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National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form

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National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form NPS Form 10-900-b(Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) United States Department of the Interior NPS Approved National Park Service 7-5-2011 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items x New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Roadside Kansas B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) The Influence of the Automobile on Commercial Development in Kansas, 1900 – 1970 The Architecture of Roadside Commerce in Kansas, 1900 – 1970 C. Form Prepared by name/title Elizabeth Rosin (Principal) and Dale Nimz (Historian) organization Rosin Preservation, LLC date May 2011 street & number 215 West 18 th Street telephone 816-472-4950 city or town Kansas City state MO zip code 64108 e-mail D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR 60 and the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. (_________ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) SEE FILE Signature and title of certifying official Date State or Federal Agency or Tribal government I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. Signature of the Keeper Date of Action NPS Form 10-900-b (Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) Roadside Kansas Kansas Name of Multiple Property Listing State Table of Contents for Written Narrative Provide the following information on continuation sheets. Cite the letter and title before each section of the narrative. Assign page numbers according to the instructions for continuation sheets in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Fill in page numbers for each section in the space below. Page Numbers E. Statement of Historic Contexts (if more than one historic context is documented, present them in sequential order.) The Influence of the Automobile on Commercial Development in Kansas, 1900 – 1970 1 The National Movement for Improved Roads Improved Roads and the Rise of Automobile Commerce in Kansas The Architecture of Roadside Commerce 17 F. Associated Property Types (Provide description, significance, and registration requirements.) Historic District 48 Single-Property District Multi-Property District Gas/Service Station 51 Curbside Gas/Service Station Domestic Style (House) Gas Station Oblong Box Station Post World War II Gas Station Auto Showroom and Dealership 58 Downtown Dealership Streamline/Moderne Dealership Post World War II Dealership Eating Establishment 62 Roadside Stand Diner Drive-In Restaurant Family Restaurant & Highway Café Fast Food Restaurant Lodging 69 Auto Camp Cabin Court/Cottage Court Motor Court/Motel Motor Inn 74 Bus Station 75 Other Commercial Building 76 Drive-In Theater 77 Roadside Attraction 78 Roadside Signage G. Geographical Data State of Kansas H. Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods 81 (Discuss the methods used in developing the multiple property listing.) I. Major Bibliographical References 83 (List major written works and primary location of additional documentation: State Historic Preservation Office, other State agency, Federal agency, local government, university, or other, specifying repository.) Figures 1 - 45 87 Appendix A: Properties Surveyed in 2008 Kansas Roadside Survey 111 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement : Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, PO Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Number E Page 1 Roadside Kansas THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROADSIDE ARCHITECTURE IN KANSAS, 1900-1970 Roadside businesses provide services or products to customers traveling in automobiles. Gas, food, and lodging are the most common of these ventures. Other businesses offer travelers diversions or products, including automobiles themselves. The buildings that house these businesses reflect a distinct series of property types that evolved during the twentieth century in response to economic conditions and changing technology. 1 As the number of major roads criss-crossing the nation grew and as more Americans joined the legions of travelers on those roads, the number and variety of available services increased exponentially. Along transportation corridors commercial centers expanded or appeared where before there was none. While business chains and large corporations sought to homogenize commercial centers along highways, some towns worked equally hard to keep their unique identities through heritage tourism. All vying for business, these many ventures embraced different strategies for attracting the consumer. Some embraced a design that was entirely unique to appeal to travelers, while others adopted a familiar name, sign, or building form to catch the eye of passing motorists. Motel, gas station, and restaurant chains and corporations, in particular, utilized standardized design and advertising to promote their businesses, taking advantage of their established reputations for consistency and quality service as well as motorists’ capacity for visual association. While some regional differences did occur, the trend in the twentieth century was toward a generic, national style. Automobile-related businesses first appeared shortly after 1900 when the vehicles became available in the United States. As early as 1906, popular magazines described the automobile as a necessity rather than a luxury for its owners. By increasing individual mobility, motor vehicles transformed American society. Cars gave their owners the freedom to “choose exactly when and where to go and what to see, confined only by the location and condition of the roads." 2 Henry Ford’s introduction of the mass-produced Model T in 1913 signaled the transformation of the automobile from a rich person’s toy into a dominant form of transportation that would shape American society. With a price tag of $825, the Model T was a vehicle built for "Everyman." 3 1 Chester H. Liebs, Main Street to Miracle Mile: American Roadside Architecture (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company, 1985), viii. 2 Ibid, 3. 3 James J. Flink, America Adopts the Automobile, 1895-1910 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1970), 50. Ford Motor Company, “The Model T Put the World on Wheels,” http://www.ford.com/about-ford/heritage/vehicles/modelt/672- model-t, (accessed on-line 25 September 2008). Ford first introduced the Model T in 1908, although it remained financially inaccessible to the majority of Americans until mass-production lowered prices. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Number E Page 2 Roadside Kansas The automobile infected American culture with meteoric speed. In 1900, there were only 8,000 automobiles in the United States. Ten years later, the nation boasted 468,000 motor vehicles. In 1920 more than 8 million autos were registered in the country, and in 1930 Americans owned 23 million automobiles. Savvy politicians courted this surging sector of the population. Elected officials, at the national and state levels, funded the expansion and improvement of the nation's basic system of two-lane roads. By 1930, a network of numbered interstate routes was identified, if not yet fully improved. 4 Better roads enhanced economic opportunities and stimulated the growth of tourism, which in turn encouraged the construction of new types of architecture in dense concentrations along well-traveled roads throughout the nation. The inherent mobility afforded by automobiles stimulated the spread of commerce from traditional main street business centers to the contemporary "miracle mile," a dense linear commercial
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