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UK-Turkey Relations and Turkey's Regional Role

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UK-Turkey Relations and Turkey's Regional Role House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee UK-Turkey Relations and Turkey’s Regional Role This is a volume of submissions, relevant to the inquiry ‘UK-Turkey Relations and Turkey’s Regional Role, which have been reported to the House. Only those submissions written specifically for the Committee have been included. Ordered to be published on Tuesday 11 October and Monday 21 November 2011 List of unprinted written evidence Page 1 Foreign and Commonwealth Office 1 2 MigrationwatchUK 12 3 Bill Park 15 4 Dimitar Bechev 26 5 Human Rights Watch 33 6 European Azerbaijan Society 39 7 Embassy of Turkey 43 8 Bahar Yesim Deniz 52 9 Sir David Logan 53 10 Firat Cengiz and Lars Hoffmann 62 11 Scotch Whisky Association 71 12 Peace in Kurdistan 77 13 City of London Corporation 83 14 Fadi Hakura 85 15 Professor Clement Dodd 94 16 Turkish Area Study Group (TASG) 102 17 Dr Gülnur Aybet 113 18 Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 122 19 Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 123 20 European Citizen Action Service 128 21 Economic Development Foundation 134 22 John Roberts 141 23 British Council 149 24 TheCityUK 154 25 CBI 161 26 BBC World Service 164 TK 02 Written Evidence from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office How should the Government’s efforts to strengthen UK-Turkey relations be assessed, especially with respect to the economic and commercial spheres? 1. The Government has identified Turkey as one of the emerging powers with which the UK must strengthen its bilateral relationship. This reflects Turkey’s impressive economic performance and influence as an international actor. Turkey is set to be the second fastest growing economy in the world by 2017. It has the highest youth population and fourth largest labour force compared to the current 27 member states of the EU. Turkey’s international weight/stature is also growing: as a member of the G20, NATO, the OSCE and Council of Europe, and as a recent member of the UN Security Council. Turkey is also important as a strategic energy transit route, with the potential to bring new Caspian and Iraqi gas supplies to the EU. 2. The Government, like its predecessors, strongly supports Turkey’s ambition to join the European Union, and the reform process underway to bring Turkey into line with the EU acquis. The strength of the UK’s commitment underpins the development of our relationships across the bilateral agenda with Turkey. 3. Recognising Turkey’s growing economic and political importance, the Prime Minister chose Turkey for one of his first international visits in office (July 2010). During this visit, the Prime Ministers of the UK and Turkey signed a new UK-Turkey Strategic Partnership Agreement that sets out our ambition to deepen co-operation across the full range of shared interests, including trade, defence, security, energy and foreign policy. This Strategic Partnership sets the agenda for elevating our bilateral relationship with Turkey and for measuring our success. 4. During that visit the Prime Minister also set a goal of doubling UK/Turkey trade within five years. UKTI’s strategy for realising this goal is based on continued promotion of the UK as a rewarding place for foreign investment; and prioritising trade promotion activities in the following sectors: ICT, energy, infrastructure, financial and business services, defence, and education and skills. The strategy also includes action to address market access issues; and to promote joint ventures between Turkish and UK firms in third countries such as Iraq and the Central Asian republics. We will intensify UK-Turkey collaboration in the fields of research, science and innovation through a Knowledge Partnership. We hope to launch this Partnership in September this year when the Secretary of State for Business visits Turkey. 1 5. The State visit of President Gul to the UK in November this year also offers significant opportunities to intensify our commercial and economic relationship. The President will address UK financial and business leaders at the Guildhall and in various other fora. 6. UK exports to Turkey increased by 38% in 2010. Figures for the first half of 2011 already show an increase of 31% over the same period in 2010. This reflects a growing interest from UK firms in exporting to and investing in Turkey together with commensurate support from the UKTI network in Turkey. Continued dialogue with the Turkish government on market access issues remains central to our continued success and the achievement of the goal of doubling trade. 7. We are reinforcing our commercial diplomacy team in Turkey as part of the FCO’s strategic shift of resources, and developing our regional network in Turkey. We are also upgrading the post of Consul General in Istanbul/Director of UKTI for Turkey, and giving the UKTI part of the position, a regional role, to ensure that we make the most of the opportunities on offer. To what extent is Turkey a helpful partner for the Government’s foreign and security policy, in the Middle East and North Africa, the South Caucasus, Central Asia or the Western Balkans? To what extent is Turkey such a partner for the UK in NATO? 8. Turkey has a strong network of relationships and influence in regions where UK interests are significant: North Africa, the Middle East, Afghanistan-Pakistan and the Western Balkans. This network of relationships, combined with Turkey’s status as NATO ally, and membership of a wide range of international organisations such as the G20, makes Turkey a valuable foreign policy partner for the UK and EU. This is another reason for the UK’s active support for Turkey’s EU accession prospects and current plans to promote EU-Turkey foreign policy dialogue. 9. In the Middle East and North Africa, the FCO is encouraging the Turkish government to use its network of relationships to strengthen democracy and economic development in the region. As a NATO ally, Turkey has provided vital military support to the NATO mission in Libya (the arms embargo element, and refuelling aircraft), supported the DFID-led international stabilisation team in Benghazi, and provided humanitarian assistance. Turkey also represented the UK’s interests in Libya at the beginning of the crisis (up until May) following the departure of our staff. Through its membership of the Libya Contact Group (and hosting of a meeting of the Group in July), Turkey has helped to galvanise international support for a political transition and plans for post-conflict stabilisation, led by the Libya people. On Syria, the FCO is working closely with Turkey to press the Syrian government on the need to carry out meaningful political reforms and to end its violent repression of peaceful protests. The UK government welcomes the humanitarian support that Turkey has provided to refugees that have crossed the Syrian border into southern Turkey. 2 10. The FCO is encouraging Turkey to urge Iran to engage seriously on the nuclear issue within the framework of the E3+3 process. The FCO is keen to see Turkey, together with the rest of the international community, continue to exert pressure on Iran, through rigorous implementation of UN sanctions. 11. A strong Turkey-Israel relationship has an important role to play in establishing stability and progress in the Middle East. That relationship has deteriorated because of policy differences over Gaza and the deaths of nine Turkish citizens when Israeli service personnel stopped a Gaza-bound flotilla in 2010. The FCO strongly supports the current/recent talks between the two governments, and encourages both sides to come to a satisfactory conclusion, so that the relationship can be restored. 12. Turkey has a strong network of relationships in other countries/regions in which UK interests are significant, notably Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Western Balkans. As a NATO ally, Turkey contributes essential military support to the ISAF mission in Afghanistan. It provides a vital access route (principally through Incirlik airbase) and provides approximately 1800 troops to the ISAF mission. It contributes two provincial reconstruction teams and is heavily engaged in training of the Afghan police and armed forces. Turkey is now the lead facilitator of efforts to foster regional support for security and stability in Afghanistan, and will host a major international conference in Istanbul on 2 November bringing together this work. 13. In the Western Balkans, the FCO welcomes Turkey’s role in encouraging reconciliation between the Bosniak and Serbian populations, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The trilateral Istanbul process has provided a helpful impetus to this reconciliation process and we hope that it can also encourage state-level Government formation in BiH. Furthermore, Turkey has undertaken to use its influence in the Islamic world to build support for Kosovan independence. The FCO will continue to seek ways of working with Turkey to build peace in the Western Balkans. 14. The FCO continues to encourage the normalisation of relations between Turkey and Armenia. We hope that the Governments of both Turkey and Armenia can work to take the normalisation process forward for the benefit of both countries and the wider region. 15. The FCO values Turkey’s contribution to the work of the international security institutions. Turkey makes important contributions to the EU’s CSDP missions in Kosovo and Bosnia and the UN’s peacekeeping mission in Lebanon. 16. Turkey is a vital ally for the UK in NATO, making an active and significant contribution to operations and missions which support the UK’s and the Alliance’s interests, including Afghanistan; NATO’s operation to enforce the arms embargo in Libya; Kosovo; and NATO’s counter-terrorist and counter-piracy operations. Turkey is the largest non-EU contributor to EU Common Security and Defence Policy missions, including in Bosnia and Kosovo.
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