THE WELSH at GALLIPOLI Rhagair Cynnwys Foreword Contents

Y CYMRY YN GALLIPOLI THE WELSH AT GALLIPOLI Rhagair Cynnwys Foreword Contents Y Cymry yn Gallipoli 01 The Welsh at Gallipoli Pam y Dardanelles? 02 Why the Dardanelles? Llinell Amser – Ymgyrch Gallipoli 03 Timeline – The Gallipoli Campaign Ymgyrch y Llynges 04 The Naval Campaign Y GWIR ANRH. CARWYN JONES, AC Stori Môr-filwr 05 PRIF WEINIDOG CYMRU A Marine’s Story Mae canmlwyddiant y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf yn gyfle pwysig Glaniadau Mis Ebrill 06 inni gofio’r pris a delir mewn rhyfel, ac i gofio hefyd The April Landings aberth a dewrder pawb sy’n dioddef yn ei sgil. Roedd ymgyrch Gallipoli yn frwydr galed ac, yn y pen draw, yn Traeth V – Dwy Groes Fictoria i Gymru 07 ymgyrch aflwyddiannus. Serch hynny mae’n bwysig bod V Beach – Two Welsh Victoria Crosses pob un ohonom yn clywed ac yn cofio’r hanes, er enghraifft storïau dynion fel Bechgyn Chwarel Penmaenmawr, a gofrestrodd gyda’i gilydd ac a gollwyd Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, Croes Fictoria 08 i’w teuluoedd a’u cymunedau. Able Seaman William Charles Williams, VC Hoffwn ddiolch i Mrs Anne Pedley a’i chyd-ymddiriedolwyr Lt Cyrnol Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie, Croes Fictoria 09 yn Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig yng Lt Colonel Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie, VC Nghaernarfon am greu arddangosfa mor addysgiadol a chofiadwy, er mwyn adrodd stori’r Cymry yn Gallipoli. ANZAC – 25 Ebrill 1915 10 Wrth i’r arddangosfa fynd ar ei thaith drwy Gymru, rwy’n ANZAC – 25th April 1915 si wˆr y bydd llawer o storïau newydd yn dod i’r amlwg, ac y byddwn yn dod i ddeall yn well sut y gwnaeth Gallipoli effeithio ar gymaint o fywydau a chymunedau, a pharhau Y Glaniadau ym Mae Suvla – Awst 1915 11 i wneud hynny wedi digwyddiadau 1915. The Landings at Suvla Bay – August 1915 Y Drenewydd yn y Rhyfel 12 RT. HON. CARWYN JONES, AM Newtown at War FIRST MINISTER OF WALES Neuadd Gregynog – y Chwiorydd Davies a Gallipoli 13 The centenary of the First World War is an important Gregynog Hall – the Davies Sisters and Gallipoli opportunity for us to reflect on the cost of war, and to remember the sacrifice and courage of all those involved. The Gallipoli campaign was a hard fought and ultimately Hogiau Chwarel Penmaenmawr 14 unsuccessful campaign but the stories of Welsh The Penmaenmawr Quarry Boys servicemen who took part need to be told and remembered by all of us. Men such as the Penmaenmawr Y Storm Fawr 17 Quarry Boys who joined together and were lost to their The Great Storm families and their local communities. Yr Ymgiliad 18 I would like to thank Mrs Anne Pedley and her fellow The Evacuation Trustees at the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum, Caernarfon for creating such an informative and memorable Safbwynt y Tyrciaid o’r Ymgyrch 19 exhibition telling the story of the Welsh at Gallipoli. As it tours through Wales, I am sure that many new stories will The Turkish Perspective on the Campaign emerge which will add to our understanding of how Gallipoli affected many lives and communities after the Cofebau 20 events of 1915. Memorials Yn 2015, mae canmlwyddiant ymgyrch Gallipoli. 2015 is the centenary of the Gallipoli campaign. Mae Gallipoli wedi’i hanfarwoli yn atgofion pobl Gallipoli is immortalised in the memories of people Awstralia a Seland Newydd oherwydd ffurfiodd eu of Australia and New Zealand whose men formed gwyˆr fudiad enwog yr Australian and New Zealand the famous Australian and New Zealand Army Army Corps (ANZAC). Corps [ANZAC]. Ar ddechrau’r Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, gwledydd ifanc oedd Awstralia a Seland At the start of the First World War, Australia and New Zealand were young Newydd gyda phoblogaethau bach o 5 miliwn ac 1 miliwn o bobl yn y drefn countries with small populations of 5 million and 1 million each. After honno. Yn sgil dioddef dros 11,000 o golledigion a bron 25,000 o suffering casualties of over 11,000 dead and nearly 25,000 wounded, a glwyfedigion, anogwyd diwrnod i gofio mor gynnar â 1916. Mae hyn wedi day of remembrance was instigated as early as 1916. This has ensured that sicrhau na fydd bywydau’r rhai a gollwyd yn ystod ymgyrch Gallipoli fyth yn those who lost their lives during the Gallipoli campaign will never be cael eu hanghofio. forgotten. Brwydrodd gwyˆr o sawl gwlad ochr yn ochr â gwyˆr ANZAC yn Gallipoli – o Men from many nations fought alongside the ANZACs at Gallipoli – from France, Ffrainc, Y Tir Newydd ac India – yn ogystal â milwyr o’r holl wledydd cartref. Newfoundland and India – as well as soldiers from all the home nations. Fel Awstralia a Seland Newydd, roedd poblogaeth Cymru’n fach ac yn aml, Like Australia and New Zealand, the population of Wales was small and it is mae pobl yn anghofio mai yn Gallipoli y gwelwyd rhai o ddiwrnodau tywyllaf often forgotten that Gallipoli saw some of the blackest days of the entire y rhyfel cyfan i Gymru, yn enwedig ym mis Awst pan aeth y 53ydd Adran war for Wales, especially in August when the 53rd [Welsh] Division went [Cymreig] i ymladd ym Mae Suvla. into action at Suvla Bay. Erbyn diwedd ymgyrch Gallipoli, roedd dros 1,500 o wyˆr By the end of the Gallipoli campaign, over 1,500 men o Gyffinwyr De Cymru, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig, from the South Wales Borderers, the Royal Welsh Iwmoniaeth Ceffylau Cymru, Y Gatrawd Gymreig a sawl Fusiliers, the Welsh Horse Yeomanry, the Welch Regiment un a fu’n ymladd mewn catrodau eraill, wedi marw. and many fighting in other regiments had died. Dyma stori’r Cymry yn Gallipoli. This is the story of the Welsh at Gallipoli. Byddin dda o 50,000 o wyˆr a grym y môr - dyna “A good army of 50,000 men and sea power – ddiwedd bygythiad Twrci.” that is the end of the Turkish menace.” Winston Churchill 1915 Winston Churchill 1915 “Un noson, pan oeddwn i’n dychwelyd i’r “One night when I was going to HQ from the pencadlys o’r ffosydd, clywais swˆ n dynion yn y trenches I heard some men in the dark so tywyllwch felly tynnais fy mhistol ac aros. Pan pulled out my revolver and waited, when they ddaethant yn nes, clywais mai ein dynion ni came nearer I heard they were our men, two oedden nhw, dau yn helpu gwˆ r oedd wedi’i were helping a man badly shot-through the saethu’n wael trwy’r cluniau. Stopiais i nhw i thighs. I stopped them to see if I could do weld a allwn i wneud unrhyw beth - ond ni allwn anything – but was unable – the dying man - yr unig beth ddywedodd y gwˆ r oedd yn marw only said “I have tried to do my duty so nothing oedd “Drïais i wneud fy nyletswydd felly dyna’i else matters.” The cries of the wounded were gyd sy’n bwysig.” Roedd swˆ n llefain y clwyfedig too awful all night.” yn ddychrynllyd drwy’r nos.” Frank Mills yn y ffosydd yn Frank Mills in the trenches Captain Frank Mills, 6th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers Y Capten Frank Mills, 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Gallipoli at Gallipoli Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Courtesy of the Royal Welch Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Fusiliers Museum Cyffinwyr De Cymru Y Gatrawd Gymreig South Wales Borderers Welch Regiment Iwmoniaeth Ceffylau Cymru Sir Drefaldwyn Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig The Montgomeryshire Yeomanry Royal Welsh Fusiliers The Welsh Horse Diolch i Richard Ward / Courtesy of Richard Ward 1 Nid oedd y rhyfel ar y Ffrynt Gorllewinol ar ben “erbyn The war on the Western Front was not “over by “Dylai’r Morlys baratoi am y Nadolig”. Roedd cyflymdra symudiad y rhyfel a Christmas”. The fast-paced war of movement that Gyrch Llyngesol ym mis Chwefror er mwyn peledu a reolodd y rhan fwyaf o 1914 wedi’i ddisodli gan linell dominated most of 1914 had been replaced by a chipio Penrhyn Gallipoli, gyda o ffosydd a arweiniodd at sefyllfa ddiddatrys. Roedd line of trenches resulting in deadlock. The British Constantinople yn nod iddo.” Cyngor Prydeinig y Rhyfel yn chwilio am ffordd arall o War Council were looking for another way to end Cyngor Prydeinig y Rhyfel ddod â’r rhyfel i ben yn gyflym. the war swiftly. “The Admiralty should prepare Ym mis Awst 1914, trechwyd byddin Rwsia ym In August 1914, the Russian army had been for a Naval Expedition in mrwydr Tannenberg ond parhaodd i ddal adnoddau defeated at the battle of Tannenberg although it February to bombard and take enfawr o fyddin yr Almaen i fyny ar y Ffrynt Dwyreiniol. continued to tie up huge resources of the German the Gallipoli Peninsula, with O boeni fod porthladdoedd Odessa a Sebastopol y Môr army on the Eastern Front. Worried that their Black Constantinople its objective.” British War Council Du mewn perygl o gael eu hymosod arnynt, galwodd Sea ports of Odessa and Sebastopol were in danger Rwsia ar Brydain Fawr a Ffrainc am gymorth. of being attacked, Russia called on Great Britain and Os oedd modd gorfodi Twrci, oedd yn rhan o’r France for assistance. Ymerodraeth Otoman, ac wedi’i chynghreirio i’r If Turkey, part of the Ottoman Empire, and allied to Pwerau Canol, allan o’r rhyfel, byddai modd sefydlu the Central Powers, could be forced out of the war, cyflenwadau i Rwsia. Byddai hyn yn galluogi mynediad supply lines to Russia could be established. This i feysydd olew Persia, byddai Camlas Swˆes yn parhau i would enable access to the Persian oilfields, the Suez gael ei hamddiffyn a byddai modd ymosod ar yr Canal would remain protected and Germany could Almaen o ffrynt arall.

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