Y CYMRY YN GALLIPOLI THE WELSH AT GALLIPOLI Rhagair Cynnwys Foreword Contents

Y Cymry yn Gallipoli 01 The Welsh at Gallipoli

Pam y Dardanelles? 02 Why the Dardanelles?

Llinell Amser – Ymgyrch Gallipoli 03 Timeline – The Gallipoli Campaign

Ymgyrch y Llynges 04 The Naval Campaign

Y GWIR ANRH. CARWYN JONES, AC Stori Môr-filwr 05 PRIF WEINIDOG CYMRU A Marine’s Story

Mae canmlwyddiant y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf yn gyfle pwysig Glaniadau Mis Ebrill 06 inni gofio’r pris a delir mewn rhyfel, ac i gofio hefyd The April Landings aberth a dewrder pawb sy’n dioddef yn ei sgil. Roedd ymgyrch Gallipoli yn frwydr galed ac, yn y pen draw, yn Traeth V – Dwy Groes Fictoria i Gymru 07 ymgyrch aflwyddiannus. Serch hynny mae’n bwysig bod V Beach – Two Welsh Victoria Crosses pob un ohonom yn clywed ac yn cofio’r hanes, er enghraifft storïau dynion fel Bechgyn Chwarel Penmaenmawr, a gofrestrodd gyda’i gilydd ac a gollwyd Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, Croes Fictoria 08 i’w teuluoedd a’u cymunedau. Able Seaman William Charles Williams, VC

Hoffwn ddiolch i Mrs Anne Pedley a’i chyd-ymddiriedolwyr Lt Cyrnol Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie, Croes Fictoria 09 yn Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig yng Lt Colonel Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie, VC Nghaernarfon am greu arddangosfa mor addysgiadol a chofiadwy, er mwyn adrodd stori’r Cymry yn Gallipoli. ANZAC – 25 Ebrill 1915 10 Wrth i’r arddangosfa fynd ar ei thaith drwy Gymru, rwy’n ANZAC – 25th April 1915 si wˆr y bydd llawer o storïau newydd yn dod i’r amlwg, ac y byddwn yn dod i ddeall yn well sut y gwnaeth Gallipoli effeithio ar gymaint o fywydau a chymunedau, a pharhau Y Glaniadau ym Mae Suvla – Awst 1915 11 i wneud hynny wedi digwyddiadau 1915. The Landings at Suvla Bay – August 1915

Y Drenewydd yn y Rhyfel 12 RT. HON. CARWYN JONES, AM Newtown at War FIRST MINISTER OF WALES Neuadd Gregynog – y Chwiorydd Davies a Gallipoli 13 The centenary of the First World War is an important Gregynog Hall – the Davies Sisters and Gallipoli opportunity for us to reflect on the cost of war, and to remember the sacrifice and courage of all those involved. The Gallipoli campaign was a hard fought and ultimately Hogiau Chwarel Penmaenmawr 14 unsuccessful campaign but the stories of Welsh The Penmaenmawr Quarry Boys servicemen who took part need to be told and remembered by all of us. Men such as the Penmaenmawr Y Storm Fawr 17 Quarry Boys who joined together and were lost to their The Great Storm families and their local communities. Yr Ymgiliad 18 I would like to thank Mrs Anne Pedley and her fellow The Evacuation Trustees at the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum, Caernarfon for creating such an informative and memorable Safbwynt y Tyrciaid o’r Ymgyrch 19 exhibition telling the story of the Welsh at Gallipoli. As it tours through Wales, I am sure that many new stories will The Turkish Perspective on the Campaign emerge which will add to our understanding of how Gallipoli affected many lives and communities after the Cofebau 20 events of 1915. Memorials         

Yn 2015, mae canmlwyddiant ymgyrch Gallipoli. 2015 is the centenary of the Gallipoli campaign. Mae Gallipoli wedi’i hanfarwoli yn atgofion pobl Gallipoli is immortalised in the memories of people Awstralia a Seland Newydd oherwydd ffurfiodd eu of Australia and New Zealand whose men formed gwyˆr fudiad enwog yr Australian and New Zealand the famous Australian and New Zealand Army Army Corps (ANZAC). Corps [ANZAC]. Ar ddechrau’r Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, gwledydd ifanc oedd Awstralia a Seland At the start of the First World War, Australia and New Zealand were young Newydd gyda phoblogaethau bach o 5 miliwn ac 1 miliwn o bobl yn y drefn countries with small populations of 5 million and 1 million each. After honno. Yn sgil dioddef dros 11,000 o golledigion a bron 25,000 o suffering casualties of over 11,000 dead and nearly 25,000 wounded, a glwyfedigion, anogwyd diwrnod i gofio mor gynnar â 1916. Mae hyn wedi day of remembrance was instigated as early as 1916. This has ensured that sicrhau na fydd bywydau’r rhai a gollwyd yn ystod ymgyrch Gallipoli fyth yn those who lost their lives during the Gallipoli campaign will never be cael eu hanghofio. forgotten. Brwydrodd gwyˆr o sawl gwlad ochr yn ochr â gwyˆr ANZAC yn Gallipoli – o Men from many nations fought alongside the ANZACs at Gallipoli – from France, Ffrainc, Y Tir Newydd ac India – yn ogystal â milwyr o’r holl wledydd cartref. Newfoundland and India – as well as soldiers from all the home nations. Fel Awstralia a Seland Newydd, roedd poblogaeth Cymru’n fach ac yn aml, Like Australia and New Zealand, the population of Wales was small and it is mae pobl yn anghofio mai yn Gallipoli y gwelwyd rhai o ddiwrnodau tywyllaf often forgotten that Gallipoli saw some of the blackest days of the entire y rhyfel cyfan i Gymru, yn enwedig ym mis Awst pan aeth y 53ydd Adran war for Wales, especially in August when the 53rd [Welsh] Division went [Cymreig] i ymladd ym Mae Suvla. into action at Suvla Bay. Erbyn diwedd ymgyrch Gallipoli, roedd dros 1,500 o wyˆr By the end of the Gallipoli campaign, over 1,500 men o Gyffinwyr De Cymru, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig, from the South Wales Borderers, the Royal Welsh Iwmoniaeth Ceffylau Cymru, Y Gatrawd Gymreig a sawl Fusiliers, the Welsh Horse Yeomanry, the Welch Regiment un a fu’n ymladd mewn catrodau eraill, wedi marw. and many fighting in other regiments had died. Dyma stori’r Cymry yn Gallipoli. This is the story of the Welsh at Gallipoli.

Byddin dda o 50,000 o wyˆr a grym y môr - dyna “A good army of 50,000 men and sea power – ddiwedd bygythiad Twrci.” that is the end of the Turkish menace.” Winston Churchill 1915 Winston Churchill 1915

“Un noson, pan oeddwn i’n dychwelyd i’r “One night when I was going to HQ from the pencadlys o’r ffosydd, clywais swˆ n dynion yn y trenches I heard some men in the dark so tywyllwch felly tynnais fy mhistol ac aros. Pan pulled out my revolver and waited, when they ddaethant yn nes, clywais mai ein dynion ni came nearer I heard they were our men, two oedden nhw, dau yn helpu gwˆ r oedd wedi’i were helping a man badly shot-through the saethu’n wael trwy’r cluniau. Stopiais i nhw i thighs. I stopped them to see if I could do weld a allwn i wneud unrhyw beth - ond ni allwn anything – but was unable – the dying man - yr unig beth ddywedodd y gwˆ r oedd yn marw only said “I have tried to do my duty so nothing oedd “Drïais i wneud fy nyletswydd felly dyna’i else matters.” The cries of the wounded were gyd sy’n bwysig.” Roedd swˆ n llefain y clwyfedig too awful all night.” yn ddychrynllyd drwy’r nos.” Frank Mills yn y ffosydd yn Frank Mills in the trenches Captain Frank Mills, 6th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers Y Capten Frank Mills, 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Gallipoli at Gallipoli Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Courtesy of the Royal Welch Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Fusiliers Museum

Cyffinwyr De Cymru Y Gatrawd Gymreig South Wales Borderers Welch Regiment Iwmoniaeth Ceffylau Cymru Sir Drefaldwyn Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig The Montgomeryshire Yeomanry Royal Welsh Fusiliers The Welsh Horse

Diolch i Richard Ward / Courtesy of Richard Ward 1         

Nid oedd y rhyfel ar y Ffrynt Gorllewinol ar ben “erbyn The war on the Western Front was not “over by “Dylai’r Morlys baratoi am y Nadolig”. Roedd cyflymdra symudiad y rhyfel a Christmas”. The fast-paced war of movement that Gyrch Llyngesol ym mis Chwefror er mwyn peledu a reolodd y rhan fwyaf o 1914 wedi’i ddisodli gan linell dominated most of 1914 had been replaced by a chipio Penrhyn Gallipoli, gyda o ffosydd a arweiniodd at sefyllfa ddiddatrys. Roedd line of trenches resulting in deadlock. The British Constantinople yn nod iddo.” Cyngor Prydeinig y Rhyfel yn chwilio am ffordd arall o War Council were looking for another way to end Cyngor Prydeinig y Rhyfel ddod â’r rhyfel i ben yn gyflym. the war swiftly. “The Admiralty should prepare Ym mis Awst 1914, trechwyd byddin Rwsia ym In August 1914, the Russian army had been for a Naval Expedition in mrwydr Tannenberg ond parhaodd i ddal adnoddau defeated at the battle of Tannenberg although it February to bombard and take enfawr o fyddin yr Almaen i fyny ar y Ffrynt Dwyreiniol. continued to tie up huge resources of the German the Gallipoli Peninsula, with O boeni fod porthladdoedd Odessa a Sebastopol y Môr army on the Eastern Front. Worried that their Black Constantinople its objective.” British War Council Du mewn perygl o gael eu hymosod arnynt, galwodd Sea ports of Odessa and Sebastopol were in danger Rwsia ar Brydain Fawr a Ffrainc am gymorth. of being attacked, Russia called on Great Britain and Os oedd modd gorfodi Twrci, oedd yn rhan o’r France for assistance. Ymerodraeth Otoman, ac wedi’i chynghreirio i’r If Turkey, part of the Ottoman Empire, and allied to     Pwerau Canol, allan o’r rhyfel, byddai modd sefydlu the Central Powers, could be forced out of the war,   cyflenwadau i Rwsia. Byddai hyn yn galluogi mynediad supply lines to Russia could be established. This i feysydd olew Persia, byddai Camlas Swˆes yn parhau i would enable access to the Persian oilfields, the Suez gael ei hamddiffyn a byddai modd ymosod ar yr Canal would remain protected and Germany could Almaen o ffrynt arall. be attacked from another front. Ar ôl gwneud y penderfyniad i ymosod ar y Once the decision had been made to attack the Dardanelles, bwriadwyd dinistrio’r amddiffynfeydd Dardanelles, it was planned to destroy the Turkish Twrcaidd wrth y fynedfa i’r Culforoedd. Wedyn, byddai forts at the entrance to the Straits. British and French Jac Yr Undeb Prydain Fawr llongau llynges Prydain a Ffrainc yn parhau i hwylio i naval ships would then continue to sail up The The Union Flag of Great Britain fyny’r Narrows, gan rwystro’r magnelfeydd Twrcaidd ar Narrows, putting out of action the Turkish batteries y lan. Bydden nhw’n dinistrio’r amddiffynfeydd on the shore. They would destroy the inner forts, mewnol wrth i’r llongau pysgota ffrwydron glirio whilst minesweepers would clear any obstacles. unrhyw rwystrau. Pan allai’r grymoedd Cynghreiriol Once Allied forces could proceed up the Straits of the fynd i fyny Culforoedd y Dardanelles ac i mewn i Fôr Dardanelles and into the Sea of Marmora they could Marmora, gallent gipio dinas hynafol Constantinople. take the ancient city of Constantinople. This would Byddai hyn yn gwthio Twrci allan o’r rhyfel ac yn dod â push Turkey out of the war and bring relief to the Baner Ymerodol Ymerawdwr Rwsia 1858 – 1917 Diolch i Trajan 117 rhyddhad i borthladdoedd Môr Du Rwsia. Russian Black Sea ports. Imperial Standard of the Emperor of Russia 1858 – 1917 Courtesy of Trajan 117

Baner Ffrainc French Flag

Gallipoli

Gibraltar Malta

   Alexandria, Egypt       Winston Churchill Tsar Nicholas II O Rwsia Diolch i Paolo Ceruti (OpenStreetMap) Diolch I Ernest Herbert Mills (1974-1942) Tsar Nicholas II of Russia Courtesy of Paolo Ceruti (OpenStreetMap) Courtesy of Ernest Herbert Mills (1874-1942) Q81554©Imperial War Museum

Baner Ymerodraeth Yr Almaen Flag of the German Empire

Diolch i Mrs Joan Shirley Courtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley Baner Ymerodraeth Osmanaidd Diolch i Kerem Özcan Kaiser Wilhelm II King George V Poster Recriwtio Gallipoli Q79121©Imperial War Museum Q70188©Imperial War Museum Flag of the Ottoman Empire Gallipoli Recruiting Poster Courtesy of Kerem Özcan 2 IWM PST0398©Imperial War Museum                 

4 Awst Rhyfel wedi’i Gyhoeddi 4th August War Declared 5 Tachwedd Ffrainc a Phrydain Fawr yn cyhoeddi rhyfel yn erbyn yr 5th November France and Great Britain declares war on the Ottoman Empire Ymerodraeth Otoman sy’n cynnwys Twrci that includes Turkey

13 Ionawr Winston Churchill, Arglwydd Cyntaf yn y Morlys, yn cyflwyno 13th January Winston Churchill, First Sea Lord, presents a plan to the cynllun i Gyngor Prydeinig y Rhyfel er mwyn i’r Llynges British War Council for the Navy to attack the Dardanelles and ymosod ar y Dardanelles ac agor Trydydd Ffrynt open up a Third Front 19 Chwefror Bombardiadau’n cychwyn dan orchymyn y Llyngesydd 19th February Under the command of Admiral Carden – 16 Mawrth Carden – 16th March bombardments commence 12 Mawrth Bombardiadau’r Llynges yn methu. Churchill yn penodi Syr 12th March The Naval bombardments fail. Sir Ian Hamilton appointed to Ian Hamilton i orchymyn Byddin Ymgyrchol y Canoldir command the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force by Churchill 16 Mawrth Y Llyngesydd Carden yn ymddiswyddo ac yn cael ei ddisodli 16th March Admiral Carden resigns and is replaced by Admiral de gan y Llyngesydd de Robeck Robeck 18 Mawrth Ymosodiad llyngesol y Llyngesydd de Robeck yn methu 18th March Admiral de Robeck’s naval attack fails Llong Ryfel Ffrainc, sef “Bouvet” a llongau rhyfel Prydain The French battleship “Bouvet” and British battleships “Irresistible” ac “Ocean” yn suddo “Irresistible” and “Ocean” sunk 25 Ebrill Glaniadau yn Helles ac ANZAC 25th April Landings at Helles and ANZAC 2il Fataliwn Cyffinwyr De Cymru’n glanio ar Draeth “S”, Helles 2nd Battalion South Wales Borderers land at “S” Beach, Helles Ymosodiad Gwrthdyniadol y Ffrancod yn Kum Kale French Diversionary attack at Kum Kale 28 Ebrill – 4 Mehefin Tair brwydr aflwyddiannus i gipio Krithia 28th April – 4th June Three unsuccessful battles to take Krithia 2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru 2nd South Wales Borderers 6 Awst Glaniadau ac ymladd ym Mae Suvla ac ANZAC 6th August Landings and actions at Suvla Bay and ANZAC 4ydd Cyffinwyr De Cymru 4th South Wales Borderers 8fed Catrawd Gymreig 8th Welch Regiment 8fed Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig 8th Royal Welsh Fusiliers Cefnogi 3ydd Brigâd Ceffylau Ysgafn Awstralia yn y Nek Support the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade at The Nek 9 Awst Glaniad ym Mae Suvla 9th August Land at Suvla Bay 53ydd Adran [Cymru] 53rd [Welsh] Division 5ed, 6ed a 7fed Bataliynau’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig 5th, 6th & 7th Battalions Royal Welsh Fusiliers 4edd a 5ed Catrawd Gymreig 4th & 5th Welch Regiment 21 Awst 2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru, 29ain Adran 21st August 2nd South Wales Borderers, 29th Division Ymosodiad ar Fryn Scimitar, Bae Suvla Attack on Scimitar Hill, Suvla Bay Y Ceffylau Cymreig a 4ydd Cyffinwyr De Cymru’n ymladd ar The Welsh Horse and 4th South Wales Borderers in action at Fryn 60 Hill 60 16 Hydref Y Cadfridog Syr Ian Hamilton yn cael ei ddiswyddo a’i 16th October General Sir Ian Hamilton dismissed and replaced by General ddisodli gan y Cadfridog Charles Monro Charles Monro 15 Tachwedd Y Cadlywydd Horatio Kitchener yn ymweld â Gallipoli ac yn 15th November Field Marshal Horatio Kitchener visits Gallipoli and supports cefnogi’r argymhelliad i’r fintai ymgilio the recommendation to evacuate troops 27 – 30 Tachwedd Mae’r Storm Fawr yn para tridiau 27th – 30th November The Great Storm lasts for three days Mae’r cwympedigion yn hynod ddifrifol ar y ddwy ochr Casualties are extremely severe on both sides

Rhagfyr 1915 Y fintai wedi’i hymgilio o Helles, ANZAC a Bae Suvla December 1915 Troops evacuated from Helles, ANZAC and Suvla Bay – Ionawr 1916 –January 1916

“Hwylion ni am 2pm ar y 14eg. Bwyd 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig yn Gorymdeithio Cyn Gadael am Gallipoli ar y bwrdd, bisgedi ci caled a bras Ffotograff – Diolch i Will Morris iawn bob yn eilddydd i de. Gwnaethom 6th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers Marching Prior to Leaving for Gallipoli rai driliau corfforol yn ystod y dydd a Photograph – Courtesy of Will Morris chysgon ni mewn gwelyau crog.”

Dyddiadur R J Davies, 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig – Diolch i’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig

“Sailed at 2 pm on the 14th. Food on board very coarse hard dog biscuits every other day for tea. We did some physical drills during the day and slept in hammocks.” Map Darluniadol o Gallipoli o’r “Graphic” Pictorial Map of Gallipoli from the “Graphic” Diary of R J Davies, 6th Battalion RWF Q70855©Imperial War Museum – Courtesy of Royal Welsh Fusiliers 3         

O Ddyddiadur J W Thomas o Niwbwrch, Ynys Môn, oedd yn gwasanaethu ar HMS “Canopus”:

4 Mawrth, 1915: 19 CHWEFROR – 18 MAWRTH 1915 19th FEBRUARY – 18th MARCH 1915 “Mewn brwydr yn ymosod ar yr Amddiffynfeydd a’r Magnelfeydd, Ar 19 Chwefror, dechreuodd fflyd o longau rhyfel y A fleet of British and French naval warships, including yn chwythu trefi a phentrefi i fyny. llynges Brydeinig a Ffrengig, gan gynnwys llong ryfel the brand-new battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth, Cawsom ambell i glec ein hunain, un trwy fyrddau’r swyddogion, newydd sbon HMS Queen Elizabeth fombardiad ar yr began a bombardment of the Turkish forts guarding cariodd un y prif dopmast i ffwrdd, amddiffynfeydd Twrcaidd oedd yn gwarchod y the entrance to The Narrows on the 19th February. sawl twll ym myrddau’r cwch, fynedfa i’r Narrows. Parhaodd hyn, gyda rhywfaint o This continued, with some success, until bad weather cychod wedi’u taro gan shrapnel. lwyddiant, hyd nes i’r tywydd gwael ar 25 Chwefror on the 25th February forced a break. Sawl clec ar ochr y llong heb gael eu gorfodi i gymryd egwyl. effaith. Neb wedi’u clwyfo.” A final disastrous attempt was made to force The 18 Mawrth, 1915: Gwnaed ymgais drychinebus olaf i orfodi’r Narrows Narrows on the 18th March using the might of British “Aeth y fflyd Brydeinig a Ffrengig i ar 18 Mawrth gan ddefnyddio grym llongau rhyfel and French battleships. Three British warships had fyny’r Dardanelles. Am 4 o’r gloch Prydain a Ffrainc. Suddwyd tair llong ryfel Brydeinig been sunk due to mines – the “Inflexible” the yr hwyr, suddwyd Llong Ryfel oherwydd ffrwydron – yr “Inflexible”, yr “Irresistible” “Irresistible” and the “Ocean” and two French Ffrengig. Dydw i ddim yn gwybod sawl bywyd a gollwyd eto. Mae a’r “Ocean” a suddwyd dwy long ryfel o Ffrainc hefyd battleships – “Bouvet” and “Gaulois” were also sunk Llong Ryfel Ffrengig arall wedi’i gan ffrwydron, sef “Bouvet” a “Gaulois” a olygodd by mines with the loss of over 600 lives. difrodi’n wael, ond llwyddon nhw i fod dros 600 o fywydau wedi’u colli. gael hi i’r lan. Suddwyd Irresistible, Although Turkish guns had been put out of action ond cafodd bron pawb eu hachub. Er y llwyddwyd i roi stop ar gynnau Twrci a dinistrio and many mines destroyed, the bombardment was a Suddwyd yr Ocean, ac achubwyd nifer fawr o ffrwydron, methiant oedd y bombardiad failure and Turkish forces had been under-estimated. pawb ond un. Cafodd criw ac nid oeddent wedi sylweddoli ar allu lluoedd Twrci. magnelwyr cyfan eu difa ar y The following day, Sir Ian Hamilton arrived at Prince George, sef colled o tua 1500 Cyrhaeddodd Syr Ian Hamilton Gallipoli’r diwrnod Gallipoli and halted the attack, beginning to plan for o wyˆ r. Dyna oedd uffern go iawn.” wedyn a stopio’r ymosodiad, gan ddechrau cynllunio a landing. He was unaware that the Turkish army ar gyfer glaniad. Nid oedd yn ymwybodol fod was nearly out of ammuntion and desperately From the Diary of J W Thomas of Newborough, Anglesey, serving on HMS “Canopus”: cyflenwad ffrwydron rhyfel byddin Twrci bron ar ben needed to re-supply. a bod angen dybryd arnynt i ailgyflenwi’u stoc. General Liman von Sanders, in charge of the Turkish 4th March, 1915: “In action engaging the Forts and Datganodd y Cadfridog Liman von Sanders, oedd army stated: Batteries, blowing up towns and yng ngofal byddin Twrci: villages. Got a few shots ourselves, “If the English Army would only leave one through the Quarterdeck, one “Pe byddai Byddin Lloegr ond yn fy me alone for eight days.” carried away the main topmast, ngadael i’n llonydd am wyth diwrnod.” several holes in the boat decks, boats They left him alone for 29 days…until the landing at smashed by shrapnel. Several shots Rhoesant lonydd iddo am 29 diwrnod…tan y Helles on the 25th April, 1915. on the ship’s side with no effect. No glaniad yn Helles ar 25 Ebrill, 1915. casualties.” 18th March, 1915: “The fleet went up the Dardanelles, British and French. At 4.00 pm a French Battleship was sunk. I don’t know how many lives is lost yet. Another French Battleship badly damaged, they managed to beach her. The Irresistible was sunk, mostly all saved. The Ocean was sunk, all saved except one. A whole guncrew was wiped out on the Prince George, our casualties about 1500 men. It was a proper hell.”

HMS Canopus Q74923©Imperial War Museum

Y Cadfridog Otto Liman von Sanders General Otto Liman von Sanders ©Project Gutenberg

HMS Cornwallis yn Tanio ar Magnelfeydd Twrcaidd HMS Cornwallis Firing on Turkish Batteries 4 Q13682©Imperial War Museum   
      

Atebodd Harry Oswald “Ossie” Fielding o Harry Oswald “Ossie” Fielding from Cardiff Gaerdydd yr alwad i ryfel yn fuan wedi i’r answered the call to arms shortly after war broke rhyfel dorri. Cofrestrodd â Throedfilwyr Ysgafn out. He enlisted in the Royal Marine’s Light y Môr-filwyr Brenhinol gan ymuno â Chwmni Infantry joining “C” Company of the Plymouth “C” Bataliwn Plymouth. Battalion. Erbyn mis Chwefror 1915, roedd yn hwylio By February 1915, he found himself sailing for am Gallipoli ar yr “SS Braemar Castle” er Gallipoli on the “SS Braemar Castle” to take part mwyn cymryd rhan yn y frwydr lyngesol i in the naval battle to silence the Turkish artillery dawelu’r gynnau Twrcaidd oedd yn gwarchod guns guarding the entrance to the Dardanelles. y fynedfa i’r Dardanelles. Ossie landed with the Plymouth Battalion on the Ar 4 Mawrth, glaniodd Ossie gyda Bataliwn 4th March at Kum Kale. His role was to protect Plymouth yn Kum Kale. Ei rôl ef oedd demolition parties tasked with blowing up Turkish diogelu’r partïon dymchwel a gafodd y dasg o guns and ammunition dumps near the village of chwythu gynnau Twrcaidd i fyny a gollwng Yeni Sher. Ossie survived, but seventeen fellow ffrwydron ger pentref Yeni Sher. Goroesodd Marines were killed and the naval campaign was Ossie, ond lladdwyd un deg saith o’i gyd-fôr- abandoned shortly afterward in favour of a full filwyr a gadawyd ymgyrch y llynges yn fuan scale infantry landing on the peninsula. wedi hynny o blaid glaniad graddfa lawn gan On the 25th April, the Plymouth Battalion, along droedfilwyr ar y penrhyn. with a Company from the South Wales Borderers, Ossie ar adeg Glaniadau Gallipoli Ossie at the time of the Gallipoli Landings Ar 25 Ebrill, Bataliwn Plymouth, ynghyd â Diolch i Dr Jonathan P Hicks Courtesy of Dr Jonathan P Hicks were the first to land on Y Beach. Initially, things Chwmni o Gyffinwyr De Cymru, oedd y cyntaf i went well and a small group of Marines were lanio ar Draeth Y. I ddechrau, aeth pethau’n dda ac roedd modd i grwˆp bach o Fôr-filwyr fynd i mewn i able to enter the deserted village of Krithia. bentref diffaith Krithia. Yn eironig, ni chymerwyd y fan strategol hon erioed. Wynebodd y gwˆyr ar Draeth Y Ironically, this strategic point was never taken. saethu dwys gan y Tyrciaid yn ystod y nos a gadawsant ac ymgilion nhw o’r traeth y bore wedyn. The men at Y Beach came under intensive Turkish Wrth i’r ymgyrch fynd yn ei blaen, symudodd y Môr-filwyr i ANZAC a chymerodd Ossie ran yn yr ail a’r fire during the night and were evacuated from trydydd brwydr am Krithia lle’r oedd y gwn Twrcaidd enfawr “Asiatic Annie” yn saethu atynt. the beach the following morning. Erbyn 6 Mehefin, roedd dros hanner y bataliwn, oedd wedi blino oherwydd y brwydro a’r amodau yn As the campaign progressed, the Marines moved ANZAC, yn dioddef o ddysentri ac ar 12 Mehefin, anfonwyd Ossie i’r ysbyty yn dioddef o deiffoid. to ANZAC and Ossie took part in the second and third battles for Krithia coming under fire from the Ni ddaeth rhyfel Ossie i ben yn Gallipoli. Ar ôl iddo wella, aeth ymlaen i wasanaethu yn Scapa Flow a’r huge Turkish gun “Asiatic Annie”. Ffrynt Gorllewinol, gan gymryd comisiwn yn y pen draw gyda Chatrawd Manceinion a gwasanaethu gyda’r 2/8fed Worcesters. By the 6th June, more than half of the battalion, worn down by battle and conditions at ANZAC, were suffering from dysentery and on the 12th June, Ossie was sent to hospital, suffering from enteric fever. Ossie’s war did not end at Gallipoli. Once he recovered he went on to serve at Scapa Flow and the Western Front, eventually taking a commission with the Manchester Regiment and serving with the 2/8th Worcesters.

Diolch i Dr Jonathan P Hicks Courtesy of Dr Jonathan P Hicks

Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Courtesy of the Penmaenmawr Historical Society 5          

2IL FATALIWN CYFFINWYR DE 2ND BATTALION SOUTH WALES CYMRU YN HELLES BORDERERS AT HELLES Ar 25 Ebrill 1915, glaniodd y 29ain Adran wyˆr ar On the 25th April 1915, the 29th Division bum traeth ar ben De-Orllewinol penrhyn Gallipoli landed men at five beaches on the South West a adwaenir fel Helles. Eu bwriad oedd cipio tip of the Gallipoli peninsula known as Helles. pentref Achi Baba. I gyfeiriad y Gogledd, gwnaed Their objective was to capture the village of cam dargyfeiriol gan Adran y Llynges Frenhinol yn Achi Baba. To the North, a diversionary action Bulair. O’r ochr gyferbyn, ar y tir mawr yn Kum was made by the Royal Naval Division at Bulair. Kale, gwnaeth y Ffrancod ymosodiad tebyg i On the opposite side, on the mainland at Kum ddargyfeirio’r sylw o’r prif ymladd yn Helles. Kale, the French made a similar attack to divert Glaniodd 2il Fataliwn Cyffinwyr De Cymru ar attention from the main action at Helles. Draeth “S” ac erbyn 08.30, diogelwyd y sector The 2nd Battalion South Wales Borderers hwn gyda nifer gymharol fach o gwympedigion. landed at “S” Beach and, by 08.30, this sector Ar ôl cipio Magnelfa De Tott, cloddiodd y was secured with comparatively few casualties. bataliwn i mewn ac aros. Lladdwyd 16 o wyˆr, gan After capturing De Tott’s Battery, the battalion gynnwys y Preifat Robert James o Ferthyr Tudful dug in and waited. 16 men were killed, a’r Lefftenant Robert Philip Behrens o Ddinbych. including Private Robert James from Merthyr

Nid oes gan yr un ohonynt feddau y gwyddwn Tydfil and Lt Robert Philip Behrens from Preifat William Harry Smith [Yn eistedd] 2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru – Lladdwyd mewn brwydr 25 Ebrill 1915 amdanynt a chânt eu coffau ar Gofeb Helles. Denbigh. None have known graves and they Diolch i Amgueddfa Gatrodol y Cymry Brenhinol, Aberhonddu are commemorated on the Helles Memorial. Private William Harry Smith [Seated] Gwasanaethodd 2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru ar hyd 2nd South Wales Borderers – Killed in Action 25th April 1915 ymgyrch Gallipoli a chymerasant ran yn y The 2nd South Wales Borderers served Courtesy of The Regimental Museum of the Royal Welsh, Brecon brwydrau i gipio Krithia ym mis Mai a mis throughout the Gallipoli campaign and took Mehefin. Ym mis Awst, symudon nhw i Suvla ac part in the battles to capture Krithia in May and roeddent yn rhan o’r ymosodiad ar Fryn Scimitar. June. In August, they moved to Suvla and were Nhw oedd rhai o’r fintai olaf i adael Gallipoli ym involved in the attack on Scimitar Hill. They mis Ionawr 1916 ac ar ôl cyfnod byr yn yr Aifft, were some of the last troops to leave Gallipoli gadawson nhw i fynd am y Ffrynt Gorllewinol. in January 1916 and after a short spell in Egypt, they left for the Western Front.

Lt Robert Philip Behrens 2il Fataliwn, Cyffinwyr De Cymru Bu farw o’i glwyfau ar fwrdd HMS Cornwallis Fe’i claddwyd yn y môr ac mae’n cael ei goffáu ar Gofeb Helles Diolch i Archif Coleg Caer-wynt Lt Robert Philip Behrens 2nd Battalion, South Wales Borderers Died of his wounds on board HMS Cornwallis Buried at sea and commemorated on the Helles Memorial Courtesy of Winchester College Archive

Lt Rupert Charles Inglis Lt Rupert Charles Inglis 2il Gyffinwyr De Cymru 2nd South Wales Borderers Bu farw o’i glwyfau – 29 Mehefin 1915 Died of Wounds – 29th June 1915 Diolch i Amgueddfa Gatrodol y Cymry Brenhinol, Courtesy of the Regimental Museum of the Royal Aberhonddu Welsh, Brecon

Map a luniwyd gan Lt Cyrnol C E Kitchin, DSO, Map Drawn by Lt Col C E Kitchin, DSO, Cyffinwr De Cymru South Wales Borderers 6 Diolch i’w wyres , Ann Payne Courtesy of his Grand-daughter, Ann Payne            

“Ceffyl Troea” “The Trojan Horse” Digwyddodd y prif laniadau ar Draeth “V”. Tiriwyd SS “River Clyde”, hen The main landings took place at “V” Beach. The SS “River Clyde”, an old gwch glowyr, yn fwriadol er mwyn glanio’r fintai’n syth i’r lan. Dilynodd y collier boat, was deliberately grounded in order to land troops directly onto gwyˆr oedd yn weddill mewn cychod tebyg. the shore. The remaining men followed in smaller boats. Cafodd Traeth V, dan gysgod adfeilion hen gaer i gyfeiriad y gorllewin a V Beach, dominated by the ruins of an old fort on the west and by the castle chastell a chaer Sedd-el-Bahr i gyfeiriad y dwyrain, ei amddiffyn yn drwm and fort of Sedd-el-Bahr on the east, was heavily-defended by the Turkish gan fyddin Twrci. Aeth pethau o’i le o’r cychwyn bron. Gwnaeth cerrynt cryf army. Almost from the beginning, things went wrong. A strong current atal y cychod llai rhag glanio’n uniongyrchol ar y traeth a boddwyd sawl prevented the smaller boats from landing directly on the beach and many men gwˆr cyn iddynt gyrraedd eu nod. Cwympodd y bont nofiol ar yr SS “River were drowned before they reached their objective. The floating bridge on the Clyde” bron yn syth wrth i’r dynion geisio gadael y llong. SS “River Clyde” collapsed almost immediately as men tried to leave the ship. Gwelodd ddau ddyn ar fwrdd y “River Clyde” y digwyddiadau hyn yn mynd Watching these events unfold were two men on board the “River Clyde” – rhagddynt – sef y Llongwr abl William Charles Williams o Gas-gwent a’r Lt Able Seaman William Charles Williams from Chepstow and Lt Colonel Cyrnol Charles Doughty-Wylie, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig sydd Charles Doughty-Wylie, Royal Welsh Fusiliers attached to Sir Ian Hamilton’s ynghlwm â staff Syr Ian Hamilton. Byddai Croes Fictoria’n cael ei gwobrwyo staff. They would be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions the iddynt am eu gweithredoedd y diwrnod canlynol. following day.

V Beach heddiw Diolch i Graham Knight V Beach today Courtesy of Graham Knight

V Beach ©Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia G00955 V Beach © Australian War Memorial G00955

SS River Clyde – Traeth V SS River Clyde – V Beach Q13236©Imperial War Museum

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Digwyddodd y prif laniadau ar Draeth “V” a The main landings took place on “V” Beach dechreuodd pethau fynd o’i le bron o’r and almost from the beginning, things started cychwyn – roedd y llanw’n gryfach na’r to go wrong – the tide was stronger than disgwyl a dechreuodd troedle’r cychod bach expected and the bridgehead of small boats gwympo. Taflwyd dynion i’r môr lle na allent began to collapse. Men were flung into the sea nofio oherwydd yr isgerrynt a’u hoffer trwm. where they were unable to swim due to the Saethodd byddin Twrci’n llym tuag atynt undercurrent and their heavy equipment. They gyda’r goroeswyr yn cofio i’r môr droi’n goch came under withering fire from the Turkish gan waed. army with survivors recalling that the sea Byddai mwy o fywydau wedi’u colli oni bai am turned red with blood. weithredoedd cyflym sawl gwˆr, gan gynnwys More lives would have been lost but for the y Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, a quick action of several men including Able sylweddolodd ar y cyd â’i Bennaeth Milwrol, Seaman William Charles Williams, who with Edwin Unwin, fod y cwch mwd oedd yn his Commanding Officer, Edwin Unwin, diogelu’r cychod wedi mynd gyda’r llif. realised that the hopper securing the boats Neidiodd y dynion oddi ar y bwrdd a gyrru had gone adrift. The men jumped overboard dau fad at ei gilydd. Daliodd Williams ymlaen i and lashed two lighters together. Williams raff am dros awr mewn dwˆr rhewllyd cyn cael held onto the rope for over an hour in freezing ei glwyfo’n angheuol gan ffrwydrad siel. cold water before being mortally wounded by Disgrifiwyd Williams gan Unwin, a oroesodd a shell blast. Unwin, who survived and was ac y dyfarnwyd Croes Fictoria iddo “Fel gwˆr also awarded the VC, described Williams “As oedd yn haeddu Croes Fictoria, uwchlaw a man above all others who deserved the VC pawb arall yn y glaniad.” at the landing.” Ailymunodd Williams â’r Llynges ym 1914 ar Williams had rejoined the Navy in 1914 after ôl gwasanaethu yn y Rhyfel yn erbyn y serving in the Boer War and at the Boxer Boeriaid ac yng Ngwrthryfel Boxer. Dyfarnwyd Rebellion. A resident of Chepstow, Croes Fictoria i’r preswylydd o Gas-gwent, Sir Y Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, Able-Seaman William Charles Williams, Monmouthshire, he was posthumously Y Llynges Frenhinol, Croes Fictoria RN, VC Fynwy, am ei ddewrder ar ôl ei farwolaeth. ©Amgueddfa Cas-gwent ©Chepstow Museum awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery.

Cofeb y Llynges Frenhinol – Portsmouth Diolch i Martyn Pattison Royal Navy Memorial – Portsmouth Courtesy of Martyn Pattison

Gynfwrdd o Gwch-U Almaenig – UB-91 Glaniad y Fintai o HMT River Clyde yn Sedd el Bahr, Gallipoli The Landing of Troops from HMT River Clyde at Sedd el Bahr, Gallipoli Cyflwynwyd i Gas-gwent gan Frenin Siôr V ar ôl y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf 25 Ebrill 1915 gan Charles Dixon, RA ©Amgueddfa Cas-gwent 25th April 1915 by Charles Dixon, RA ©Chepstow Museum Er mwyn cydnabod dewrder y Llongwr Abl William Charles Williams, Y Llynges Frenhinol, Croes Fictoria Diolch i Andy Dingley Deck Gun from German U-Boat – UB-91 Presented to Chepstow by King George V after World War 1 In recognition of the bravery of Able-Seaman William Charles Williams, RN, VC Courtesy of Andy Dingley 8      
          
 

Lt Cyrnol C H M Doughty Wylie Croes Fictoria Diolch i Anne Pedley Lt Col C H M Doughty Wylie Ganed Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie ym 1868. Charles Hotham Doughty-Wylie was born in 1868. He Victoria Cross Ymunodd â’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig ym 1889 joined the Royal Welsh Fusiliers in 1889 and saw Courtesy of Anne Pedley a gwasanaethodd yn weithgar gyda’r gatrawd mewn active service with the regiment in places as far afield mannau cyn belled â Tsieina a Somaliland cyn derbyn as China and Somaliland before taking up diplomatic dyletswyddau diplomataidd yn y Dwyrain Canol. duties in the Middle East. Roedd Doughty-Wylie yn adnabod Doughty-Wylie knew Turkey well and Twrci’n dda a dyfarnwyd Urdd had been awarded the Order of Medidje iddo am ei wasanaethau Medidje for his services with a Turkish gydag uned Croes Goch Twrci yn Red Cross unit during the Balkan Wars. ystod Rhyfeloedd y Balcanau. Sir Ian Hamilton appointed him to his Dyfyniad Croes Fictoria – Penododd Syr Ian Hamilton ef i’w Staff on board the River Clyde because London Gazette, 23 Mehefin, 1915 Staff ar fwrdd y River Clyde of his depth of knowledge, and it was “Ar 26 Ebrill, 1915, yn dilyn glaniad a ddigwyddodd ar y traeth ar fan ar oherwydd dyfnder ei wybodaeth, ac from the beached ship, that Doughty- benrhyn Gallipoli, lle lladdwyd Brigadydd o’r llong wedi glanio hon yr Wylie and the Staff observed the chaos ac Uwchgapten Brigâd, trefnodd ac arsylwodd Doughty-Wylie a’r Staff ar of the landings on V Beach. arweiniodd y Lefftenant-Cyrnol Doughty- Wylie a’r Capten Walford ymosodiad trwy anhrefn y glaniadau ar Draeth V. Realising that something needed to be ac ar ddwy ochr y pentref yn Sedd el Bahr ac ar yr Hen Gastell ar ben y bryn O sylweddoli bod angen gwneud done, Doughty-Wylie and Captain ar y tir. Roedd safle’r gelyn wedi’i rhywbeth, gadawodd Doughty-Wylie Walford left the boat and re-organised ymgloddio’n gryf iawn ac wedi’i amddiffyn gan gynnau peiriant a gynnau a Chapten Walford y cwch ac ad- Lt Cyrnol C H M Doughty Wylie the men to make a second attack to pom pom cudd. drefnu’r dynion i wneud ail Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig capture the fort at Sedd-el-Bahr. Lt Col C H M Doughty Wylie Roedd yr ymosodiad yn llwyddiant llwyr, Courtesy of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum ymosodad i gipio’r amddiffynfa yn Doughty-Wylie led with only his yn bennaf oherwydd mentergarwch, sgil a Sedd-el-Bahr. Arweiniodd Doughty- walking-stick as a weapon. He was gwroldeb mawr y ddau swyddog hyn. Wylie gyda dim ond ffon gerdded yn arf. Cafodd ei ladd killed by a sniper shortly after the position was taken. Lladdwyd y ddau adeg y fuddugoliaeth.”

gan saethwr cudd yn fuan ar ôl iddynt gymryd y safle. Walford also died in the attack and both men were Victoria Cross Citation – Bu farw Walford yn yr ymosodiad hefyd a dyfarnwyd posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. London Gazette, 23rd June, 1915 Croes Fictora i’r ddau ohonynt ar ôl eu marwolaethau. “On the 26th April, 1915, subsequent to a landing having been effected on the beach at a point on the Gallipoli peninsula, during which both Brigadier-General and Brigade Major had been killed, Lieutenant-Colonel Doughty-Wylie and Captain Walford organised and led an attack through and on both sides of the village at Sedd el Bahr on the Old Castle at the top of the hill inland. The enemy’s position was very strongly entrenched and defended with concealed machine-guns and pom-poms. It was mainly due to the initiative, skill and great gallantry of these two officers that the attack was a complete success. Bedd y Lt Cyrnol C H M Doughty-Wylie, Croes Fictoria Sedd el Bahr – yr unig fedd preifat yn Gallipoli Both were killed in the moment of Diolch i Marietta Crichton Stuart victory.” The grave of Lt Col C H M Doughty-Wylie, VC Sedd el Bahr – the only private grave at Gallipoli Courtesy of Marietta Crichton Stuart

Gertrude Bell,1909, Irac Lt Cyrnol C H M © Archif Gertrude Bell, Prif Ysgol Newcastle Doughty Wylie, VC Lillian a Dick Doughty-Wylie Gertrude Bell,1909, Iraq Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Cyflwynwyd Croes Fictoria i Lily gan y Brenin Siôr ym © Gertrude Bell Archive, Newcastle University Mhalas Buckingham, 8 Mawrth, 1921 Lt Colonel C H M Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Doughty Wylie, VC Lillian and Dick Doughty-Wylie Courtesy of the Royal Welch The Victoria Cross was presented to Lily by King Fusiliers Museum George at Buckingham Palace, 8th March, 1921 Courtesy of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum SS “River Clyde” wedi’i dirio yn Gallipoli 1915 Ernest Brooks – The War Illustrated 25 Mehefin 1915 SS “River Clyde” beached at Gallipoli 1915 Ernest Brooks – The War Illustrated 25th June 1915

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Ar 25 Ebrill, ymhellach i’r gogledd ac yn nhywyllwch oriau mân y bore, gwnaed On the 25th April, further north and in the darkness of the early hours of y glaniad cyntaf ar benrhyn Gallipoli gan yr ANZACs. Saethodd y fintai’n rhy the morning, the first landing on the Gallipoli peninsula was made by the bell dros eu glaniad gerllaw pentir Gaba Tepe a bu rhaid i 4,000 gloddio’n ANZACs. Troops overshot their landing near the headland of Gaba Tepe gyflym o dan y clogwyni yn Ari Burnu. Ychydig wrthsafiad a gafwyd gan y and 4,000 men had to quickly dig in under the cliffs at Ari Burnu. There Tyrciaid yn y cychwyn, ond o sylweddoli mai cefnau Chunuk Bair a Sari Bair was little opposition from the Turks initially, but Colonel Mustapha Kemal, oedd y prif amcanion, dargyfeiriodd Cyrnol Mustapha Kemal ei fintai’n gyflym. realising that the Chunuk Bair and Sari Bair ridges were the main Erbyn canol dydd, torrodd brwydr ffyrnig a chwerw a fyddai’n para am dros objectives quickly diverted his troops. By midday a fierce and bitter battle wyth mis. Gwelodd y diwrnod cyntaf yn unig dros 700 o ddynion yn cael eu broke out that would rage on for over eight months. The first day alone lladd mewn brwydr a daethpwyd i’w adnabod yn enwog fel Cildraeth ANZAC. saw over 700 men killed in action at what famously became known as Roedd y tir yn arw ac yn anghroesawgar. Roedd rhaid glanio’r holl ANZAC Cove. gyflenwadau ar y traeth dan saethiadau saethwyr cudd Twrcaidd medrus. Ar The terrain was rough and inhospitable. All supplies had to be landed on 19 Mai, brwydrodd yr ANZACs yn llwyddiannus yn erbyn ymosodiad y the beach under the fire of crack-shot Turkish snipers. On the 19th May, Tyrciaid a arweiniodd at gadoediad digymell er mwyn claddu meirwon maes y the ANZACs successfully fought off a Turkish attack that led to an gad. Unwaith eto, cloddiodd y fintai hyd nes i ymosodiad graddfa lawn arall impromptu truce in order to bury the dead of the battlefield. Once again, ddigwydd ym mis Awst. troops dug in until another full-scale attack took place in August. Brwydrodd sawl Cymro a oedd wedi ymfudo i Awstralia yn ANZAC gan Many Welshmen who had emigrated to Australia fought at ANZAC gynnwys yr Uwch-sarsiant Robert David Jones o Benmaenmawr. including Sergeant Robert David Jones of Penmaenmawr.

Preifat D.O Hughes, o Borthaethwy’n wreiddiol a oedd yn Awstralia pan dorrodd y rhyfel ac a ymunodd â Chorfflu Meddygol yr AIF. “Glanion ni am 6am fore dydd Sul, 25 Ebrill, diwrnod anghofiai fyth. Cyrhaeddon ni yn y Môr Egeaidd rywbryd yn ystod oriau mân y bore, a’r arwydd cyntaf y cawson ni y bydden ni’n gweld brwydr go iawn o’r diwedd oedd clywed y llong ryfel yn tanio’u gynnau mawrion. Pan ddaethom yn agos at y lan, bu rhaid i ni lanio mewn cychod rhwyfo...roedd llawer o’n dynion wedi’u clwyfo cyn cyrraedd y lan.”

Private D. O. Hughes, originally from Menai Bridge who was in Australia when war broke out and Poster Recriwtio ANZAC © Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia U5167 joined the Medical Corps of the AIF. ANZAC Recruiting Poster © Australian War Memorial U5167 “We landed at 6am Sunday morning, April 25th, a day I shall never forget. We arrived in the Aegean Sea sometime in the small hours of the Bedd Uwch-sarsiant 1283 Robert David Jones morning, and the first intimation we Bedd yr Uwch-sarsiant 1283 Robert David Jones, Cwmni B, 3ydd Bataliwn AIF o Sydney, NSW. Cofrestrodd yr Uwch- sarsiant Jones ar 21 Awst 1914 a glaniodd o Sydney ar fwrdd HMAT “Uripides” ar 20 Ebrill 1915. Fe’i lladdwyd got that we were to see a real battle mewn brwydr ochr yn ochr â’r rhan fwyaf o’i blatwˆn ar gefnau Penrhyn Gallipoli. Gan fod yr ardal yn cael ei arsylwi at last was hearing the battleships gan y gelyn, bu rhaid i’r dynion gloddio’r bedd wrth orwedd yn wastad ar y tir. Y ffotograff a’r wybodaeth uchod © Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia. booming their big guns. When we got The Grave of 1283 Sergeant Robert David Jones close to the shore we had to The grave of Sgt 1283 Robert David Jones , B Company, 3rd Battalion AIF of Sydney, NSW. Sgt Jones enlisted on 21st disembark in rowing boats … many August 1914 and embarked from Sydney abourd HMAT “Uripides” on the 20th April 1915. He was killed in action alongside most of his platoon on the ridges of the Gallipoli Peninsula. As the area was under enemy observation, the of our men were wounded before Traeth ANZAC © Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia A00827 men had to dig the grave while lying flat on the ground. ANZAC cove © Australian War Memorial A00827 they got ashore.” Photograph and above information © of the Australian War Memorial.

Cildraeth ANZAC heddiw Diolch i Alun Salisbury 10 ANZAC Cove Today Courtesy of Alun Salisbury   

  


Cyfarfu Pwyllgor y Dardanelles yn Llundain ar 7 Mehefin a, The Dardanelles Committee met in London on the 7th gyda chymeradwyaeth Kitchener, clustnodwyd pum adran June, and, with Kitchener’s approval, allocated five extra ychwanegol i Fyddin Ymgyrchol y Canoldir y Cadfridog Syr divisions to General Sir Ian Hamilton’s Mediterranean Ian Hamilton mewn ymgais olaf i geisio torri’r sefyllfa Expeditionary Force in a final attempt to try to break the annatrys yn Helles ac ANZAC. Cafwyd rhywfaint o deadlock at Helles and ANZAC. There had been some lwyddiant yn ANZAC i dorri allan o’r troedle. Y cynllun oedd success at ANZAC to break out from the bridgehead. The glanio mintai newydd yn Suvla i gysylltu â’r rhai yn ANZAC, plan was to land fresh troops at Suvla to link up with atgyfnerthu ac yna cymryd uchderau strategol Cefnen Sari those at ANZAC, consolidate and then take the strategic Bair, ac felly torri unrhyw fintai Dwrcaidd i ffwrdd. Glaniodd heights of the Sari Bair Ridge, thus cutting off any Turkish y don gyntaf yn Suvla ar 6 Awst a sefydlodd bresenoldeb troops. The first wave landed at Suvla on the 6th August yn Lala Baba yn llwyddiannus, wrth i’r fintai yn ANZAC and successfully established a presence at Lala Baba, ymdrechu i gymryd Chunuk Bair. whilst troops at ANZAC attempted to take Chunuk Bair. Roedd hi’n ras i gael y dynion o’r traethau yn Suvla a At Suvla, it was a race to get men from the beaches and chipio’r bryniau strategol cyn i’r Tyrciaid allu dod â milwyr capture the stategic hills before the Turks could bring in ychwanegol o Bulair. Brwydrodd y dynion yn galed am reinforcements from Bulair. Men fought hard for three days dridiau ac yna gorchmynnodd y Cadfridog Stopford arhosiad and then General Stopford ordered a stay of two days – o ddeuddydd – digon o amser i’r Cyrnol Mustapha Kemal i enough time for Colonel Mustapha Kemal to bring in fresh ddod â mintai newydd i mewn oriau’n unig cyn y glaniadau. troops only hours before the landings. Ym Mae Suvla, brwydrodd y 53ydd Adran [Cymreig] am y At Suvla Bay, the 53rd [Welsh] Division went into action tro cyntaf ar 10 Awst. Roedd yr Adran yn cynnwys dynion o for the first time on the 10th August. The Division included 5ed, 6ed a 7fed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig a men from the 5th, 6th and 7th Battalions Royal Welsh 4ydd a 5ed Bataliwn y Gatrawd Gymreig – roedd pob un Fusiliers and the 4th and 5th Battalions from the Welch yn Diriogaethwyr oedd wedi cofrestru i wasanaethu dramor Regiment – all were Territorials who had signed on for a heb erioed wedi gweld ymladd o’r blaen. Wynebodd bob service overseas and had never seen action before. They un ohonynt wrthsafiad ffyrnig gan fintai newydd o Dwrci. met a ferocious resistance from fresh Turkish troops.

Roedd glaniadau Suvla yn drychineb ac yn dynodi’r Signalwyr – Bae Suvla Signallers – Suvla Bay The Suvla landings were a disaster and signified the Diolch i’r Keep Military Museum, Courtesy of The Keep Military diwrnod duaf yn y rhyfel cyfan i sawl rhan o Gymru. Dorchester Museum, Dorchester blackest day in the entire war for many parts of Wales.

Preifat Jack Leavett o Borthaethwy – Canol Rhestr pac a roddwyd i Breifat Jack Leavett 6ed Bataliwn Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig cyn ymadael am Gallipoli Diolch i Mrs Joan Shirley Llythyr oddi wrth Preifat Jack Leavett i’w Diolch i Mrs Joan Shirley Private Jack Leavett of Menai Bridge – Centre frawd, Frank, ar ei ymadawiad i Gallipoli Kit list issued to Private Jack Leavett prior 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers Diolch i Mrs Joan Shirley to Leaving for Gallipoli Courtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley Letter from Private Jack Leavett to his Courtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley brother, Frank, on departure to Gallipoli Courtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley

Llythyr diwethaf Preifat Jack Leavett adref Fe’i laddwyd mewn brwydr ar 22 Awst 1915 Diolch i Mrs Joan Shirley Private Jack Leavett’s last letter home He was killed in action on the 22nd August 1915 Courtesy of Mrs Joan Shirley

Gorsaf Drin Clwyfau – Chocolate Hill, Bae Suvla Diolch i’r Keep Military Museum, Dorchester Dressing Station – Chocolate Hill, Suvla Bay Courtesy of The Keep Military Museum, Dorchester 11      

Glaniodd 7fed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig fel rhan o’r 158fed The 7th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers as part of the 158th Brigade, 53rd Brigad, 53fed Adran [Gymreig] ar lannau Bae Suvla ar 9 Awst, 1915, gan [Welsh] Division landed on the shores of Suvla Bay on the 9th August, 1915 ymladd drannoeth ochr yn ochr â’u cyd filwyr yn y Fyddin Diriogaethol. and went into battle with their fellow Territorials the following day. Yn ôl Uwchgapten R B S Davies, a gofnododd hanes “Y Major R B S Davies, who went on to record the history of Seithfed” mewn llyfryn bach a gyhoeddwyd ar ôl y rhyfel: “Am “The Seventh” in a small booklet published after the war, 4 o’r gloch y bore ar y 10fed o Awst dechreuodd y Seithfed ar states: “At 4 am on the morning of August 10th the eu hymgyrch gofiadwy ar draws Llyn Salt … Yn syth taniwyd Seventh started on that memorable advance across Salt ffrwydron tuag atynt ... collwyd nifer o’r milwyr. Roedd y coed Lake … they immediately came under heavy shell fire … trwchus yn lle delfrydol i’r saethwyr cudd o Dwrci oedd yn many casualties were suffered. The thick cover gave ideal ymddangos ym mhob man ac yn creu trafferth fawr i ni.” positions for the Turkish snipers who seemed to be Collodd nifer fawr eu bywydau, yn arbennig rhai o’r everywhere and gave us great trouble.” swyddogion ifanc – yn ôl Uwchgapten Davies anafwyd un ar Casualties were high, especially among the young officers Sarsiant David Jones o Fachynlleth yn Gwella yn bymtheg o swyddogion o’r 7fed Bataliwn yn ystod yr Alexandria, Yr Aifft ar ôl goroesi Ffrwydrad yn Gallipoli – Major Davies writes that there were sixteen officer Trwy ganiatâd ei ferch, Mrs Stella Reynolds wythnos gyntaf, yn cynnwys Capten Joseph Beanland, Is- Sergeant David Jones of Machynlleth Recovering in casualties from the 7th Battalion in the first week, including lefftenant Albyn Grant ac Is-lefftenant Russell Halfrenydd Alexandria, Egypt after surviving Shelling at Gallipoli Captain Joseph Beanland, 2/Lt Albyn Grant and 2/Lt Russell Courtesy of his daughter, Mrs Stella Reynolds Jones; ni welwyd yr un ohonynt ar ôl cymryd rhan mewn Halfrenydd Jones who were not seen after taking part in a ymgyrch aflwyddiannus. Nid oes beddau cydnabyddedig charge that failed. None have known graves and their iddynt ac mae eu henwau wedi eu cofnodi ar Gofeb Helles. names are recorded on the Helles Memorial. Yn ôl Lefftenant-cyrnol Jelf-Reveley roedd y diwrnod yn Lt Col Jelf-Reveley commented on the chaos that day and anhrefn llwyr a thrawyd Sarsiant David Jones, gyrrwr injan ar Sergeant David Jones, an engine driver on the railways y rheilffyrdd cyn y rhyfel, pan ffrwydrodd pelen fagnel a’i prior to the outbreak of war, was left for dead when a gladdu hyd at ei ben a’i ysgwyddau. Aeth dau ddiwrnod cannon shell exploded burying him up to his head and

heibio cyn i rywun sylweddoli fod ei lygaid yn symud a Y Culdir a Llyn Salt o Fryn Lala Baba shoulders. Two days passed before someone noticed his chloddiwyd y pridd i’w ryddhau. Y geiriau cyntaf a glywodd Trwy ganiatâd Graham Knight eyes moving and he was dug out. The first thing he heard The Cut and Salt Lake from Lala Baba Hill oedd “Mae’r Sarsiant yn dal yn fyw!” Courtesy of Graham Knight – “Sergeant’s still alive!”.

“Bu Lefftenant Richard Bowen Woosnam, oedd yn hanu’n Lt Richard Bowen Woosnam originally from wreiddiol o Lanidloes, yn gwasanaethu yn Rhyfel y Boer. Llanidloes, served in the Boer War. He resigned his Ymddiswyddodd o fod yn swyddog i ddilyn ei ddiddordeb mewn commission in order to pursue his interest in natural hanes naturiol a theithiodd drwy Asia ac Affrica gyfan i gynnal history and his studies took him all over Asia and ei astudiaethau. Enillodd Fedal Arian Cymdeithas Swˆ olegol Africa. A Silver Medallist of the Zoological Society of Llundain a bu’n aelod o Undeb Adaregwyr Prydain. Cedwir ei London and a member of the British Ornithologists’ gasgliadau yn yr Amgueddfa Brydeinig a’r Amgueddfa Hanes Union, his collections are held at the British Museum Naturiol yn Llundain. Fe’i penodwyd yn un o’r Wardeniaid and the Natural History Museum in London. He was Anifeiliaid Gwyllt cyntaf yn y rhan o Ddwyrain Affrica a oedd appointed one of the first Game Wardens in what was dan reolaeth Prydain, a ddaeth yn Cenia maes o law. then British East Africa and later became Kenya. Gwasanaethodd gyda Chatrawd Swydd Caerloyw, ond fe’i lladwyd Serving with the Worcestershire Regiment, he was Trwy ganiatâd “The Ibis” Hydref 1915 wrth arwain ei ddynion i frwydr ar 4 Mehefin, 1915 yn ystod y killed leading his men into battle on the 4th June, Courtesy of “The Ibis” October 1915 Drydedd Frwydr i gipio Krithia. 1915 during the Third Battle for Krithia.

Arweiniodd Lefftenant-cyrnol Jelf-Reveley o Ddolgellau Lt Colonel Jelf-Reveley of Dolgellau led the 7th Battalion, 7fed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig drwy gydol Royal Welsh Fusiliers throughout the Gallipoli campaign. ymgyrch Gallipoli. Yn fuan wedyn cafodd ei daro’n wael. Shortly afterwards he became ill. The “County Times” of Yn rhifyn Medi 1915 o’r “County Times”, cyhoeddwyd September 1915, published a poem written by him and cerdd amdano a dyfynnir rhan ohoni isod: part of it is reproduced here:

Yn ôl Sarsiant George Hibbott, a Sergeant George Hibbott, “Nay! – and our answer is given, with pride to dderbyniodd Fedal Ymddygiad who was awarded the you – Never a one would have turned from the Rhagorol ym mrwydr Gallipoli Distinguished Conduct am ei “ddewrder arbennig ar call, Meirion, Montgomery, long may abide to you Medal at Gallipoli for his faes y gad” wrth gludo’r rhai a Joy, that, at Motherland’s cry, you gave all.” “Conspicuous bravery under anafwyd ac a gafodd far ar ei fire” as a stretcher bearer fedal am ddewrder tebyg yn yr Aifft: “ Ni fyddai’r un and added a bar to this award for similar bravery at gatrawd wedi dymuno cael arweinydd dewrach. Roedd ei Egypt stated: “No regiment could have wished for a ddiddordeb ynom yn ystod yr hyfforddiant yn ein cynnal braver leader. His interest in us during the training stuck wrth ymladd, a ble bynnag yr âi, yr oeddem yn barod i’w to us in the fighting, and wherever he went we could ddilyn. Byddai’n gwneud unrhyw beth drosom.” cheerfully follow. He would do anything for us.” Hanes Byr “Y Seithfed” a ysgrifennwyd gan Diolch i David Pugh am ei gymorth. With many thanks to David Pugh for his help. Uwchgapten R B S Davies yn 1950 er cof am y rhai a gollodd eu bywydau. A Short History of “The Seventh” Written by Major R B S Davies in 1950 and Dedicated to those “Who Fell by the Way”.

Paratoi i Ymosod ar Fryn Scimitar Preparing to Attack Scimitar Hill 12 Trwy ganiatâd Amgueddfa Ryfel The Keep, Dorset Courtesy of The Keep Military Museum, Dorset    
      
    

Gadawodd 7fed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol The 7th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers left Devonport Cymreig Devonport ar 14 Gorffennaf, 1915 gan anelu on the 14th July, 1915 heading for Gallipoli. On board am Gallipoli. Ar fwrdd “The City of Edinburgh” roedd “The City of Edinburgh” was Captain Edward Lloyd- Capten Edward Lloyd-Jones, Prif Swyddog Cwmni “A” – Jones, the Officer Commanding “A” Company – Llanidloes a Machynlleth – a’i frawd, Is-lefftenant Ivor Llanidloes and Machynlleth – and his brother, 2/Lt Ivor Thomas Lloyd-Jones o Vronhaul, Llandinam, Sir Thomas Lloyd-Jones of Vronhaul, Llandinam, Drefaldwyn – roedd y ddau’n gefndryd i Gwendoline a Montgomeryshire – both cousins of Gwendoline and Margaret Davies. Margaret Davies. Cyn i’r Rhyfel Bydd Cyntaf gychwyn, roedd Edward a gâi Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Edward, ei alw’n “Dolly” bob amser gan ei deulu, wedi teithio always known as “Dolly” to his family, had travelled gyda’i chwiorydd i’r un ardal ac ysgrifennodd o’r llong with the sisters to the same area and he wrote from the filwyr am “ddyfroedd sy’n gyfarwydd iawn i chi.” troopship about “waters which are very familiar to you.” Dechreuodd y 7fed Bataliwn ymosod ar The 7th Battalion went into 10 Awst ym Mae Suvla ochr yn ochr â’u action on the 10th August at cyd filwyr yn y Fyddin Diriogaethol. Suvla Bay alongside the other Collwyd nifer fawr o’r milwyr yn y Territorials of the 53rd [Welsh] bataliwn a lladdwyd Capten Edward Division. Casualties for the Lloyd-Jones yn y frwydr. Bu ei gefnder, battalion were extremely high Stanley Davies, hefyd yn rhan o ymgyrch and Captain Edward Lloyd-Jones Gallipoli, a dyma ei eiriau mewn llythyr was killed in action. His cousin, Capten Edward Lloyd-Jones Trwy ganiatâd Arglwydd ac Arglwyddes Davies at y teulu: “Bu’n frwydr erchyll o 4 o’r Stanley Davies, who also took Captain Edward Lloyd-Jones Neuadd Gregynog Gregynog Hall Courtesy of Lord & Lady Davies gloch yn y bore tan 7.30 y nos” ac Trwy ganiatâd Anne Pedley Courtesy of Anne Pedley part in the Gallipoli campaign, wrth gerdded yn ôl gwelodd wrote to the family that “We had “annwyl Dolly yn gorwedd yn heddychlon” gyda’r a most terrible battle from 4 o’clock in the morning until oriawr a roddwyd yn anrheg iddo gan ei ddwy chwaer 7.30 at night” and on his way up to the lines he found cyn iddo adael am ei arddwrn. “dear Dolly lying in peace” wearing the wristwatch that Goroesodd Ivor frwydr Gallipoli ond fe’i lladdwyd wrth had been a gift from the two sisters prior to his departure. ymladd ar 26 Mawrth, 1917 yn ystod Brwydr Gyntaf Ivor survived Gallipoli only to be killed in action on the Gaza, Palestina. 26th March, 1917 during the First Battle of Gaza, Agorodd Gwendoline a Margaret eu cartref i nifer o Palestine. artistiaid a oedd yn ffoaduriaid o Wlad Belg yn ystod y Gwendoline and Margaret gave refuge to several rhyfel a bu’r ddwy ohonynt yn gwasanaethu gyda Belgian refugee artists during the war and both ladies Chroes Goch Ffrainc ar Ffrynt y Gorllewin, ger Verdun, served with the French Red Cross on the Western Front, gan redeg cantîn i filwyr o Ffrainc. Yn 1920, prynodd y near Verdun, running a canteen for the French troops. In chwiorydd Neuadd Gregynog, yn rhannol fel lle i filwyr 1920, they purchased Gregynog, partly as a place where Capten Edward Lloyd-Jones Captain Edward Lloyd-Jones 7fed Bataliwn, 7th Battalion, Cymru a ddychwelai o’r ffosydd allu ei ddefnyddio i Welsh soldiers returning from the trenches could utilise Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Royal Welsh Fusiliers Mynwent Green Hill, Gallipoli Green Hill Cemetery, Gallipoli wella gyda chymorth y celfyddydau o’u cwmpas. the healing power of the arts. Trwy ganiatâd Marietta Crichton Stuart Courtesy of Marietta Crichton Stuart

Llythyr at Gwendoline Davies – A Letter to Gwendoline Davies – 6 Awst 1915 6th August 1915 “Rydym bellach mewn dyfroedd sy’n “We are now in waters which are very gyfarwydd iawn i chi. Mae fy meddwl yn familiar to you. My mind runs crwydro’n ôl o hyd i’n taith bedair blynedd continually to our voyage of four years yn ôl; meddyliwch, ar y pryd roeddem yn ago; think of it, on that occasion our teithio yng nghwmni 2 Swyddog o’r Almaen travelling companions were 2 German a gwr ˆ o Dwrci! Mor sydyn mae pethau wedi officers and a Turk! How quickly things newid ac mor ddychrynllyd yw’r cyfan.” have changed and how wicked it all is.”

Llythyr wedi ei gyfeirio at “Bawb” – A Letter Addressed “To Everyone” –

7 Awst 1915 7th August 1915 Tudalennau blaen Cyfrol Goffa – Frontpiece of a Memorial Volume of Llythyrau Capten Lloyd-Jones Captain Lloyd-Jones’ Letters “Fory rydym yn symud i faes y frwydr, “Tomorrow we move to the scene of a Gyhoeddwyd yn Breifat gan ei Deulu Privately Published by His Family ac wrth gwrs gallai unrhyw beth ddigwydd operations, and of course anything may Trwy ganiatâd Arglwydd ac Arglwyddes Davies Courtesy of Lord and Lady Davies mewn amser byr iawn. Rydym yn happen in a very short time. We are gobeithio’r gorau ac yn paratoi am y hoping for the best and preparing for gwaethaf.” the worst.” 13           

Ym 1900, sefydlwyd Cwmni o Wirfoddolwyr ym In 1900, a Company of Volunteers was Mhenmaenmawr dan orchymyn Charles Henry established in Penmaenmawr under the Darbishire, Rheolwr Gyfarwyddwr Chwareli command of Charles Henry Darbishire, Darbishire. Roedd y rhan fwyaf o’r 120 o ddynion Managing Director of the Darbishire Quarries. a ymunodd yn cael eu cyflogi yn y chwarel leol. Most of the 120 men who joined were Yn fuan, darparodd y Cyrnol Darbishire Neuadd employed at the local quarry. Ymarfer wedi’i hadeiladu i bwrpas ym 1900, Colonel Darbishire soon provided a purpose- Maes Tanio yng Nghwm Graiglwyd ym 1901, tîm built Drill Hall in 1900, a Firing Range at Cwm pêl-droed y Cwmni a band milwrol dan Graiglwyd in 1901, a Company soccer team and arweiniad J.S. Coverley, a oedd yn arwain band y a military band led by J.S. Coverley, who also dref hefyd. Yn arbennig, codwyd tˆy yn Nheras conducted the town band. A house was built Dewi Sant i letya Dril-ringyll amser llawn. especially in St. David’s Terrace to accommodate Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Courtesy of the Penmaenmawr Historical Society Roedd angen i’r dynion a ymunai â’r a full-time Drill Sergeant. Gwirfoddolwyr (y Tiriogaethwyr ar ôl 1908) Men who joined the Volunteers (Territorials after hyfforddi bob wythnos ac ymroi un penwythnos y 1908) were required to train on a weekly basis mis i filwra. Bu rhaid iddynt hefyd fynychu and devote one weekend per month to Gwersyll Haf Blynyddol. Tra’r oedden nhw yn y soldiering. They also had to attend an annual gwersyll, ym Morth, Aberystwyth, cafodd Cwmni Summer Camp. It was while at camp, at Borth, Penmaenmawr o 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Aberystwyth, that the Penmaenmawr Company Brenhinol Cymreig ei alw adref ar frys ychydig cyn of the 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers was i’r rhyfel gael ei gyhoeddi. Ychydig o’r dynion hurriedly recalled home just before war was fyddai wedi dychmygu’r diwrnod hwnnw y declared. Few of the men that day could have bydden nhw’n glanio ym Mae Suvla, Gallipoli’r imagined they would be landing at Suvla Bay, mis Awst canlynol ym 1915 Gallipoli the following August of 1915.

Gweithio yn y Chwarel Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Working at the Quarry Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society

Cwmni Penmaenmawr, 6ed Bataliwn y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig – Saethwyr Targed Hogiau Chwarel Penmaenmawr – Hyfforddiant – Northampton Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Penmaenmawr Company, 6th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers – Target Shooters The Penmaenmawr Quarry Boys – Training – Northampton Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society Courtesy of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum

Adroddodd y North Wales Weekly News ar ddydd Iau, 6 Awst, The North Wales Weekly News of Thursday, August 6th, 1914, 1914, dan bennawd “Eager for Active Service” under the heading of “Eager for Active Service” reported that:

“Mae cyffro helaeth ym Mhenmaenmawr, yn “At Penmaenmawr there is widespread enwedig ymhlith y “Teriers” lleol a’u teuluoedd. excitement especially among the local “terriers” Fe’u gorchmynnwyd i fod yn y Neuadd Ymarfer ar and their families. They were ordered to be in the nos Fawrth ac roedden nhw’n parhau i ddisgwyl Drill Hall on Tuesday night and they remained galwad tan ar ôl canol nos, rhai ohonynt i weld yn expecting a call until after midnight some of them awyddus i wasanaethu. Unwaith eto, bore ddoe seeming eager for active service. Again, yesterday (Dydd Mercher, 5 Awst), roedd y dynion, yn eu morning (Wed. August 5th), the men, wearing Y Cyrnol Darbishire lifrai, yn gorymdeithio yn y strydoedd a bu rhaid their uniforms, were parading in the streets and Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Colonel Darbishire iddynt ymateb i sawl galwad yn ystod y dydd.” had to respond to several calls during the day.” Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society 14           

Pan dorrodd y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, roedd y Cyrnol yn 70 oed a galwyd yn syth When the First World War broke out, the Colonel was aged 70 and the ar Gwmni “Penmaenmawr” 6ed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig i “Penmaenmawr” Company of the 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers was ymladd. Yn yr un modd â’r holl Diriogaethwyr, rhoddwyd y dewis i’r dynion immediately called up for action. As with all Territorials, the men were given ymrestru a gwasanaethu tramor am dair blynedd neu “hyd y diwedd”, neu the choice to enlist and serve overseas for three years or the “duration”, or wrthod gwasanaethu tramor. to decline to serve abroad. Ymunodd Cwmni “Penmaenmawr” â Thiriogaethwyr eraill y Ffiwsilwyr The “Penmaenmawr” Company joined the other Territorials of the Royal Brenhinol Cymreig ym Meysydd Bodafon, Llandudno ac erbyn mis Medi Welsh Fusiliers at Bodafon Fields, Llandudno and by September 1914 all the 1914, anfonwyd pob bataliwn i ardaloedd Rushden a Higham Ferrers yn battalions were sent to Rushden and Higham Ferrers areas of Swydd Northampton i gael eu hyfforddi. Ymddengys mai’r Ffrynt Gorllewinol Northamptonshire for training. It seemed that they would be destined for fyddai eu tynged, hyd nes i’r cynlluniau ddatblygu ar gyfer ymgyrch Gallipoli. the Western Front, until plans began to unfold for the Gallipoli campaign. Ar ôl yr hyfforddiant, dosbarthwyd lifrai trofannol i Hogiau Chwarel Cwmni After training, the Quarry Boys of the “Penmaenmawr” Company were issued “Penmaenmawr” a hwylion nhw i Gallipoli fel rhan o Fyddin Ymgyrchol with tropical uniforms and sailed for Gallipoli as part of the British Canoldir Prydain ar ddydd Mercher, 14 Gorffennaf, 1915 ar “SS Caledonia”. Mediterranean Expeditionary Force on Wednesday, July 14th, 1915 on the “SS Cawsant eu harwain gan yr Uwchgapten Augustus Wheeler, Rheolwr y Caledonia”. They were led by Major Augustus Wheeler, the Quarry Manager, Chwarel, Capten H T Jenkins, Meddyg y Chwarel a’r Lefftenant Harold Owen Captain H T Jenkins, the Quarry Doctor and Lieutenant Harold Owen Owen, Owen, mab sylfaenydd siop adrannol o’r un enw. the son of the founder of the department store of the same name. Roedd y Cyrnol Darbishire, a oedd wedi ceisio defnyddio’i ddylanwad i Colonel Darbishire, who had tried to pull strings to lead his men from arwain ei ddynion o Benmaenmawr, wedi cadw gwely ar long a hwyliodd Penmaenmawr, booked a berth on a ship and set sail for Egypt where he tua’r Aifft lle prynodd becyn “Tommy” a cheisiodd ymuno â Hogiau’r Chwarel bought a “Tommy’s” kit and attempted to join the Quarry Boys at yn Alexandria. Ar ôl i’r awdurdodau ddarganfod ei ddichell, fe’i hanfonwyd Alexandria. Once his ruse was discovered by the authorities, he was sent adref. Treuliodd weddill y rhyfel yn gwasanaethu ar Bwyllgor Pensiynau’r home. He spent the rest of the war serving on the local Soldiers’ Pension Milwyr lleol a gwneud ei orau i’r rheiny a ddychwelodd adref wedi’u clwyfo. Committee and doing his best for those who returned home wounded.

Cwmni Penmaenmawr yn Gorymdeithio, The Penmaenmawr Company on Parade, Swydd Northampton Northamptonshire 6ed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig The 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers 2/Lt Harold Owen Owen ar y Chwith 2/Lt Harold Owen Owen on the Left Spencer Park, Rushden, Swydd Northampton Spencer Park, Rushden, Northamptonshire Diolch i Eric Fowell Courtesy of Eric Fowell Diolch i Eric Fowell Courtesy of Eric Fowell

Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Royal Welsh Fusiliers Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society 15           

BAE SUVLA SUVLA BAY Cymerodd Tri Bataliwn Tiriogaethol y Ffiwsilwyr Three Territorial Battalions of the Royal Welsh Brenhinol Cymreig ran yng nglaniadau Suvla a glanio Fusiliers took part in the Suvla landings and they ar ‘Draeth C’ yn gynnar ar 9 Awst ar ôl hwylio o ynys disembarked on ‘C Beach’ early on the 9th August Lemnos. Gwersyllon nhw yn Lala Baba ac aros yno after sailing from the island of Lemnos. They hyd nes iddynt fynd i frwydro’r diwrnod canlynol. bivouacked at Lala Baba and remained there until Ar 10 Awst, cawsant eu deffro am 3.30am a they went into battle the following day. rhoddwyd te poeth a bisged iddynt cyn ffurfio at On the 10th August, they were awoken at 3.30am ddibenion ymosodiad am 4.30am. and were provided with hot tea and a biscuit Wynebodd Bechgyn Chwarel Penmaenmawr before forming up for an attack at 4.30 am. ymosodiad trwm o sieliau bron yn syth a chofnododd Almost immediately, the Penmaenmawr Quarry Dyddiadur y Bataliwn eu bod yn “ymladd drwy’r Boys came under heavy shellfire and the Battalion Braslun o Fap o Ffosydd Suvla, Capten Frank Mills Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig dydd”. Diary records that they were “fighting all day.” Sketch Map of Trenches at Suvla, Captain Frank Mills Courtesy of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum Yn y prynhawn, arweiniodd gorchymyn i ymosod In the afternoon an order to charge with bayonets gyda bidogau at ganlyniadau trychinebus. Lladdwyd was made with disastrous results. Major Augustus yr Uwchgapten Augustus Wheeler, Rheolwr y Wheeler, the Quarry Manager was killed, as was Chwarel, fel yr Is-sarsiant John Thomas o Mount Lance Sergeant John Thomas of Mount Pleasant Pleasant a’r Preifat Edward Oswald Dowell o Gilfach and Private Edward Oswald Dowell of Gilfach Road. Bu farw’r Preifat Richard Ellis Williams o Dan- Road. Private Richard Ellis Williams of Tan-y- y-Clogwyn, Capel Ulo o’i glwyfau’r diwrnod canlynol. Clogwyn, Capelulo died of his wounds the Byddai ei frawd, Robert, yn cael ei ladd gan saethwr following day. His brother, Robert, would be killed cudd yn nes ymlaen yn yr ymgyrch. Clwyfwyd llawer by a sniper later on in the campaign. Many more mwy o Hogiau’r Chwarel, gan gynnwys y Capten H.T. Quarry Boys were wounded, including Captain H. Jenkins – Meddyg y Chwarel a’r Lt Harold Owen T. Jenkins – the Quarry Doctor and Lt. Harold Owen

Owen o Dan-y-Foel. Owen of Tan-y-Foel. Preifat Richard “Dick” Williams, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Mae’r cofgolofn rhyfel lleol yng nghanol The local war memorial in the centre of Private Richard “Dick” Williams, 6th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers Penmaenmawr yn cofnodi enwau’r 62 o ddynion a fu Penmaenmawr records the names of 62 men who Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society farw yn y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf - pris uchel i dref chwarel died in the First World War – a high price for a small fach. Cwympodd bron i chwarter ohonynt yn Gallipoli. quarrying town. Nearly a quarter fell at Gallipoli.

Traeth “C” – Bae Suvla – 9 Awst, 1915 “C” Beach – Suvla Bay – 9th August, 1915

“Tua 6 o’r gloch y noson honno, aeth Wheeler, Arthur Davies a “About 6pm that evening, Wheeler, Arthur Davies and I minnau i lawr i’r môr i nofio. Roeddem wedi gadael ein paciau, all went down to have a swim in the sea. We had felly dim ond yr hyn yr oeddem yn sefyll ynddo oedd gennym, discarded our packs, so only had what we stood in, thin dril tenau, ond cyflwynodd Roberts, gwas Wheeler, dywel bach drill, but Roberts, Wheeler’s servant produced a small a ddefnyddiwyd gan bob un ohonom. Y diwrnod nesaf, lladdwyd towel we all used. Next day, Wheeler and Arthur Davies Preifat Edward Oswald Dowell, Yr Uwchgapten Augustus “Gus” Wheeler ac Arthur Davies. Dyna beth oedd noson.” were killed. What a night we had.” Yr hogyn ieuengaf o’r chwarel i Wheeler, Rheolwr y Chwarel Capten Frank Mills, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Captain Frank Mills, 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers gael ei ladd mewn brwydr – 10 Lladdwyd mewn brwydr – 10 Awst, Awst, 1915 1915 “Dechreusom yn Column of Route ar draws Salt Lake yng “We started off in Column of Route across the Salt Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr Diolch i Gymdeithas Hanesyddol Penmaenmawr ngolau dydd i’r ymosodiad a chawsom ein peledu’n ddifrifol. Lake in broad daylight to the attack and were shelled to Private Edward Oswald Dowell, Major Augustus “Gus” Wheeler, Rwy’n meddwl yn aml pwy oedd yn gyfrifol am y blazes. I often wonder who was responsible for that The youngest quarry boy killed in Quarry Manager action – 10th August, 1915 Killed in action – 10th August, 1915 camgymeriad ofnadwy hwnnw, cyn i ni fynd ar draws, collais terrible mistake, before we got across, I had lost all my Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society Courtesy of Penmaenmawr Historical Society bob un o’m his-swyddogion, namyn un, ac ni welais ef am subalterns, but one, and I did not see him for three dridiau. Roedd y dynion yn wych ond, wrth gwrs, roedd ein days. The men were splendid but, of course, our colledigion yn erchyll. Brwydron ni drwy’r dydd a symudon ni casualties were appalling. We fought all day, and got ymlaen yn dda i ochr chwith Chocolate Hill, ac yn y cyfamser well forward to the left of Chocolate Hill, meanwhile roedd y ffrynt i gyd ar dân. Y noson honno, roedd y tanio gan the front was all on fire. That evening, the rifle, reiffls, gynnau peiriant a sieliau mawr yn ofnadwy a dim ond machine gun and big shell fire was awful and I only had 24 o ddynion oedd gen i ar ôl o 180 o ddynion.” 24 men left out of 180.” Capten Frank Mills, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Captain Frank Mills, 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

Aethom ymlaen hyd nes i ni gyrraedd Salt Lake - nid oedd “We went on till we came to the Salt Lake – there was cysgod o gwbl ac roedd hi’n fwdlyd iawn. Roedd y Tyrciaid yn no cover at all and it was very muddy. The Turks were dechrau’n peledu ni a gallwn weld y sieliau’n cwympo yng starting to shell us and I could see shells dropping in the nghanol ein Hogiau. Ychydig ymhellach i fyny, cyrhaeddon ni middle of our Boys. A little further on we came to a lwyn ac aethom i drin y rhai oedd wedi’u clwyfo yno. Roeddwn bush and we attended some wounded there. Thinking to yn meddwl i fi’n hun mai hwn oedd fy niwrnod olaf oherwydd myself I thought my last day had come as the bullets roedd y bwledi’n cwympo bob ochr i ni. Dyma le gwelais Dick were dropping alongside of us. Here I saw Dick Williams Williams wedi’i glwyfo - a chlwyf gwael iawn hefyd. Rhoesom wounded – a very bad wound, too. We put him to lay on ef i orwedd ar un o’r cludwelyau. Roedd y llanc druan yn one of the stretchers. The poor lad was shouting for his Milwyr yn glanio ar Traeth C, Bae Suvla gan Norman Wilkinson gweiddi am ei fam. Nid oedd fawr o obaith iddo.” mother. There was poor hopes for him.” Troops Landing at C Beach, Suvla Bay by Norman Wilkinson 16 Preifat Richard Jones, 6ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Private Richard Jones, 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers IWM Art 2452©Imperial War Museum    

Daeth cyrch mis Awst i ben yn raddol ac aeth y fintai ati i gloddio mewn ffosydd, The August offensive fizzled out and troops found themselves dug into gan ddioddef gwres tanbaid y dydd a thymereddau oer y nos. Wrth trenches, enduring the severe heat of the day and the cold temperatures of i’r flwyddyn fynd rhagddi, gwaethygodd y tywydd ac ar noson 26 Tachwedd, night. As the year progressed, the weather deteriorated and on the night of wedi storm daranau ddifrifol, bwrodd cenllif o law. Llenwodd y ffosydd bron yn the 26th November, after a severe thunderstorm, torrential rain fell. It filled syth. Cafodd dynion eu boddi neu eu hysgubo ymaith a bu rhaid iddynt nofio i up the trenches almost immediately. Men drowned or were swept away fan diogel, gyda sawl un yn dal eu gafael mewn coed am y noson. and had to swim to safety, with many clinging onto trees for the night. Yn oriau mân 27 Tachwedd, trodd y storm i gyfeiriad y gogledd-ddwyrain a In the early hours of the 27th November, the storm veered to the north-east throdd yn storm eira gyda gwyntoedd o hyd at 80 milltir yr awr. Parodd am and became a blizzard, with winds of up to 80 miles per hour. It lasted for ddeuddydd arall. a further two days. Yn eu lifrai trofannol o hyd, rhewodd ddynion i farwolaeth yn y ffosydd a Still wearing tropical uniform, men froze to death in the trenches and many dioddefodd llawer mwy o ewinrhew ac oerfel. Cafwyd dros 5,000 o gwympedigion. more suffered from frostbite and exposure. There were over 5,000 casualties.

28 Tachwedd – Dydd Sul: “Gwynt cryf. Roedd hi wedi rhewi drwy’r dydd ac yn bwrw 28th November – Sunday: “Strong wind. Froze all day and snowed at the eira’r un pryd, roeddwn i’n teimlo’n ddiflas dros ben. Nid oedd modd cynnau tân i same time, felt most miserable. Fires could not be made for cooking – goginio – daethpwyd o hyd i ryw 12 gwr ˆ oedd wedi rhewi i farwolaeth. Roedd fy about 12 men found frozen to death. My eyes were bad could not see.” llygaid yn wael, ni allwn weld.” BAE SUVLA SUVLA BAY

Lt/Swyddog Cyflenwi George Claridge, 5ed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Lt/QM George Claridge, 5th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

26 Tachwedd 1915: “Am tua 5.30, ffrwydrodd storm o daranau ofnadwy drosom ac 26th November 1915: “About 5.30 a dreadful thunderstorm burst over us and roedd hi fel petai holl ddicter uffern wedi torri’n rhydd. Cafodd ein holl ffosydd it seemed as though all the furies of hell had broken loose. All our dug-outs ymochel eu golchi i ffwrdd ac roedd y ffrwd yn 2 droedfedd o ddyfnder yn y ffosydd. were washed out and the stream was 2 ft deep in the trenches. It continued Parhaodd tan 10 pm ac yna cliriodd am ychydig a throes fy nhrywsus i fyny, tynnu fy till 10 pm and then cleared a bit and I turned up my breeches, took off my sanau er mwyn troedio o gwmpas y Cwmni i weld sut oedden nhw ac roeddwn i wrth socks waded round the Company to see how they were, and I was delighted fy modd o weld fod pawb mewn hwyliau gweddol. Nid ydw i erioed wedi gweld y fath to find them in fair spirits. I have never known such a storm in any part of storm mewn unrhyw ran o’r byd ac roedd cryfder y gwynt yn frawychus.” ANZAC the world and the strength of the wind was appalling.” ANZAC Capten Scott Powell – 8fed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Captain Scott Powell – 8th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

“Bu sôn dros y dyddiau diwethaf am ymosodiad ar safle’r Tyrciaid ar Fryn Scimitar, “For the last few days there had been rumours of an attack on the Turkish ond os dyna oedd eu bwriad, tarfodd y tywydd arnynt, gan rwystro’r cyfle o position on Scimitar Hill, but if this had been so the weather stepped in, and, weithredu posibl ond gan roi i ni gyd, gan gynnwys y Tyrciaid, yr amser mwyaf not only frustrated the chance of a possible operation but gave us all, the Turks annymunol yr oeddem wedi cael profiad ohono yn ystod y rhyfel o bosibl.” included, probably the most unpleasant time we experienced during the war.” Lt Cyrnol C E Kitchen, 4ydd Bataliwn, Cyffinwyr De Cymru Lt Col C E Kitchen, 4th Battalion, South Wales Borderers

Y cwympedigion ar ôl Storm Fawr mis Tachwedd a darodd penrhyn Gallipoli Diolch i The Keep Military Museum, Dorchester Casualties after the Great Storm of November that hit the Gallipoli peninsula Courtesy of The Keep Military Museum, Dorchest

“Ar y nos Wener cyn i ni gael ein rhyddhau, daeth storm “On the Friday night before we were relieved a big storm fawr. Taranau, mellt, eira a glaw. Y storm fwyaf i mi ei came on. Thunder, lightening, snow and rain. The biggest weld neu obeithio’i weld erioed. Ar ddiwedd y storm, roedd storm I have ever seen or hope to see. At the end of the y dwˆ r i fyny hyd at ein pengliniau. Rhaid i mi ddweud storm we were up to our knees in water. I must tell you wrthych, daeth y dwˆ r i mewn i’r ffosydd heb unrhyw that the water came into the trenches without any warning, rybudd, gan bron foddi rhai o’r dynion. very nearly drowning some of the chaps. Dechreuodd hi rewi wedyn. Wnai fyth anghofio’r storm eira Then it began to freeze. I shall never forget this blizzard. hon. Bu farw sawl un o’n dynion yn y twyni tywod Many of our chaps died in the sand dunes from exposure. oherwydd yr oerfel. Dau o Gaernarfon yr helpais eu claddu Two from Caernarfon which I helped to bury at the wrth yr ysbyty. Gweinyddodd Mr Hughes, Rhostryfan. Mae hospital. Mr Hughes, Rhostryfan officiating. Many of the llawer o’r hogiau yn yr ysbyty’n dioddef o ewinrhew ac chaps are in hospital suffering from frostbite and exposure. oerfel. Dim ond 60 o ddynion sydd ar ôl yn y bataliwn. There are only 60 men left in the battalion. Collais i bob dim – gan gynnwys fy reiffl, offer, dillad isaf, I lost every scrap – including rifle, equipment, raseli – popeth yn y storm eira – underclothing, razors – nid oeddwn yn poeni am ddim everything in the blizzard – I heblaw fy mywyd. Gallaf ddweud cared for nothing but my life. wrthych ei bod hi’n rhyfeddol ein I may tell you its wonderful bod ni wedi dal ati. how we have stuck it.” CQMS Isaac Roberts, 6ed Bataliwn, CQMS Isaac Roberts, 6th Battalion, Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig © Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia – A03770 © Australian War Memorial – G01265 Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Courtesy of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers Museum Royal Welsh Fusiliers 17    

O Ddyddiadur Rhyfel Bataliwn Methiant oedd ymosodiad mis Awst yn ANZAC a Bae The August offensive at ANZAC and Suvla Bay was a y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig, Suvla. Rhyddhawyd y Cadfridog Syr Ian Hamilton o failure. General Sir Ian Hamilton was relieved of the 8fed Bataliwn: orchymyn Byddin Ymgyrchol y Canoldir ac fe’i command of the Mediterranean Expedition Force and “8 Ionawr, 1916: Cynhaliwyd yr disodlwyd gan y Cadfridog Syr Charles Monro. replaced by General Sir Charles Monro. ymgiliad olaf o’r PENRHYN yn ystod y nos. Gadawodd y gyfran fwy o’r Gyda Bwlgaria’n dod i mewn i’r rhyfel ar ochr y Pwerau With the entry of Bulgaria into the war on the side of Bataliwn y ffosydd am 20.00 gan adael Canol a’r lluoedd bellach o fewn tafliad carreg o the Central Powers and forces now within striking rhengoedd ôl o 120 o swyddogion ANZAC yn Salonika, aeth y sefyllfa’n eithafol. Gwnaed distance of ANZAC at Salonika, the situation became digomisiwn a dynion dan orchymyn y argymhelliad i ymgilio o’r penrhyn yn dilyn ymweliad drastic. A recommendation was made to evacuate the Capten A P C Rees i gynnal y llinell tan 23.45. Cynhaliwyd yr esgyniad i’r gan yr Ysgrifennydd Gwladol dros y Rhyfel, y peninsula following a visit made by the Secretary of llong o DRAETH “Z”. Cafwyd Cadlywydd Horatio Kitchener. State for War, Field Marshal Horatio Kitchener. anhawster gyda’r llwythi ysgafnach Yn wahanol i’r ymgyrch ar y tir, roedd yr ymgiliad o Unlike the land campaign, the evacuation of Gallipoli olaf oherwydd bod y môr wedi codi ac Gallipoli’n llwyddiant. Hwyliodd bron i 150,000 o was a success. Nearly 150,000 men sailed away from roedd gwynt cryf yn chwythu. Aethpwyd â Phencadlys y Bataliwn a ddynion i ffwrdd o’r penrhyn rhwng mis Rhagfyr 1915 a the peninsula between December 1915 and January 300 o ddynion mewn llong ddistryw a mis Ionawr 1916 gyda nifer fach iawn o gwympedigion. 1916 with minimal casualties. dechreuwyd teithio i LEMNOS ond Y llong olaf i fynd â’r fintai i ffwrdd o Fae Suvla oedd The last ship to take troops away from Suvla Bay was oherwydd y môr eithriadol o arw, HMS Barryfield – arferai’r Stemar Olwyn Barry fod yn HMS Barryfield – formerly Paddle Steamer Barry that roedd hi’n amhosibl symud ymlaen yno ac aeth y Llong Ddistryw i gwch oedd yn fwy cysylltiedig â phleser na rhyfel cyn had been a boat more associated with pleasure than IMBROS i gysgodi lle trawslwythwyd y 1914. Gweithiodd HMS Barryfield ar hyd ymgyrch war prior to 1914. HMS Barryfield worked throughout fintai i stemar olwyn a’u cludo i Gallipoli yn cludo dynion a darpariaethau i’r traethau, the Gallipoli campaign ferrying men and provisions to LEMNOS. Casglwyd y Bataliwn i gyd gan ddioddef rhywfaint o ddifrod i un o’i hesgyll pan the beaches, sustaining some damage to one of its yma erbyn 12.00 ar 10 Ionawr - gafodd ei tharo gan ffrwydryn. Yn yr Ail Ryfel Byd, fe’i paddles when hit by a mine. In World War 2, cynhaliwyd yr ymgiliad cyflawn bron hailenwyd yn HMS Snaefell a hon oedd un o’r “llongau renamed HMS Snaefell, it was one of the “little ships” heb unrhyw gwympedigion.” bach” a achubodd y dynion o draethau Dunkirk. that rescued men from the Dunkirk beaches. Y Lt Cyrnol A Hay, y Prif Swyddog, 8fed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig.

From 8th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers Battalion War Diary: “8th January, 1916: The final evacuation of the PENINSULA was carried out during the night. The greater portion of the Battalion left the trenches at 20.00 leaving a rear party of 120 NCO’s and men under the command of Captain A P C Rees to hold the line till 23.45. Embarkation was carried out from “Z” Bedd y Preifat Thomas H Bull, 8fed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol BEACH. Difficulty was Cymreig – Mynwent Pink Farm. 16 oed. Bu farw yn ystod yr ymgiliad experienced with the last o Gallipoli – 7 Ionawr, 1916. few lighter loads owing to Diolch i Alun Salisbury Arglwydd Kitchener yn ymweld â’r ffosydd, Gallipoli Grave of Private Thomas H Bull, 8th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers – Lord Kitchener Visiting Trenches, Gallipoli the sea having got up and a Pink Farm Cemetery. 16 years old. He died during the evacuation of Q13595©Imperial War Museum strong wind blowing. Gallipoli – 7th January, 1916. Courtesy of Alun Salisbury Battalion Headquarters and 300 men were taken off in a Tedi Bêr – Fe’i darganfuwyd gan yr Uwch-sarsiant Destroyer and a start was Sidney Davies Bean, DCM, 2il Fataliwn, Cyffinwyr De Cymru yn ystod yr ymgiliad o’r ffosydd yn made for LEMNOS but Helles ym mis Ionawr 1916. Ni wyddys pwy oedd owing to the extremely y perchennog gwreiddiol ond mae’n debygol na lwyddodd i oroesi ymgyrch Gallipoli. rough sea it was impossible Dyfarnwyd y Fedal Gwasanaeth Neilltuol i’r to proceed there and the Uwch-sarsiant Bean ar 3 Mai 1915. Diolch i Amgueddfa Gatrodol y Cymry Brenhinol, Aberhonddu Destroyer went for shelter Teddy Bear – Discovered by Sergeant Sidney to IMBROS where the Davies Bean, DCM, 2nd Battalion, South Wales troops were transhipped to Borderers during the evacuation of trenches at Helles in January 1916. It is not known who a paddle steamer and was the original owner but it is likely that he conveyed to LEMNOS. The Stemar Olwyn Barry [HMS Barry] Y llong olaf i did not survive the Gallipoli campaign. Battalion was all collected adael Bae Suvla yn ystod Ymgiliad mis Rhagfyr. Sergeant Bean went on to be awarded the Ffotograff diolch i wefan y Barry Merchant Seamen Distinguished Service Medal on the 3rd May 1915. here by 12.00 on January Paddle Steamer Barry [HMS Barry] Last ship to Courtesy of The Regimental Museum of the Royal Welsh, Brecon 10th – the complete evacuation leave Suvla Bay during the December Evacuation. Photograph courtesy of the Barry Merchant Seamen website having been carried out with practically no casualties.” Lt Colonel A Hay, Commanding Officer, 8th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers

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Roedd Gallipoli yn orchfygiad i’r Gallipoli was a defeat for the Allies and a victory for Cynghreiriaid ac yn fuddugoliaeth i Dwrci. Turkey. It eventually led to the founding of a new Arweiniodd yn y pen draw at sefydlu state led by one of the heroes of the campaign gwladwriaeth newydd dan arweiniad un o – Kemal Atatürk. arwyr yr ymgyrch – Kemal Atatürk. For New Zealand and Australia, the Roedd ymgyrch Gallipoli yn drobwynt yn Gallipoli campaign was a turning point in hanesion Seland Newydd ac Awstralia. their respective histories. It is here that Dyma lle ganed yr ANZAC chwedlonol. the ANZAC legend was born. Bu’r amodau’n erchyll i bob ochr a The conditions had been horrific for all chydnabuwyd y cryfder a’r dewrder a sides and the tenacity and bravery ddangoswyd gan y rheiny a frwydrodd am shown by those who fought for the wyth mis yr ymgyrch gan y ddwy fyddin a eight months of the campaign was frwydrodd ar y penrhyn. Magodd parch acknowledged by both armies that rhwng y “Johnnies” a’r “Mehmets”. fought on the peninsula. A mutual Er i’r ymladd fod yn ffyrnig a gwaedlyd, respect grew between the gwelwyd achosion bach o garedigrwydd a “Johnnies” and the “Mehmets”. pharch ymhlith erchylltra’r rhyfela – roedd Although the fighting was fierce and y cadoediadau i gladdu’r meirw ar y ddwy bloody, small acts of kindness and ochr yn gyffredin a daeth Storm Fawr mis respect were acted out amid the Tachwedd yn “ffenomenon naturiol heb ei horror of warfare – truces to bury the rhagweld gyda’r cwympedigion yn waeth dead on both sides were na’r rhai yn y brwydrau.” commonplace and the Great Storm of November became “an unforseen natural phenomenon with casualties worse than battle.”

Gallipoli – Milwr Twrcaidd wedi’i anafu mewn Gorsaf Drin Clwyfau Awstralaidd © Cofeb Rhyfel Awstralia – A03770 Gallipoli – Injured Turkish soldier at an Australian Dressing Station. © Australian War Memorial – A03770

Darlun gan y Lefftenant Richard John Lunt Roberts Drawing by Lt Richard John Lunt Roberts of o’r 6ed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig, a 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers, who wasanaethodd yn ystod ymgyrch Gallipoli. Roedd served during the Gallipoli campaign. He was System Ffosydd Twrci –Diolch i Alun Salisbury yn arlunydd dawnus a aeth ymlaen i ddarlunio a talented artist who later went on to ilustrate Turkish Trench System –Courtesy of Alun Salisbury cloriau llyfrau a darlunio i gylchgrawn Punch. book covers and draw for Punch magazine. Diolch i Amgueddfa’r Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig Courtesy of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers Museum

Mae un hanes am gludwr dwˆr o Dwrci, neu saka, yn tynnu sylw at y caredigrwydd One story about a Turkish water carrier, a saka, highlights that kindness, even in hwnnw, hyd yn oed ar yr adegau mwyaf anodd: the most difficult of times:

“Un diwrnod, collodd cludwr dwˆr o’r 57fed Catrawd ei ffordd a chamodd “One day a water carrier from the 57th Regiment lost his way and i ffosydd y gelyn. Gan sylweddoli iddo wneud camgymeriad, dywedodd entered enemy trenches. Realising his mistake he said ‘My ‘Anfonodd fy nghomander fi draw yma. Roedd yn meddwl efallai bod commander sent me over here. He thought you might be in need of angen dwˆr arnoch yn ystod y diwrnodau haf poeth hyn.’ Roedd y milwyr water during these hot summer days.’ The Allied soldiers who were Cynghreiriol oedd wastad yn eithriadol o brin o ddwˆr yn falch iawn o’r always extremely short of water were very pleased with the offer. cynnig. Cymerasant y bagiau dwˆr oddi wrtho a llwytho’i ful gyda’u They took the bags of water off him and loaded his mule with gifts rhoddion eu hunain, bwyd mewn tun a siocledi cyn iddynt ei anfon yn ôl.” of their own, canned food and chocolates before sending him back.” O: “Gallipoli Campaign” gan Simon Bilge a’r Is-gadfridog R Tuaf 1995. From: “Gallipoli Campaign” by Simon Bilge and Lt Gen R Tuaf 1995. 19    

Arafodd a stopiodd ymgyrch Gallipoli gyda’r gost o The Gallipoli campaign ground to a halt with the ran bywydau’n rhyw 86,000 o fintai Twrcaidd, cost in lives of around 86,000 Turkish troops, 10,000 o Ffrancod a rhyw 36,000 o filwyr y 10,000 Frenchmen and almost 36,000 Gymanwlad. Commonwealth soldiers. Nid oedd modd i Gomisiwn y Beddau Rhyfel It was not until after the Armistice of 1918 that the Imperialaidd ddychwelyd i’r penrhyn i glirio maes y Imperial War Graves Commission was able to return gad a cheisio enwi cynifer o’r cwympedigion â to the peninsula to clear the battlefields and attempt phosibl tan ar ôl y Cadoediad ym 1918. to identify as many of the fallen as possible. Erbyn hyn, roedd y beddau gwreiddiol oedd By this time, original graves that had been marked wedi’u marcio gyda’u henwau wedi diflannu ac ni by name had disappeared and were never found ddaethpwyd o hyd iddynt fyth eto. Arysgrifennwyd again. 27,000 names are inscribed on six memorials 27,000 o enwau ar chwe chofeb i’r colledigion ar to the missing on Gallipoli with the majority found Gallipoli gyda’r mwyafrif wedi’u canfod ar Gofeb on the Helles Memorial that stands on the tip of the Helles sy’n sefyll ar flaen y penrhyn. peninsula. Mae Cofeb Merthyron Çanakkale wedi’i chysegru The Çanakkale Martyrs’ Memorial is dedicated to the i’r milwyr Twrcaidd a frwydrodd yn ddewr am eu Turkish soldiers who fought bravely for their mamwlad ac a ddaeth yn wrthwynebwyr mawr eu homeland and who became respected adversaries Cofeb Helles, Gallipoli – Diolch i Marietta Crichton Stuart parch i’r dynion a glaniodd ar eu glannau. to the men who landed on their shores. Helles Memorial, Gallipoli – Courtesy of Marietta Crichton Stuart

Mynwent Ffrengig, Gallipoli Cofeb y Merthyron – I gofio’r Colledigion Twrcaidd yn ystod Ymgyrch Gallipoli Diolch i Graham Knight Diolch i Graham Knight French Cemetery, Gallipoli The Martyrs Memorial –Commemorating the Turkish Losses During the Gallipoli Campaign Courtesy of Graham Knight Courtesy of Graham Knight

Preifat Thomas Maelor Davies Private Thomas Maelor Davies Preifat Willie Williams Private Willie Williams 6ed Bataliwn, y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig 6th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers 7fed Bataliwn, Y Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig 7th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers 6, Stryd Fictoria, Caernarfon 6, Victoria Street, Caernarfon Blaenrhos, 205, Heol Manod, Blaenau Ffestiniog Blaenrhos, 205, Manod Road,Blaenau Ffestiniog Mynwent Lala Baba, Bae Suvla Lala Baba Cemetery, Suvla Bay Diolch i Alun Salisbury Courtesy of Alun Salisbury Yn debygol o fod wedi marw yn y Storm Fawr Likely to have been a casualty of the Great Storm Diolch i Alun Salisbury Courtesy of Alun Salisbury

20 “I’r arwyr hynny a gollodd waed ac yna’u bywydau; “Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives; Rydych chi’n gorwedd dan dir gwlad gyfeillgar. You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Felly cysgwch yn dawel. Therefore rest in peace. Nid oes gwahaniaeth rhwng y Johnnies a’r Mehmets i ni There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets Lle gorweddant ochr yn ochr yn ein gwlad. To us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours.

Chi famau a anfonodd eu meibion o wledydd pell, You, the mothers, who sent their sons from far away countries, Sychwch eich dagrau; Wipe away your tears; Gorwedd eich meibion yn ein mynwes ac mewn hedd. Your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace. Ar ôl colli eu bywydau ar y tir hwn After having lost their lives on this land Maen nhw nawr yn feibion i ni hefyd.” They have become our sons as well.”

Mustapha Kemal Atatürk Mustapha Kemal Atatürk Arlywydd Cyntaf Twrci First President of Turkey A Frwydrodd yn Gallipoli Who Fought at Gallipoli 1934 1934

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1934

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