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Home , Kalachuris of Tripuri, Pala Empire, Shashanka, Srichandra

9/17/2021 Kingdoms in Gauda Kingdom, Pala , Chandras, Devas, Eastern Gangas, , Gujara Pratiharas and C…

Examrace Kingdoms in India-Gauda Kingdom, , Chandras, Devas, Eastern Gangas, Kalachuris of Tripuri, Gujara-Pratiharas and Candellas of Jejakabhukt

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1 of 9 9/17/2021 Kingdoms in India Gauda Kingdom, Pala Empire, Chandras, Devas, Eastern Gangas, Kalachuris of Tripuri, Gujara Pratiharas and C…

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Gauda Kingdome (590 – 626 AD)

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Gauda Kingdom was a Kingdom located in in ancient and medieval times.

King has separate political entity in a unified Bengal called Gauda.

4 of 9 9/17/2021 Kingdoms in India Gauda Kingdom, Pala Empire, Chandras, Devas, Eastern Gangas, Kalachuris of Tripuri, Gujara Pratiharas and C…

Kings:

1. Shashanka (590 - 625)

2. Manava (625 - 626)

(1) Shashanka (590 - 625) He ruled in 7th century AD, from 590 AD and 625 AD.

He is the contemporary of and of Bhaskar Varman of .

His capital was at , 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south-west of Baharampur, headquarters of district.

The development of the Bengali calendar is often attributed to Shashanka because the starting date falls within his reign.

(2) Manava (625 - 626) Manava was the son and the king of Gauda, Shashanka.

He has succeeded hi father after his death.

He was the last recorded ruler of the dynasty and was likely deposed by Harshavardhana or Bhaskaravarman.

He ruled as king for 8 months.

As per Sharadindu Bandhyopadhyay՚s Novel ‘Gour Mallar’ ManabDeb (King Manava) had his son.

His name was ‘Bajra Dev’ (Bajra) and he was the king of Gauda for only 1 day.

Pala Empire of Bengal During the Late Classical period on the , which originated in the region of Bengal the Pala Empire was an imperial power.

Named after ruling dynasty rulers bore names ending with the suffix of Pala, which meant “protector” in the ancient language of Prakrit.

They were followers of the and Tantric schools of .

The empire was founded when Gopala was elected as emperor of Gauda in 750.

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Gopala (Ruled C. – 770s CE) Gopala was the founder of the of Bengal region of the Indian Subcontinent.

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The last morpheme of his name Pala means “protector” and was used as an ending for the names of all the Pala monarchs.

Pala does not suggest or indicate any ethnic or caste considerations of the Pala dynasty.

He came to power around 750 CE in Gaur after being elected by a group of regional chieftains.

According to Tibetan Taranath: Gopala built the celebrated monastery at and reigned for 45 years

Dharmapala: 770 - 810 a. D (ruled ) was the second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian Subcontinent.

He was the son Gopala and succeeds him.

He greatly expanded the boundaries of the empire, and made the Palas a dominant power in the northern and eastern India.

He was called as Vangapati or Gaudesvara

Mudagiri (Monghyr) was the capital of the Palas.

He had been regarded as the Uttarapathaswami

Bhoja, Matsya, Madra, Kuru, Yadu, Yavana, , and Kira paid obeisance to Dharmapala.

Defeated Indrayudh and installed Chakrayudh.

Defeated by Pratihara Nagabhatta II and seized .

Founded University and revived University.

Chandras Inhabitants: Rohitagiri ( feudatories of Palas) Capital: Vikrampura

Srichandra: 925 - 975 a. D Son of Trailokyachavdra. Declared independence and brought all the chiefs of Vanga and captured Chand-radvipa.

Kalyanachandra, Ladaha-chandra and Govindchandra was defeated by Rajendra Chola in 1025.

Overthrown by Yadavas, also known as Varmanas.

Varmanas Inhabitants: Yadava race were originally the ruler of Simhapur (Singur ) Senas

Inhabitant: Daksinapth; Founder Samantasena himself, of Karnata and born in a family of Brahman Kshatriya at a place called Radha in

Vijavasena: 1093 Deopara inscriptions composed by the poet Dhoyi defeated , Vira, Gauda, Kamrupa. Gauda wrested from last Pala King Madanapala.

Capitals: Vikramapura, East Bengal, Vijayapura, West Bengal;

Ballalasena: 1165 - 1185 Laghubharata and Ballalacarita inform that he included .

Wrote Danasagara on Smriti; and Adbhutasgara on astronomy.

Introduced Kulinism in Bengal.

Laksmanasena: 1187 Defeated of Gahadavala

Defeated King of Kasi and conquered Prayagjotisa

Bakhtiyar Khalji made attack on 1194 and wrested Nadia (Lakshmanavati or Lakhnauti) and forced him to Vikramapura 6 of 9 9/17/2021 Kingdoms in India Gauda Kingdom, Pala Empire, Chandras, Devas, Eastern Gangas, Kalachuris of Tripuri, Gujara Pratiharas and C…

Devout of

Founded Lakhnauti

Patronized Gita Govinda՚s author, Jayadeva,

Dhoyi who wrote Pavanadutam,

Halayudha, the linguist

Devas Inhabitant: reigned in lower Bengal.

Founder: Damodara: supremacy over Samatata

Dasrathadeva: conquered Vanga

Transferred his capital to Vikrampura

Eastern Gangas Inhabitants: Kolahala (Kolar)

Therefore branch of Gangas of Mysore

Anantavarman Choda Ganga: 1077 - 1147

Father Rajaraja Ganga by his Chola wife: Rajasundri daughter of Rajendra Chola

Invaded by Lakshmansena

Continued struggle with Turks.

Kalachuris of Tripuri The Kalachuri Empire was the name used by two kingdoms who had a succession of dynasties from the 10th - 12th centuries, one ruling over areas in Central India and were called Chedi or Haihaya and the other the southern Kalachuri who ruled over parts of Karnataka

Gujara-Pratiharas

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Inhabitants: 36 clans, first local officials to carve out a series of privilege and Agni-Kula origin, traces antecedents from Lakshmana

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The Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty, also known as the Pratihara Empire, was an Indian imperial power that ruled much of Northern India from the mid- 7th to the 11th century.

It is named after its ruling dynasty, whose rulers were members of the Gurjara (Gurjar) and Pratihara tribes; who were followers of . Some of their clans later came to be known as Rajputs.

They ruled first at Ujjain and later at Kannauj

Mihir : 836 - 885A. D Titles: Mihira and Adivaraha

The Arab traveller, Sulaiman, writing in 851 A. D. , pays tribute to the efficiency of Bhoja՚s administration

Mahendrapala I: 885 - 908 Mahendrapala I was a ruler of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, the son of Mihir Bhoja I and queen Candra-Bhatta- Rika-Devi.

He was also mentioned on various inscriptions in Kathiawar, Punjab and by names Mahindrapala, Mahendrayudha, Mahisapaladeva, and also Nirbhayaraja and Nirbhayanarendra in the plays of Rajasekhara.

Patronized Rajasekhara-author of Kapuramanjari and Kavyamimansa

Candellas of Jejakabhukti:

Inhabitant: Also known as Candratreyas ruled Bundel-khanda.

Capital: Kharjuravahaka.

Founder: Nannuka

Vidyadhara Ghazni invasion 1019 and 1022

Killed the Pratihara king Rajyapala in 1019

Finally Qutubuddin captured, most dedicated resistance against Ghazni

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