John Bradshaw, speaker-director. Photo from ItIsWritten.com

It is Written

GREG HUDSON

Greg Hudson, D.Min. (, Berrien Springs, ), is the senior pastor of the Georgia-Cumberland Academy church in Calhoun, Georgia. He has worked as a registered nurse, and served as a pastor and academy chaplain in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Georgia.

It Is Written, a Seventh-day Adventist television ministry founded by , began a weekly broadcast in selected American cities in 1956 and has since extended its reach throughout the world. The first religious television program to broadcast in color, It Is Written has innovated methods of using mass media technologies to augment local throughout its history. The Emergence of Adventist Television Ministry (1939-1955) The Adventist church became involved in television ministry in 1949, a decade after the televising of the New York World’s Fair in 1939 demonstrated the potential of this new medium.1 After the end of World War II in 1945, as more and more Americans acquired television sets, Adventists saw both its dangers as an immoral influence and its great potential in reaching large numbers of people with the message of Jesus.2 The success demonstrated by the radio broadcast, helped prepare Adventists to recognize the evangelistic potential of modern media. R. H. Libby, J. L. Tucker, and W. A. Fagal pioneered the Adventist use of television as a means of evangelism. On the west coast Tucker started airing The Quiet Hour in 1949.3 In November of that same year, R. H. Libby started airing A Faith to Live By in Baltimore, generating much interest and hundreds of studies, despite working with no budget, no music director, and no musicians.4 Soon another program, Heralds of Hope, with evangelist Robert L. Boothby began broadcasting in the Washington, D.C. area.5 As these programs were being launched, leaders of the General Conference Ministerial Association, including George Vandeman, were holding workshops in that included investigation of the possibilities of using television for evangelism.6 In February 1950, toward the end of a six-month evangelism series in Atlanta, Georgia, evangelist M. K. Eckenroth, experimented with using telecasts to stimulate interest in the public meetings and to share topics such as Daniel 2.7 The format of this program, Faith For The Future, was a round-table discussion of Bible prophecy.8 Faith For Today with W. A. Fagal, which began broadcasting on May 21, 1950, would outlast all of these to become the longest-running Adventist TV program.9 It quickly showed great promise for evangelism, eliciting requests for literature and contact information for those showed interest by responding to the broadcast.10 At Fall Council in 1950, the potential of television evangelism was recognized. In order to ensure programs of top quality that would best represent the Adventist church, the General Conference Committee voted that in 1951 and 1952 all TV programs should be sponsored and developed from the General Conference. Two major programs, one on the east coast in New York City, and the other on the west coast in , would be further developed and funded. Both of these shows were to bear the title of “Faith For Today – A presentation of the Seventh-day Adventist Church of North America.”11 With this decision, Faith For Today with W.A. Fagal soon began to expand to other cities, 12 while The Quiet Hour with J. L. Tucker returned to a strictly radio format.13 In the early 1950s, George Vandeman, along with other evangelists such as H. M. S. Richards and Roy Anderson, made a series of evangelistic sermons produced on 16mm film. While these were not designed with television in mind, the films were broadcast in a few areas, including Midland, Texas. Then, in 1955, Vandeman conducted an evangelistic series in Midland because of the interest the broadcasts had helped raise there. The success of this reaping series helped Vandeman see the potential in uniting media ministry with public evangelism.14 Founding (1955-1958) It was in this context that It Is Written (IIW) came into existence. After his return from in 1955, the General Conference assigned Vandeman the project of producing a series of films that could be used for television broadcasts. Marjorie Lewis Lloyd assisted him as research editor. The series covered the major tenets of in a series of 39 full-color films.15 The plan was to use the films as preparation for evangelistic efforts by arranging for their broadcast on a local television station in the months leading up to the series of public meetings.16 The name “It Is Written” was suggested by a young movie star named Penny Edwards. She had starred in several Hollywood movies in the 1940s and 1950s, but retired from film acting when she joined the Seventh-day Adventist church.17 While Faith For Today featured dramatic vignettes and other religious programs simply pictured someone preaching a sermon, Vandeman intended It Is Written to feel like a personal Bible study with just one or two individuals in their own living room. The set resembled a home library, with books behind him. Sometimes he used physical models or pictures, as well as video clips, filmed on location, about events or places.18 After just the first 13 episodes were completed, It Is Written was first aired in Fresno and Bakersfield, California, beginning on March 25, 1956. Airtime was secured in Bakersfield on Sunday morning and Thursday evening, and in Fresno on Sunday afternoon.19 The films were also used during public evangelistic meetings, sometimes shown before the meeting.20 The broadcasts were successful in finding people interested in learning more about the Bible. Evangelist Fordyce Detamore soon preached a series in Bakersfield that resulted in over 200 decisions for baptism, with many indicating they had been viewers of the television series. This outcome revealed that other evangelists besides the host could also successfully follow up the television series.21 On Sunday, September 22, 1957, IIW began to broadcast in Washington, D.C. on WTTG-TV, Channel 5, at 9 p.m. every Sunday evening. The initial topic was “Life on Other Worlds.” From the beginning IIW was more than just a broadcast program. It was an evangelistic ministry working with churches, pastors, and lay members for training in following up the interests produced from the television show.22 Before the first airing in Washington, more than 2,000 members from at least 30 area churches were organized to go from home to home with information on the subjects to be aired. All of this was done in preparation for a reaping series planned for the spring of 1958.23 W. O. Reynolds joined the IIW team to assist with organizing the evangelistic meeting and training the lay members.24 During seven months of broadcasts, more than 12,000 people enrolled in the “Take His Word” Bible course, with over 700 church members visiting and following up these interests.25 This emphasis on the television ministry working with churches and lay members became a foundational method for the outreach of It Is Written.26 George Vandeman began the follow-up meetings at the D.C. Armory in Washington on Sunday, April 13, 1958. The first topic was “Footsteps in the Atom.” At the time, this series, which continued for 22 consecutive nights, was considered the largest evangelistic campaign in the history of the city.27 Over 3,000 people attended on opening night. 28 Eventually, at least 234 people were baptized as a result of this initial IIW broadcast and evangelism series combination.29 Across the Nation and the World (1958-1975) The initial success in Washington was followed by efforts in other cities following the same plan. Six months of broadcasting in Richmond, Virginia, led to Bible study enrollments in more than 500 families characterized as “deeply interested,” with Vandeman’s ten-day series of decision meetings in September 1958 resulting in more than 100 baptisms.30 Also in the fall of 1958, broadcasting began in and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Roanoke, Norfolk, and Harrisonburg, Virginia; Nashville, Tennessee; Orlando, Florida; and Wichita, Kansas, while a second year began in Washington, D.C. In several of these cities television networks granted the program free airtime as a public service broadcast.31 In 1959, IIW aired in several cities in the territory of the Central Union, including Denver, where Vandeman’s meeting led to 300 people applying for church membership.32 By 1960, the broadcast was seen in many of the cities of the North Pacific Union, with Vandeman holding training sessions for pastors and lay members in each conference.33 The program crossed borders in 1959 to be aired in Canada for the first time, starting in Sydney, Nova Scotia. In time, about 75 percent of city’s population had seen the show, with 40% watching regularly. Even though there was no church in that region, when Vandeman arrived to hold a two-week series, there were over 500 in attendance, and two churches were started at the conclusion of the meetings.34 In 1964 broadcasting began on 16 stations in Australia. In 1967, Vandeman toured this nation, holding meetings in six different cities.35 By 1970, IIW was on 112 stations in three different countries.36 Additions to the Evangelism Toolbox Shortly after the initial Washington, D. C. series, George Vandeman wrote a book entitled Touch and Live (1958), adding another element to the ministry of It Is Written.37 Since then, publishing books has continued to be a vital part of the ministry. One of most widely used during the ministry’s early years was Planet in Rebellion (1960), which contained the major themes of Vandeman’s evangelistic messages.38 In 1961, Vandeman produced a series of “decision films” intended to bring individuals to the point of making a decision on a topic after it had been presented in a sermon or Bible study. These worked best when used in an area where IIW had been aired. At the time it was thought to be too impractical and expensive to film and distribute an entire evangelistic sermon series.39 In 1968, IIW tackled a new level of challenge in urban evangelism by targeting metropolitan New York City. Vandeman held meetings in the city at the New York Center then operated by the church on 42nd Street in Manhattan, but only on Sunday evenings due to the challenge of traffic. He also made personal appearances at six other locations in the metro area. During the week, meetings were held in New Jersey. Because of the obstacles to personal visitation in the crowded city, a phone bank ministry was added to the evangelism toolbox. This consisted of trained Bible workers calling names referred to them to determine interest level and initiate friendships.40 The ministry began producing films in Canada in 1974, in both French and English, where television stations were required to use programming produced in the country for the majority of their broadcast time.41 This development later led to the formation of It Is Written, Canada in 1982, with serving as associate speaker.42 Innovation and Growth (1975-1991) IIW had been housed at the General Conference in Takoma Park, Maryland since its inception. In 1972 it was transferred to the Seventh-day Adventist Radio, Television and Film Center (later the Adventist Media Center) established by the General Conference in Thousand Oaks, California.43 Evangelistic outreach took on a new look with the Revelation Seminars introduced in San Diego, California in 1975. These daylong events included an interactive seminar on the Bible, followed by a vegetarian lunch and other training. During the first two years, Vandeman and his team held more than 100 such meetings per year, with nearly 18,000 non-Adventists registered. Over 12,000 then enrolled in some type of follow-up program with the local church. Attendees included broadcast journalist, , a good friend of Vandeman.44 The Revelation Seminar remained a cornerstone of evangelistic outreach for several years. In 1981, IIW utilized technological advances to give the one-day seminar a new . On March 1, Vandeman hosted a “Teleseminar,” in Los Angeles transmitted live to 22 locations across the , attended by more than 7,000 people in all.45 Plans for a follow-up seminar were never completed, but this event showed the feasibility for the satellite crusades that developed in the 1990s. IIW’s international spread accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s. By 1988, its broadcasts were reaching 17 European nations.46 By 1990, the broadcast was airing in at least 24 countries, and was soon to go to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and China.47 At the same time, IIW was beginning to go nationwide in the United States, primarily by finding airtime on cable stations that reached viewers across the country.48 New Speakers Continue the Mission (1991-Present) A major transition in the ministry of IIW began1991 when, after nearly 35 years on the air, George Vandeman took an initial step back from being the face of the broadcast. joined IIW as associate speaker/speaker elect. At the time, Finley, an evangelist who had founded the North American Division Evangelism Institute (NADEI), was serving as both Michigan Conference Vice-President for Evangelism and as associate ministerial secretary for the Trans-European Division. Finley had already held successful campaigns in Russia while the Cold War was coming to an end. As Finley joined the IIW team, he led in forming an evangelistic association to integrate the telecast more closely with local congregations, in keeping with its original purpose.49 On September 27, 1992, IIW completed the transition as Vandeman stepped down and Finley took on the role of speaker-director. At the time, IIW was showing on two nationwide cable outlets -- Trinity Broadcasting Network and WTBS, in addition to direct broadcast stations, and regularly reached the top 10 religious programs in the Nielsen ratings of audience size. Still being shown across Europe, it was also the top religious broadcast in Brazil and was broadcasting from Moscow in Russian throughout the states of the former .50 When IIW began broadcasting in Russia, the nation was becoming more receptive to after the overthrow of communism as the state ideology. In early 1992, Mark Finley’s first evangelistic meetings in Moscow where held in the Kremlin. In 1993, when he returned as speaker for IIW, an even more extensive outreach project was planned. Olympic in Moscow was rented for a five-week series. Over 16,000 people attended the opening meetings, with over 10,000 still attending after several weeks. At the conclusion of this series, more than 1,600 were baptized, with thousands continuing to study. Eight new churches were started in Moscow, bringing the total number of Adventist churches in that city up to 12.51 During the closing weekend of the Moscow meetings in 1993, a special live satellite TV event was broadcast to churches in the United States.52 This satellite event helped lay the groundwork for a full evangelistic meeting to be broadcast live via satellite. Throughout 1994, the North American Division, working with IIW and Mark Finley, encouraged churches to purchase the necessary satellite equipment to participate in NET ’95.53 This idea, which was conceived in 1993 at a “think tank” for evangelism commissioned by NAD President, Alfred C. McClure, and suggested by Don Schneider,54 built on earlier projects from IIW, including the Teleseminar in 1981, and the live broadcast from Moscow in 1993. NET ’95 would consist of an evangelistic series, presented by Mark Finley in Chattanooga, TN, beginning February 18, 1995, and uplinked live via satellite to churches across North America.55 In order to make this event happen, Adventist Communication Network (ACN) was created, and over $800,000 was budgeted for the NAD over two years, not including the expenses of local churches, Georgia-Cumberland Conference, IIW, and the Adventist Media Center.56 A key element in the planning of and training for NET ’95 was a strong emphasis on the importance of the participation of each local congregation. Continuing the emphasis that IIW had throughout its existence, it was made clear that even with a speaker on the screen via satellite, the evangelism must be local and lay members were encouraged to be involved.57 While many were skeptical of the potential of this video evangelism, NET ’95 was an outstanding achievement. Uplinked from Chattanooga, TN, this multi-week event was seen in 676 locations that had over 65,000 in attendance, including 23,000 visitors. More than 5,000 people were baptized as a result of this series.58 With such great success, plans were immediately put into motion for a follow-up series, NET ’96. This second series was uplinked from in Florida, beginning October 5, 1996.59 Mark Finley was again the speaker, working with the staff of IIW and the Adventist Media Center.60 This second NET event was even bigger than the year before, with 2,500 people attending at the host site, and 1900 downlink sites across North America, as well as participating church in 46 countries on three continents. At the time, this was the largest evangelism series in the history of the Adventist church, resulting in at least 17,000 baptisms in the United States and Canada.61 In 1996, IIW produced 36 new programs a year, and was widely distributed around the world including India, Japan, China, and Brazil. Broadcasts were made in four languages, with associate speakers doing one show a month, with three of Finley’s shows dubbed in the languages.62 While the Adventist church produced several other “NET” series with different speakers and organizations, IIW remained busy with national and global evangelistic outreach. The three teams63 of the IIW Evangelism Association were doing series in major cities in the United States and beyond, including Los Angeles, San Diego,64 and Cuba.65 IIW soon developed another major worldwide evangelistic outreach, beginning in 1999 and extending over the next three years. After NET ’98 was broadcast globally with as speaker, Finley felt that future NET events would need messages that were more directed for varying local contexts. So IIW began planning ACTS 2000, a series of 10 regional satellite meetings broadcast to churches in a localized region. These meetings were uplinked from Manila, Philippines; Kumasi, Ghana; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Bucharest, Romania; Santiago, Chile; Madras, India; Los Angeles, California; Seoul, South Korea; Kingston, Jamaica; and Sydney, Australia.66 Each location included focus on “lay involvement, spiritual revival, prayer, small groups” and had training classes for several months before the six-to- eight-week series.67 In 2004, Mark Finley stepped down as speaker/director of It Is Written. Shawn Boonstra, who had himself been baptized at an IIW meeting, took over the leadership. Boonstra had previously been serving as speaker for It Is Written Canada.68 In addition to hosting the television broadcast, Boonstra led IIW to begin sharing a podcast format to meet the changing dynamics of media use. He also produced multiple short satellite series such as “The Appearing.”69 Under Boonstra’s leadership, IIW emphasized outreach to areas that are often considered difficult. In 2006, IIW helped to send 5000 to the Inuit villages north of the Arctic Circle in Canada.70 In 2008, an evangelistic series was held in the very secular Portland/Vancouver area of the Pacific Northwest.71 In 2010, IIW held meetings in Rome, Italy, and then turned attention to Las Vegas, Nevada.72 In 2010, Boonstra announced he was stepping down as speaker for IIW due to personal health reasons. He was replaced by Pastor John Bradshaw, a pastor and evangelist who had already held over 80 evangelistic meetings. Bradshaw had previously served as an evangelist for .73 Bradshaw immediately stepped into planning for the Las Vegas meetings, along with Yves Monnier, who was hired as evangelism coordinator for IIW in 2010.74 Under Bradshaw’s leadership, IIW expanded the ministry’s presence online, beginning a daily online devotional video, Every Word . In the fall of 2011, IIW, partnering with Southern Adventist University, started SALT (Soul-winning And Leadership Training) School, a Bible Worker and evangelism training program, as well as online resources for evangelistic training called SALT365.75 IIW was based in California at the Adventist Media Center since 1972. In 2014, the ministry relocated to Tennessee. Groundbreaking for a new headquarters took place on July 10, 2017, in Collegedale, with expected completion in 2019.76 Outlook It Is Written continues to be a popular religious television program and has expanded to other media formats. Through it all, it has remained an important supporter of evangelism. The emphasis on supporting local evangelism and member involvement continues to be a foundational element to this ministry, as it has since its origin. The ministry continues to connect the broadcast ministry with local evangelistic meetings across the globe. As it moves forward, It Is Written faces the challenge of rapidly changing media formats, the methods that individuals view media, and an exponential growth in media choices. The ministry must continually seek to remain ahead of the media curve in order to share the everlasting gospel in a way that is accessible and relevant to the current population. Speaker/Director George Vandeman (1957–1994); Mark Finley (1994–2004); Shawn Boonstra (2004–2010); John Bradshaw (2010– ). It Is Written is currently located at 4289 Bonny Oaks Drive, Suite 102, Chattanooga TN.

SOURCES “From TV Screen to Harvest – Part 2.” Ministry, May 1961. “Healing Hearts in the United States.” Ministry, February 1997. ACTS 2000 advertisement. Ministry, April 1999. “ Television.” ARH, July 5, 1990. Anderson, R. A. “Bringing Ourselves Up To Date.” Ministry, February 1957. Anderson, V. G. “Vandeman Meetings in D.C. Begin April 13.” Columbia Union Visitor, April 10, 1958. Anderson, V. G. “Vandeman Series at DC Armory Until May 4.” Columbia Union Visitor, April 24, 1958. “Announcing Great News.” Southern Tidings, February 15, 1950. Beach, W. R. “The Spring Council.” ARH, May 9, 1957. Becker, C. “Television.” Pacific Union Recorder, December 11, 1950. Bentzinger, Gloria. “NET ’95: Results of the Spirit.” Ministry, June 1995. Boothby, R. L. “Telecast from the Nation’s Capital.” Columbia Union Visitor, November 23, 1950. Bradford, Charles. “Adventist TV Evangelists Reach Millions.” ARH, February 13, 1994. Calkins, Jack. “The Future is Here!” ARH, March 24, 1994. Carcich, T. “Central Union.” ARH, February 4, 1960. Coon, C. J. “Personnel Changes.” Columbia Union Visitor, October 10, 1957. Cress. James A. “You Will Catch More Fish With the Net.” Ministry, August 1994. Dower, N. R. “5, 000 Attend Ohio It Is Written Meetings.” ARH, October 22, 1970. Dower, N. R. “Bible Workers at Telephones Aid in New York Evangelism.” ARH, June 6, 1968. Eboch, M. M. The History of Television. Minneapolis, MN: Abdo Publishing, 2015. Eckenroth, M. K. “Atlanta Campaign Successful.” Southern Tidings, February 22, 1950. Eckenroth, M. K. “Television No Longer an Experiment.” Ministry, December 1950. “Eleventh Business Meeting.” ARH, June 18, 1970. Fagal, W. A. “Faith for Today.” Atlantic Union Gleaner, February 20, 1951. Fagal, W. A. “Television Evangelism.” Atlantic Union Gleaner, September 12, 1950. Fagal, W. A. “Television.” Atlantic Union Gleaner, May 16, 1950. Fellows, Michael D. “Revelation Seminars: Two-Year Success Story.” ARH, April 21, 1977. “Feyerabend New Associate Speaker of It Is Written, Canada.” Southwestern Union Record, September 14, 1982. Figuhr, R. R. “Preaching Films Being Prepared.” ARH, July 25, 1957. Finley, Mark, interview by Bill Knott. “New Hope for the City of Angels.” ARH, February 2000. Finley, Mark, interview by William Johnsson. “Going Boldly Into the Future.” ARH, March 1996. Hasty, Annalyse. “It Is Written Breaks Ground for New Ministry Headquarters.” ARH, July 14, 2017. Accessed September 14, 2018. https://www.adventistreview.org/church-news/story5285-it-is-written-breaks-ground-for-new- ministry-headquarters. Hetzell, M. Carol. “Thousands Visit It Is Written.” ARH, February 17, 1977. “It Is Written Beams Into Europe.” ARH, September 29, 1988. “It Is Written Gains New Airtime.” ARH, April 16, 1991. “It Is Written Launches Free Video Podcasting on iTunes.” ARH, February 6, 2006. Accessed September 14, 2018. https://www.adventistreview.org/archive-335. “It Is Written Selects New Speakers.” ARH, 2004. Accessed September 14, 2018. archives.adventistreview.org/2004- 1508/news.html. It Is Written Television advertisement. Ministry, December 1996. Jayne, S. R. “‘It Is Written’ Evangelism in Richmond.” Columbia Union Visitor, October 9, 1958. “John Bradshaw is New ‘It Is Written’ Speaker/Director.” ARH, December 14, 2010. Accessed September 14, 2018, http://archives.adventistreview.org/article/4003/archives/issue-2010-1539/39cn-bradshaw-is-the-new-it-is-written- speaker. Johnsson, William G. “The Most Ambitious Evangelistic Project Ever.” ARH, February 1995. Johnsson, William. “Cuba: Four Amazing Years.” ARH, May 14, 1998. Juberg, Morton. “Columbia Union.” ARH, January 14, 1971. Kleuser, L. C. “Evangelistic Workshops.” Ministry, February 1950. Krause, Denny. “Winning Las Vegas’ Becomes Major Project.” Pacific Union Recorder, April 2011. Krause, Denny. “Winning Las Vegas’ Becomes Major Project.” Pacific Union Recorder, April 2011. Kuester, W. E. “It Is Written Filmed for Canadian Views.” ARH, March 7, 1974. Lechleitner, Elizabeth. “Dog Sleds and Determination Deliver Bibles to Arctic.” ARH, July 18, 2006. Accessed September 14, 2018, archives.adventistreview.org/articles/631/archives/issue-2006-1520/Adventist-news-2. Libby, R. H. “Television in Chesapeake Conference.” Columbia Union Visitor, July 6, 1950. Livesay, Don. “When We Pray: Commission Culture Happens.” Gleaner, April 2008. “Mark Finley Accepts a New Mission at It Is Written.” ARH, July 4, 1991. Mustow, Derek. “Teleseminar reaches 7, 000 in One Day.” ARH, May 28, 1981. Newman, J. David & Sharon Cress. “Super Evangelism in Moscow.” Ministry, November 1993. North American Division Committee, October 8, 1997, 77. General Conference Archives. Accessed October 24, 2018. http://documents.adventistarchives.org/Minutes/NAD/NAD19971008-01.pdf. Nylander, J. H. “Dangers to Youth in the Last Days: Television.” Atlantic Union Gleaner, May 30, 1950. Ochs, D. A. “General Conference ‘Faith For Today’ Telecasts,” Columbia Union Visitor, December 7, 1950. Ochs, W. B. “’It Is Written’ Reaches Canada.” ARH, July 16, 1959. Pritchard, H. W. “Touch and Live.” Southwestern Union Record, June 25, 1958. “Quiet Hour Television Program.” Pacific Union Recorder, May 22, 1950. Reynolds, W. O. “Washington-Area TV Evangelistic Campaign,” Columbia Union Visitor, October 10, 1957. Reynolds, W. O. “’It Is Written’ TV Evangelism in the Washington Area.” Columbia Union Visitor, April 24, 1958. Reynolds, W. O. “It Is Written Evangelism.” ARH, October 23, 1958. Sahlin, Monte. “Get Ready for NET ’96.” ARH, November 1995. Sahlin, Monte. “‘The Story’ Behind NET ’95,” ARH, May 1995. Scriven, C. A. “It Is Written.” North Pacific Union Gleaner, June 6, 1960. Smith, David B. “George Vandeman: A Giant Steps Back.” ARH, September 24, 1992. “The Decision Films.” Ministry, June 1961. Townend, M. G. “It Is Written in Australia.” Ministry, December 1967. Vandeman, G. A. interview by J. R. Spangler, “It Is Written.” Ministry, September 1982. Vandeman, G. E. interview by J.R. Spangler. “It Is Written.” Ministry, September 1982. Vandeman, George E. My Dream: Memoirs of a one-of-a-kind disciple. Boise, Idaho, Pacific Press, 1995. Vandeman, George. Planet in Rebellion. Nashville, Tennessee: Southern Publishing Association, 1960. Venden, D. E. “Television in Central California.” Pacific Union Recorder, March 26, 1956. “Welcome to SALT.” Southern Adventist University. Accessed October 24, 2018, http://www.southern.edu/administration/erc/salt/index.html. Weirman, M. “San Jose Public Evangelism.” Pacific Union Recorder, October 1, 1956. Wickman, P. “Pioneering in Television.” Ministry, July 1950. Wood, K. H. “‘It Is Written’ Campaign in Washington, D.C.,” ARH, May 8, 1958.

NOTES 1. M. M. Eboch, The History of Television (Minneapolis, MN: Abdo Publishing, 2015), 25.? 2. J.H. Nylander, “Dangers to Youth in the Last Days: Television,” Atlantic Union Gleaner, May 30, 1950, 1.? 3. “Quiet Hour Television Program,” Pacific Union Recorder, May 22, 1950, 5.? 4. P. Wickman, “Pioneering in Television,” Ministry, July 1950, 23; R.H. Libby, “Television in Chesapeake Conference,” Columbia Union Visitor, July 6, 1950, 3.? 5. R. L. Boothby, “Telecast from the Nation’s Capital,” Columbia Union Visitor, November 23, 1950, 4.? 6. L. C. Kleuser, “Evangelistic Workshops,” Ministry, February 1950, 36.? 7. M. K. Eckenroth, “Atlanta Campaign Successful,” Southern Tidings, February 22, 1950, 1.? 8. “Announcing Great News,” Southern Tidings, February 15, 1950, 4.? 9. W. A. Fagal, “Television,” Atlantic Union Gleaner, May 16, 1950, 5.? 10. W. A. Fagal, “Television Evangelism,” Atlantic Union Gleaner, September 12, 1950, 3.? 11. D. A. Ochs, “General Conference ‘Faith For Today’ Telecasts,” Columbia Union Visitor, December 7, 1950, 1.? 12. W. A. Fagal, “Faith for Today,” Atlantic Union Gleaner, February 20, 1951, 3.? 13. C. Becker, “Television,” Pacific Union Recorder, December 11, 1950, 3.? 14. George E. Vandeman, My Dream: Memoirs of a one-of-a-kind disciple (Boise, Idaho, Pacific Press, 1995), 69-71; G. A. Vandeman, interview by J.R. Spangler, “It Is Written,” Ministry, September 1982, 17.? 15. R. A. Anderson, “Bringing Ourselves Up To Date,” Ministry, February 1957, 17; W.R. Beach, “The Spring Council,” ARH, May 9, 1957, 5.? 16. R. R. Figuhr, “Preaching Films Being Prepared,” ARH, July 25, 1957, 23.? 17. G. A. Vandeman, interview by J. R. Spangler, “It Is Written,” Ministry, September 1982, 17.? 18. K. H. Wood, “‘It Is Written’ Campaign in Washington, D. C.,” ARH, May 8, 1958, 16.? 19. D. E. Venden, “Television in Central California,” Pacific Union Recorder, March 26, 1956, 3.? 20. M. Weirman, “San Jose Public Evangelism,” Pacific Union Recorder, October 1, 1956, 6.? 21. K. H. Wood, “’It Is Written’ Campaign in Washington, D. C.,” ARH, May 8, 1958, 24.? 22. “From TV Screen to Harvest – Part 2,” Ministry, May 1961, 24.? 23. W. O. Reynolds, “Washington-Area TV Evangelistic Campaign,” Columbia Union Visitor, October 10, 1957, 7.? 24. C. J. Coon, “Personnel Changes,” Columbia Union Visitor, October 10, 1957, 6.? 25. W. O. Reynolds, “’It Is Written’ TV Evangelism in the Washington Area,” Columbia Union Visitor, April 24, 1958, 8.? 26. K. H. Wood, “‘It Is Written’ Campaign in Washington, D.C.,” ARH, May 8, 1958, 17.? 27. V. G. Anderson, “Vandeman Meetings in D. C. Begin April 13,” Columbia Union Visitor, April 10, 1958, 8.? 28. V. G. Anderson, “Vandeman Series at DC Armory Until May 4,” Columbia Union Visitor, April 24, 1958, 12.? 29. W. O. Reynolds, “It Is Written Evangelism,” ARH, October 23, 1958, 21.? 30. S. R. Jayne, “‘It Is Written’ Evangelism in Richmond,” Columbia Union Visitor, October 9, 1958, 8.? 31. W. O. Reynolds, “It Is Written Evangelism,” ARH, October 23, 1958, 21.? 32. T. Carcich, “Central Union,” ARH, February 4, 1960, 5.? 33. C. A. Scriven, “It Is Written,” North Pacific Union Gleaner, June 6, 1960, 12.? 34. W. B. Ochs, “’It Is Written’ Reaches Canada,” ARH, July 16, 1959, 32.? 35. M. G. Townend, “It Is Written in Australia,” Ministry, December 1967, 24.? 36. “Eleventh Business Meeting,” ARH, June 18, 1970, 6.? 37. H. W. Pritchard, “Touch and Live,” Southwestern Union Record, June 25, 1958, 7.? 38. George Vandeman, Planet in Rebellion (Nashville, Tennessee: Southern Publishing Association, 1960).? 39. “The Decision Films,” Ministry, June 1961, 21.? 40. N. R. Dower, “Bible Workers at Telephones Aid in New York Evangelism,” ARH, June 6, 1968, 32.? 41. W. E. Kuester, “It Is Written Filmed for Canadian Views,” ARH, March 7, 1974, 20.? 42. “Feyerabend New Associate Speaker of It Is Written, Canada,” Southwestern Union Record, September 14, 1982, 2.? 43. M. Carol Hetzell, “Thousands Visit It Is Written,” ARH, February 17, 1977, 32.? 44. Michael D. Fellows, “Revelation Seminars: Two-Year Success Story,” ARH, April 21, 1977, 19.? 45. Derek Mustow, “Teleseminar reaches 7, 000 in One Day,” ARH, May 28, 1981, 20.? 46. “It Is Written Beams Into Europe,” ARH, September 29, 1988, 6.? 47. “Adventist World Television,” ARH, July 5, 1990, 11.? 48. “It Is Written Gains New Airtime,” ARH, April 16, 1991, 7.? 49. “Mark Finley Accepts a New Mission at It Is Written,” ARH, July 4, 1991, 6.? 50. David B. Smith, “George Vandeman: A Giant Steps Back,” ARH, September 24, 1992, 6.? 51. J. David Newman and Sharon Cress, “Super Evangelism in Moscow,” Ministry, November 1993, 15.? 52. 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North American Division Committee, October 8, 1997, 77, General Conference Archives, accessed October 24, 2018, http://documents.adventistarchives.org/Minutes/NAD/NAD19971008-01.pdf.? 65. William Johnsson, “Cuba: Four Amazing Years,” ARH, May 14, 1998, 10.? 66. ACTS 2000 advertisement, Ministry, April 1999, 8.? 67. Mark Finley, interview by Bill Knott, “New Hope for the City of Angels,” ARH, February 2000, 31-34.? 68. “It Is Written Selects New Speakers,” ARH, 2004, accessed September 14, 2018, archives.adventistreview.org/2004-1508/news.html.? 69. “It Is Written Launches Free Video Podcasting on iTunes,” ARH, February 6, 2006, accessed September 14, 2018, https://www.adventistreview.org/archive-335.? 70. Elizabeth Lechleitner, “Dog Sleds and Determination Deliver Bibles to Arctic,” ARH, July 18, 2006, accessed September 14, 2018, archives.adventistreview.org/articles/631/archives/issue-2006-1520/Adventist-news-2.? 71. Don Livesay, “When We Pray: Commission Culture Happens,” Gleaner, April 2008, 6.? 72. Denny Krause, “Winning Las Vegas’ Becomes Major Project,” Pacific Union Recorder, April 2011, 26.? 73. “John Bradshaw is New ‘It Is Written’ Speaker/Director,” ARH, December 14, 2010, accessed September 14, 2018, http://archives.adventistreview.org/article/4003/archives/issue-2010-1539/39cn-bradshaw-is-the-new-it-is-written-speaker.? 74. Denny Krause, “Winning Las Vegas’ Becomes Major Project,” Pacific Union Recorder, April 2011, 26.? 75. “Welcome to SALT,” Southern Adventist University. accessed October 24, 2018, http://www.southern.edu/administration/erc/salt/index.html.? 76. Annalyse Hasty, “It Is Written Breaks Ground for New Ministry Headquarters,” ARH, July 14, 2017, accessed September 14, 2018, https://www.adventistreview.org/church-news/story5285-it-is-written-breaks-ground-for-new-ministry-headquarters.?

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