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ASSESSMENT of the BIODIVERSITY Hue Saola Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

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ASSESSMENT of the BIODIVERSITY Hue Saola Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam ANNAMITE STRIPED RABBIT NESOLAGUS TIMMINSI PHOTO CREDIT: WWF-VIETNAM, IZW, USAID ASSESSMENT OF THE BIODIVERSITY Hue Saola Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam Disclaimer: This report is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID.) The contents of report are the sole responsibility of ECODIT/WWF-Vietnam as a sub-contractor and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTENTS ACRONYMS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 PART 1. SITE DESCRIPTION 4 PART 2: SURVEY DESCRIPTION 5 OVERVIEW 5 AIMS 7 SURVEY METHODS 7 CAMERA TRAPPING 8 SMALL MAMMALS 8 BIRDS 10 REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS 10 PLANTS 12 FOREST COVER AND FOREST FRAGMENTATION 14 PART 3. RESULTS: CAMERA TRAPPING 15 COMPLETENESS OF COVERAGE 15 SURVEY RESULTS 15 KEY SPECIES ACCOUNTS 17 THREATS 19 PART 4. RESULTS: SMALL MAMMALS 20 COMPLETENESS OF COVERAGE 20 KEY SPECIES ACCOUNTS 21 THREATS 2 PART 5. RESULTS: BIRDS 3 COMPLETENESS OF COVERAGE 3 KEY SPECIES ACCOUNTS 4 THREATS 6 PART 6. RESULTS: REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS 6 COMPLETENESS OF COVERAGE 6 KEY SPECIES ACCOUNTS 6 THREATS 11 PART 7. RESULTS: PLANTS 11 COMPLETENESS OF COVERAGE 11 KEY SPECIES ACCOUNTS 12 THREATS 14 PART 8. RESULTS: FOREST COVER AND FRAGMENTATION 15 PART 9: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16 REFERENCES 19 ANNEX I: SPECIES LIST 24 SPECIES RECORDED BY CAMERA TRAP 24 SMALL MAMMAL SPECIES RECORDED 27 BIRD SPECIES RECORDED 31 AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILES SPECIES RECORDED 42 THREATENED PLANT SPECIES RECORDED 45 ANNEX 2: GLOSSARY 47 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 – Forest Cover Types Of Hue SNR In 2018 4 Table 2 - Species List, Number Of Detections And Naive Occupancy Estimates Of All Ground Dwelling Mammal And Bird Species In Hue Saola Nature Reserve. 15 Table 3 - Survey Effort For Small Mammal Surveys. 20 Table 4 – Total Small Mammal Species Recorded At Each Site And Diversity Indices. 21 Table 5 – Dominance Indices – Small Mammals 21 Table 6 - Survey Effort For Amphibians And Reptiles 6 Table 7 - Encounter Rates For Indochinese Water Dragon 7 Table 8 - Encounter Rates For Granular Spiny Frogs 7 Table 9 - Encounter Rates For Smooth Soft Poilan Frogs 8 Table 10 - Encounter Rates Black Striped Frog 9 Table 11 - Encounter Rates Hasse Spadefood Toads 9 Table 12 - Encounter Rates Of Staine Pitviper 10 Table 13- Survey Effort For Plant Surveys In Hue Saola NR 11 Table 14 - Plant Species Of Conservation Concern In Hue Saola NR 12 Table 15 – Forest Cover Change 15 Table 16 - Mammal Species Recorded From Systematic Camera Trapping Surveys In Five PAS 24 Table 17 - Bird Species Recorded From Systematic Camera Trapping Surveys In Five PAS 25 Table 18 – Small Mammal Species Recorded In Hue Saola Nature Reserve 27 Table 19 - Bird Species List For Hue Saola Nature Reserve 31 Table 20 - Mackinnon List Results For Hue Saola Nature Reserve 37 Table 21 - Mackinnon List Results For Hue Saola Nature Reserve 39 Table 22 - Mackinnon List Results For Hue Saola Nature Reserve 40 Table 23 – Amphibian And Reptile Species List For Hue Saola Nature Reserve 42 Table 24 – Threatened Plant Species List For Hue Saola Nature Reserve 45 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – Map Showing The Location And Forest Cover Of Hue Saola Nature Reserve. 4 Figure 2 - A Harp Trap Set In The Forest. 9 Figure 3 - Methodological Approach For Sampling Plants Used During This Survey. 12 Figure 4 - How To Organize Components In The Main Sample Plot. 13 Figure 5 – Distribution Of Cameras And Number Of Species Detected At Each Camera Trap Station In Hue SNR (Top) And Quang Nam SNR (Bottom). 17 Figure 6 - Annamite Striped Rabbit Nesolagus Timminsi, An Annamite Endemic. 18 Figure 7 - Annamite Dark Muntjac Muntiacus Rooseveltorum / Truongsonensis. 18 Figure 8 - Male Crested Argus Rheinardia Ocellata. 19 Figure 9 - Small-Toothed Mole Euroscaptor Parvidens 1 Figure 10 – The Large Brown Flying Squirrel Petaurista Philippensis 2 Figure 11 - Species Accumulation Curve For Bird Surveys In Hue Saola NR Using The Mackinnon List Approach. 3 Figure 12 - Great Hornbill, A Near Threatened Species Still Occurring In Hue SNR. 5 Figure 13 - Indochinese Water Dragon. 7 Figure 14 - Granular Spiny Frog. 8 Figure 15 - Smooth Soft Poilan Frog. 8 Figure 16 - Black Striped Frog 9 Figure 17 - Hasse Spadefood Toad 10 Figure 18 - Staine Pitviper 10 Figure 19 - Map Showing The Deforestation/Degradation Of Thua Thien Hue Saola NR (Far Left), Quang Nam Saola NR, And Bac Hai Van PNR Between 2012 And 2016. 15 ACRONYMS asl Above Sea Level BCC Biodiversity Conservation Corridors CAL Central Annamites Landscape CarBi Avoidance of deforestation and forest degradation in the border area of southern Laos and central Vietnam for the long-term preservation of carbon sinks and biodiversity project DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DoNRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment EBA Endemic Bird Area FPD Forest Protection Department GIS Geographic Information Systems ha Hectares IBA Important Bird Area IZW Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MB Management Board MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NP National Park NR Nature Reserve PA Protected Area PNR Proposed Nature Reserve SMART Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool SNR Saola Nature Reserve SOP Standard Operating Procedure TNA Training Needs Assessment UTM Universal Transverse Mercator WWF World Wide Fund for Nature USAID.GOV ASSESSMENT OF THE BIODIVERSITY OF HUE SAOLA NATURE RESERVE, THUA THIEN HUE, VIETNAM | 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Central Annamites houses one of the largest continuous natural forest areas in continental Asia. It is home to many endemic species including the saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), large antlered muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis), Truong Son muntjac (Muntiacus truongsonensis), Owston’s civet (Chrotogale owstoni), crested argus (Rheinardia ocellata), and Annamite striped rabbit (Nesolagus timminsi); as well as other species of high conservation value including gibbons (Nomascus annamenis), red and grey shanked douc langurs (Pygathrix spp) and several pheasants (Lophura spp). The Central Annamites is included as part of the Annamite Range Moist Forests, one of the Global 200 Ecoregions which have been identified as the most crucial areas for conservation of global biodiversity (Olson & Dinerstein 1998). Within the Indochina region it is recognized as being an important biodiversity corridor containing multiple Key Biodiversity Areas within the target area of Quang Nam and Thua Thien Hue Provinces, including; A Luoi-Nam Dong; Bach Ma; Ngoc Linh; Phong Dien and Song Thanh (Tordoff et al 2012). But while the Central Annamites are characterized by high biodiversity, it is also under high anthropogenic pressures, which have reduced the population sizes of the region’s most important threatened and endemic taxa. The two biggest threats to wildlife are poaching and logging; poaching (commonly through snaring) has targeted ground dwelling mammals and birds, and logging has disturbed arboreal species. Most information available to management boards stems from rapid wildlife and habitat assessments conducted prior to the preparation of an investment plan for establishment of these nature reserves which produce lists of species, but often includes no quantitative data on species abundance or distribution making it difficult to set management priorities. The Biodiversity Inventories component under the Green Annamites project aims to establish a baseline for biodiversity monitoring systems in identified PAs (Song Thanh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam Saola Nature Reserve, Phong Dien Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Sao La Nature Reserve, Bac Hai Van Protection Forest Area). This will include creation of species lists, abundance estimates of key species and threat analysis data in the landscape that will provide input into management planning and zoning of target protected areas. This data will serve as a basis for upgrading, expanding and establishing new PAs in the landscape and facilitating sustainable management. The current report details biodiversity surveys conducted in Hue Saola Nature Reserve as part of the USAID funded Green Annamites project, with this component implemented by WWF-Vietnam. Taxonomic surveys included field-based surveys for small mammals (Class: Mammalia), birds (Class: Aves), Reptiles (Class: Reptilia), amphibians (Class: Amphibia) and plants (Kingdom: Plantae). In addition, extensive camera trapping was conducted in order to detect largely terrestrial mammals and birds, which would not be detected through other methods. Prior to surveys, scoping work was conducted to provide an initial assessment of the current state of knowledge of targeted taxa for biodiversity surveys in the protected areas of Thua Thien Hue and Quang Nam provinces. The Scoping Report outlined the initial approaches to surveys in terms of methods and effort to be applied. Subsequently, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) were developed to detail the methodological approaches for collecting and analyzing data. The creation of Standard Operating Procedures ensured a standardized approach across protected areas in terms of data collection and analysis during field-based biodiversity assessments. Six SOPs were developed: - SOP for Small Mammal Surveys - SOP for Bird Surveys - SOP for Amphibian and Reptile Surveys - SOP for Plants - SOP for Camera Trapping - SOP for Field-based Threat Assessments USAID.GOV ASSESSMENT OF THE BIODIVERSITY OF HUE SAOLA NATURE RESERVE, THUA THIEN
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