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8 HR Share Several Evident Textual Errors: Two Twice-Repeated Lines

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8 HR Share Several Evident Textual Errors: Two Twice-Repeated Lines [from Eric Weiskott, “Alliterative Meter after 1450: The Vision of William Banastre,” in Aspects of Early English Poetic Culture: Studies in Honour of Geoffrey R. Russom, ed. Lindy Brady and M. J. Toswell (Medieval Institute Publications, forthcoming)] 8 HR share several evident textual errors: two twice-repeated lines (after l. 105, repeating l. 106; and after l. 111, repeating l. 110), insertion of a grammatically superfluous particle (he shall for presumptive He at l. 115, consequent on misprision of 115a mon ‘shall’ <ON munu as ‘man’), and four other presumptive errors (at 22a Therwhiles, 83a Lesbury, 86b, and 98b knowe). Taken together, these shared errors suggest that HR descend from an archetype at some remove from the original. The twice-repeated lines, in which eyeskip occurred at line boundaries, also suggest that the HR archetype was laid out as verse, as in H, not as prose, as in R. As the earlier of the two extant manuscript witnesses, H serves as the copy-text and governs the accidentals of the edited text and title. In the following critical edition, scribal punctuation is omitted, and the caesura between a-verse and b-verse is represented by a tabbed space. Paleographically uncertain or reconstructed readings are enclosed in parentheses. Punctuation is used to clarify ambiguous syntax and to indicate questions, the bounds of speeches, and the ends of larger rhetorical units, but no attempt has been made to make modern sentences of the text. Italics indicate expansion of scribal abbreviations, except that the ampersand is silently expanded to and. Capitalization is editorial and follows modern usage, including capitals at the beginning of each line of verse. Y for þ in abbreviations of particles such as ‘that’ and ‘the’ is printed þ. Line-initial ff is rendered F. Difficult words and phrases are accompanied by glosses, with etymologies where this has been thought useful. In the apparatus, HR readings are given in the form of H. The Vision of William Banastre Part of þe visioun of Sire William Banastre knyght “Lord, sey me for þe mayden love that thou þi modir calles What shall worthe of our kyng lord, yf it be þi wyll?” “I shall [þe tel], William and haue sone done: Ther shall a kyng prik westward propirly with pride 5 And gedir hym an herd fast al out of towne army <OE hired 9 And set hym in a seege12 til a full sory walle But þat shall be as nedelese þat þey seile þedir Als he þat buskes to a bote þat broken were þe rother And þe wynd of þe west were went hym agayne. 10 Therwiles shal Albanie bernes buske out þerag[a]yn And bende bakward behynde into Bretayne And make a blody hervest in a handwhile And wirke bataill bi southe whiles he þere dwellis And whan he hers þat word þan werkis his hert 15 And shall warry þe sithe þat euer he was born of modir curse <OE wirgan Þat he ne were depe þat day dolven vndir erthe Owther sonken þer among þe salt stremes. So shall he greved be he shall grete with bothe his eyen cry <OE gretan And he shall remeve his sege as neuer kyng shold 20 And folow on frekely to fynd þem in his anger scent (hunting) And he þat he trestis most [s]hall tray hym sone.13 The[r]whiles14 shal Albanie bernes be away by þe west bankes And ageyne to þe kith withouten care maked And þus shal worthe of þose lede[s] leue þou þe sothe 25 And alle haue I destenyed this for þe dede of þose synnis.” “Lord,” [said William,]15 “þan were it good þat kyng wer[e] vndir erthe.” “Now maddist þow, William whan þow s[o] me[ll]est.” “Lord,” said William, “was neuer kyng in care cast so mykel in a tide Ne neuer holden so high on loft and so low light.” 30 “William, he shall be tened and takyn and tynt in his owne Wandrand in wild kith where no man hym kennes Amonges þe wild lyons [þ]at he hymself ken. Than after he shall be fond as a fawcoun feir at þe last Wele faire fleand into his owne full bold and full prest swift <OF 35 This I warn þe, William on world it shall fare And tell [me] þi[s] good men16 þat Holy Kirke kepis And yf þei hold it for fabill founden in towne concocted It shall be by prophecy preued at þe last. Thre bugle(s), [William, I þe tell, blow shall] in Bretayn 40 By þe last [blaste] haue bl(ow)en þan shall blis fall The first þat blowe(s) he bydes in þe northwest; 12 Possibly a reference to Edward IV’s ineffectual siege of Harlech Castle, Gwynedd, in northwest Wales (4a westward), to which Margaret of Anjou fled after the Battle of Northampton in 1460. Edward did not take Harlech until 1468. 13 Conceivably a reference to the rebellion of Richard Neville against Edward IV in 1469. 14 H the whiles and R the whiell show a conjunctive phrase meaning ‘while, during the time that’ (MED Online, ‘whīles (n.),’ c and ‘whīle (n.)’, 1b(a)), but an adverb is required by the future tense of 22a. Cf. 10a. 15 The speech tag said William is extra-metrical (hence H omits it). Other extrametrical speech tags are 28a “Lord,” said William; 30a and 39a William; and 54a lord. Cf. Finnsburgh Fragment 24a “Sigeferþ is min nama (cweð he)” and Piers Plowman B.1.85a “Whan alle tresors arn tried (quod she).” See W. W. Skeat, “An Essay on Alliterative Poetry,” in Bishop Percy’s Folio Manuscript, edited by John W. Hales and Frederick J. Furnivall (3 vols.) (London: Trübner, 1867-68), vol. 3, pp. xi-xxxix, at pp. xxxv-xxxvi. 16 The sense is ‘tell this (prediction) for me to (the) good men,’ with me representing an ethical dative and men the dative plural. H simplifies the syntax, omitting me with reinterpretation of þis as a form of ‘these.’ 10 It shall be wele blakker þan bylle of a crawe17 With a treity of howles knyt in þe myddes And a corbid best þe corner [þat] yemes.18 crippled <OF corber 45 Trei trenta[ul]es19 this athel shall wirke trentals (thirty-part masses for the dead) I shall send hym a kay a curle[u] þat yemes20 And bid hym walkand be in all his wirkes Fro tide of mydnyght vnto þe mydmorn. On þe morn he shall do þat fey vpoun feld livestock <OE feoh 50 But wrecched Pride hath won þe day and þat hym likes And þere shall lele Loue be laught all out of lyue. Þan at a brigge ende mon þe bale fall Þat myracles in Holy Kirke know shall sone after.” reveal “Ye whan [þat day shall] fa[l]le, lord, for þi modir loue þou me te(ll).” 55 “Nou maddest þou, William whan þou so mellest. Waite a wate somer and a wyndy hervest A wakand wynter with many wery knyghtes And after by þe Mawdeleyn day þan shall blode ren.”21 “Now is mekyll wondir lord, of thise wordes.” 60 “Yit it is more wondir, William to tell þe þe sothe To se a femal22 fel þe floure of Breteyn And make a bro[del] to be kyng þe kith for to kepe. scoundrel This tyme shall be with care and c[o]myng of knyghtes Be wele wa[l]kand aboute and wandrynge of sorowe23 65 Bold bachelers shall be and neithir set be othir. The tane shall seke southward with sore hert gevene The othir homward to her kith with mekyll care maked But þer shall brest a bugle and blow in þe southwest And whan þat bugil shall brest so mekill blis comes 70 And he shall raise a baner þat neuer none ere liftid 17 Vision, ll. 41-2 = First Scottish Prophecy, ll. 5-6. A similar succession of images, including the bugle, occurs in the roughly contemporary Marvels of Merlin, ll. 5-7 (NIMEV 1260 and 2613.5). See Jansen Jaech, “‘Marvels,’” p. 37. 18 ‘That guards the corner’ or possibly ‘embrasure (of a castle)’ (MED Online, ‘corner (n.(2))’). The emendation improves the meter, maintains parallelism with the other two items in the list, and makes good poetic syntax (cf. l. 46b). A scribe overlooked þat in an unexpected syntactical position. R omits this line. 19 H trent andres could have arisen from misprision of u as n and l as d, perhaps buttressed by misprision of trent as a complete word with the same meaning (MED Online, ‘trent’). R omits this line. 20 The a-verse means ‘I shall give over (the place) to him’ (MED Online, ‘keie (n.(1)),’ 1b(b)). Cf. First Scottish Prophecy 39, “And þe comoynis of kynt | sall kast hime key” and the alliterative Prophecies of St. Thomas of Canterbury, l. 172. A text of the Prophecies of St. Thomas occurs in H (partially edited by Taylor, Political Prophecy, p. 165). The b-verse means ‘who keeps a curlew’ (MED Online, ‘yēmen,’ 2c). 21 To ll. 56-8 cf. NLW MS 441C (olim Williams 219) (sixteenth c.), p. 16: “At somer after at Sandyefoorde is more care/ for euer of Mawdelyens day after”; and BL MS Sloane 2578, fol. 73v (a rhyming verse prophecy copied as prose): “a wyndy somer, a whyte harvest, before this said shalbe. a wtry wynter with wakinge knightes. a blody lenton after shalbe. haue good day I goo my waye.
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