ANNEXURE 7 Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan (RADMP)

for Improvement of Daund Paranda to Osmanabad Road (SH 68), from Korti village (Km 137/260) to Awati village (Km 189/120), in taluka Karmala, district , .

1.1 Introduction

The Maharashtra State Road Improvement Project (MSRIP) intends to upgrade and maintain 451.30 kilometres of SHs/MDRs forming part of the core road network in Maharashtra. This will involve upgrading 13 SHs/MDRs to two-lane standard and performance-based maintenance contracts to maintain the improved road assets for 5 years after construction. It also includes initiatives to build institutional capacity within the Public Works Division, Government of Maharashtra, focusing on improved road safety and road asset management.

As per the general requirement under EIA notification 2006, and its subsequent amendments, and specifically as per point no. 32 of the General Conditions mentioned in the Terms of Reference (ToR) granted for the project, it is required to furnish a comprehensive Disaster Management Plan including emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disasters.

1.1.1. Project Location

The project alignment starts from village Korti, and ends near village Awati, both in Karmala tehsil of , in between Chainage 137+260 to Chainage 189+120. The project alignment is part of the existing Maharashtra State Highway No. 68. The total length of the project is 51.860 km; however, since 1.52 km length of the alignment is under the jurisdiction of Karmala Municipal Council, the effective length of present project is considered to be 50.54 km. Start Point of the project alignment is located at Ch. Km 137+260, near Korti village at the district border with Ahmednagar district [Latitude: 18°24'38.08"N / Longitude: 75°00'22.66"E] while the End point is located at Ch. Km 189+120 near Rossa village (Awati), at the district border with Osmanabad district [Latitude: 18°18'08.43"N / Longitude: 75°24'24.87"E]. Some important project details are summarised below in Table 1.

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Table 1: Project Details

Sr. Particulars : Details No. Project road : Improvement of Daund Karmala Paranda Barshi to Osmanabad Road (SH 68), from Korti village (Km 1. 137/260) to Awati village (Km 189/120), in taluka Karmala, district Solapur, Maharashtra. Geographical location : Start Point: Ch. Km 137+260 (near Korti village) Latitude: 18°24'38.08"N ; Longitude: 75°00'22.66"E 2. End point: Ch. Km 189+120 (near Rossa village) Latitude: 18°18'08.43"N ; Longitude: 75°24'24.87"E Alignment of the Package : The Alignment passes through following villages of 3. passing through villages Karmala taluka in Solapur district: Korti, Vihal, Veet, Karmal, Pande, Phisare, Salse, Awati & Rossa 4. Total Estimated Cost : Approximately 250.61 Crores Area requirements : Total Area – 101.08 Ha 5. Non Forest Area – 99.18 Ha Forest Area – 1.90 Ha Carriageway : Existing: 5.5 m to 7.0 m – Two Lane with Murrum 6. Shoulders Proposed: 10 m (7m CW+1.5m PS on either side) 7. Highway Design Standards proposed: a. Design Speed : 40-80 kmph b. Carriageway : 2 Lanes (Flexible Pavement) c. Lane Width : 3.50 m d. Shoulders 8. Seismic zone : Zone – II (Low Damage Risk Zone or MSK VI)

The Project location marked on SoI toposheet with 5km and 10km buffers around the alignment is shown as Figure 1.

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Karmala town Korti village

Awati village

Rossa village Salse village

Figure 1: Project Location marked on SoI Toposheet

1.1.2. Definitions: Risk Assessment and Disaster

Risk assessment is a process that seeks to estimate the likelihood of occurrence of adverse effects as a result of major road mishaps, fire hazards, floods, cyclones, earth quakes, etc. In the context of Highway projects in , the fatality rate is very high mainly due to road accidents. The other adverse impacts due to gas tanker explosions, fire hazards, floods, cyclones, earth quakes etc., although nominal, cannot be ignored altogether. It is important, therefore, to formulate a project specific Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan in order to be in a state of preparedness to respond in a structured and systematic manner to the disasters if and when they occur, so that loss of human life & property can be minimized and recovery after the disaster is possible within a short time.

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The UNISDR (2009) defines disaster as: “A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.” UNISDR considers disaster to be a result of the combination of many factors such as the exposure to hazards, the conditions of vulnerability that are present, and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences. Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injuries, disease and other negative effects on human physical, mental and social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruption and environmental degradation.

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 uses the following definition for disaster: "Disaster" means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.” Since the scale of the disruptions due to disaster is beyond the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources, it is obvious that in order to have an effective Disaster Management Plan for the project – during construction phase and operational phase, an effective interface has to be maintained at all times by the project personnel during the Construction Phase (by Contractor/Supervision Consultants) and in operations phase, with the State Disaster Management Unit which includes the Disaster Management Unit of the MCGM. In other words, the Disaster Management Plan for the project must integrate with and complement the Disaster Management Plan of GoM / MCGM.

1.1.3. Types of Disasters / Hazards

Primarily disasters are triggered by natural hazards or are human-induced, or result from a combination of both. In particular, human-induced factors can greatly aggravate the adverse impacts of a natural disaster. Even at a larger scale, globally, the UN Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has shown that human-induced climate change has significantly increased

MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 4 both the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. While heavy rains, cyclones, or earthquakes are all natural, the impacts may, and are usually, worsened by many factors related to human activity. The extensive industrialization and urbanization increases both the probability of human-induced disasters, and the extent of potential damage to life and property from both natural and human-induced disasters. The human society is also vulnerable to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) disasters.

1.1.4. Natural Hazards

The widely accepted classification system used by the Disaster Information Management System of DesInventar classifies disasters arising from natural hazards into five major categories (DesInventar2016): 1) Geophysical: Geological process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Hydro-meteorological factors are important contributors to some of these processes. Tsunamis are difficult to categorize; although they are triggered by undersea earthquakes, and other geological events, they are essentially an oceanic process that is manifested as a coastal water-related hazard. 2) Hydrological: Events caused by deviations in the normal water cycle and/or overflow of bodies of water caused by wind set-up 3) Meteorological: Events caused by short-lived/small to meso-scale atmospheric processes (in the spectrum from minutes to days) 4) Climatological: Events caused by long-lived meso- to macro-scale processes (in the spectrum from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variability) 5) Biological: Process or phenomenon of organic origin or conveyed by biological vectors, including exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms, toxins and bioactive substances that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. A brief description of these five major categories of the disasters arising from natural factors with the sub-categories is given in Table 2. The below classification is not a rigid one; in real life situations, many disasters are a combination of different types of disasters given below. In addition, secondary disasters may also occur after a disaster has occurred.

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Table 2: Categories of Natural Hazards1

Family Main Event Short Description / Secondary Disaster 1 Geophysical Earthquake / Mass • Landslide following an earthquake; movement of earth • Urban fires triggered by earthquakes; materials • Liquefaction - the transformation of (partially) water-saturated soil from a solid state to a liquid state caused by an earthquake • Mass movement of earth materials, usually down slopes • Surface displacement of earthen materials due to ground shaking triggered by earthquakes Tsunami • A series of waves (with long wavelengths when traveling across the deep ocean) that are generated by a displacement of massive amounts of water through underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides. Tsunami waves travel at very high speed across the ocean but as they begin to reach shallow water, they slow down and the wave grows steeper. 2 Hydrological • Floods • Flood - A general term for the overflow of water • Wave Action / from a stream channel onto normally dry land in the Erosion floodplain (riverine flooding), higher-than normal levels along the coast and in lakes or reservoirs (coastal flooding) as well as ponding of water at or near the point where the rain fell (flash floods) • Flash Flood - Heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time that produce immediate runoff, creating flooding conditions within minutes or a few hours during or after the rainfall • Coastal flood - Higher-than-normal water levels along the coast caused by tidal changes or thunderstorms that result in flooding, which can last from days to weeks • Coastal Erosion - The temporary or permanent loss of sediments or landmass in coastal margins due to the action of waves, winds, tides, or anthropogenic activities • Wave Action: Wind-generated surface waves that can occur on the surface of any open body of water such as oceans, rivers and lakes, etc. The size of the wave depends on the strength of the wind and the travelled distance (fetch).

1 Source: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) – National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), May 2016 MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 6

3 Meteorological Hazard caused by • Cyclone, Storm Surge, Tornado, Convective short-lived, micro- Storm, Extra-tropical Storm, Wind Lightning, to meso- scale Heavy Rain extreme weather and atmospheric conditions that may last for minutes to days. 4 Climatological Unusual, extreme • Extreme hot/cold conditions weather conditions • Subsidence related to long- lived, meso- to macro-scale atmospheric processes ranging from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal (long-term) climate variability 5 Biological Exposure to germs • Epidemics: viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal, or and toxic prion infections substances • Insect infestations

1.1.5. Human-Induced Disasters

The National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM), 2009 notes that rise in population, rapid urbanization and industrialization, development within high-risk zones, environmental degradation, and climate change aggravates the vulnerabilities to various kinds of disasters. Due to inadequate disaster preparedness, communities, and animals are at increased risk from many kinds of human-induced hazards arising from accidents (industrial, road, air, rail, on river or sea, building collapse, fires, mine flooding, oil spills, etc.). Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) hazards rank very high in among the human-induced risks. Terrorist activities and secondary incidents add to these risks and call for adequate preparedness and planning.

1.1.6. Levels of Disasters

The disaster management and its planning at various tiers must take into account the vulnerability of disaster-affected area, and the capacity of the authorities to deal with the situation. Using this

MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 7 approach, the High Power Committee on Disaster Management, in its report of 2001, categorized disaster situations into three 'levels': L1, L2, and L3. (Level - L0: Period of Normalcy, before disaster occurs; utilized for disaster risk reduction.)

Level - L1: The level of disaster that can be managed within the capabilities and resources at the District level. However, the state authorities will remain in readiness to provide assistance if needed. Level - L2: This signifies the disaster situations that require assistance and active mobilization of resources at the state level and deployment of state level agencies for disaster management. The central agencies must remain vigilant for immediate deployment if required by the state. Level - L3: This corresponds to a nearly catastrophic situation or a very large-scale disaster that overwhelms the State and District authorities. The categorization of disaster situations into levels L0 to L3 finds no mention in DM Act 2005. Further, the DM Act does not have any provision for notifying any disaster as a ‘national calamity’ or a ‘national disaster’.

1.2 Regulatory Compliance

A summary of key legislation applicable to the proposed project is given in Table 3 below:

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Table 3: Applicable Legislation for the Project

Act and/or Rules Summary Applicability Compliance criteria The Building and It applies to every Yes. The proposed An employer shall be responsible for providing constant and Other establishment which project shall adequate supervision of any building or other construction work Construction employs, or had employ ten or in his establishment as to ensure compliance with the provisions Workers employed on any day of more workers, as of this Act relating to safety and for taking all practical steps (Regulation of the preceding twelve specified. necessary to prevent accidents and provide for all or any of the Employment and months, ten or more following matters, namely:— Conditions of building workers in any (a) the safe means of access to, and the safety of, any working Service) Act, 1996 building or other place, including the provision of suitable and sufficient and amendments construction work. scaffolding at various stages when work cannot be safely done from the ground or from any part of a building or from a ladder or such other means of support; (b) the precautions to be taken in connection with the demolition of the whole or any substantial part of a building or other structure under the supervision of a competent person and the avoidance of danger from collapse of any building or other structure while removing any part of the framed building or other structure by shoring or otherwise;

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(c) the handling or use of explosive under the control of competent persons so that there is no exposure to the risk of injury from explosion or from flying material; (d) the erection, installation, use and maintenance of transporting equipment, such as locomotives, trucks, wagons and other vehicles and trailers and appointment of competent persons to drive or operate such equipment; (e) the erection, installation, use and maintenance of hoists, lifting appliances and lifting gear including periodical testing and examination and heat treatment, where necessary, precautions to be taken while raising or lowering loads, restrictions on carriage of persons and appointment of competent persons on hoists or other lifting appliances; (f) the adequate and suitable lighting of every workplace and approach thereto, of every place where raising or lowering operations with the use of hoists, lifting appliances or lifting gears are in progress and of all openings dangerous to building workers employed; (g) the precautions to be taken to prevent inhalation of dust, fumes, gases or vapours during any grinding, cleaning, spraying or manipulation of any material and steps to be taken to secure and maintain adequate ventilation of every working place or confined space;

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(h) the measures to be taken during stacking or unstacking, stowing or un-stowing of materials or goods or handling in connection therewith; (i) the safeguarding of machinery including the fencing of every fly-wheel and every moving part of a prime mover and every part of transmission or other machinery, unless it is in such a position or of such construction as to be safe to every worker working on any of the operations and as if it were securely fenced; (j) the safe handling and use of plant, including tools and equipment operated by compressed air; (k) the precautions to be taken in case of fire; (l) the limits of weight to be lifted or moved by workers; (m) the safe transport of workers to or from any workplace by water and provision of means for rescue from drowning; (n) the steps to be taken to prevent danger to workers from live electric wires or apparatus including electrical machinery and tools and from overhead wires; (o) the keeping of safety nets, safety sheets and safety belts where the special nature or the circumstances of work render them necessary for the safety of the workers; (p) the standards to be complied with regard to scaffolding, ladders and stairs, lifting appliances, ropes, chains and

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accessories, earth moving equipment and floating operational equipment; (q) the precautions to be taken with regard to pile driving, concrete work, work with hot asphalt, tar or other similar things, insulation work, demolition operations, excavation, underground construction and handling materials; (r) the safety policy, that is to say, a policy relating to steps to be taken to ensure the safety and health of the building workers, the administrative arrangements therefor and the matters connected therewith, to be framed by the employers and contractors for the operations to be carried on in a building or other construction work; (s) the information to be furnished to the Bureau of Indian Standards established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 (63 of 1986), regarding the use of any article or process covered under that Act in a building or other construction work; (t) the provision and maintenance of medical facilities for building workers; (u) any other matter concerning the safety and health of workers working in any of the operations being carried on in a building or other construction work.

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The rule applies to: Yes. Noise • Sound emitting construction equipment shall not be used or 1) Industrial area, generating operated during night time in residential zone. 2) Commercial area equipment shall be • The ambient air quality standards in respect of noise for 3) Residential area, used in the project. residential areas / zones should be such as specified in the 4) Silence zone (where Project falls in Schedule. Noise Pollution an area comprising not residential as well (Regulation & less than 100 metres as eco-sensitive Control) Rules around hospitals, zones. 2000 educational institutions and Courts may be declared as silence area/zone for the purpose of these rules)

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1.3 Project Specific Disaster Risk Assessment

The relevant points considered in the Initial Environment Examination (IEE) Report, carried out as per ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009, are summarised in the following Table 4. Table 4: Disaster Management Questions as per Initial Environment Examination (IEE) Report

Disaster / Risk questions (The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are Yes No Remarks included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.) Is the project area subject to hazards such X Project area is located in low damage risk as earthquakes, floods, landslides, zone w.r.t seismicity (Zone II). All civil tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, structures have been designed as per tsunami or volcanic eruptions and relevant is codes corresponding to climate changes seismic zones. The study area being predominantly rolling does not have flood problem. Project area is not vulnerable to landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions.

Could changes in temperature, X All provisions as per IRC codes and precipitation, or extreme events patterns international best practices have been over the project lifespan affect technical made in the road design to avoid erosion or financial sustainability (e.g. Increased and damage to sub grade based on erosion or landslides could increase historical climatic data. maintenance costs, permafrost melting or increased soil moisture content could affect sub-grade). Are there any demographic or socio- X Increase in marginalization is not economic aspects of the Project area that envisaged. High rate of urbanization is are already vulnerable (e.g. high witnessed and it has outpaced the incidence of marginalized populations, population growth trend in the state due rural- urban migrants, illegal settlements, to ethnic minorities, women or children)? migration from rural to urban centres Could the Project potentially increase the X Displaced persons will be resettled at climate or disaster vulnerability of the nearby places which are in low surrounding area (e.g., by encouraging earthquake and no flood zone. settlement in areas that will be more affected by floods in the future, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

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1.4 Risk reduction measures

1.4.1. Communication systems

1.4.2. Internal Communication system

Mobile Phones, landlines, etc. could be used as mode of communication in case of any emergency. Alarm systems help in communicating in such a way that timely action can be taken.

1.4.3. External Communication system

Early Warning in case of Disaster is a multi-institutional endeavor. The early warning system is useful to forecast and issue alert when the disaster occurs. Different institutions are responsible for early warnings for natural disasters like landslides, floods, earthquakes, avalanches, etc. IMD is mandated to monitor the tropical cyclones and earthquakes in the country and provide necessary information / warnings to Government officials and general public. Various nodal agencies issuing alerts for different disasters are mentioned in Table 5.

Table 5: Agencies issuing alerts for different disasters

Disasters Agencies Earthquakes IMD, MERI Meteorology Department, Irrigation Department Central Floods Water Commission Cyclones IMD (Indian Meteorological Department) Epidemics Public Health Department Road accidents Police Industrial & Chemical Accidents Industry, Police Fires Fire Brigade, Police Indian National Centre for Oceanic Information Services, Tsunami (INCOIS), Hyderabad Landslides Geological Survey of India

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1.4.4. Safety Awareness Activities

➢ Conducting safety awareness campaigns through banners and posters to get the message transferred among the employees from different backgrounds in construction site. ➢ Provide information in language understood by the employees for communication barrier in term of speaking, writing and reading, as well as poor line of communication among safety officer and employees. ➢ Appropriate signage shall be displayed at strategic location to improve the fire safety awareness of general public, and evacuation procedures to promote response ability to deal with disasters, as shown in Figure 2

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Figure 2: Suggested Road Signage to be used during Construction Phase

➢ Do’s & Don’ts templates at designated location as shown in Figure 3

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Figure 3: Suggested Do's and Don’ts templates to be used during Construction Phase

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1.4.5. Preventive and Mitigation measures

Construction Workers must be aware of the hazards, during construction of any big project, and be able to use an effective safety program. By identifying the hazard and assessing the risks involved, employers and employees can prevent an accident at a construction site. Preventive measures for hazards associated with construction and operation phase design are mentioned in Table 6. Given below are ways to ensure a safe and conducive working environment during construction phase and maintenance of road alignment during its operation phase: ➢ Appoint certified / authorized contactors for construction and maintenance works; ➢ Conduct regular periodical maintenance of safety construction machinery and other equipment, by certified person/s; ➢ Provide Emergency Control Centre (ECC) and First aid; ➢ Provide adequate signs and signage to avoid vehicular accidents; ➢ Locate and identify utilities before starting work each day; ➢ Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for all workers; ➢ Include provisions of two-tier safety, Early-warning systems, Two-to-three tier power back-up system for safety of equipment / provisions; ➢ Regular improvisation of safety systems, following and updating SOPs time to time.

Table 6: Preventive Measures

Sr. No. Hazard Precautions and preventive measures 1. Falls ➢ Ensure compliance with the safe working procedures by providing safety training and supervision for working at height; ➢ Use of safety net system, body harness, fall arrester, etc.; ➢ Providing suitable mats when erecting mobile tubular scaffold on an inclined floor, and securing tubular scaffold with bracings ➢ Providing a suitable and safe working platform. 2. Electrocution ➢ Look for overhead power lines when operating any equipment and maintain a safe distance from the power lines; ➢ Ensure proper “grounding” and use of double insulated tools; ➢ Provide a dry working environment;

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➢ Avoid using ladders with metallic components near electrical work and overhead power lines; ➢ Replace frayed, damaged or worn electrical cords or cables. 3. Fire ➢ The fire-fighting system installed should be checked and maintained from time to time; ➢ Electrical systems are to be maintained and operable, in compliance with fire safety design; ➢ Regular refilling and maintenance of fire extinguishers; ➢ Tagging of date for last preventive maintenance on every emergency equipment. ➢ Proper storage and handling of any potentially hazardous chemicals, gases; 4. Caught ➢ Activate the emergency stop switch and the maintenance switch between before carrying out the maintenance work, object ➢ Put up a warning sign and fence the area 5. Vehicle ➢ Ensuring layout routes make any obstructions clearly visible. accidents Installing mirrors, traffic lights or warning signals to minimize the risk of collisions; ➢ Providing directions, speed limit and priority signs; ➢ Make sure visibility is good, lights are adequate and working, and the markings and signs are clear; ➢ Ensuring potholes, that have potential to de-stabilize loads and vehicles, are promptly filled and that spills are cleaned up quickly; ➢ Vehicle access features such as ladders, steps and walkways, should have the basic safety features; ➢ Make sure that lifting equipment is suitable for the task being undertaken, is marked with its safe working load; ➢ Provide signage to warn pedestrians of hazards;

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6. Struck by ➢ Wear the safety helmet properly; object ➢ Chutes may be used to control the transport of materials and waste from a height to a safe location; ➢ Use secured guy-ropes or supporting frames to fix the precast building unit in position; ➢ Materials are properly stacked and securely tied, no loose materials are put at places where they are liable to fall ➢ The frame of the hoist is securely fenced ➢ Ensure that crane operators hold valid license and site specific SOP ➢ Provide suitable support to prevent vertically placed panels from toppling over by accidents, ➢ Use secured guy ropes or supporting frames to fix the unit in position 7. Exposure to ➢ Wear appropriate PPE such as gloves, boots, goggles, etc. irritants 8. Slips ➢ Use of proper PPE (Wear Safety Shoes); ➢ Maintaining good housekeeping to reduce wet or slippery surfaces at construction sites; ➢ Improving pathway and visibility by maintaining proper lighting; ➢ Organization of tools and equipment in workspaces and walkways to avoid creating obstacles; ➢ Using floor marking, and safety tapes, wherever feasible. 9. Noise ➢ Perform regular checks and maintenance of potential noise sources including equipment, etc.; ➢ Silencer / dampers are attached to the equipment to reduce noise from the equipment. Acoustic enclosure for DG set and Site barricading, wherever feasible; ➢ Heavy construction activity to be limited to day-time hours only; ➢ All noise generating equipment are housed on plinths with rubber base to reduce vibrations.

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10. Epidemics ➢ Identifying the control required and implementation of a vector control programme with the help of municipality; ➢ Educating project personnel about risks, prevention, and available treatment for vector-borne diseases; ➢ Avoid collection of stagnant water and cover stored water.

1.5 On-site Disaster Management Plan

If an accident / incident takes place in the site, its effects are confined to the site premises, involving only the persons within the project site, and is called as On-site Emergency. This plan should include system of warnings, communication protocols within and outside the project site, identification of evacuation routes, access by emergency vehicles to people with disability. The Disaster Management Plan should also include location and number of emergency equipment and materials, regular maintenance of emergency equipment, arrangements. A site map should be included in the plan, designating planned evacuation routes and assembly areas.

1.5.1. Institutional Mechanism

For the effective safety management, implementation of preventive measures, preparedness for emergency response and implementation of disaster management plan, it is required that the project has the adequate institutional mechanism in place. The effective collaboration among all levels along with the clearly defined roles, responsibilities and objectives result in effective safety management at the site. The proposed organizational structure is shown in Figure 4 below and designation of DMP during Construction phase is given in Table 7 below:

Figure 4: Proposed Structure of Institutional Mechanism (Emergency Management Group)

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Table 7: Designations for DMP during Construction Phase

Sr. No. Designation Construction Phase 1. Site Main Controller Project manager 2. Site Incident Controller Site manager 3. Emergency Coordinator EHS Manager

4. Supervisor Site Supervisor, Contractor supervisor

5. First aid team Security guards

6. Search and Reascue Security guards, First-aiders, Fire fighters, (SAR) Team staff & workmen, External IRTs.

7. Engineering Team Electricians , operators

8. All others at site Contractors, Staff, Workers, Visitors,

Drivers, construction workers colony

1.5.2. Key persons and Responsibilities

For effective handling of the emergency, the Construction Contractor shall form an Emergency Management Group, with proposed structure as shown in Figure 4. This will be part of the Emergency Control Centre (ECC) at the construction site. There will be a designated Site Main Controller, Site Incident Controller and various other persons. The key responsibilities of all the personnel that form the part of Emergency Management Group are given in Table 8. Table 8: Key Roles and Responsibilities of Emergency Management Group

Sr. Designation Responsibility No 1. Site Main ➢ Assume the head of ECC and will be person-in-charge of Controller emergency response operations, ➢ Oversee all the functions are performed as planned, ➢ Assessing the magnitude of the situation and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely to develop, requiring external assistance and deals with government officials; ➢ Ensure that the key personnel are called in promptly,

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➢ Maintain a continuous review of possible developments and assess these to determine future course of action. 2. Site ➢ Assumes command and control of the emergency response incident Incident scene, Controller ➢ Co-ordinates the activities of all emergency responders, providing support to mitigate the emergency situation. ➢ Ensure the accounting for personnel and arrange for non-essential workers to be sent to assembly point/s. ➢ Arrange for a chronological record of the emergency to be maintained. ➢ Establishes communication link with the ECC and keep the Site Main Controller informed about the developments at the incident site. 3. Emergency ➢ To assist the Site Incident Controller in removal of unsafe situations Coordinator and act as overseer to monitor that all the activities for emergency management are performed safely and will not escalate the Emergency Response Teamsituation. 1. Emergency ➢ TheOnce Emergency the message coordi is receivednator from will assessthe emergency the situation coordinator, and deploy they Response & suitableshould proceed team members to affected to the location/s location. to evacuate the personnel or evacuation ensure that all the personnel have been evacuated. team ➢ Help evacuate those who cannot move fast or those who are injured to the emergency assembling points. ➢ Then check with the security register head count with the head count 2. First Aid ➢ atIf theevacuation emergency team assembling finds someone point requiring. first aid they will call Team ➢ IfEmergency anybody coordinator.is missing go to the respective area or locations to find ➢ outOnce the the person message and isevacuate. received from the Emergency coordinator, first aid team should proceed to the Emergency situation location. ➢ Check anybody is injured or not. ➢ Provide necessary first aid. Evacuation team will assist the evacuation of these people. ➢ If the injury is major, consult with Emergency coordinator and then take them to hospital for further treatment.

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3. Fire fighting ➢ Once the message is received from the Emergency coordinator, they team should proceed to the Emergency location. Ascertain that there is nobody trapped at the location. ➢ The Fire fighter should evaluate the situation and type of fire. ➢ If it is electrical fire, the power supply should be cut off. ➢ If the fire is in starting stage take the fire extinguisher and put off the fire. Stand in the direction of wind flow and apply the fire extinguisher media at the bottom of fire as trained, with appropriate fire extinguishers which are available at the place. ➢ For larger fire of class A, first aid fire hoses shall be used for extinguishing fire. ➢ If the situation is not under control or worst stage discuss with Emergency coordinator and seek municipal fire brigade help. ➢ After quenching the fire, discuss with Emergency coordinator regarding the disposal of damaged materials.

1.5.3. Emergency Control Centre (ECC) – (Security cabin / Construction Camp Office)

It is necessary that the any emergency is controlled from one specific point so that all the inputs are available at the ECC. ECC should be equipped with following items: • Copy of “DMP” and Technical Manuals on operating, maintenance procedures. • Telephone (Internal and External). • Networked Computer Systems, Note pads, pencil etc. • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Safety helmets, Safety shoes, Safety goggles, Reflective jackets, Full Body Harness. • Control panels & layout drawing for CCTV, Fire Alarm and electrical single line diagram. • First aid box, stretcher, Hand tools (Axe, shovel), Satellite Phone, Manual siren, Ring buoys, Search light / torch, Spare Portable fire extinguishers. • Uninterruptible Power Supplies with Generators

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1.6 Off-site Provisions for Disaster Management

The objective of the off-site disaster management plan is to facilitate effective incident management by improving preparedness of the locality for off-site releases. The plan is collaborative activity of the facility, local emergency response agencies, and external supporting facilities. Off-site Emergency is necessary if the accident inside the facility is uncontrollable and it may spread outside the premises. It is necessary that the actions enlisted in the on-site plan are consistent with the plan of action in this Off-site Emergency Plan. The dovetailing to this effect needs to be ensured in the following areas, among others:

• Communication to the District Authorities/Agencies

• Line of command

The mechanism for dovetailing is presented in Figure 5.

DOVETAILED ONSITE OFFSITE

ANNEXED

DISTRICT STATE NATIONAL DISASTER DISASTER DISASTER PLAN PLAN PLAN

Figure 5: Dovetailing Mechanism

1.6.1. District Disaster Management Cell

The Solapur District Collectorate has set up a Disaster Management Cell as per Clause 25 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The Disaster Management Cell consists around 30 important officials of the district administration and is headed by the District Collector. The District Disaster Management Officer looks after the activities for the awareness of natural disasters among the citizens. A control room is established at the District Collectorate on 24x7 basis. The District Administration / Disaster Management Cell has laid down the following guidelines in case of occurrence of disaster, as shown in Figure 6.

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Figure 6: Disaster Management Flow-chart laid down by Solapur District Administration2

Functions of the District Disaster Management cell are listed below: 1. Issue alert to all concerned agencies. 2. Provide early warning to citizens whenever possible. 3. Deploy first responders through Fire Brigade, Hospitals and Search and Rescue Teams. 4. Arrange for emergency supplies of water and food. 5. Arrange for transfer of stranded & marooned persons.

2 Source: https://solapur.gov.in/en/disaster-management/ : (translated to English from Marathi) MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 27

6. Arrange for emergency transport for the seriously injured. 7. Coordinate for setting up temporary shelters. 8. Coordinate with NGOs.

1.6.2. Emergency Communication

Site Incident Controller will manage the activities for off-site emergency plan under the guidance of Site Main Controller. Emergency coordinator will work in co-ordination with outside available help. The emergency organization and line of command during an emergency is mentioned in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Emergency Organisation and Line of Command in an Emergency

1.6.3. Police

The project alignment passes through 4 beats of the Karmala Police Station of Karmala taluka in Solapur district, viz. Korti Beat, Karmala Town Beat, Pande Beat and Sade Beat, as shown in Figure 8. In case of any emergency or occurrence of disaster, respective Police outposts will report to Karmala Police Station. Further reporting will take place as shown in the Solapur Police Organisational Chart in Figure 9.

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Project Alignment

Figure 8: Jurisdiction Map of Karmala Police Station3

Figure 9: Organisational / reporting order of Karmala Police Station4

3 Source: https://solapurpolice.gov.in/images/PoliceStation/img16.jpg 4 Source: https://solapurpolice.gov.in/OrganisationalStructure# MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd., Pune 29

1.6.4. Other Off-Site Emergency Contacts

Details Contact No. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Help Line: 011-1078 Government of India

NIC Service Desk 1800-111-555

0217-2731000 District Collector, Solapur ([email protected]) 0217-2731020/21/22 Resident Deputy Collector, Solapur ([email protected])

Commissioner, Solapur Municipal Corporation 0217-2740300

Chief Executive Officer, Solapur Zilha Parishad 0217- 2625500

Assistant Director Town Planning 0217-2722522 0217-2722782 District Informatics Officer (NIC), Solapur ([email protected])

District Information Officer, Solapur 0217-2731040 02172731007 District Rehabilitation Officer, Solapur ([email protected]) 02172731005 District Planning Officer, Solapur ([email protected]) 02172731004 District Supply Officer, Solapur ([email protected])

District Health Officer, Solapur 0217-2226578 0217-2731008 Food-grain Distribution Officer, Solapur ([email protected]) 02182220357 Tahsildar, Karmala ([email protected]) 0217-2744601 Commissioner of Police, Solapur ([email protected]) Superintendent of Police, Solapur 0217-2732000/01

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Details Contact No. 02182-221102, 8390492475 Sub-divisional Police, Karmala Police Station ([email protected]) Solapur Rural Police Control Room 022-27452333 Karmala Police Station 02182-220333 Chief Fire Officer, Solapur Municipal Corporation 101, 0217-2735253 Civil Surgeon Govt Medical Hospital, Solapur 0217-2732000 Sub-district Hospital, Karmala 02182-220282 Ambulance services Sai Ambulance Service, Solapur 0217 2627036, 9922333599, 98509569095 Regional RTO Officer, Solapur 0217-2303099 Executive Engineer, Minor Irrigation Division No. 0217-2732858 1, Solapur ([email protected]) Superintendent Engineer PWD, Solapur 0217-2601013 General Manager - Solapur SSA (BSNL) 0217-2325566 Superintendent Engineer Mahavitaran, Solapur 02172624161 Divisional Controller MSRTC 02172733330 Regional Office Solapur, MPCB (SRO – Solapur) 0217-2319850 Helpline Numbers (Solapur District) Citizen’s Call center 155300 Child Helpline 1098 Women Helpline 1091 Rescue & Relief 1070 Ambulance 102, 108 Road Accident 1073 All in one Emergency Number 112 Earth Quake Help Line Service 1092

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1.7 Project Specific Disaster Management Plan

Proposed Disaster Management Plan for the project is summarised below in Table 9. Table 9: Disaster Management Plan

Sr. Likely Perceived Risks Suggested Risk Mitigation Measures No. Occurrence 1.0 User-related Risks 1.1 Accidents Weekly Install cameras along the alignment, wherever possible, especially in urban (populated) areas; Identify methods to enable emergency services to access accident sites quickly; Install emergency communication methods for traffic to organize and evacuate themselves; Install quick evacuation methods for vehicles; Install dedicated emergency communication system at every 500 meters. 1.2 Congestion, Daily Install fixed sign systems; Breakdown, Install cameras at every 500 to 1000 meters; Stoppage, Lane Install incident reporting systems with ability to Changing and / or recognize stoppage in traffic flow, reverse traffic Drunk / Rash flow, etc.; Driving and Over Install emergency communication methods for Speeding traffic to organize and evacuate themselves; Install quick evacuation methods for vehicles; Install pedestrian exit routes in urban areas; Install dedicated emergency communication systems at every 100 meters. 1.3 Fire Once a Install cameras with ability to recognize fire hazards Year every 1000 m; Install Fixed Fire Fighting (FFF) equipment wherever required, especially in areas of habitation; Identify methods to enable emergency services to access fire accident sites quickly; Install emergency communication methods for traffic to organize and evacuate themselves; Identify quick evacuation methods for vehicles, as well as those for pedestrians; Install dedicated emergency communication system at every 100 meters.

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2.0 Environmental Install emergency communication methods for 2.1 Earthquake Once in 20 traffic to organize and evacuate themselves; Years Install quick evacuation methods for vehicles; Install dedicated emergency communication systems at every 100 meters.

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