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Estudio Costero Del Suroccidente De México

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Estudio Costero Del Suroccidente De México ESTUDIO COSTERO DEL SUROCCIDENTE DE MÉXICO Donald D. Brand MORELIA 2013 ESTUDIO COSTERO DEL SUROCCIDENTE DE MÉXICO Donald D. Brand Asistido por: Pablo Guzmán Rivas y Alfonso González Rivas Presentación de Gerardo Bocco Verdinelli Estudio introductorio de Pedro S. Urquijo Torres UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN GEOGRAFÍA AMBIENTAL COORDINACIÓN DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO INSTITUTO DE GEOGRAFÍA EL COLEGIO DE MICHOACÁN A. C. CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DEL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN MORELIA 2013 ESTUDIO COSTERO DEL SUROCCIDENTE DE MÉXICO Por: Donald D. Brand Asistido por: Pablo Guzmán Rivas y Alfonso González Rivas Publicado en español con la autorización de la University of Texas Press Título original: Coastal Study of Southwest Mexico (1957) Primera edición en español, marzo de 2013 Traducción de Natalia de León Shlomina Revisión técnica de Gerardo Bocco y Pedro S. Urquijo Edición de Pedro S. Urquijo Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM-Campus Morelia Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701 Colonia ExHacienda de San José de la Huerta C. P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México. ISBN: 978-607-02-4149-9 Prohibida la reproducción parcial o total por cualquier medio electrónico o mecánico sin el permiso expreso de los editores. Este libro se distribuye de forma gratuita en su versión digital a través de la página de publicaciones www.ciga.unam.mx/publicaciones del Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental UNAM: ÍNDICE Presentación 9 Gerardo Bocco Verdinelli Estudio introductorio: Donald Brand en las costas de Michoacán 11 Pedro S. Urquijo Torres ESTUDIO COSTERO DEL SUROCCIDENTE DE MÉXICO 23 Prefacio. Donald D. Brand 25 La costa de Michoacán. Donald D. Brand 31 Estructura Política Historia Formas y del terreno y relieve Ubicación Geográfica Clima y Biota La gente Hidrografía Los viajes y el estado de las vías de comunicación Cúspides costeras y explicación sugerida.1 Pablo Guzmán Rivas 51 Observaciones de campo Una explicación sugerida Resumen Notas y Bibliografía arcs (as from the intrados of a Gothic arch). En esta versión optamos por el término cúspide, ya 1 En el original, Brand utiliza el término “cusp”, cuyo significado es point formed by two intersecting que de esta manera se refiere a dicha forma del terreno costero la bibliografía especializada (NdT). Análisis de la precipitación para algunas estaciones en el Suroeste de México. Pablo Guzmán Rivas 73 Tasas de Variación Total Acumulado y Dispersión Pluviométrica Relativa Tendencias de la Precipitación APÉNDICE La Exploración, Investigación e Historia Marina De la Costa de Michoacán. 83 Donald D. Brand Reseña Cronológica 1522-1540 1565-1763 1763-1822 1822-1882 1882-1912 1912- 123 la Costa de Michoacán Resumen de la Investigación Hidrográfica Temprana de BIBLIOGRAFÍA ESPECÍFICA Introducción 129 133 Colecciones de Travesías y Viajes 152 Historia, Documentos, Travesías, Bibliografía 154 Colecciones de Reproducciones de Mapas, Historias de la Cartografía, y Bibliografías y Listados 159 Navegación,Navegación Derroteros, Atlas Marinos, Cartas Náuticas, y Oficinas HidrográficasDerroteros Atlas, Atlas Marinos, Colecciones de Cartas Náuticas Cartas Náuticas La Oficina Hidrográfica Internacional España México Francia Gran Bretaña Estados Unidos Otras Naciones PERIÓDICOS, REVISTAS Y CENTROS DE INVESTIGACIÓN Periódicos y revistas 200 Archivos, bibliotecas y museos 204 Distribuidores de libros y catálogos 217 EXTRACTOS DE DOCUMENTOS RELATIVOS A LA HISTORIA E 219 INVESTIGACIÓN COSTERA No. 1 Saavedra 1527 No. 2 Grijalva 1533 No. 3 Vizcaíno 1602 No. 4 Dampier 1685 No. 5 Cooke 1709 No. 6 Malaspine 1791 FIGURAS 233 1 & 2 3 4, 5 & 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 – 22 23 – 28 LAMINAS 247 I (a) Playa de Colima (b) Boca de Apiza II (a) Punta de San Telmo (b) Maruata – promontorios occidentales y Roca Blanca III (a) Delta del Huahua (b) Bajo Río Huahua IV (a) Boca de Nexpa (b) Bajo Río Nexpa V (a) Caleta de Campos (b) Caleta de campos VI (a) Carrizalito (b) Río Chuta VII (a) Playa Grande (b) Playa en Playa Azul PRESENTACIÓN Donald D. Brand (1905-1984), geógrafo y antropólogo por la Universidad de California, fue, junto con Robert West y Dan Stanislawski, uno de los discípulos directos de Carl O. Sauer, fundador de la denominada Escuela de Berkeley. Sus publicaciones implicaron un importante trabajo de campo, así como una en general, en México. contribución sustancial al desarrollo de la geografía cultural y de la geografía, y Ambiente de la Universidad de Texas, en Austin. Su actividad intelectual fue Brand fundó en 1949 y dirigió hasta 1960 el Departamento de Geografía Su posicionamiento teórico enlazó desde los años cuarenta del siglo veinte a la por demás prolífica, e incursionó en la historia, la antropología y la arqueología. una tradición que ha jugado un papel clave en los antecedentes de lo que hoy se geografía, la historia y la noción de ambiente de manera coherente, fortaleciendo como la “tradición hombre-terreno” o human-environment. denominanUno lasde cienciaslos textos ambientales, fundamentales y que de en Brandgeografía es elanglosajona que hoy presentamos se reconoce en su versión en español, antecedido de una breve nota técnica elaborada por el historiador y geógrafo Pedro Urquijo, que ayuda a comprender su relevancia tanto en términos de su aportación conceptual como en lo que respecta a su costa de Michoacán, se entrelaza con la Anatomía de Once Pueblos Michoacanos contribución al conocimiento de la geografía michoacana. Este libro sobre la de Dan Stanislawski, también traducido en nuestro Centro, y la Geografía Cultural del Área Tarasca Moderna, de Robert West, en proceso de traducción bajo el liderazgo del Colegio de Michoacán. Un elemento clave de estos textos es el usoAsí refinado el texto de de la Brand descripción nos lleva minuciosa de la mano del medioa la costa geográfico de Michoacán, a partir unde áreafundamentos de extrema conceptuales belleza y gran bien complejidad, establecidos un en verdadero geografía cultural.libro abierto para los que, siguiendo a Brand, puedan interpretar las claves de su geografía cultural, o tal vez de su geografía a secas. Los invitamos a disfrutar de este texto. Gerardo Bocco Verdinelli Director CIGA-UNAM Estudio introductorio DONALD BRAND EN LAS COSTAS DE MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO Pedro Sergio Urquijo Torres Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, UNAM Madre del Sur, que se extiende de sureste a noroeste entre la Boca de San La costa de Michoacán es una angosta franja entre el Océano Pacífico y la Sierra Francisco en la Barra de Zacatula y la Boca de Apiza, en la desembocadura del río Coahuayana. Está formada por varios acantilados marinos, bahías, puntas y escotaduras. Las planicies costeras son en su mayoría estrechas, excepto aquellas que se localizan enseguida de la desembocadura del río Balsas y las que forman el valle de Coahuayana. Descendiendo de la sierra, aparecen una gran cantidad de ríos y arroyos, así como lagunas y esteros que imprimen en el paisaje una imagen de cristalina abundancia hídrica. El clima es generalmente cálido, la temperatura anual es de 26 grados centígrados, con abundantes lluvias en verano. La cubierta vegetal está constituida por bosque tropical subcaducifolio, bosque tropical caducifolio, manglar, dunas costeras y palmar. El paisaje a lo largo de la costa michoacana mantiene la impronta de registro de la memoria, nos permite reconocer distintas y sucesivas presencias las sociedades del pasado que en ella se han manifestado. La historiografía, el en el lugar. Por recurrir a uno de los ejemplos más remotos, desde los primeros años de Colonia, en el siglo XVI, las Cartas de relación del conquistador Hernán Cortés dan cuenta de los avances expedicionarios y de colonización en Zacatula, en las riveras del río Balsas, y de Colima, desde entonces nodos territoriales en la región. La bitácora de viaje de Álvaro de Saavedra y Cerón, cuyos extractos son publicados por Donald Brand e incluidos en el presente documento, también da cuenta del paisaje a la llegada de los ibéricos. Otros registros importantes que describen las condiciones geográficas e históricas de la costa michoacana en el Estudio costero del Suroccidente de Michoacán primer siglo de colonización son las llamadas Relaciones geográficas, fechadas entre 1579 y 1581 e integradas por cuatro documentos: Relación de Zacatula, Relación de la provincia de Motines, Relación de Quacoman y Relación de Maquilí, Alimanzi, Cuzcaquautla y Epatán (Del Paso y Troncoso, 1905; Ochoa y Sánchez, 1985). crónicas e informes. La constante, tal como en las Relaciones geográficas, es Posteriores a estas primicias historiográficas, aparecen otras tantas la evaluación del potencial del litoral michoacano para el establecimiento de astilleros, puertos o para la explotación de recursos naturales. En el siglo XVII, Joannes de Laet, en su Mundo Nuevo o descripción de las Indias Occidentales, detalla algunas características sobre Zacatula. Nicolás de Cardona habla de la desembocadura del río Coahuayana en las Descripciones geográficas e hidrográficas. Para el XVIII, Antonio de Villaseñor y Sánchez (1746) dedica algunas líneas a la región en su Theatro Americano y Diego de Lazaga (1792) escribe la Descripción topográfica del Partido de Motines del Oro. En el siglo XIX, en el Análisis estadístico de la Provincia de Michoacán de Juan José Martínez de Lejarza (1822), se dedica un apartado al partido de Coahuayana o Motines del Oro. Unos años después, Eduard Mühlenpfordt (1844) describe el potencial portuario y de recursos minerales y naturales del litoral michoacano en su Ensayo de una fiel descripción de la república de México.1 Es en el siglo XX cuando aparecen los primeros esfuerzos de investigación humanística y científica en la costa michoacana. Ignacio del Castillo y Raúl de la Cruz Labarthe (1965) elabora su tesis de maestría reconstruyendo Guerrero (1946) realizan una expedición etnográfica y lingüística; María históricamente la provincia de Zacatula. Sin embargo, desde un punto de vista disciplinario geográfico e histórico, es la incursión de la llamada Escuela de Berkeley, a través de la figura de Donald Brand, la que aporta datos novedosos y norteamericana.
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