floral diversification, I conducted HAN-like gene expression and partial silencing analyses in the asterid species petunia (Petunia x hybrida).
    [Show full text]
  • Cclbd25 Functions As a Key Regulator of Haustorium Development in Cuscuta
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425251; this version posted January 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Research Articles 2 CcLBD25 functions as a key regulator of haustorium development in Cuscuta 3 campestris 4 Authors: Min-Yao Jhu1, Yasunori Ichihashi1,2, Moran Farhi1,3, Caitlin Wong1, Neelima 5 R. Sinha1* 6 Affiliations: 7 1 The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United 8 States. 9 2 RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan 10 3 The Better Meat Co., 2939 Promenade St. West Sacramento, CA, 95691, USA. 11 * Email address correspondence to [email protected]. 12 Author Contributions: 13 Y.I. initiated the project and all work was done under consultation and supervision from 14 N. R. S.; Y.I. wrote the original R scripts for MDS, PCA, and SOM analysis, and M.-Y.J. 15 edited the scripts and applied them on further analyses; M.-Y.J. mapped the 16 transcriptome data to C. campestris genome and performed SOM clustering and 17 coexpression network analysis; M.F. made CcLBD25 RNAi constructs and used the UC 18 Davis transformation facility to generate transgenic plants; M.-Y.J. performed qPCR, 19 functional characterization and phenotyping of CcLBD25 transgenic plants; M.-Y.J. 20 designed the IVH system and conducted HIGS experiments and analyzed the data; M.F. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425251; this version posted January 5, 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
    12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon).
    [Show full text]
  • CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR in TRIPLOID <I>PETUNIA</I
    CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN TRIPLOID PETUNIA HYBRIDS 1 WILLIAM CAMPBELL STEERE (Received for publication October I, 1931) INTRODUCTION During the summer of 1928, several species and a large number of horticultural varieties of Petunia were grown at the Botanical Gardens of the University of Michigan, for cytological and genetical investigation. The seed was obtained from various commercial sources and through the kindness of a number of Botanical Gardens and individuals. The large flowered forms commonly known as "California Giants," "Diener's Monsters," etc., were of especial interest, since they appeared to be typical gigas forms. Because of the unusually large and fleshy flowers and leaves, combined with the large stature of the plant, they were assumed to be tetraploids, since Vilmorin and Simonet (54) had reported that such types exist in the genus. Later in the season, the tetraploid nature of the gigas types was established. With the possibility in mind of producing triploids, reciprocal crosses were made between tetraploid and diploid types, but very little seed was produced, and none germinated. During the summer of 1929, the reciprocal crosses were repeated between diploids and tetraploids on a larger scale than the previous year. A pure strain of P. axillaris (Lam.) BSP. (P. nyctaginifiora juss.), which has white flowers and yellow pollen, was used as the diploid parent (PI. XXIII, fig. 2). As parthenogenesis has occasionally been reported in the Solanaceae, strains of tetraploids with dark colored flowers and blue pollen were chosen as the other parent. From these crosses, large amounts of seed were secured, especially from the cross diploid c;? X tetraploid 0'.
    [Show full text]
  • The Solanaceae: Novel Crop Potential for the UK Dr John Samuels¹
    The Solanaceae: Novel Crop Potential for the UK Dr John Samuels¹ • Introduction to the family Solanaceae • Wider resources • Food resources (a) Solanaceae food crop species in the UK (b) Edible Solanaceae species worldwide (i) Solanum (ii) Capsicum (iii) Physalis (iv) Lycium (v) Lycianthes (vi) Jaltomata • Exotic/unusual sol crops with known consumption in UK • Solanaceae species with high novel crop potential (a) Rocoto (b) Pepino dulce 1. Tomate de arbol, Solanum betaceum (c) Lulo (red-skinned cultivar) • Useful characteristics of the novel nightshade crops • Future considerations ¹ Trezelah Barn, Trezelah, Gulval, Penzance, TR20 8XD; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction to the family Solanaceae • The Solanaceae, or nightshade family, is a highly successful group of flowering plants originating in South America and now represented on very vegetated continent. There are somewhere between 3-4000 species. • Nightshades were some of the first plants to be exploited by humans . • Peppers were first cultivated around 5000AD, making them amongst the first crops to be cultivated in the New World. • The effect of the nightshades on the world and their popularity as a source of food has become enormous. • In 2007 alone, 33 million hectares of nightshade crops were cultivated worldwide, producing almost 515 million tonnes. Nightshades provide us with a wide variety of resources: • food and crop plants, eg potato, tomato, capsicums • ornamentals, eg Petunia, ornamental tobacco, angel’s trumpet , • medically useful substances, eg alkaloids, capsaicinoids and steroids • phytochemicals with insecticidal properties, eg Withania, Nicotiana • ethnobotanical uses, eg plants used for tanning leather, medicines, etc, eg bitter tomato and Cestrum spp • recreational use, eg tobacco, snuff • psychoactive substances used in tribal rituals, eg Datura, Latua They are also a source of deadly poisons, such as belladonna and mandrake, and can become successful weeds, eg black nightshade, American nightshade.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Viruses Infecting Solanaceae Family Members in the Cultivated and Wild Environments: a Review
    plants Review Plant Viruses Infecting Solanaceae Family Members in the Cultivated and Wild Environments: A Review Richard Hanˇcinský 1, Daniel Mihálik 1,2,3, Michaela Mrkvová 1, Thierry Candresse 4 and Miroslav Glasa 1,5,* 1 Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; [email protected] (R.H.); [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia 3 National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešt’any, Slovakia 4 INRAE, University Bordeaux, UMR BFP, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; [email protected] 5 Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +421-2-5930-2447 Received: 16 April 2020; Accepted: 22 May 2020; Published: 25 May 2020 Abstract: Plant viruses infecting crop species are causing long-lasting economic losses and are endangering food security worldwide. Ongoing events, such as climate change, changes in agricultural practices, globalization of markets or changes in plant virus vector populations, are affecting plant virus life cycles. Because farmer’s fields are part of the larger environment, the role of wild plant species in plant virus life cycles can provide information about underlying processes during virus transmission and spread. This review focuses on the Solanaceae family, which contains thousands of species growing all around the world, including crop species, wild flora and model plants for genetic research.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Morphology of Family Solanaceae and Its Taxonomic Significance
    An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(3): e20181221 DOI 10.1590/0001-3765202020181221 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências | Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Printed ISSN 0001-3765 I Online ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Pollen morphology of family Solanaceae Running title: POLLEN STUDY and its taxonomic significance OF SOLANACEAE AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE SHOMAILA ASHFAQ, MUSHTAQ AHMAD, MUHAMMAD ZAFAR, SHAZIA SULTANA, SARAJ BAHADUR, SIDRA N. AHMED, SABA GUL & MOONA NAZISH Academy Section: BIOLOGICAL Abstract: The pollen micro-morphology of family Solanaceae from the different SCIENCES phytogeographical region of Pakistan has been assessed. In this study, thirteen species belonging to ten genera of Solanaceae have been studied using light and scanning electron microscopy for both qualitative and quantitative features. Solanaceae e20181221 is a eurypalynous family and a significant variation was observed in pollen size, shape, polarity and exine sculpturing. Examined plant species includes, Brugmansia suaveolens, Capsicum annuum, Cestrum parqui, Datura innoxia, Solanum lycopersicum, 92 Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Petunia hybrida, Physalis minima, Solanum americanum, (3) Solanum erianthum, Solanum melongena, Solanum surattense and Withania somnifera. 92(3) The prominent pollen type is tricolporate and shed as a monad. High pollen fertility reflects that observed taxa are well-known in the study area. Based on the observed pollen traits a taxonomic key was developed for the accurate and quick identification of species. Principal Component Analysis was performed that shows some morphological features are the main characters in the identification. Cluster Analysis was performed that separate the plant species in a cluster. The findings highlight the importance of Palyno-morphological features in the characterization and identification of Solanaceous taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants for Sunny Containers
    PLANTS FOR SUNNY CONTAINERS VERTICAL OR SPIKE PLANTS FOR THE SUN Hyacinth Bean Vine (Dolichos lablab) These should be about one and a half the height of the Jasmine (Jasmine) container. Lantana (Lantana camara) Agastache (Agastache) Lobelia (Lobelia erinus) Angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia) Mandevilla (Mandevilla x amabilis) Brazilian verbena (Verbena bonariensis) Million Bells (Calibrachoa hybrid) Cabbage Palm (Cordyline terminalis) Moon Vine (Ipomea alba) Canna (Canna) Morning Glory (Ipomea purpurea, tricolor) Cape daisy, Sunscape daisy (Osteospermum) Nasturium (Trapaeolum majus) Castor Bean (Ricinus communis) Nemisia (Nemisia fruticans) Cobbitty Daisy, Marguerite (Argyranthemum) Nolana (Nolana paradoxa) Cockscomb (Celosia cristata) Petunias (Petunia x hybrida) Cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) Portulaca (Portulaca gradiflora) Dahlia (Dahlia) Potato Vine (Solanum jasminoides ‘Variegated) Daylily ‘Happy Returns’, ‘Stella d’Oro’ (Hemerocallis) Supertunia (Petunia x hybrida) Egyptian Starflower (Pentas lanceolata) Surfinia (Petunia x hybrida) Flowering Tobacco (Nicotiana) Swan River Daisy (Brachycome iberidifolia) Flowering Maple (Abutilon) Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritime) Gaura (Gaura lindheimeri) Sweet Potato Vine ‘Blackie’, ‘Marguerite’ (Ipomea batatas) Gerber Daisy (Gerbera jamesonii) Tapien Verbena (Verbena hybrid) Gloriosa daisy (Rudbeckia hirta) Temari Verbena (Verbena hybrid) Love lies bleeding (Amaranth) Torenia ‘Summer Wave’ (Torenia trailing) Mexican sunflower (Tithonia) Tortuga Verbena (Verbena hybrid) Ornamental Grasses Trailing
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Petunia and Tobacco by Light Microscopy Using a Simplified Inclusion Body Staining Technique
    International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2017 Vol. 13(2): 163-168 Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN 1686-9141 Detection of Tobacco mosaic virus in Petunia and Tobacco By Light Microscopy Using a Simplified Inclusion Body Staining Technique 1Khamphirapaeng, P., 1Cheewangkoon, R., 1 McGovern, R. J., 2Wong, S. M. and To-Anun, C.1 1Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; 2Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117543, Singapore Khamphirapaeng, P., Cheewangkoon, R., McGovern, R. J., Wong, S. M. and To-Anun, C. (2017). Detection of Tobacco mosaic virus in Petunia and Tobacco Cells Using Inclusion Body Staining. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 13(2): 163-168. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causes significant losses in many economically important crops. The virus caused flower break, mild mosaic and brown, brittle stems in petunia; and mosaic and mottling symptoms in tobacco leaves in northern Thailand. This study evaluated virus inclusion visualization by light microscopy (VIVLM) with virus confirmation by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR).VIVLM was accomplished by staining leaf epidermal tissue with toluidine blue O and basic fuchsin and detected tobamovirus in all symptomatic samples. TMV infection was confirmed by RT- PCR; there was a 91% agreement between VIVLM and RT-PCR in tobamovirus detection. Detection of other plant virus groups by this simplified virus inclusion visualization technique may be possible. Key words: petunia, tobacco, Tobacco mosaic virus, Inclusion bodies, Virus inclusion visualization by light microscopy, VIVLM Introduction Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an economically important pathogen infecting tobacco, other solanaceous hosts and a large number of other crops worldwide.
    [Show full text]