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55 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 56 57 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 58 59 60 journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb 61 62 63 Original article 64 65 1 Taxonomic review of the superfamily Pyraloidea in Bhutan 66 2 67 3 (Lepidoptera) 68 4 69 a,b,* c d 5 Q18 Jatishwor Singh Irungbam , Meenakshi Singh Chib , Karma Wangdi 70 6 a 71 7 Biology Center, CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic b University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic 72 8 c Department of Science, Mendrelgang Central School, Tsirang District, Bhutan 73 9 d Ugyen Wangchuk Institute for Conservation of Environment, Bumthang, Bhutan 74 10 75 11 76 12 article info abstract 77 13 78 14 Article history: The result of an investigation of the lepidopteran fauna of Central and Southern Bhutan (Bumthang, 79 Received 28 March 2016 15 Dagana, Trongsa, Tsirang, and Sarpang districts) is presented in this study. The investigation was the part 80 16 Received in revised form of the Invertebrate Documentation Project of Bhutan initiated by the National Biodiversity Center, 18 May 2016 81 Thimphu, funded by the Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation, Thimphu. The checklist was 17 Accepted 6 June 2016 82 based on the systematic collections by light trapping at nine locations and the occasional collections from 18 Available online xxx fi 83 19 native forest and gardens within the ve districts of Central and Southern Bhutan. The specimens were photographed and collected as specimens for future identification and reference. A list of 182 species 84 20 Keywords: belonging to families Crambidae and Pyralidae is presented, including 92 species as new records for the 85 21 Crambidae country. All the studied specimens are deposited at “Invertebrate Referral Collection Center” at the 86 22 investigation light trapping National Biodiversity Center, Thimphu. 87 23 new records Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). 88 24 Pyralidae Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// 89 25 warm broadleaf forest creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 90 26 91 27 92 28 Introduction have reported the presence of 558 species of Pyraloidea from Nepal 93 29 through the specimens from the collection of the Natural History 94 30 Bhutan is a landlocked country placed between India and Tibet Museum, London and the late Mr T. Haruta and Mr S. Sakurai. Kirti 95 31 (China) on the southern slopes of the Himalayan range. The country and Sodhi (2001) reported the presence of 102 species of Pyr- 96 32 lies on the border between Oriental and Palaearctic regions and austinae in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (India) and Bhattacharya 97 33 hence is considered very rich in terms of lepidopteran diversity. The (1997) reported 72 species from West Bengal (India) which gives us 98 34 altitudes range from 200 m in the southern foothills to more than the rich diversity of this family in the area. However, no information 99 35 7000 m in the northern part of country. The lowland parts are on Pyraloidea fauna is known from Bhutan. Thus, to fill up this gap 100 36 inhabited by typical Oriental species, whereas Palaearctic species in knowledge of the fauna, here we present the first checklist on 101 37 are known to be from high altitudes. The area has rich flora and Pyraloidea of Bhutan. The present checklist is based on the study 102 38 fauna, especially varieties of insects. But there is a lack of infor- conducted by the authors in Central and Southern parts of Bhutan 103 39 Q1 mation on the Lepidoptera fauna of Bhutan. Few works on the in the last 2 years (2013e2015). 104 40 moths of Bhutan have been found at “The Fauna of British India” 105 41 series (Hampson 1892e1896) but the information is insufficient. Sir 106 42 Materials and methods George Hampson (1899) reported 75 species of Pyraloidea, which 107 43 108 are the only available records on Pyraloidea of Bhutan. In neigh- During our collection of specimens in Bhutan during 2013e 44 109 boring countries, a significant amount of work on moths has been 2015, we were able to make a rich collection of Pyraloidea moths. 45 110 conducted. Robinson et al (1995) and Yamanaka (1995, 1998, 2000) Field collection of the specimens was carried out using mercury 46 111 vapor light traps (Figure 2B) and fluorescent bulbs on a white cloth Q2 47 112 sheet hanging (Figure 2A) at a number of sites. The moth trapping 48 113 sites with Global Positioning System coordinates from the five 49 * Corresponding author. 114 districts of Bhutan (Bumthang, Trongsa, Tsirang, Dagana, and Sar- 50 E-mail address: [email protected] (J.S. Irungbam). 115 pang) are provided in the map (Figure 1, Table 1). Identifications 51 Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and 116 Korea National Arboretum (KNA). were made by comparison with available literature (Hampson 52 117 53 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.06.004 118 54 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. 119 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Please cite this article in press as: Irungbam JS, et al., Taxonomic review of the superfamily Pyraloidea in Bhutan (Lepidoptera), Journal of Asia- Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.06.004 JAPB164_proof ■ 6 July 2016 ■ 2/28

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 Figure 1. Map showing the districts in Bhutan where the light trapping of moths were set up during October 2013 to October 2015. N ¼ north. 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 112 48 113 49 114 50 115 51 116 52 Figure 2. Light traps used during the study. A, Plain cloth sheet trap with fluorescent lamp; B, mercury vapour lamp light trap. 117 53 118 54 119 55 1896a; Inoue 1996, 1997; Kendrick 2002; Robinson et al 1994; Taxonomic accounts 120 56 Yamanaka 1995, 1998, 2000). The list order and taxonomic 121 57 Q3 nomenclature are based upon Solis (2007) and Nuss et al (2016). Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758 122 58 For all identified species, the general specific information, Family Crambidae Latreille, 1810 123 59 including references for the original descriptions, material exam- Subfamily Acentropinae Stephens, 1836 124 60 ined, and the local and global distributions of the species are given. 125 61 Images for adults with their labels are provided (Figures 3e14). The Eoophyla peribocalis (Walker, 1859b)*(Figure 3A) 126 62 new records of the species for Bhutan are marked with an asterisk (*) Cataclysta peribrocalis Walker, 1859b:446 127 63 in the systematic list. Specimens of each of the species referred in 128 \ 64 this paper were deposited at the Invertebrate Referral Collection Material examined. Bhutan, 1 , Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 129 \ 65 Centre (IRCC), National Biodiversity Centre (NBC), Thimphu, Bhutan. (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2 , Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 (J.S. 130

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1 Paraponyx fluctuosalis (Zeller, 1852)*(Figure 3E) 66 2 Table 1. Geographic coordinates of collection localities in Bhutan. Nymphula fluctuosalis Zeller, 1852:27 67 3 68 4 Sr. No. Locality Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 69 5 1 Mendrelgang 265700.5700N9006051.7800E (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 70 0 00 0 00 6 2 Damphu 27 00 24.818 N9007 26.596 E (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irung- 71 3 Dagana 2701056.2300N8953016.54900E 7 bam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. 72 4 Dagapela 2656027.83900N8955022.75400E 0 00 0 00 \ 8 5 Sarpang 26 53 51.159 N9012 44.098 E Chib); 3 , Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. 73 9 6 Gelephu 2655041.36900N9030022.08200E Chib); 2\, Bumthang, 12 x 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu 74 10 7 Trongsa 2727021.05900N9029022.75600E (Bhutan). 75 0 00 0 00 11 8 Langthel 27 21 05.40 N9034 17.61 E Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Bum- 76 9 Bumthang 2732044.600N9043030.500E 12 thang, Sarpang, Gelephu), Nepal, China, Japan, Thailand, W. 77 13 Q16 Sr. ¼ XXX. Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Brunei, Sabah, 78 14 Swarak, Labuan, Philippines, Australia (Chen et al 2006c; Kendrick 79 15 2002; Robinson et al 1994, 1995; Wang et al 1981; Yamanaka 2000). 80 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 16 Remarks. It is a new record from Bhutan and recorded from all 81 M.S. Chib); 3\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 iii 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and 17 the study areas. Oryza stativa L., and Nymphaea spp. are the few 82 M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 18 known host plants of this species (Chen et al 2006c). 83 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Sarpang, Gelephu), 19 84 Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, China, Vietnam, Yemen (Li et al 2003; 20 Paraponyx stagnalis (Zeller, 1852)*(Figure 3F) 85 Yamanaka 1998). 21 Nymphula stagnalis Zeller, 1852:26 86 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 22 87 23 Material examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 88 Eoophyla sejunctalis (Snellen, 1876)*(Figure 3B) 24 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 (J.S. 89 Oligostigma sejunctalis Snellen, 1876: 196 (key), 207, pl. 9, fig. 11a-c 25 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 90 26 M.S. Chib); 3\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 91 Material examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 27 M.S. Chib); 2\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)- 92 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 (J.S. 28 coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 93 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 29 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 94 M.S. Chib); 1_, Dagana, 21 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, 30 Gelephu), Nepal, India, Myanmar, Thailand, W. Malaysia, Singapore, 95 Bumthang, 10 iv 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 31 Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sabah, Swarak, Philippines (Chen et al 2006c; 96 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 32 Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1994; Yamanaka 2000). 97 Bumthang), India, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand (Hampson 1896a; Li 33 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 98 et al 2003). 34 Oryza stativa L., Panicum sp., Eragrostis sp., and Paspalum sp. are the 99 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 35 few known host plants of this species (Chen et al 2006c). 100 36 101 Eristena auropunctalis (Hampson, 1903) 37 Strepsinoma croesusalis Walker, 1859b*(Figure 3G) 102 Oligostigma auropunctalis Hampson, 1903:210 38 Cataclysta croesusalis Walker, 1859b:449 103 39 104 Material examined. No specimen found during study. 40 Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 105 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 41 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 (J.S. 106 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. This genus 42 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 107 is indicative of unpolluted streams (Kendrick 2002). 43 M.S. Chib); 1_, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, 108 44 Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. 109 Eristena bifurcalis (Pryer, 1877)*(Figure 3C) 45 IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 110 Cataclysta bifurcalis Pryer, 1877: 232, pl. 4, fig. 4. 46 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 111 47 Gelephu), India, China, Hong Kong, Andaman Island, Thailand, West 112 Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 (J.S. 48 Malaysia, Sabah, Swarak, Kalimantan, Australia (Caradja and 113 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 21 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 49 Meyrick 1933; Kendrick 2002; Robinson et al 1994). 114 M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 50 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 115 Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Dagana), China, Hong Kong 51 116 (Chen et al 2006b; Kendrick 2002). 52 Subfamily Crambinae Latreille, 1810 117 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 53 118 Calamotropha latellus (Snellen, 1890)*(Figure 3H) 54 119 Hyaloplaga pulchralis (Moore, 1867)*(Figure 3D) Crambus latellus Snellen, 1890:644 55 120 Hydrocampa pulchralis Moore, 1867:90 56 121 Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 57 122 Material examined. Bhutan 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 (J.S. 58 123 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagapela (Dagana),18 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam); 1_, Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 59 124 Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. and M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 60 125 IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 61 126 Distribution. Bhutan (Dagana, Dagapela, Gelephu), Nepal, India Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Sarpang, Gelephu), 62 127 (North East) (Yamanaka 1998). India, Myanmar (Savela 2016). 63 128 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 64 129 65 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 Figure 3. Adults of family Crambidae (Acentropinae, Crambinae). A, Eoophyla peribocalis Walker, 1859; B, Eoophyla sejunctalis Snellen, 1876;C,Eristena bifurcalis (Pryer, 1877); D, 47 Hyaloplaga pulchralis (Moore, 1867); E, Paraponyx fluctuosalis Zeller, 1852;F,Paraponyx stagnalis Zeller, 1852;G,Strepsinoma croesusalis Walker, 1859; H, Calamotropha latella Snellen, 112 48 1890. 113 49 114 50 115 51 Calamotropha argenticilia (Hampson, 1895c) Material examined. Not available. 116 52 Crambus argenticilia Hampson, 1896c: 937 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan 117 53 (Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1994). 118 54 Material examined. Not available. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 119 55 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka (Hampson 1896a; Savela 120 56 2016). Subfamily Cybalomiinae Marion, 1955 121 57 Trichophysetis gracilentalis (Swinhoe, 1890) 122 58 Glaucocharis minutalis (Hampson, 1893) fi 123 fi Callinaias gracilentalis Swinhoe, 1890: 287, pl. 8, g. 6 59 Ditomoptera minutalis Hampson, 1893: 179, pl. 174, g. 31. 124 60 Material examined. Not available. 125 Material examined. Not available. 61 Distribution. Bhutan, Myanmar (Hampson 1896a). 126 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka (Hampson 1896a). 62 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 127 63 128 Gargela renatusalis (Walker, 1859b) 64 Subfamily Musotiminae Meyrick, 1884 129 65 Zebronia renatusalis Walker, 1859b:484 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 Figure 4. Adults of family Crambidae (Musotiminae, Odontiinae, Pyraustinae). A, Utthinia albisignalis Hampson, 1896a;B,Heortia vitessoides (Moore 1885); C, Crocidophora fasciata 47 (Moore, 1888); D, Diathrausta profundalis Lederer, 1863;E,Epiparbattia gloriosalis whalleyi Munroe and Mutuura, 1971;F,Erpis macularis Walker 1863;G,Hyalobathra miniosalis, 112 48 Guenée, 1854;H,Pachynoa sabelialis (Guenée, 1854). 113 49 114 50 115 51 116 52 Uthinia albisignalis (Hampson, 1896a)*(Figure 4A) Neurophyseta irrectalis (Guenée, 1854) 117 53 Orphanophanes albisignalis Hampson, 1896a:231 Cymoriza irrectalis Guenée, 1854: 272, pl. 9, fig. 4. 118 54 119 55 Material examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 Material examined. Not available. 120 56 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India, Taiwan (Hampson 1896a). 121 57 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 122 58 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 123 59 M.S. Chib); 1_, Sarpang, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); Drosophantis caeruleata (Hampson, 1893) 124 60 1_, Langthel (Trongsa), 12 ix 2013 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu Ambia caeruleata Hampson, 1893:1e182, pls. 157e176. 125 61 (Bhutan). 126 62 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Trongsa, Material examined. Not available. 127 63 Sarpang, Gelephu), Nepal, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, West Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Sum- 128 64 Malaysia, Java, Sabah, Philippines (Yamanaka 1998). bawa, Australia (Robinson et al 1994). 129 65 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 130

Please cite this article in press as: Irungbam JS, et al., Taxonomic review of the superfamily Pyraloidea in Bhutan (Lepidoptera), Journal of Asia- Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.06.004 JAPB164_proof ■ 6 July 2016 ■ 6/28

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 Figure 5. Adults of family Crambidae (Pyraustinae, Spilomelinae). A, Pagyda salvalis Walker, 1859; B, Glyphodes bivitralis Guenée, 1854;C,Glyphodes canthusalis Walker, 1859; D, 47 Glyphodes crithealis (Walker, 1859); E, Glyphodes harutai Yamanaka, 1998;F,Glyphodes onychinalis (Guenée, 1854); G, Glyphodes stolalis Guenée, 1854;H, Patania caletoralis (Walker, 112 48 1859). 113 49 114 50 115 51 116 _ 52 Subfamily Odontiinae Guenée, 1854 Material examined. Bhutan 3 , Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 iv 117 _ 53 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2 , Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 118 Autocharis fessalis (Swinhoe, 1886) \ 54 fi 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1 , Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. 119 Glyphodes fessalis Swinhoe, 1886: 459, pl. 41, g. 13 \ 55 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1 , Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 120 M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 56 Material examined. Bhutan 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 121 M.S. Chib); 1_, Trongsa, 23 viii 2014 (K. Wangdi); 2\, Bumthang, 20 57 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 122 vi 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 58 Distribution. Bhutan (Gelephu), India, Pakistan, Democratic Re- 123 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 59 public of Congo, the Seychelles, South Africa, the United Arab 124 Gelephu, Trongsa, Bumthang), North East India, Sri Lanka, 60 Emirates, Yemen (Hampson 1896a). 125 Myanmar, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, West Malaysia, Sumatra, 61 Remarks. Usually attracted to light. 126 62 Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; 127 Hampson 1896a; Kendrick 2002; Nakao 2015; Robinson et al 1994). 63 Heortia vitessoides (Moore 1885)*(Figure 4B) 128 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 64 Tyspana vitessoides Moore (1885): 256, pl. 178, fig. 3a 129 65 Common in woodland and shrubland, sometimes abundant; 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 Figure 6. Adults of family Crambidae (Spilomelinae). A, Aethaloessa calidalis (Guenée, 1854); B, Agathodes ostentalis (Geyer, 1837); C, Agrioglypta zelimalis (Walker, 1859); D, Agrotera 112 basinotata Hampson, 1891;E,Arthroschista hilaralis (Walker, 1859); F, Botyodes asialis Guenée, 1854;G,Botyodes caldusalis Walker, 1859; H, Botyodes crocopteralis Hampson, 1899. 48 113 49 114 50 115 51 multivoltine, recorded throughout the year, with peaks in February, Material examined. Not available. 116 52 June, July, August, October, November, and December (Kendrick Distribution. Bhutan, India, West Malaysia, Sumatra, Sabah, 117 53 2002). Sarawak, Philippines (Robinson et al 1994). 118 54 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 119 55 Hyalinarcha hyalinalis (Hampson, 1896a) 120 56 Boeotarcha hyalinalis Hampson, 1896a:419 Circobotys limbata Moore, 1888 121 57 Circobotys limbata Moore, 1888: 220, pl. 7, fig. 24. 122 58 Material examined. Not available. 123 59 Distribution. Bhutan, the Andaman Islands (Hampson 1896a). Material examined. Not available. 124 60 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 125 61 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 126 62 Subfamily Pyraustinae Meyrick, 1890 127 63 Crocidophora fasciata (Moore, 1888)*(Figure 4C) 128 Circobotys occultilinea (Walker, 1863) 64 Hapalia fasciata Moore, 1888: 223, pl. 7, fig. 20. 129 Crambus occultilinea Walker, 1863:168 65 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 Figure 7. Adults of family Crambidae (Spilomelinae). A, Uncobotyodes patulalis Walker, 1866a;B,Endocrosis flavibasalis Moore, 1867;C,Bradina diagonalis Guenée, 1852; D, Cir- 112 48 rhochrista brizoalis (Walker, 1859); E, Cirrhochrista fumipalpis Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875;F,Cirrhochrista fuscusa Chen, Song and Wu 2006; G, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenée, 113 1854;H,Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée, 1854. 49 114 50 115 51 116 \ 52 Material examined. Bhutan 2 , Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 (J.S. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 117 \ 53 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1 , Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 118 \ \ 54 M.S. Chib); 1 , Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 3 , Crypsiptya coclesalis (Walker 1859c) 119 e 55 Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 iii 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. Botys coclesalis Walker, 1859c:701 702 120 56 IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 121 57 Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, Gelephu), In- Material examined. Not available. 122 58 dia, Nepal (Hampson 1896a; Yamanaka 1995). Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, India, Myanmar, West Malaysia, 123 fi 59 Remarks. This species is reported for the rst time from Bhutan. Singapore, Hong Kong, Java, Sarawak, Japan, Philippines, Australia. 124 60 (Liu and Shen 1992; Robinson et al 1994; Robinson et al 1995; 125 61 Crocidophora lutusalis Snellen, 1890 Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). 126 62 Crocidophora lutusalis Snellen, 1890:597 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 127 63 128 64 Material examined. Not available. Daulia afralis Walker, 1859d 129 e 65 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Canara Island (Hampson 1896a). Daulia afralis Walker, 1859d:975 976 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 Figure 8. Adults of family Crambidae (Spilomelinae). A, Cotachena nepalensis Yamanaka, 2000;B,Cotachena pubescens (Warren, 1892); C, Cydalima conchylalis (Guenée, 1854); D, 112 Diaphnia indica Saunders, 1851;E,Dichocrocis definita (Butler, 1889); F, Dichocrocis zebralis (Moore, 1867); G, Dichocrosis rigidalis (Snellen, 1890); H, Orthospila orissusalis (Walker, 48 1859). 113 49 114 50 115 51 116 Material examined. Bhutan 1_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 12 iv 2015 Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 iii 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. 52 117 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 53 118 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), South India, Myanmar, Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 54 119 China, Borneo, Hong Kong, Kalimantan (Hampson 1896a; Wang Gelephu), Nepal, India, Sumbawa, Hong Kong (Hampson 1896a; 55 120 et al 1981; Kendrick 2002). Robinson et al 1995; Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). 56 121 Remarks. Occasionally found the specimen during the study. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 57 122 58 123 Diathrausta profundalis Lederer, 1863*(Figure 4D) Epiparbattia gloriosalis whalleyi Munroe and Mutuura, 1971* 59 124 Diathrausta profundalis Lederer, 1863: 438, pl. 2, fig. 24, pl. 17, fig. 7. (Figure 4E) 60 125 Epiparbattia gloriosalis whalleyi Munroe and Mutuura, 1971:506, 61 126 Material examined. Bhutan 1_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 12 iv 2015 figs. 3, 4, 6, 8. 62 127 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 (J.S. 63 128 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 64 129 M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 65 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 Figure 9. Adults of family Crambidae (Spilomelinae). A, Filodes fulvidorsalis Hübner, 1832;B,Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius, 1775); C, Nacoleia chrysorycta (Meyrick, 1884); D, 112 Nacoleia commixta (Butler, 1879); E, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787); F, Nausinoe pueritia (Cramer, [1780]); G, Nausinoe geometralis (Guenée, 1854); H, Nevrina procopia (Stoll, 1781). 48 113 49 114 50 115 51 and M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Remarks. The identity of the specimen is doubtful. Temporarily 116 52 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). the specimen is identified as E. macularis and it is reported for the 117 53 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Sarpang, Gelephu), India, first time from Bhutan. 118 54 China, Nepal (Yamanaka 2000). 119 55 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Hyalobathra miniosalis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 4G) 120 56 Ebulea miniosalis, Guenée, 1854: 362 121 57 Erpis macularis Walker, 1863*(Figure 4F) 122 58 Erpis macularis Walker, 1863:133 Material examined. Bhutan 2_,2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 123 59 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 15 124 60 Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 viii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu 125 61 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). (Bhutan). 126 62 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), Borneo, W. Malaysia, Java, Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu), India, Indonesia 127 63 Brunei, Sabah, Sawarak (Robinson et al 1994). (Java), Australia (Kendrick 2002; Robinson et al 1994). 128 64 129 65 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 Figure 10. Adults of family Crambidae (Spilomelinae). A, Nosophora semitritalis (Lederer, 1863); B, Omiodes noctescens (Moore, 1888); C, Omphisa anastomosalis (Guenée, 1854); D, 112 Orphnophanes eucerusalis (Walker, 1859); E, Palpita annulifer (Inoue, 1996); F, Palpita asiaticalis Inoue, 1994;G,Palpita warrenalis (Swinhoe, 1894a); H, Parotis marginata, Hampson, 48 1893. 113 49 114 50 115 51 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. 116 52 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 117 53 Neadeloides glaucoptera (Hampson, 1896a) Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana), India, 118 54 Adeloides glaucoptera Hampson, 1896a: 395 Nepal, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Borneo, Taiwan, Japan 119 55 (Kendrick 2002; Yamanaka 2000). 120 56 Material examined. Not available. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 121 57 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 122 58 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during Pachynoa xanthochyta (Turner, 1933)*(Figure 14D) 123 59 the study. Hypermeces xanthochyta Turner, 1933:170 124 60 125 61 Pachynoa sabelialis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 4H) Material examined. Bhutan 3_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 126 62 Botys sabelialis Guenée, 1854: 326 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 127 63 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 128 64 Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 23 viii Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Sarpang), Asia, Australia 129 65 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix (Queensland) (Turner 1933). 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 Figure 11. Adults of family Crambidae (Spilomelinae). A, Polythlipta cerealis Lederer, 1863;B,Polythlipta divaricate Moore, 1885;C,Prooedema incisalis (Walker, 1866a); D, Prophantis 112 adusta Inoue, 1986;E,Pycnarmon lactiferalis (Walker, 1859); F, Pygospila tyres (Cramer, 1780); G, Rhagoba octomaculalis (Moore, 1867); H, Rhimphalea trogusalis (Walker, 1859). 48 113 49 114 50 115 51 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Material examined. Not available. 116 52 Distribution. Bhutan, Himalayas, Andaman Island (Hampson 117 53 Pagyda salvalis Walker, 1859b*(Figure 5A) 1896a). 118 54 Pagyda salvalis Walker, 1859b:487 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 119 55 120 56 Material examined. Bhutan 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Peribona venosa (Butler, 1889) 121 57 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagapela (Dagana), 20 iv 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Heterocnephes venosa Butler, 1889: 98, pl. 135, fig. 10. 122 58 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 123 59 Distribution. Bhutan (Dagana, Dagapela), Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Material examined. Bhutan 1_, Dagana, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 124 60 Myanmar, Thailand, China, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Hong Kong, and M.S. Chib); 1_, Langthel (Trongsa), 12 ix 2013 (K. Wangdi)-coll. 125 61 New Guinea (Wang et al 1981; Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 126 62 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Distribution. Bhutan (Dagana, Langthel), Himalayas and Java 127 63 (Hampson 1898). 128 64 Paratalanta aureolalis (Lederer, 1863) Remarks. This species usually attracted to light during rainy 129 65 Botys aureolalis Lederer, 1863: 375, 473 season. 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 Figure 12. Adults of family Crambidae (Spilomelinae, Glaphyriinae). A, Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller, 1852); B, Spoladea recurvalis Fabricius, 1775; C, Syllepte gastralis (Walker, [1865]); 112 D, Talanga sexpunctalis (Moore, 1877); E, Terastia egialealis (Walker, 1859); F, Tysponodes linealis (Moore, 1867); G, Tysponodes nigrolinealis (Moore, 1867); H, Crocidolomia luteolalis 48 Hampson, 1893. 113 49 114 50 115 51 Limbobotys limbolalis (Moore, 1877) and M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 116 52 Asopia limbolalis Moore, 1877:615 and M.S. Chib); 1_, Bumthang, 20 vi 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, 117 53 Thimphu (Bhutan). 118 54 Material examined. Not available. Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Sarpang, Gelephu, Bum- 119 55 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India, Myanmar, Andaman Is- thang), India, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam 120 56 land (Hampson 1896a). (Chen and Wu 2014; Nakao 2015; Robinson et al 1994). 121 57 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Remarks. This species is usually attracted to light and vary 122 58 common in all the study area. 123 59 Subfamily Schoenobiinae Duponchel, 1846 124 60 Ramila angustifimbrialis (Swinhoe, 1890) 125 61 Brihaspa atrostigmella sinensis Caradja, 1933 Crambostenia angustifimbrialis Swinhoe, 1890: 293 126 62 Brihaspa atrostigmella sinensis Caradja, 1933:142 127 63 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 viii 128 64 Material examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 iv 2015 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 24 vi 129 65 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 fi 47 Figure 13. Adults of family Pyralidae (Epipaschiinae, Pyralinae). A, Lista cki (Christoph 1881); B, Arctioblepsis rubida Felder and Felder, 1862;C,Endotricha ruminalis (Walker, 1859); 112 D, Hypsopygia mauritialis (Boisduval, 1833); E, Hypsopygia nitidicilialis (Hering, 1901); F, Lamoria virescens Hampson, 1898;G,Orybina flaviplaga (Walker, 1863); H, Orybina plangonalis 48 (Walker, 1859). 113 49 114 50 115 51 116 52 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu), Nepal, India, New Britain, New Ireland, Australia, Solomon Islands (Hampson 117 53 Myanmar, China (Taiwan), Thailand (Chen and Wu 2014; Nakao 1896a). 118 54 2015; Robinson et al 1994; Yamanaka 1998). Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 119 55 Remarks. This species is usually attracted to light and very 120 56 common in the study area. Scirpophaga auristrigellus (Hampson, 1896c) 121 57 Schoenobia auristrigellus Hampson, 1896c: 916 122 58 Scirpophaga excerptalis (Walker, 1863) 123 59 Chilo excerptalis Walker, 1863:142 Material examined. Not available. 124 60 Scirpophaga monostigma Zeller, 1863:3 Distribution. Bhutan, India, China (Chen and Wu 2014; Hampson 125 61 1896a). 126 62 Material examined. Not available. Remarks. Not found during the study. 127 63 Distribution. Bhutan, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Bangladesh, China, 128 fl 64 Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Java, Scirpophaga avidorsalis (Hampson, 1919) 129 fl 65 Sumba Island, Timor, Philippines, New Guinea, New Hannover, Topeutis avidorsalis Hampson, 1919:319 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 Figure 14. Adults of family Pyralidae (Pyralinae). A, Pyralis pictalis (Curtis, 1834); B, Vitessa suradeva Moore 1860;C,Zitha torridalis (Lederer, 1863). Adults of family Crambidae 89 25 (Pyraustinae). D, Pachynoa xanthochyta (Turner, 1933). 90 26 91 27 92 28 Material examined. Not available. Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 8 ix 2014 93 29 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand, West (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Damphu (Tsirang), 21 iii 2015 (J.S. 94 30 Malaysia, Java, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia (Chen and Wu Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Dagana,14 iv 2014 (J.S. Irungbam); 2_, 95 31 2014). Gelephu (Sarpang), 10 x 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and K. Wangdi)-coll. 96 32 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 97 33 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), 98 34 Subfamily Spilomelinae Guenée, 1854 Nepal, China (Yamanaka 1998). 99 35 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 100 Glyphodes bivitralis Guenée, 1854*(Figure 5B) 36 101 Glyphodes bivitralis Guenée, 1854: 293 37 Glyphodes harutai Yamanaka, 1998*(Figure 5E) 102 38 Glyphodes harutai Yamanaka, 1998: 108, pl. 142: 15 103 Material examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 31 x 2013 39 104 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 iii 2015 40 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 105 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Langthel (Trongsa), 14 x 2014 (J.S. 41 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 106 Irungbam and K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 42 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), Nepal (Yamanaka 1998). 107 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Gelephu, Langthel), Nepal, 43 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan 108 India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Thailand, W. Malaysia, Singapore, 44 and range extension of the species eastward to Bhutan from Nepal. 109 Hong Kong, Sumatra, Java, Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak, Philippines, 45 110 Sulawesi, Australia, America (Chandra 1996; Kendrick 2002; 46 Glyphodes onychinalis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 5F) 111 Robinson et al 1994, 1995; Wang et al 1981; Yamanaka 1995). 47 Asopia onychinalis Guinee, 1854: 205, pl. 6, fig. 9. 112 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 48 113 49 Material examined. Bhutan 1_,2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 114 50 Glyphodes canthusalis Walker, 1859b*(Figure 5C) 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 21 iii 115 51 Glyphodes canthusalis Walker, 1859b: 505 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Dagana, 14 iv 2014 (J.S. 116 52 Irungbam); 2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 10 x 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and K. 117 53 Material examined. Bhutan 1_,2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 118 54 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 21 iii Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), 119 55 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Indonesia, 120 56 10 x 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu Hong Kong, Australia, Africa (Kendrick 2002; Liu and Shen 1992; 121 57 (Bhutan). Robinson et al 1995; Wang et al 1981; Wu 1984; Yamanaka 1995). 122 58 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Gelephu), Nepal, Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 123 59 India, Myanmar, China, Macau, Philippines, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Very common in the study area. 124 60 Australia (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Easton and Pun 1996; Kendrick 125 61 2002; Robinson et al 1995; Wang et al 1981; Yamanaka 1995). Glyphodes stolalis Guenée, 1854*(Figure 5G) 126 62 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Glyphodes stolalis Guenée, 1854: 293, pl. 3, fig. 11. 127 63 128 64 Glyphodes crithealis (Walker, 1859b)*(Figure 5D) Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 8 ix 2014 129 65 Desmia crithealis Walker, 1859b:344 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 21 iii 2015 (J.S. 130

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1 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Dagana, 14 iv 2014 (J.S. Irungbam); 1_, Agrioglypta zelimalis (Walker, 1859b)*(Figure 6C) 66 2 1\, Sarpang, 20 vii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu Glyphodes zelimalis Walker, 1859b: 502 67 3 (Sarpang), 10 x 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, 68 4 Thimphu (Bhutan). Material examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 69 5 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sar- (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 24 vi 2015 (J.S. 70 6 pang, Gelephu), India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 71 7 China, Japan, W. Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, 72 8 Sulawesi, New Guinea, Australia, the Solomon Islands (Robinson Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. 73 9 et al 1994; Yamanaka 1995; Yamanaka 1998; Sterling and IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 74 10 Kendrick 2011). Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 75 11 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Gelephu), India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Hong Kong, 76 12 Australia (Wang et al 1981; Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). 77 13 Patania caletoralis (Walker, 1859c)*(Figure 5H) Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 78 14 Botys caletoralis Walker, 1859c:651 79 15 Agrotera basinotata Hampson, 1891*(Figure 6D) 80 16 Material examined. Bhutan 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 Agrotera basinotata Hampson, 1891: 39, 137, pl. 155, fig. 13. 81 17 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam 82 18 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Trongsa, 25 iii 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 83 19 Thimphu (Bhutan). (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 84 20 Distribution. Bhutan (Trongsa, Sarpang, Gelephu), Nepal, India, (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 85 21 South China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, New Guinea, Australia (Wang and Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu), India, Sri Lanka, 86 22 Speidel 2000; Kendrick 2002). Myanmar, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan (Hampson 1896a; Kendrick 87 23 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 2002). 88 24 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 89 25 Aethaloessa calidalis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 6A) Common in woodland and one record from beach shrubland. 90 26 Glyphodes calidalis Guenée, 1854: 294 91 27 Agrotera discinotata Swinhoe, 1894a 92 28 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 Agrotera discinotata Swinhoe, 1894a: 207e208 93 29 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 94 30 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Material examined. Not available. 95 31 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 96 32 Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Remarks: The species was not found during the study. 97 33 Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 98 34 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, Arthroschista hilaralis (Walker, 1859c)*(Figure 6E) 99 35 Gelephu), Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Indonesia, Hong Margaronia hilaralis Walker, 1859c: 532 100 36 Kong, Africa (Cameroon) (Yamanaka 1994; Kendrick 2002). 101 37 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 102 38 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 103 39 Agathodes ostentalis (Geyer, 1833)*(Figure 6B) (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 104 40 Perinephela ostentalis Geyer, 1833: 11, pl. 143, figs. 833, 834. Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu), India, Sri Lanka, 105 41 Myanmar, Cambodia, Sumatra, Borneo, Australia (Walker 1859; 106 42 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 Robinson et al 1994; Savela 2016). 107 43 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 108 44 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 109 45 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 18 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and K. Bocchoris inspersalis (Zeller, 1852) 110 46 Wangdi); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Botys inspersalis Zeller, 1852:33 111 47 Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 112 48 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, Material examined. Not available. 113 49 Gelephu), Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Indonesia, Hong Distribution. Bhutan, Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, 114 50 Kong (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Wang et al 1981; Robinson et al Japan, Indonesia, Hong Kong (Hampson 1896a; Wang et al 1981; Liu 115 51 1995; Yamanaka 2000; Kendrick 2002). and Shen 1992; Kendrick 2002). 116 52 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 117 53 118 54 Agrioglypta naralis (Felder and Rogenhofer 1875) Botyodes asialis Guenée, 1854*(Figure 6F) 119 55 Glyphodes naralis Felder and Rogenhofer 1875: 292e293, pl. 136, Botyodes asialis Guenée, 1854:321 120 56 fig. 38. 121 57 Material examined. Bhutan 1_,3\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 iv 122 58 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 123 59 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_,2\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. 124 60 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 125 61 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). M.S. Chib); 3\, Bumthang, 21 ix 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, 126 62 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana), Nepal, Thimphu (Bhutan). 127 63 India, W. Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Brunei, Sarawak, Philippines Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 128 64 (Robinson et al 1994). Bumthang), Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, 129 65 Remarks. This species is very common in Bhutan. Singapore, Sarawak, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia, Africa 130

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JS Irungbam et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e28 17

1 Q4 (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Wang et al 1981; Robinson et al 1994; Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 66 2 Nielsen et al 1996; Yamanaka 2000; Kendrick 2002). Gelephu, Bumthang), India, Taiwan, Myanmar, W. Malaysia, 67 3 Remarks. It is a very common species and is abundant. This Sumatra, Java, Sabah (Robinson et al 1995). 68 4 species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 69 5 70 6 Botyodes caldusalis Walker, 1859c*(Figure 6G) Bradina subpurpurescens (Warren, 1896a) 71 7 Botyodes caldusalis Walker, 1859c: 650 Pleonectusa subpurpurescens Warren, 1896a:147e148 72 8 73 9 Material examined. Bhutan 4_,1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), Material examined. Not available. 74 10 15 x 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 75 11 20 x 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 76 12 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 77 13 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagana), Nepal, India, China, Cirrhochrista brizoalis (Walker, 1859d)*(Figure 7D) 78 14 Hong Kong (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Robinson et al 1995; Margaronia brizoalis Walker, 1859d:1001 79 15 Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). 80 16 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 81 17 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 82 18 Botyodes crocopteralis Hampson, 1899*(Figure 6H) (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 83 19 Botyodes crocopteralis Hampson, 1899:710 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Bumthang, 18 v 2015 (K. Wangdi); 1_, Gelephu 84 20 (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, 85 21 Material examined. Bhutan 2_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 20 x 2014 Thimphu (Bhutan). 86 22 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Bumthang, Dag- 87 23 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 18 ix 2015 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, ana, Gelephu), Nepal, India, Nicobar Island, China, Japan, Borneo, 88 24 Thimphu (Bhutan). Hong Kong, Macau, Sulawesi, Australia (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; 89 25 Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang), Nepal, North Wang et al 1981; Chandra 1996; Easton and Pun 1996; Yamanaka 90 26 East India, Myanmar, Thailand. (Yamanaka 1995; Yamanaka 2000). 1998; Kendrick 2002). 91 27 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 92 28 93 29 Uncobotyodes patulalis (Walker, 1866a)*(Figure 7A) Cirrhochrista fumipalpis Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875*(Figure 7E) 94 30 Botys patulalis Walker, 1866a:119 Cirrhochrista fumipalpis Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875: pl. 135, fig. 31. 95 31 96 32 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 97 33 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 98 34 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 viii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), Nepal, Andaman and Nicobar 99 35 Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Island, Nepal, China, Japan, Philippines, Hong Kong (Wang et al 1981; 100 36 Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Robinson et al 1995; Chandra 1996; Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). 101 37 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagana, Sarpang, Gelephu), Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 102 38 China, Hong Kong (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Kendrick 2002). 103 39 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Cirrhochrista fuscusa Chen et al, 2006a*(Figure 7F) 104 40 Cirrhochrista fuscusa Chen et al, 2006a:101e102, figs 3, 13. 105 41 Endocrosis flavibasalis (Moore, 1867)*(Figure 7B) 106 42 Botyodes flavibasalis Moore, 1867:96 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 107 43 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 108 44 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), China, Taiwan (Chen et al 109 45 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 2006a). 110 46 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 111 47 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 viii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. 112 48 Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Cirrhochrista semibrunnea Hampson 1896a 113 49 Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Cirrhochrista semibrunnea Hampson, 1896a:918 114 50 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 115 51 Gelephu), Nepal; India (Sikkim), Nicobar Is, China, Sumatra, Hong Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 116 52 Kong, New Guinea (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Chandra 1996; (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 15 v 2015 (K. 117 53 Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 118 54 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Gelephu) (Hampson 1896a). 119 55 Remarks. Occasionally found during the study. 120 56 Bradina diagonalis Guenée, 1852*(Figure 7C) 121 57 Salbia diagonalis Guenée, 1852: 201 Cnaphalocrosis medinalis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 7G) 122 58 Salbia medinalis Guenée, 1854:201 123 59 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 124 60 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 125 61 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 126 62 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 viii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 127 63 Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagapela (Dagana), 18 v 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 128 64 Chib); 2_, Bumthang, 23 iv 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and 129 65 (Bhutan). M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 130

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18 JS Irungbam et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e28

1 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Dagapela, Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), 66 2 Gelephu), Nepal, Andaman and Nicobar Island, China, Macau, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Andaman Island, Thailand, West 67 3 Korea, Hong Kong (Wu 1984; Liang et al 1989; Robinson et al 1994; Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Sabah, Sarawak, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New 68 4 Robinson et al 1995; Chandra 1996; Easton and Pun 1996; Guinea, Australia, Samoa, New Hebrides (Robinson et al 1994; 69 5 Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). Robinson et al 1995). 70 6 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 71 7 Widely distributed throughout India. It is an important defoliating 72 8 insect of rice crops in Asia. It occurs on Oryza sativa as a sporadic Diaphnia indica Saunders, 1851*(Figure 8D) 73 9 pest. Eudioptes indica Saunders, 1851:163 74 10 75 11 Conogethes haemactalis Snellen, 1890 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 76 12 Conogethes haemactalis Snellen, 1890: 592 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 77 13 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irung- 78 14 Material examined. Not available. bam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. 79 15 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India, Borneo, Sumbawa, Chib); 3_,1\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. 80 16 Australia (Hampson 1896a). Chib); 1_, Trongsa, 12 iii 2014 (K. Wangdi); 2\, Bumthang, 12 x 2014 81 17 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 82 18 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 83 19 Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 7H) Gelephu, Trongsa, Bumthang), Nepal, Andaman and Nicobar Island, 84 20 Astura punctiferalis Guenée, 1854: 320 China, Macau, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Central America, Africa, 85 21 Madagascar, Arabia, (Wang et al 1981; Wu 1984; Liang et al 1989; 86 22 Material examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2014 Liu and Shen 1992; Robinson et al 1995; Easton and Pun 1996; 87 23 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 (J.S. Chandra 1996; Kendrick 2002). 88 24 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. It 89 25 M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and is occasionally a significant pest of cucurbits and some other plants. 90 26 M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 91 27 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), Dichocrocis bistrigalis (Walker, 1866a) 92 28 Pakistan, Nepal, India, China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Australia Zebronia bistrigalis Walker, 1866a: 1348 93 29 (Wang et al 1981; Wu 1984; Liang et al 1989; Liu and Shen 1992; 94 30 Robinson et al 1995; Nielsen et al 1996; Yamanaka 1998; Materials examined. Not available. 95 31 Kendrick 2002). Distribution. Bhutan, India (Hampson 1896a). 96 32 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 97 33 98 34 Cotachena nepalensis Yamanaka, 2000*(Figure 8A) Dichocrocis definita (Butler, 1889)*(Figure 8E) 99 35 Cotachena nepalensis Yamanaka, 2000: 64, pl. 163 Haritala definita Butler, 1889: 97, pl. 133, fig. 9. 100 36 101 37 Materials examined. Bhutan 1_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 ix Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 20 vii 2014 102 38 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Damphu (Tsirang), 24 vi (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Sarpang, 15 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam 103 39 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 104 40 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Sarpang, 15 vii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Sarpang), Nepal, India (Robinson 105 41 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). et al 1995; Yamanaka 2000). 106 42 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang), Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 107 43 Nepal (Yamanaka 2000). 108 44 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan Dichocrocis evaxalis (Walker, 1859d) 109 45 and a new distribution for the species eastward to Nepal. Botys evaxalis Walker, 1859d: 995 110 46 111 47 Cotachena pubescens (Warren, 1892)*(Figure 8B) Materials examined. Not available. 112 48 Archernis pubescens Warren, 1892:300 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java 113 49 (Hampson 1896a). 114 50 Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 115 51 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 116 52 M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Dichocrocis zebralis (Moore, 1867)*(Figure 8F) 117 53 Distribution. Bhutan (Dagana, Gelephu), Nepal, Taiwan, China, Pycnarmon zebralis Moore, 1867: 91, pl. 7, fig. 12. 118 54 Indonesia (Yamanaka 1995). 119 55 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Materials examined. Bhutan 2_,2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 12 ix 120 56 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 121 57 Cydalima conchylalis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 8C) 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 122 58 Margarodes conchylalis Guenée, 1854: 303, pl. 8, fig. 9. Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Sarpang), Nepal, China, 123 59 Hong Kong (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Yamanaka 2000; Kendrick 124 60 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2002). 125 61 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 126 62 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. 127 63 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Dichocrosis rigidalis (Snellen, 1890)*(Figure 8G) 128 64 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Zebronia rigidalis Snellen, 1890:631 129 65 130

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JS Irungbam et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e28 19

1 Materials examined. Bhutan 1_,1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 vii 2013 (J.S. 66 2 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Damphu (Tsirang), 18 v Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 67 3 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), 68 4 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Australia 69 5 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagapela, Gelephu), Nepal (Kim et al 2014). 70 6 (Yamanaka 1998). Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 71 7 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Adults fly from June to July (Kim et al 2014). 72 8 73 9 Orthospila orissusalis (Walker, 1859c)*(Figure 8H) Nacoleia commixta (Butler, 1873)*(Figure 9D) 74 10 Botys orissusalis Walker, 1859c:701 Samea commixta Butler, 1873: 453 75 11 76 12 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 18 v 2014 (J.S. Materials examined. Bhutan 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2013 77 13 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Bumthang, 18 v 2015 (K. Wangdi); 78 14 M.S. Chib); 1_, Sarpang, 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Langthel (Trongsa), 23 viii 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu 79 15 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)- (Bhutan). 80 16 coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Bumthang, Langthel), Nepal, In- 81 17 Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, Gelephu), In- dia, Sri Lanka, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Cambodia, Vietnam, 82 18 dia, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Hong Kong (Caradja and Meyrick Hong Kong (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Wang et al 1981; Wu 1984; 83 19 1933; Kendrick 2002). Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002, Kim et al 2014). 84 20 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 85 21 Adults appear from May to August (Kim et al 2014). 86 22 Dolicharthria paediusalis (Walker, 1859c) 87 23 Scopula paediusalis Walker, 1859c: 788e789 Maruca testulalis (Hübner, 1832) 88 24 Crochiphora testulalis Geyer in Hübner, 1832: 12, pl. 109, figs. 629e 89 25 Materials examined. Not available. 630. 90 26 Distribution. Bhutan, Congo, South Africa, Yemen (Hampson 91 27 1896a). Materials examined. Not available. 92 28 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Distribution. Bhutan, throughout Indo-Australian, Africa, Orien- 93 29 tal, Neotropical regions (Robinson et al 1994). 94 30 Filodes fulvidorsalis Hübner, 1832*(Figure 9A) Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 95 31 Pinacia fulvidorsalis Hübner, 1832: 643e644, fig. 15. 96 32 Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787)*(Figure 9E) 97 33 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 10 ix Phalaena vitrata Fabricius, 1787:215 98 34 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Damphu (Tsirang), 18 v 2014 99 35 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Materials examined. Bhutan 4_,3\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 100 36 and M.S. Chib); 2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 101 37 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. 102 38 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 103 39 India, Sri Lanka, Sikkim, Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Hong Kong M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 104 40 (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Wang et al 1981; Kendrick 2002). M.S. Chib); 1_, Sarpang, 30 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and K. Wangdi)- 105 41 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 106 42 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 107 43 Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius, 1775)*(Figure 9B) Gelephu), Pantropical, Nicobar Island, Nepal, China, Macau, Japan, 108 44 Phalaena derogata Fabricius, 1775:641 Australia, Hong Kong (Liu and Shen 1992; Robinson et al 1994; 109 45 Chandra 1996; Nielsen et al 1996; Easton and Pun 1996; Kendrick 110 46 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 2002). 111 47 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 112 48 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. 113 49 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Massepha absolutalis Walker, 1859b 114 50 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Massepha absolutalis Walker, 1859b:489 115 51 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), 116 52 Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Andaman Island, China, West Materials examined. Not available. 117 53 Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Bali, New Guinea, Japan, Australia, Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka (Hampson, 1896a). 118 54 Solomon Island, Samoa, Fiji; West Africa (Caradja and Meyrick Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 119 55 1933; Wang et al 1981; Liu and Shen 1992; Robinson et al 1994; 120 56 Chandra 1996; Kendrick 2002). Mimudea phoenicistis (Hampson, 1896a) 121 57 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan Pionea phoenicistis Hampson, 1896a: 428 122 58 and is very common in the study area. 123 59 Materials examined. Not available. 124 60 Nacoleia chrysorycta (Meyrick, 1884)*(Figure 9C) Distribution. Bhutan, India, Myanmar, and Thailand (Hampson 125 61 Semioceros chrysorycta Meyrick, 1884: 320 1896a). 126 62 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 127 63 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 vi 128 64 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 vi Nausinoe pueritia (Cramer, 1780)*(Figure 9F) 129 65 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 vi 2014 (J.S. Phalaena pueritia Cramer (1780): 128, pl. 264, fig. F (not E!) 130

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20 JS Irungbam et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e28

1 Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 66 2 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 67 3 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Omiodes noctescens (Moore, 1888)*(Figure 10B) 68 4 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and Charema noctescens Moore, 1888:218 69 5 M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and 70 6 M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Materials examined. Bhutan 3_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 71 7 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 72 8 Gelephu), Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Island, West Malaysia, 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Dagana, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. 73 9 Hong Kong, Java, Kepulauan Kai, New Guinea, Australia (Robinson Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 74 10 et al 1994; Kendrick 2002). Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana), Nepal, 75 11 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. India, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China (Yamanaka 2000). 76 12 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 77 13 Nausinoe geometralis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 9G) 78 14 Lepyrodes geometralis Guenée, 1854: 278, pl. 8, fig.6. Omphisa anastomosalis (Guenée, 1854)*(Figure 10C) 79 15 Pionea anastomosalis Guenée, 1854:373e374 80 16 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 81 _ 17 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Materials examined. Bhutan 3 , Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 82 _ 18 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2 , Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 83 _ 19 China, Indonesia, Philippines, Hong Kong, Africa, Australia 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1 , Dagana, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. 84 _ 20 (Robinson et al, 1995; Kendrick 2002). Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2 , Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 vi 2015 (J.S. 85 21 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 86 fi 22 Remarks. This species is reported for the rst time from Bhutan. Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), 87 23 India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Philippines, 88 24 Nevrina procopia (Stoll in Cramer and Stoll, 1781)*(Figure 9H) Australia, Hawaii Island, Africa, Americas (Kendrick 2002). 89 fi 25 Phalaena procopia Stoll in Cramer and Stoll, 1781: 152, pl. 368, g. E. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 90 26 91 < > \ 27 Materials examined. Bhutan 1 , Mendrelgang (Tsirang), Orphnophanes eucerusalis (Walker, 1859d)*(Figure 10D) 92 _ \ 28 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1 ,1 , Dagana, 16 ix 2014 Botys eucerusalis Walker, 1859d:1002 93 \ 29 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1 , Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. 94 30 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Materials examined. Bhutan 3_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 95 31 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagana, Gelephu), Nepal, 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu 96 32 India, Sri Lanka, W. Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Brunei, (Bhutan). 97 33 Sabah, Sarawak, Philippines, Sulawesi, Ambon, New Guinea, Loui- Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), India, Indonesia, Australia. 98 34 siade Archipelago (Robinson et al 1994; Yamanaka 2000). Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 99 fi 35 Remarks. This species is reported for the rst time from Bhutan. 100 36 Palpita annulifer (Inoue, 1996)*(Figure 10E) 101 37 Niphopyralis albida Hampson, 1893 Palpita annulata Kirti and Rose, 1992: 69, figs. 12e15, nec Fabricius. 102 38 Niphopyralis albida Hampson, 1893: 52, 181, pl. 174, fig. 25. 103 39 Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 104 40 Materials examined. Not available. 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 105 41 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Borneo, Hong Kong 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. 106 42 (Hampson 1896a; Kendrick 2002). Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. 107 43 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 108 44 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), 109 45 Nosophora glyphodalis (Walker, 1866a) North East Nepal, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, 110 46 Analtes [sic] glyphodalis Walker, 1866a:1488 Sulawesi, Philippines, Hong Kong, Japan, China (Inoue 1996; 111 47 Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Kendrick 2002). 112 48 Materials examined. Not available. Remarks. The species P. annulifer is a new record for Bhutan. 113 49 Distribution. Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indonesia (Hampson 114 50 1896a). Palpita asiaticalis Inoue, 1994*(Figure 10F) 115 51 Remarks: The species was not found during the study. Palpita asiaticalis Inoue, 1994: 98, figs. 3, 4, 11, 12, 14. 116 52 117 53 Nosophora semitritalis (Lederer, 1863)*(Figure 10A) Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 118 54 Analthes semitritalis Lederer, 1863: 407, pl. 14, fig. 14. 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 119 55 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. 120 56 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 121 57 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Sarpang), Nepal, 122 58 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. India, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Hong Kong (Inoue 1997; Yamanaka 123 59 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 1998; Kendrick 2002). 124 60 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagana, Gelephu), Nepal, Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 125 61 India, Myanmar, China, Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Hong Kong 126 62 (Wang et al 1981; Wu 1984; Liu and Shen 1992; Robinson et al Palpita warrenalis (Swinhoe, 1894b)*(Figure 10G) 127 63 1995; Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). Margaronia warrenalis Swinhoe, 1894b:148 128 64 129 65 130

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JS Irungbam et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e28 21

1 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Bumthang, 14 x 2014 (K. 66 2 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 67 3 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Distribution. Bhutan (Bumthang), North East India, Sumatra, 68 4 Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Sarpang), India, Nepal, China, Indonesia (Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1994). 69 5 Vietnam, Sumatra, Hong Kong, Borneo (Inoue 1997; Robinson et al Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 70 6 1995; Nielsen et al 1996; Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). 71 7 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Prooedema inscisalis (Walker, 1866a)*(Figure 11C) 72 8 Botys inscisalis Walker, 1866a:1410 73 9 Parotis marginata (Hampson, 1893)*(Figure 10H) 74 10 Cenocnemis marginata Hampson, 1893: 169, pl. 173, fig. 23 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 75 11 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 76 12 Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. 77 13 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 78 14 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 20 v 2014 (J.S. M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 79 15 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 14 ix 2014 (J.S. M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 80 16 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 81 17 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), Gelephu), Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Thailand, 82 18 India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, China, Fiji, Japan, Australia (Savela 2016). Brunei, Borneo, Hong Kong, Sarawak, Philippines, Sulawesi, New 83 19 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Guinea, Australia, Solomon Islands (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; 84 20 Wang et al 1981; Robinson et al 1994; Chandra 1996; Kendrick 85 21 Pleuroptya quadrimaculalis Kollar, 1844 2002). 86 22 Scopula quadrimaculalis Kollar, 1844:492 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 87 23 Sylepta quadrimaculalis Lederer, 1863: pl. 16, fig. 12 88 24 Pleuroptya quadrimaculalis Inoue, 1982 1: 343, 2: 234, 454 Prophantis adusta Inoue, 1986*(Figure 11D) 89 25 Prophantis adusta Inoue, 1986:157 90 26 Materials examined. None available. 91 27 Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, India, China, Korea, Japan, Far-East Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 92 28 Russia, Taiwan, Borneo, Congo. 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 93 29 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. 94 30 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. 95 31 Poliobotys ablactalis (Walker, 1859c) Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 96 32 Botys ablactalis Walker, 1859c:660 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), 97 33 China, Hong Kong (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Kendrick 2002). 98 34 Materials examined. Not available. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 99 35 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Andaman Island (Hampson 1896). 100 36 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Pycnarmon abraxalis (Walker, 1866a) 101 37 Zebronia abraxalis Walker, 1866a: 1349e1350 102 38 Polythlipta cerealis Lederer, 1863*(Figure 11A) 103 39 Polythlipta cerealis Lererer, 1863: 477 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 104 40 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. 105 41 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_,1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 14 ix Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. 106 42 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 14 ix Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 107 43 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Sarpang, Gelephu), India, 108 44 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Sarpang, 21 iii 2015 (J.S. Irungbam Myanmar, Thailand (Hampson 1896a). 109 45 and M.S. Chib); 2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 14 x 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. Remarks. A very common species. 110 46 IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 111 47 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, Pycnarmon cribrata (Fabricius 1794) 112 48 Gelephu), Nepal, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Yamanaka Phalaena cribrata Fabricius, 1794:215 113 49 1998). 114 50 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Materials examined. Not available. 115 51 Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, China, Hong Kong, Australia (Liu and 116 52 Polythlipta divaricata Moore, 1885*(Figure 11B) Shen 1992; Robinson et al 1995; Yamanaka 2000, Kendrick 2002). 117 53 Polythlipta divaricata Moore, 1885: 311, pl. 179, fig. 16. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 118 54 119 55 Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 14 ix Pycnarmon jaguaralis (Guenée, 1854) 120 56 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), Spilomela jaguaralis Guenée, 1854: 283 121 57 14.viii.2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 15 iii 2014 122 58 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 14 x 2014 (K. Materials examined. Not available. 123 59 Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu), India, Nepal, Malaysia, 124 60 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, Australia, Papua New Guinea 125 61 Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Papua New Guinea (Robinson et al 1994). (Caradja and Meyrick 1933). 126 62 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 127 63 128 64 Polythlipta ossealis Lederer, 1863 Pycnarmon virgatalis Moore, 1867 129 65 Polythlipta ossealis Lederer,1863: 389, 477 (as osseatalis), pl.12, fig.18 Pycnarmon virgatalis Moore, 1867: 92, pl. 7, fig. 9 130

Please cite this article in press as: Irungbam JS, et al., Taxonomic review of the superfamily Pyraloidea in Bhutan (Lepidoptera), Journal of Asia- Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.06.004 JAPB164_proof ■ 6 July 2016 ■ 22/28

22 JS Irungbam et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e28

1 Materials examined. Not available. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 66 2 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka (Hampson 1896a). 67 3 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)*(Figure 12B) 68 4 Phalaena recurvalis Fabricius, 1775:644 69 5 Pycnarmon lactiferalis (Walker, 1859b)*(Figure 11E) 70 6 Zebronia lactiferalis Walker, 1859b:480 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 71 7 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 72 8 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_,1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. 73 9 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and 74 10 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and 75 11 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagana), India, Nepal, China, M.S. Chib); 2_, Trongsa, 18 vii 2014 (K. Wangdi); 1_, Bumthang, 30 76 12 Japan, Taiwan, Russia Far East (Caradja and Meyrick 1933). viii 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 77 13 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 78 14 Gelephu, Trongsa, Bumthang), India, Nicobar Is., Nepal, China, 79 15 Pygospila tyres (Cramer, 1780)*(Figure 11F) Macau, Hong Kong, Australia, Western Pacific, Central Pacific, 80 16 Phalaena tyres Cramer (1780): pl. 263, fig. C Americas, Old World tropics, Eastern Palaearctic, the Caribbean 81 17 (Easton and Pun 1996; Yamanaka 2000). 82 18 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_,1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 14 ix Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 83 19 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. It is cosmopolitan in distribution throughout the world. It occurs on 84 20 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Sarpang, 21 iii 2015 (J.S. Irungbam Amaranthus viridis, Trianthema monogyna, Glycine max, and Beta 85 21 and M.S. Chib); 2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 14 x 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. vulgaris as leaf-roller and defoliator. 86 22 IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 87 23 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagana, Sarpang, Gelephu), Syllepte gastralis (Walker, 1865)*(Figure 12C) 88 24 Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Japan, Hong Kong, Java, Glyphodes gastralis Walker (1865): 1356 89 25 Sabah, Sumbawa, New Guinea, West Africa (Robinson et al 1995; 90 26 Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 91 27 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 92 28 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Langthel (Trongsa), 20 ix 93 29 Rhagoba octomaculalis (Moore, 1867)*(Figure 11G) 2013 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 94 30 Filodes octomaculalis Moore, 1867:95 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Langthel), Nepal 95 31 (Yamanaka 2000). 96 32 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_,1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 14 ix Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 97 33 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 98 34 14 x 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Syllepte paucistrialis (Warren, 1896b) 99 35 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Gelephu), Nepal, North East Cyclarcha paucistrialis Warren, 1896b:139 100 36 India (Yamanaka 2000). 101 37 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Materials examined. Not available. 102 38 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 103 39 Rhimphalea trogusalis (Walker 1859c)*(Figure 11H) Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 104 40 Botys trogusalis Walker, 1859c:711 105 41 Talanga sexpunctalis (Moore, 1877)*(Figure 12D) 106 42 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), Oligostigma sexpunctalis Moore, 1877: 616, pl. 60, fig. 12. 107 43 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 108 44 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 109 45 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 3_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (K. 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 110 46 Wangdi); 2_, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 iii 111 47 IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Langthel (Trongsa), 112 48 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang, 14 x 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 113 49 Gelephu), Nepal, West Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java (Yamanaka Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Gelephu, 114 50 1998). Langthel), Nepal, India, Myanmar, Andaman Island, China, Taiwan, 115 51 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. W. Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Hong Kong, Java, Sabah, Sarawak, 116 52 Kalimantan, Philippines, Sulawesi (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; 117 53 Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller, 1852)*(Figure 12A) Wang et al 1981; Robinson et al 1995; Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 118 54 Botys cancellalis Zeller, 1852:34 2002). 119 55 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 120 56 Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 2014 121 57 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam Terastia egialealis (Walker, 1859b)*(Figure 12E) 122 58 \ _ 123 and M.S. Chib); 1 , Trongsa, 20 ix 2014 (K. Wangdi); 2 , Langthel Megaphysa egialealis Walker, 1859b: 383 59 (Trongsa), 21 ix 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 124 60 125 Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Sarpang, Trongsa, Langthel), Materials examined. Bhutan 1_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 61 126 Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Andaman Island, Thailand, Hong 31 x 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 62 127 Kong, Macau, W. Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, New Guinea, 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Sarpang, 16 ix 2014 (J.S. 63 128 Australia, Fiji, West and South Africa (Easton and Pun 1996; Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Dagana, 20 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and 64 Yamanaka 1998). 129 65 130

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1 M.S. Chib); 2\, Gelephu (Sarpang), 21 ix 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and Materials examined. None. 66 2 M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 67 3 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu, Dagana, Gelephu), Remarks: Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 68 4 Nepal, India, China, Thailand, W. Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, the study. 69 5 Sabah, Sulawesi (Yamanaka 2000). 70 6 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Lamida moncusalis Walker, 1859a 71 7 Lamida moncusalis Walker, 1859a: 252 72 8 Tyspanodes linealis (Moore, 1867)*(Figure 12F) 73 9 Propachys linealis Moore, 1867: 665, pl. 33, fig. 17 Materials examined. None 74 10 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 75 11 Materials examined. Bhutan 1_, Damphu (Tsirang), 24 vi 2015 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 76 12 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 77 13 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Lepidogma rufescens Hampson, 1896a 78 14 Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Lepidogma rufescens Hampson, 1896a:366e394 79 15 Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang), Nepal, China, 80 16 Hong Kong (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Robinson et al 1995; Materials examined. Not available. 81 17 Yamanaka 1998; Kendrick 2002). Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 82 18 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 83 19 the study. 84 20 Tyspanodes nigrolinealis (Moore, 1867)*(Figure 12G) 85 21 Filodes nigrolinealis Moore, 1867:95 Locastra pachylepidalis Hampson, 1895 86 22 Locastra pachylepidalis Hampson, 1895:366e394 87 23 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 88 24 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 2\, Sarpang, 23 iii 2014 (J.S. Materials examined. Not available. 89 25 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 iv 2015 (J.S. Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 90 26 Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 91 27 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Sarpang, Gelephu), India, the study. 92 28 Nepal, Cambodia (Yamanaka 1995). 93 29 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Noctuides euryptera (Meyrick, 1894) 94 30 Balanotis euryptera Meyrick, 1894:476 95 31 Udea nigrostigmalis Warren, 1896a 96 32 Udea nigrostigmalis Warren, 1896a:96e97 Materials examined. Not available. 97 33 Distribution. Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Sumbawa, Japan (Hampson 98 34 Materials examined. Not available. 1896a). 99 35 Distribution. Bhutan, India (Hampson 1896a). Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 100 36 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 101 37 Orthaga auroviridalis Hampson 1896a 102 38 Subfamily Glaphyriinae Forbes, 1923 Orthaga auroviridalis Hampson, 1896a:366e394 103 39 104 Crocidolomia luteolalis Hampson, 1893*(Figure 12H) 40 Materials examined. Not available. 105 Crocidolomia luteolalis Hampson, 1893 41 Distribution. Bhutan, India (Hampson 1896a). 106 42 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 107 Materials examined. Bhutan 1_, Damphu (Tsirang), 24 vi 2015 43 108 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. Irungbam 44 Orthaga onerata Butler, 1879 109 and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23 v 2015 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. 45 Orthaga onerata Butler, 1879: 366e394 110 Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 46 111 Distribution. Bhutan (Damphu, Dagana, Sarpang), Sri Lanka 47 Materials examined. Not available. 112 (Savela 2016). 48 Distribution. Bhutan, Japan, Java (Hampson 1896a). 113 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 49 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 114 50 115 Family Pyralidae Latreille, 1809 51 Stericta asopialis (Snellen, 1890) 116 Subfamily Epipaschiinae Meyrick, 1884 52 Pannucha asopialis Snellen, 1890:557e647, pls. 19e20 117 53 Lista ficki (Christoph, 1881)* 118 54 Craneophora ficki Christoph, 1881:2 Materials examined. Not available. 119 55 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 120 56 Materials examined. Bhutan 1_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 10 vii Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 121 57 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 15 viii 2014 (J.S. 122 58 Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 23.vii.2015 (J.S. Irungbam Stericta rufescens Hampson, 1895 123 59 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Stericta rufescens Hampson, 1895: 366e394 124 60 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagana), Nepal, Japan, 125 61 Taiwan (Yamanaka 2000). Materials examined. Not available. 126 62 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 127 63 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 128 64 Coenodomus dudgeoni Hampson, 1896a the study. 129 65 Coenodomus dudgeoni Hampson, 1896a:366e394 130

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24 JS Irungbam et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e28

1 Stericta sinuosa Hampson, 1895 Anonaepestis bengalella Ragonot, 1894 66 2 Stericta sinuosa Hampson, 1895:366e394 Anonaepestis bengalella Ragonot, 1894:106 67 3 68 4 Materials examined. Not available. Materials examined. Not available. 69 5 Distribution. Bhutan, India (Hampson 1896a). Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Singapore, 70 6 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Sumatra, Java (Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1994). 71 7 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 72 8 Trichotophysa jucundalis (Walker, 1866b) 73 9 Bleptina jucundalis Walker, 1866b:1164 Cadra cautella (Walker, 1863) 74 10 Pempelia cautella Walker, 1863:73 75 11 Materials examined. Not available. 76 12 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka (Hampson 1896a). Materials examined. Not available. 77 13 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Sumbawa, China, 78 14 Hong Kong, Australia (Hampson 1896a; Wang et al 1981; Robinson 79 Subfamily Galleriinae Zeller, 1848 15 et al 1995; Kendrick 2002). 80 16 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 81 Picrogama semifoedalis (Walker, 1866a) 17 82 Botys semifoedalis Walker (1866a): 1439e1440 18 Ephestiopsis bipunctalis (Hampson, 1896a) 83 19 Cryptoblabes bipunctalis Hampson, 1896a:105 84 Materials examined. Not available. 20 85 Distribution. Bhutan, India (Hampson 1896a). 21 Materials examined. Not available. 86 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 22 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 87 23 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 88 Tirathaba unicolorella (Hampson, 1896a) 24 the study. 89 Mucialla unicolorella Hampson, 1896a:5 25 90 26 Faveria majoralis (Hampson, 1896a) 91 Materials examined. Not available. 27 Phycita majoralis Hampson, 1896a:94e95 92 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 28 93 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 29 Materials examined. Not available. 94 the study. 30 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 95 31 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 96 Eldana dichromellus Walker, 1866a 32 the study. 97 Eldana dichromellus Walker, 1866a: 633 33 98 34 Kaurava rufimarginella (Hampson, 1896a) 99 Materials examined. Not available. 35 Rhodophaea rufimarginella Hampson, 1896a:101 100 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 36 101 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The single Galleriine species of 37 Materials examined. Not available. 102 stalk borer on rice, the veins are brown longitudinally and there are 38 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 103 two black spots in the cell. The fore-wing has a prominent marginal 39 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 104 fringe and a narrow black fascia near the margin. The frons is 40 the study. 105 without a prominent point. The species was not found during the 41 106 study. 42 Laodamia eulepidella (Hampson, 1896a) 107 43 Phycita eulepidella Hampson, 1896a:94 108 Cathayia purpureotincta Hampson, 1917 44 109 Cathayia purpureotincta Hampson, 1917:46 45 Materials examined. Not available. 110 46 Distribution. Bhutan, Sri Lanka (Hampson 1896a). 111 Materials examined. Not available. 47 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 112 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 48 113 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 49 Mussidia pectinicornella (Hampson, 1896a) 114 the study. 50 Myelois pectinicornella Hampson, 1896a:88e89, fig. 55 115 51 116 Ammatucha semirrorella (Hampson, 1896a) 52 Materials examined. Not available. 117 Ammatucha semirrorella Hampson, 1896a:178 53 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Taiwan, 118 54 Thailand, Hong Kong, West Malaysia, Java, Fiji East (Hampson 119 Materials examined. Not available. 55 1896a; Robinson et al 1994; Kendrick 2002). 120 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 56 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 121 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 57 122 58 Nephopteryx nocturnella Hampson, 1896a 123 Anerastia castanealis (Hampson, 1896a) 59 Nephopteryx nocturnella Hampson, 1896a:74 124 Anerastia castanealis Hampson, 1896a:67 60 125 61 Materials examined. Not available. 126 Materials examined. Not available. 62 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). 127 Distribution. Bhutan (Hampson, 1896a). 63 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 128 Remarks. Endemic to Bhutan. The species was not found during 64 the study. 129 the study. 65 130

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1 Nephopteryx ochribasalis Hampson, 1896a Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 66 2 Nephopteryx ochribasalis Hampson, 1896a:78 67 3 Endotricha ardentalis Hampson, 1896a 68 4 Materials examined. Not available. Endotricha ardentalis Hampson, 1896a:135 69 5 Distribution. Bhutan, India, China, Hong Kong (Hampson 1896a; 70 6 Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Kendrick 2002). Materials examined. Not available. 71 7 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Distribution. Bhutan, Borneo (Hampson 1896a). 72 8 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 73 9 Patna eboricostella Ragonot, 1888 74 10 Patna eboricostella Ragonot, 1888:39 Endotricha luteogrisalis Hampson, 1896a 75 11 Endotricha luteogrisalis Hampson, 1896a:136 76 12 Materials examined. Not available. 77 13 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Thailand, Hong Kong (Hampson Materials examined. Not available. 78 14 1896a; Robinson et al 1994; Kendrick 2002). Distribution. Bhutan, China (Hampson 1896a; Sun and Li 2012). 79 15 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. The fe- 80 16 male of this species was first described from China (Sun and Li 81 17 Phycita pachylepidella Ragonot and Hampson, 1901 2012). 82 18 Phycita pachylepidella Ragonot and Hampson,1901: 441, pl. 53, fig. 3 83 19 Endotricha rufofimbrialis Warren, 1891 84 20 Materials examined. Not available. Endotricha rufofimbrialis Warren, 1891:69 85 21 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 86 22 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Materials examined. Not available. 87 23 Distribution. Bhutan, Borneo (Hampson 1896a). 88 24 Piesmopoda semilutea (Walker, 1863) Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 89 25 Guastica semilutea Walker, 1863:81 90 26 Endotricha ruminalis (Walker, 1859b)*(Figure 13C) 91 27 Materials examined. Not available. Agroptera ruminalis Walker, 1859b: 387 92 28 Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, 93 29 Singapore, Sumatra, Hong Kong, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Dagana, 11 viii 2014 (J.S. Irung- 94 30 (Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1995; Kendrick 2002). bam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Sarpang, 8 vi 2014 (K. Wangdi); 1_, Gelephu 95 31 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, 96 32 Thimphu (Bhutan). 97 33 Protoetiella venustella (Hampson, 1896a) Distribution. Bhutan (Dagana, Sarpang, Gelephu), India, Sri 98 34 Etiella venustella Hampson, 1896a:109 Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Taiwan (Hampson 1896a). 99 35 Protoetiella venustella, Roesler and Kuppers, 1979:192 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 100 36 101 37 Materials examined. Not available. Hypsopygia fuscalis (Hampson, 1893) 102 38 Distribution. Bhutan, India (Hampson 1896a). Catoclysta [sic] fuscalis Hampson, 1893: 52, 178, pl. 174, fig. 13. 103 39 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 104 40 Materials examined. Not available. 105 41 Sandrabatis crassiella Ragonot, 1893 Distribution. Bhutan, Sri Lanka (Hampson 1896a). 106 42 Sandrabatis crassiella Ragonot, 1893: 204, pl. 18, fig. 7 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 107 43 108 44 Materials examined. Not available. Hypsopygia mauritialis (Boisduval, 1833)*(Figure 13D) 109 45 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka (Hampson 1896a). Asopia mauritialis Boisduval, 1833: 119, pl. 16, fig. 8. 110 46 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 111 47 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Sarpang, 8 vi 2014 (K. Wangdi); 112 48 Volobilis chloropterella (Hampson, 1896a) 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, 113 49 Phycita chloropterella Hampson, 1896a:92 Langthel (Trongsa), 18 v 2014 (K. Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu 114 50 (Bhutan). 115 51 Materials examined. Not available. Distribution. Bhutan (Sarpang, Gelephu, Langthel), Nepal, India, 116 52 Distribution. Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Hampson 1896a). China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Sumatra, Java, Indonesia, Hong Kong, 117 53 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Japan, Australia, Hawaii, Madagascar (Hampson 1896a, Kendrick 118 54 2002). 119 55 Subfamily Pyralinae Latreille, 1809 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 120 56 121 Arctioblepsis rubida, Felder and Felder, 1862*(Figure 13B) 57 Hypsopygia nitidicilialis (Hering, 1901)*(Figure 13E) 122 Arctioblepsis rubida Felder and Felder, 1862:33 58 Herculia nitidicilialis Hering, 1901: 36-37, pl. 1, fig. 7 (1903) 123 59 124 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 60 Materials examined. Bhutan 1\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 vii 125 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Langthel (Trongsa), 18 v 61 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 126 2014 (K. Wangdi); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam 62 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), Sumatra (Robinson et al 127 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 63 1994). 128 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Langthel, Gelephu), Nepal, 64 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 129 India, China, Laos, Hong Kong (Yamanaka 1995, Kendrick 2002). 65 130

Please cite this article in press as: Irungbam JS, et al., Taxonomic review of the superfamily Pyraloidea in Bhutan (Lepidoptera), Journal of Asia- Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.06.004 JAPB164_proof ■ 6 July 2016 ■ 26/28

26 JS Irungbam et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e28

1 Hypsopygia postflava (Hampson, 1893) Pyralis pictalis (Curtis, 1834)*(Figure 14A) 66 2 Pyralis postflava Hampson, 1893: 43, 159, pl. 152, fig. 22. Asopia pictalis Curtis, 1834: folio 503 67 3 68 4 Materials examined. Not available. Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 viii 69 5 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India, Sri Lanka (Hampson 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 70 6 1896a). Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), Far East, China, Australia, 71 7 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Hong Kong (Caradja and Meyrick 1933; Kendrick 2002). 72 8 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 73 9 Lamoria virescens Hampson, 1898*(Figure 13F) 74 10 Lamoria virescens Hampson, 1898:97 Sacada pallescens Hampson, 1896a 75 11 Sacada pallescens Hampson, 1895:171 76 12 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 viii 77 13 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Gelephu, 8 vi 2014 (K. Materials examined. Not available. 78 14 Wangdi)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, North East India (Hampson 1896a; 79 15 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Gelephu), India, Sri Lanka. Yamanaka 1995). 80 16 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 81 17 82 18 Loryma recusata (Walker, 1863 [1864]) Sacada pyraliformis (Moore, 1879) 83 19 Beria recusata Walker, 1863 (1864): 62 Danaka pyraliformis Moore, 1879: 71, pl. 3, fig. 10. 84 20 85 21 Materials examined. Not available. Materials examined. Bhutan 2_, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 viii 86 22 Distribution. Bhutan, Nepal, India, China, Thailand, W. Malaysia, 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 87 23 Singapore, Hong Kong, Sumatra, Java, Brunei, Sabah, Borneo, Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), Nepal, North East India, 88 24 Swarak, New Guinea (Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1994; Myanmar, Thailand (Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1994; 89 25 Kendrick 2002). Yamanaka 1995). 90 26 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Remarks. Adults are easily attracted to artificial lights. Sacada 91 27 have 30 or more species in South East Asia and 115 or more 92 28 Macna pomalis Walker 1859a worldwide (Robinson et al 1994). 93 29 Macna pomalis Walker, 1859a:78 94 30 Toccolosida rubriceps Walker, 1863 95 31 Materials examined. Not available. Toccolosida rubriceps Walker, 1863:14 96 32 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Malacca, Singapore, West Malaysia 97 33 (Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1994). Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 20 viii 98 34 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), 12 ix 99 35 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 100 36 Omphalomia accersita Swinhoe, 1894b Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu), Nepal, India, 101 37 Omphalomia accersita Swinhoe, 1894b:140 China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Java, Brunei, Sabah, Swarak, Kalimantan 102 38 (Hampson 1896a; Robinson et al 1994; Yamanaka 2000). 103 39 Materials examined. Not available. Remarks. Mostly adults are attracted to light. Six or more species 104 40 Distribution. Bhutan, India, Thailand (Hampson 1896a; Robinson occurs in South East Asia. 105 41 et al 1994). 106 42 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. Vitessa suradeva Moore, 1860*(Figure 14B) 107 43 Vitessa suradeva Moore (1860): 299, pl. 7a, fig. 7 108 44 Orybina flaviplaga (Walker, 1863b)*(Figure 13G) 109 45 Oryba flaviplaga Walker, 1863b:11 Materials examined. Bhutan 4_,3\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 110 46 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 111 47 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang), Nepal, North East India, 112 48 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1_,1\, Damphu (Tsirang), South India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Island, Myanmar, China, Thailand, 113 49 12 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu Borneo (Hampson 1896a; Yamanaka 1995). 114 50 (Bhutan). Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 115 51 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Damphu), Nepal, North East 116 52 India, Myanmar, W. Malaysia, Sumatra, Brunei (Yamanaka 2000). Zitha rosealis (Hampson, 1896a) 117 53 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Tegulifera rosealis Hampson, 1896a: 153. 118 54 119 55 Orybina plangonalis (Walker, 1859c)*(Figure 13H) Materials examined. Not available. 120 56 Scopula plangonalis Walker, 1859c: 790e791 Distribution. Bhutan, North East India (Hampson 1896a). 121 57 Remarks. The species was not found during the study. 122 58 Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 123 59 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Langthel (Trongsa), 30 iii Zitha torridalis (Lederer, 1863)*(Figure 14C) 124 60 2014 (K. Wangdi); 1_, Gelephu (Sarpang), 20 ix 2013 (J.S. Irungbam Asopia torridalis Lederer, 1863: 342, 457, pl. 6, fig. 15 125 61 and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 126 62 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Langthel, Gelephu), North Materials examined. Bhutan 2\, Mendrelgang (Tsirang), 18 ix 127 63 East India, Thailand, China, Taiwan (Wang and Kishida 2011). 2014 (J.S. Irungbam and M.S. Chib); 1\, Dagana, 30 iii 2014 (J.S. 128 64 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. Irungbam and M.S. Chib)-coll. IRCC, Thimphu (Bhutan). 129 65 130

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1 Distribution. Bhutan (Mendrelgang, Dagana), Nepal, India, Cramer P, Stoll C. 1780e1782 (“1782”). De uitlandsche kapellen, voorkomende in de 66 2 Myanmar, China, Korea, Japan, Java, Hong Kong (Caradja and drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America [Papillons exotiques, des trois parties 67 du monde l’Asie, l’Afrique et l’Amerique], vol. 4. S. J. Baalde and B. Wild, 3 Meyrick 1933; Robinson et al 1995; Kendrick 2002; Lee and Bae Amsterdam and Utrecht. 1e28, pls 289e304 (1780) (by Cramer); 29e90, pls 68 4 2007). 305e336(1780), 91e164, pls 337e372 (1781), 165e252, pls 373e400 (1782), 1e 69 5 Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Bhutan. 29 (1782) (by C. Stoll). 70 Curtis J. 1834. British Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of 6 insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature 71 7 Discussion of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon 72 8 which they are found. London: John Curtis. 73 Easton ER, Pun WW. 1996. New records of moths from Macau, Southeast China. 9 With regards to the Pyraloidea fauna of Bhutan, there is no Tropical Lepidoptera 7:113e118. 74 10 consolidated work. In the present study, the authors have tried to Fabricius JC. 1775. Systema entomologicae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, 75 species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Germany: 11 bring all the scattered information together considering the ma- 76 12 Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae. 77 terials which were also not available during the study to get an up- Fabricius JC. 1787. Mantissa Insectorum sistens species nuper detectas adiectis syno- 13 to-date account of the Pyraloidea fauna of Bhutan. The results are nymis, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus. Germany: Christ. Gottl. 78 14 mainly based on the collections brought from different districts of Proft, Hafniae. 79 15 Fabricius JC. 1794. Entomologica systematica emendata et auctEa. Secundum classes, 80 Bhutan by the authors during 2013 to 2015 and also include the ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. 16 published records to prepare a consolidated account on the families Germany: C.G. Proft et C.F. Mohr, Hafniae et Kiliae. Q7 81 17 Felder C, Felder R. 1862. Observationes de Lepidopteris nonnulis Chinae centralis et 82 Crambidae and Pyralidae from Bhutan. Prior to the study, 73 species e 18 Japoniae. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 6:33 40. 83 under 68 genera are recorded from Bhutan (Hampson 1896a). The Felder C, Rogenhofer AF. 1875. Heterocera. In: Felder CR, Felder, Rogenhofer AF, 19 present study added 109 species which gives a total of 182 species editors. Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 84 20 under 127 genera records of which 92 species are new records for 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoo- 85 21 fi logischer Theil. Wien: Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei. 86 Bhutan. This list is the rst of its kind for the country. Geyer, 1833. Zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge, Vol. 5 1833e1837 in 22 Hübner, Zuträge. Samml. exot. Schmett.5:[1e3], 4, [5], 6e52 (1837): pl. [138e 87 23 151], f. 801e880(1833): pl. [152e172], f. 881e1000 (1834e1836). Q8 88 Uncited reference 24 Guenée MA. 1854. Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In: Boisduval JBAD de, Guenée MA, editors. 89 Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptères 8 8. Paris: Roret. 25 e 90 Q17 Hampson, 1894, Hampson, 1896b, Swinhoe, 1887. pp. 1836 1858. 26 Hampson GF. 1891. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri district. In: Illustrations 91 27 of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British 92 e 28 Acknowledgments Museum. London: Order of the Trustees, London. pp. 139 156. 93 Hampson GF. 1892. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Myanmar. Moths 29 Vol. I. London: Taylor and Francis. 94 fl 30 The authors are thankful to Mr Peter Smetacek, Butter y Hampson GF. 1893. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. In: Illustrations of 95 31 Research Centre, India, and Dr Roger Kendrick, C and R Wildlife, Tai typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British 96 Museum. London: Order of the Trustees, London. pp. 157e176. 32 Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China, for their help and sugges- 97 fi Hampson GF. 1894. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Myanmar. Moths 33 tions during the identi cation of the specimens. We also thank the Vol. II. London: Taylor and Francis. 98 34 Bhutan Trust Fund for Environment Conservation, Thimphu, for Hampson GF. 1895. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Myanmar. Moths 99 providing financial assistance for the field visits and equipmen, and Vol. III. London: Taylor and Francis, London. 35 Hampson GF. 1896a. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Myanmar. Moths 100 36 the National Biodiversity Center, Thimphu, for coordinating the Vol. IV. London: Taylor and Francis. 101 fi fi 37 entire project. The rst author also thanks Rufford Foundation Hampson GF. 1896b. On the classi cation of the Schoenobiinae and Crambinae, two 102 (17023-1), UK and Czech Science Foundation (GA CR; 14-36098G) subfamilies of moths, of the family Pyralidae. Proceedings of the General Meet- 38 ings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1895:897e974. 103 39 for partially supporting the project and during the preparation of Hampson GF. 1898. The moths of India. 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