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PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/30926 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-24 and may be subject to change. The binational city Eurode The binational city Eurode Thesocial legitimacy of a border-crossing town Een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Managementwetenschappen Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van Rector Magnificus, prof. mr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 november 2007 om 13.30 uur precies door Gertrude Andrea Nicole Ehlers geboren op 3 november 1970 te Heerlen Promotor: Prof. dr. H. Ernste Copromotores: Dr. B.M.R. van der Velde Dr. H.J. van Houtum Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. F.W.M. Boekema Prof. dr. H.W. Breuer (RWTH Aachen) Prof. dr. A. Knotter (Universiteit Maastricht) Language editor: Michelle Mellion Cover design: Shaker Verlag Cover photograph: D’r Waechter, Nieuwstraat/Neustraße, Jo Ramakers (1991) Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Zugl.: Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Diss., 2007 Copyright Shaker Verlag GmbH, Aachen. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Printed in Germany ISBN: 978-3-8322-6612-7 ISSN: 0945-0777 To my parents Table of Contents PREFACE .........................................................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 11 PROLOGUE .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 A BRIEF OUTLINE ........................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT .............................................................................................................................. 14 1.3 EURODE .......................................................................................................................................................... 16 1.4 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................... 18 1.5 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 18 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE DISSERTATION ................................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 2 THE BINATIONAL CITY................................................................................................................ 23 2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2 NEIGHBOURING BORDER TOWNS ................................................................................................................... 23 2.3 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ............................................................................................................................... 27 2.4 POLITICAL -ADMINISTRATIVE INTEGRATION ................................................................................................... 34 2.5 CULTURAL INTEGRATION ............................................................................................................................... 44 2.6 THE BINATIONAL CITY ................................................................................................................................... 51 2.7 THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................... 54 2.8 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................. 56 CHAPTER 3 MAPPING EURODE......................................................................................................................... 59 3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 59 3.2 THE MANIFESTATION OF THE BORDER ........................................................................................................... 59 3.3 POPULATION DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................................... 66 3.4 REGIONAL ALLIANCES ................................................................................................................................... 72 3.5 CROSS -BORDER COOPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 75 3.6 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................. 78 CHAPTER 4 THE EUROPEAN MUNICIPALITY EURODE ............................................................................ 79 4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 79 4.2 THE INSTITUTIONAL SHAPING ........................................................................................................................ 79 4.3 DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY ............................................................................................................................ 82 4.4 RAISING THE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF EURODE ............................................................................................... 88 4.5 THE CASE EURODE 2000+.............................................................................................................................. 92 4.6 THE LABORATORY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ................................................................................................ 95 4.7 PATCHWORK OF REGIONS ............................................................................................................................. 104 4.8 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................ 106 CHAPTER 5 THE ECONOMIC SHAPING ........................................................................................................ 109 5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 109 5.2 THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF EURODE .....................................................................................................109 5.3 COMPLEMENTARITIES .................................................................................................................................. 115 5.4 THE CASE EURODE BUSINESS CENTER ......................................................................................................... 118 5.5 THE ACCESSIBILITY OF EURODE .................................................................................................................. 123 5.6 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................ 126 CHAPTER 6 THE CULTURAL REGION EURODE......................................................................................... 129 6.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 129 6.2 THE CRADLE OF EURODE ............................................................................................................................. 130 6.3 COAL MINING ............................................................................................................................................... 133 6.4 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH .............................................................................................................................. 136 6.5 THE BURGUNDIAN WAY OF LIFE .................................................................................................................. 139 6.6 PROTESTS AGAINST THE STATE .................................................................................................................... 144 6.7 LANGUAGE SKILLS ....................................................................................................................................... 152 6.8 THE CASE EUROBABEL ................................................................................................................................