THE HA RDYS OF BARBON

AN D SOME OTHE R W E STMOR LAN D

STATE S MEN : THE I R KI TH

KI N AN D C HI LD E R

BY C H A R LE S FR E D E R I CK H A R D Y

E D I TOR OF B E N E N D E N LE TT E RS

Ha il n a nn rs su re de ence , a cient M e I f ,

Wh ere the su rvi e o wholesom e laws y v , f Remnan ts oflov e whose m odest sens e Thus i n to narrow room w ithdraws

Ha il usa s ristine m ou ld , ge q , A nd e that uard them Moun tains old I y g ,

WORDSW ORTH .

LON DON

LTD CON S T AB LE A N D COMP A NY .

1 9 1 3 ’ I I est de ces hommes aux queIs rien d humain ne dem ut e é ran oursui re des echerches dans un e t ger. P v x but donné et rencon rer cc faisan des nou eau su e s t , t, v x j t ’ d é ude c est ainsi ue cet umanis e se ai é om er t , q h t pl t

— - B ses oisirs. D B . . l . PREFAC E 1 1 3 561 2

OVED by a very trifling occasion some thirty

a a o I a ye rs g set out to discover wh t connection , an m a a if y, existed between y ncestors in the m le line a and a certain coat of rms . The enquiry soon resolved itself into the tracing upwards of a pedigree which our oldest family traditions carried no further back than a a h and the l tter p rt of the eig teenth century , in the — result gave a fairly decided answer in the negative a at a to the question of rmorial bearings . But the s me time it revealed unexpectedly an outline of family a a and history going b ck to e rly Tudor times ; this , put into the shape of a pedigree with bare references to a and a and a a a d tes uthorities few expl n tory notes , was printed privately in 1 888 as a matter of purely

family interest . In the course of many subsequent rambles over the a a a s me ground v rious clues c me to light , suggesting further researches into topics of less limited interest ha a and t n mere gene logy ; the present work , being a a a l a a the fruit of these rese rches , is n tur l y of somewh t

a a a . has r mbling ch r cter One obj ect , however, been l kept in View throughout , though doubtless fo lowed with only questionable constancy : to illustrate in actual detail the lives and limited surroundings of the people v i Preface

a a r who form continuous ch in in the pedig ee , such surroundings being common to them and their con

a h and the a h tempor ry kit kin , but for most p rt idden in obscurity . To the great stream of history

W ere sa es eroes kin s ofev er c ime h g , h , g y l , W e me in the too s ron e s ofcurren ime h l d t g d pth t t , N eath the slow - rolling waters tranquil sleep the little backwater of Westmorland has yielded but a a and a are the a tiny tribute of hum nity, d rk c verns and recesses into which have filtered down the small fragments of mortality whose existence it is here sought to clothe with a semblance of life . a a a a But , to ch nge the met phor , it is but t me expedition where the route is always in full View of a a a the explorer . In the pursuit of the tr ces of f mily at a and whose origin is unknown the st rt , the profit the enj oyment of the enterprise depend much upon the difficulties encountered and the unexpectedness of

as a a a . the result , e ch one is tt cked or circumvented For I would ask the reader to bear in mind that in the main the course of the following chapters is the reverse of that in which the actual work was done . a The story , which opens midst the echoes of the Border warfare and ends in the precincts of the City a and of London , h lf smothered by the smoke dust of

a a was a the dv ncing nineteenth century , , in f ct , a a a a tr ced from beginning in the folios of H sted , M it a and a a l nd , the rest of their topogr phic l brethren , in Preface an a h a and tmosp ere redolent of le ther bindings , followed onwards through many a dreary and stuffy fi a a register of ce , till it emerged midst the d les , the

and air the W a . becks , the inspiring of estmorl nd fells a a a Even here one is reluct nt to b ndon the pursuit , for the question of coat - armour is perhaps the only a thing finally disposed of . If we could but go little

h a h u a book a furt er b ck , s o ld we not be ble to on to

a a eh a a a Pl nt genet b e ded for high tre son , or to notorious

moss- trooper who was more successful than some of his fellows in robbing the Scots of their sheep and oxen But what I regret is not the want of personal dis

Far tinction in our ancestry . from it obscurity itself m I a a a a . W a y be virtue h t do l ment , to ch nge the

a a as a a I a met phor once more , is th t , sportsm n , c nnot

a a x a a a imp rt to the re der the e hil r tion of the ch se , known to those alone who have picked up the scent a and a of the g me on the ground itself , h ve followed it up hill and down dale now running easily across the a i and open , now p infully struggl ng through coppice t and ma and a undergrow h , now with p comp ss noting

’ a and a one s be rings the fe tures of the country, or

’ ba a a . a all leisurely t king stock of the d y s g For , fter , it is but to a display of dead specimens that the reader is invited and if he complains that they are nothing

and and a at a I can but skin bone , commonpl ce th t , but reply that some pains have gone to their selection

a are a i th t the skins , though stuffed , bsolutely genu ne , and that the skeletons are fitted together bone by viii Preface

bone as nearly as possible as they were before dis

section . In the backgrounds and attempts at simu a a a a a a a l ting the h bit t of the f un , where the n tur list a I a a a is most li ble to err, h ve preferred to be fr gment ry a a r ther th n misleading . Opportunities for romance

’ I a a and as h ve left to the re der s own discretion ; , for

sa all a sentiment , let me y once for th t this little book is offered as a pious tribute to the virtues of my a and ncestors the Good Old Times . It remains for me to add that though I have en deav oured to cite as accurately as possible the ultimate a a a I ha uthority for every st tement of fct in the text , ve not always arrived at my authorities without friendly a a ssist nce in several quarters . Lord Shuttleworth kindly placed at my disposal a valuable ré sumé of the references to B arbon Manor gathered from the Public and a a Records , other useful inform tion rel ting to a and a pl ces loc l families has been given me by Mrs .

Grimeshill a a and Moore of , Miss M rg ret Gibson , the

. a a a Rev J mes H rrison . My ccount of the Kirkburton branch of the family would have been impossible t without he full information supplied me by Mrs . Frances Collins from her transcript of the parish registers subsequent to the period of her second a a a volume . Mr . Herbert Knocker m de long se rch for the information I wanted from the records of

a and a has i Seveno ks School , simil r help been g ven by

Mr . Freeman with reference to the books of the

’

W . a a a and . . C rpenters Comp ny , by Mr P Ev ns , with reference to those of the Clothworkers. All the Preface details derived from the records of the Archbishop

a are . a of C nterbury due to the Rev Cl ude Jenkins , d a a at a a a an . a libr ri n L mbeth P l ce , to Mr Fr nk Peile several items from the manuscripts of the late Dr .

’ a and a l Cam Peile , m ster histori n of Christ s Co lege , all I a bridge . To of these tender my renewed th nks and for their kindness courtesy . a a a I L st , but by no me ns le st , must mention my

a P . S . A friend Mr . Edw rd Conder, not only for his constant readiness to check and supplement my searches in the Kirkby Lonsdale registers by reference

own a a and to his tr nscript , but lso for numerous hints

sa suggestions on kindred topics , to y nothing of the enj oyment which his lively interest in such matters a has added to my l bours .

C ON TEN TS

PREFAC E

PA R T I

OU R TOPI C I N G EN E RAL

CHAPTE R I

K KB L RB T ST TE ME — aris IR Y ONSDALE , BA ON , AND HE A S N P h — — registers and wills Family history The Hardys o f — — — I 53 8 1 57 4 Westmorland Statesmen B o rder tenure — — — Border service Cro wn m ano rs Barbon manor Flo dden — — ’ Field B arbo n beacon J ames I s attack o n th e States — — men Litigation between lords and tenants Enfranchise ment o fthe tenants CHAPTE R II THE STATESMAN AT HOME IN THE SI ! TEENTH AND SEV EN — — TE RN I R CE NT U RI E S Wills and inventories Th e States ’ man s d e lin — G enera arran em en — The ouse fire w l g l g t h , , food furni ure s ee in a ar men s c o es cand es arks , t , l p g p t t , l th , l , , etc CHAPTER III — SOME TYPI C AL WILLS AND INV ENTORIES James Hardy of — — Casterton ( 1 59 4) His son Richard ( 1 60 5) Widow Agnes Hardy ofB arbon ( 1 60 5) CHAPTER IV

AT R 0- 6 o — aris oor U F M L ETC . 1 1 ILL STR IONS O WI LS , ( 55 5 ) P h p — — ’ b ox Pray e rs for th e dead Parson s invitation to his — — — funeral Barbon chapel Bridge s Arm s and armo ur i — i hat— Th e ] oint occupat on o f the homestead Shar ng a. — ’ — gramm ar scho o l A bache lor s le gacies A weaver o n a. — — small scale Earth to earth burial Th e chap e l and the — — poor Co mmittee for choosing a husband Heirlooms ’ — - Church seats se tt led by will A cro wner s quest A scape — ’ grace son The death s part o fan estate ! I Contents

CHAPTE R V PA G E W HO MAY V B A N D W HO W HARDYS HA E EEN , HARDYS ERE T T A ST TE ME — Offs o o s from ar o n NO , WES MORL ND A S N h t B b — — families R em o teness o f Barbon from Traffic Other — — — Hardys The nam e We sse x Hardys Gathorne Hardy CHAPTER VI — — ROLAND HA RDY Beckfoot and Terry B ank The Stockdales — — Sale o f Terry B ank to the C onders D evo lution of the Beckfoo t state

PA R T II

OU R PEDI G RE E

CHAPTER I

F T T U N I I — His ances ors IRS GENERA ION EDM D HARDY (d. 57 ) t - Connection with R o land Hardy CHAPTE R II — SE C OND GENERATION : ANTHONY HARDY ( 1 561 1 61 0) — — Elizabeth Middleton of Lupton Middle tons of Middle ton Ha — o a is s in Kirk Lonsda e— i son ard ll R y l t by l W l , W , eck B ouskell Sir ili us ra e Sir o n O a B , , Ph p M g v , J h tw y — — Middleton Hall Middle ton pedigre e Musgrave p edigree —A ice an a ene — Ric ard an a ene ar o f l Pl t g t h Pl t g t , E l Cambridge CHAPTER III

T : 1 60 8—1 68 2 THIRD GENERA ION WILLIAM HARDY , SENIOR ( ) — — — His wardro be in detail Early handwriting A retire d statesman CHAPTER IV

THE HEARTH - TA x RETU RN FOR 1 O7O - Houses and individuals identified in the Kirkby Lonsdale to wnships

CHAPTER V FO U RTH GENERATION : THOMAS AND EDW ARD HARDY 1 6 —I I o — A dea er in c o s ockin s and orses— A ( 43 7 ) l l th , t g , h hundred- guinea inventory Contents xiii CHAPTER VI PAG E FIFTH GENERATION CHILDREN OF EDW ARD HARDY— An e po ch I William Hard o ark House I 6SO—I 6 § . y fP ( 7 3) — — — Marriage Park House Wilson Of D allam To wer Return to — — B arbo n Enfranchisement Sale Of the Beckfoot state - Ingleton

2 ohn Hard o Kirkburton and his descendants § . j y f ( 1 68 8- 1 8 7 1 ) — — Village schoo lmaster and curate An absentee vicar A worthy arson th e Re v ose ri s— The cura e founds a oca p , . J ph B gg t l l fami — e o u ion o f B irks ate— o mas Hard anner ly D v l t g Th y , t — m n— om r o mas Hard en e a as Ha d Es . P . Th y , g tl Th y, q, L

T omas Hard o Mir eld 1 68 - 1 § 3 . h y f fi ( 3 739) CHAPTER VII

THE S IR C LS THE U RC — ra STATE MEN , THE S HOO , AND CH H Ext o rdinary number Oi ancient grammar schools in W estmor — and eir ori in and decay due to the c arac er and l Th g — h t disapp earance Of the Statesm en Younger sons Of S tates — men as scho olmasters and clergym en Kirk by Lo nsdale — - school The Statesman breed in Otway and Hogarth CHAPTER V III

I ! I IV IS : HILD R OF ILLIA S TH GENERAT ON , D ION I C EN W M HARD Y OF PARK HOU SE

I T omas and ohn Hard o Leadenhall Street § . h j y f and their children ( 1 7 1 6- 1 8 0 4) o n Hard musician and ard areman— The rea fire in J h y , h w g t the i — omas Hard car en er and ard arem an C ty Th y , p t h w ’ il — Mr ris ian Hard — A do nf St r orn s. a . e e s P t , C h l Ch t y w ll

2 ose h Hard o S utton Valence 1 2 - 1 86 § . j p y f ( 7 3 7 ) ’ At ris s o le e ambrid e— At Su on a ence—The Ch t C l g , C g tt V l — - — B riggs family The Old schoo l house A specimen pluralist

Edward Hard 1 1 —1 6 § 3 . y ( 7 4 79 ) — — Marriage Assistant master ofSev enoaks School The C urt eis — - family A warming p an at S ev enoaks Archiepisco pal patronage CHAPTE R I !

SI x TH E RA I V IS D E H S G NE T ON , DI ION II CHIL R N OF T OMA 1 1 —1 — i iam Hard rec or HARDY OF MIRFIELD ( 7 9 779) W ll y , t — h ofEastwe ll J ohn Hardy OfB ri dge Place His catalo gue o f cousins Contents

CHAPTER X PA G E SEV ENTH GENERATION : CHILD REN OF JOSEPH HARDY — — — Kin s — o 1 1 1 8 2 nfan m or ali Mrs. e se ( 75 3 ) I t t ty g l y J ph , — ’ — chaplain at Kno le G eorge s youthful marriage Enters the — Excise Oth ee Dies in harness CHAPTER XI

I G RA I I R G HI S HI E HTH GENE T ON : . GEO E HARDY AND C LDREN

— - — ( 1 78 9 1 89 2) N orthern city suburbs in 1 78 8 The Curtain — — and Ho lywe ll Mount Ditchside Th e Old Artillery ground — G eor e S ree B et na G reen— Ho on S uare— or on g t t , h l xt q N t — — Folgate A garden wall Sp italfields and the Lonsdale Magazine

2 S a § . tr y C ousins

r Har — riss Kin s e Hen y J . dy Ch y g l y APPENDIX I

oor House o ders ofB arbon 1 60 P h l , 5 APPENDIX II

The Hear - Tax is s for Midd e on B arbon and as er on th l t l t , , C t t , 1 6 0 i modern o u a ions 7 , w th p p l t

APPENDIX III Tenants ofB arbon manor in 1 7 1 8 APPENDIX IV Grandchildren ofGeorge Hardy ofthe Excise Office

I N D Ex I LLU S TRATI ON S

Sout ern ar ofthe ma ofW es mor and i the borders of h p t p t l , w th ' Lancas ire and o rks ire from an B aeu s G eo ra h Y h ( J l g phy , Ams erdam Frontis iece t , p

’ O utline plan o fa typical Statesmans Dwelling page 1 7

FA C I N G PA G E The Pack - horse B ridge at B arbon- beck - foo t (from a drawing by Laurence Hardy after a waterco lour by Florence Hardy) 46

Chart Pe digree

ie o f ark House uns a Lancas ire from the nor V w P , T t ll , h , th west (from a recent photograph)

Plan OfPark House

Tunstall Church (from an original drawing by Laurence Hardy) 9 2

Sutton Valence Schoo l and Almshouses in the early part o f the nineteenth century (from an old woo dcut)

Houses in S i a S ua e N or on o a e fro m an ori ina p tt l q r , t F lg t ( g l dra in Laurence Hard The indo - ars and the w g by y) . w w b hood o ver the doorway on the right are here restored by the artist

’ This map is a copy Of that in Speed s Theatre ofthe Empire of Great B ri ain 1 61 1 on h s me sca e but e er en ra ed t . is t e a , It l , b tt g v and co our d d re roduces the fo lo in errors made b l e by han . It p l w g y ’ ’ S eed s en rav er in co in the names from Sa on s ma o f 1 p g py g xt p 577 , ic i i r urro o e . O e B wh h s n a smaller scale : B urton for B urros ( . v w and N e er B urro ere the Leck oins the Lune Kirkb th w) , wh j ; y

Land i . L ek . all for Kirkby Launsdale ; and Leek for Leke ( e . e ) O r c S leelmere is the wise all three maps are practically identi al. ’ ’ Sa on s error for S ledme aeu s e is a u c rans a ion xt re. Bl t xt D t h t l t ' rom m s B i annia f Ca den r t .

PA R T I

TOPI C I N G EN ERA L nde N ow understo , l nde To W estmer a , W hich is my h eritag e I wyll you bryng The N ut- hrown Maid

[( irh Lons ale arbon and the tatesmen 4 éy d , B , S

B a and a . C sterton on the south , rbon between the two a Opposite B rbon , on the other side of the river , is

Mansergh . a a a a Kirkby Lonsd le , the n me of which indic tes a a an D nish or Norwegi n origin , possesses interesting church of which considerable portions are of the a Norm n period ; but in the other townships , which are a a now independent ecclesi stic l districts , there were formerly no places of worship but small chapels of

a . e se dependent on the mother church Consequently , a a at a though some of these ch pels , including th t B rbon , as a as a existed e rly the Reform tion , only those more a had a a am mar remotely pl ced licence for s cr ents , ria es and a and a a g , buri ls the inh bit nts of the others , including Barbon and both its neighbours on the left

' a a went for b nk of Lune , necess rily these purposes to the church at Kirkby .

as . a Thus , pointed out by Mr Edw rd Conder , a at a in the p rish registers preserved Kirkby Lonsd le , a at C a cluding tr nscripts of the entries the licenced h pels , a a a and a comprise the b ptisms , m rri ges , buri ls in the

a 1 8 1 8 1 2 . whole of the p rish from 53 to These records , which are the earliest source of any detailed informa a a are a tion bout our ncestors , , comp red with those of a a and most other p rishes , unusu lly complete well pre and a are served , excepting the Commonwe lth , there only two or three periods of a few years during which a a a entries h ve not been m de with f ir regularity . It appears from the frequency with which the n ame of Hardy occurs amongst the earliest entries that the

The Kirkby Lonsdale Parish Regist ers (Transactions of the C umberland and Westmorland A nti uarian and A rchaeolo ical S ociet q g y,

Vol. new series . V , , p Parish Regi sters 5 stock must have been settled in the neighbourhood for a a a m ny gener tions before the year 1 538 . In the e rliest a registers the n me is spelt in the northern form , ” a a ar and a H rdie , or r rely H de , l ter it becomes Ha d a a 1 r ye or Hardy . Going b ck from the ye r 574 to the commencement of the registers in 1 538 or a little a a a e rlier , which , llowing for two g ps in the registers of a a a a a four ye rs e ch , is period of bout thirty ye rs , we a a in find , with the ddition l evidence of the wills ,

ventories . a , etc , in the Richmond Archde conry Court , at least forty- two children were born to at least nine a a a a : lmost contempor ry H rdys , n mely Peter , Leo a a a n rd , Stephen , Rol nd , John , Edmund , Thom s , a h and a . Rich rd , J mes The t ird entry in the register a a a a of b ptisms is Willi m H rdy , son of Leon rd , on

1 1 8 . a are December 3 , 53 Pl ces of residence not a mentioned during the first hundred ye rs , but from later entries and the Richmond records it seems that all a a a the bove br nches belonged to B rbon , except a an was d a a . a who J mes perh ps Rich rd J mes , of a a the C sterton , seems to h ve been the youngest of

a 1 and 1 6. series , being m rried in 574 dying in 59 The Hardys of Barbon belonged to the class of as are a a a yeomen or , they c lled in Westmorl nd , st tes ” a a men , living upon the sm ll st tes which were culti v ated by the same family from generation to genera and a as tion , were held by the peculi r tenure known

a - a a Border Ten nt right . This is species of custom ry and a and freehold , seems origin lly more correctly to have been called tenancy by the custom of tenant a right . The ten nt could sell or dispose of the land i di a and a a l ke or n ry freehold , on his de th , in def ult of a l a a wi l , it descended ccording to the ordin ry rules 6 Kirhh ons ale B aré on and the tatesmen y L d , , S

a a a a of descent , except th t in c se of fem le heirs , inste d all a a of the sisters succeeding together in equ l sh res ,

the eldest took to the exclusion of the others . Another peculiarity was that the Widow- right was not

- a limited to one third of the income like ordin ry dower , a a a but extended in most c ses to h lf or the whole , a ccording to the custom of the various manors . The a had a lord of the m nor , however, cert in rights in the a a property , of which the fixed nnu l rent of little a more than nominal amount was the least import nt . On a change of tenancy by death or alienation the new tenant had to be formally admitted by the lord and to p ay him a fine equal to so many years old and a was rent , on the de th of the lord his successor a entitled to a similar fine . The mount of these fines was o a a a and n doubt origin lly rbitr ry , , only in the and a a a a course of time fter good de l of dispute , c me to be fixed by custom and so recognised by law as three years of old rent on a charge of tenant and two * a years on the death of the lord . The e rliest record I have found stating specifically the amount of a fine ’ a a 1 8 a at in B rbon m nor is in 59 , when nine ye rs rent

d. a a was a a zs. 5 ye r p id to Sir Rich rd Shuttleworth a the lord of the m nor , in respect of the tenement L and a of John Hardy. ) The timber r mel (smaller growths) were at the disposal of the tenant for re a i and p iring build ngs fencing , but he could not sell

Order in nc r 1 1 r rr d to The l r a e 6 efe e b e o . o d en Ch y , 9 , l w t ein a e d am oun in mone ecam e in course of ime ofscarce b g fix t y , b t ly more an nomi u th nal v al e . ‘ tS hnttleworth A ccounts 1 8 2 - 1 62 1 Chetham Socie 1 2 1 Tu , 5 ( ty) , p . . W e s a a e fur h er m en ion o f is o n Hard e o He is h ll h v t t th J h y b l w . th e only tenant at Barb on whose name I find giv en in the Shuttle worth A c oun s s r c t a p inted. Border Tenure 7

offh s a them or use them i est te , nor for building on the estate unless the building was reasonably suitable for * it . Another feature by which the Border tenure was ’ distinguished was the liability of the tenant s wife on

- a succeeding to her widow right . She p id no fine , but the lord was entitled to seize the best beast on the a a at ma property in the n me of heriot . This first y a a was seem somewh t out of pl ce , but it in origin a la a a as has p rticu rly ppropri te , will be seen when it

been explained what Border tenure further involved . The heriot was originally the military equipment furnished by the lord to the more humble class of a a a ten nt to en ble him to perform his milit ry duties , and as the widow was not capable of these services She ’ naturally had to return on her husband s death the a a was it— or milit ry equipment , or wh t there left of rather what there was supposed to be left of it for in later times it had probably never been furnished at all a or , if furnished , the horse would h ve come to be represented by the leather into which his hide had nd a a . been converted , the rms by pieces of old iron Hence the claim most frequently took the form of the ’ a and had a ten nt s best horse , if he not even decent

a l - a an was s dd e horse , the best be st of y other kind

substituted . Although the women of the Border did a a an a a not be r rms , they undoubtedly took ctive p rt in the labour of the farm even as late as the end of

' the eighteenth century . 1

H. Heelis B ar n o Kendal tc. um rland s . o e be A sociation W , y f , (C A d a me o ite nd i l or v nce nt L rature a S c ence Vo . . f f , IV , p H d n Westmorland as it as Lonsdal Ma azine V l o so W e o . 1 g , ( g , III) Adam rin Re t on the A ricul ure o N thumb l nd c e or t or er a et . P gl , p g f , 8 Kirhh onsda e arbon and the tatesmen y L l , B , S

’ The peculiar appropriateness of the widow s heriot to Border tenure is seen in the military service which was annex ed to I t and which continued a reality in the district adj oining the Scottish frontier long after h it ad sunk into desuetude elsewhere . According to this condition the tenants aged between 1 6 and 60 were to be at all times in their most defensible array a a for the w rs , re dy to serve their p rince upon horse back and foot at the West Borders of England for annempst [=for anent = as against] Scotland at their a a and da at own proper ch rges , so to be re dy night y the commandment of the Lord Warden of the West a a M rches for the time , being w rned thereunto by

a - fire a a and be con , post , or procl m tion , so there to ’ ” the a a continue during Lord W rden s ple sure . Border service was an obligation due in a certain

sense directly to the Crown itself, but the other a a and m nori l burdens , the rents , fines , heriots , were the the a al h due entirely to lord of m nor , t ough the a at a ha a a lord , in the c se le st of t t p rt of Westmorl nd a a which comprised B rbon , might theoretic lly be the ’ a h a a S a Crown s ten nt in rig t of cert in h re , vested in

the a a a . the Crown , of ncient b rony of Kend l In some a had a a c ses , however , the Crown ret ined the m nor in a and was h a and its own h nds , t erefore immedi tely “ solely entitled to the benefit of the manorial dues ; a al but of the numerous m nors in Kirkby Lonsd e ,

This full description ofB order service occurs I n a Parliamentary surv e of a moie of the B aron o Kendal ere ofore ar y ty y f , h t p t ” ofthe ossessions of ar es S uar deceased in ri ofthe ro n p Ch l t t , , ght C w , da ed Marc 1 8 1 6 0- 1 Ex che uer Au mentation O ice Records t h , 5 ( q g fi om r t th s m Westmorland N o . but the cus s e s a ed o e a e e ffec , t a t t t in the surve ys of 1 572 and 1 574 quoted by Nicolson and B urn

Westmorland V ol. . and in the ancer Order of Oc o ( , I , pp 45 Ch y t b er 2 8 1 61 I bid. . 1 et , 9 ( , pp 5 Barbon Manor 9

corresponding for the most part with the townships h a was l a into whic the p rish divided , two on y , C sterton

and . a Hutton Roof , were in this position B rbon , in a I I I was a the time of Edw rd , held by the f mily of and a Lascelles . According to Nicolson Burn it p ssed h a a subsequently (w en is not known) to the V ugh ns , a a a who sold it bout thirty ye rs l ter to John Middleton , l a l a a of Midd eton H l , who soon fter sold it to Sir Rich rd h a h a a S uttleworth , of G wt orpe , in L nc shire , Chief h ala i Justice of the C ester P tine Court , who d ed in 1 and 599, from whose brother is descended Lord * Shuttleworth , the present owner . It belonged to a at a as a as 1 88 as a a Sir Rich rd le st e rly 5 , ppe rs from ’ the remarkable series of Steward s Accounts of that

' family published by the Chetham Society . 1 In December of that year twenty pence was the one - third share contributed by him to the cost apparently of ai a and rep ring the Vill ge street , ten shillings were

d m n . V i r e Hi . l e a mb o . . 2 . s e s st West . a d Gu et s , I , pp 43 qq It th t t that it was th e subject o f a settlement by the Vaughan fami ly in the 23rd year of Elizabe th ( 1 58 0 which would make the sale t o Midd e on o u 1 8 1 - 1 1 1 Th u r m k the o ner in l t ab t 5 6 . e a tho s also a e w 1 0 th e rand- ne e o f the ud e ereas h e was in fac the 77 g ph w j g , wh t ’ - — - - - judge s great great gr eat great grand ne phe w (see the hi story of the fami Har and anne ed to the S huttleworth A ccounts re ly by l x , f rr d to e o r o idd e on e e . e a e a a en confused n b l w) Th y h v pp tly J h M l t , who died in 1 62 6 i his randfa er ofthe same name who died , w th g th , in 1 58 0 (see Visitation pedigree of1 664 and Richmond Archdeaconry W F r 1 0 i ls and who no dou so d ar on to Sir Ric ard. o l ) , bt l B b h 5 ’ y ears after the latt er s death it was he ld in succession by fiv e Richard

Shuttleworths who made confusion orse confounded . The essen , w ial error is ro a the da e ofthe au an se emen ic if t p b bly t V gh ttl t , wh h , it rea dea i B ar on was ro a da ed the second or ird lly lt w th b , p b bly t th o f izabe El th . e are com rised in o s V ! LI and V 1 Th y p V l . XXX , , XLIII , XL I ’ of the So cie s ub ica ions and edi ed b o n Har and ty p l t , t y J h l ,

P . S . A . I O [( irhh ons ale arbon and the tatesmen y L d , B , S allowed by him to his agents for the cost of holding a the m nor court . Numerous other entries occur from ' a a that the time to time , from which it ppe rs quit rent paid to the Crown as feudal superior was thirty

a - n shillings e ch half year . A considerable i come seems a a di to h ve been derived from the est te , inclu ng free ’ ’ and a a holders other ten nts rents , B rbon mill , the

a - a and a p rk , the sheep p sture , the s le of timber, but a a a there is no mention of m nor house . Sir Rich rd was then deeply engaged in the erection of the great mansion at Gawthorpe which was completed by his as successor . Thus we find such entries in October , 1 88 S a a m 5 , ixpence p id for getting letter from Ho by a and a man a to B rbon , two shillings to for bringing a a buck from B rbon to Smithills , residence of the

Shuttleworths while Gawthorpe was being built . a 1 1 ei hteen ence was a Ag in in June , 59 , g p p id to N oddall for his pains for coming from Barbon to ll and twa s . Nodda s O Smithills Both the the y , one was a f at a of whom , Geoffrey, the b ili f B rbon , were a a and ma a a f milies of loc l stock , we y rem rk in p ssing , a a a connected with the H rdys by m rri ge . Of the Border and its warfare so much has been written and is well known that very little need be said a here . Considering the remoteness of Lonsd le from a ma the usu l scenes of conflict , it y well be thought that our ancestors were not often called upon to ex

- a a how. ch nge the plough sh re for the bill or It is not , a a however , unlikely th t some of them took p rt in 1 1 a at 5 3 in the woeful defe t of the Scots Flodden , which was indeed rather a national than a Border a a a battle . The old b ll d supposed to h ve been written a a at out by schoolm ster Ingleton in Yorkshire ,

' 2 Kzrhh ons a e B arhon and the tatesmen I y L d l , , S

On the union of the Crowns of England and Scotland 1 60 a a in 3 Border service bec me , or r ther tended to and a o or become , obsolete King J mes seized the pp ’ tunity of attempting to confiscate his tenants property in the Crown manors of Westmorland by denying the legality of tenant - right apart from the obligation of a service in hostilities , which he procl imed were now a a a a thing of the p st . Litig tion in Ch ncery between a Wa had Ch rles , then Prince of les , on whom the King was 1 61 bestowed the Crown rights , compromised in 9 under an order of the court by a payment of £2700 to ’ a a the Prince , in consider tion of which the ten nts full a a al en custom ry titles were admitted . This n tur ly

" couraged the lords of some of the other man ors to a a a a and t ke up simil r position , but the ten nts met resolved to act together and resist a outrance. A proclamation by the King purporting to put an end to their rights was followed by another meeting and a a more emph tic protests . Proceedings on the p rt of the lords were then commenced in the Star Chamber . h a and at T ese were prolonged for some ye rs , length ma was a the tter referred for rgument before Lord Lee , a and a the High Tre surer, Sir Henry Hob rt , Chief was Justice of the Common Pleas . Their decision ’ a a a a entirely in f vour of the leg lity of the ten nts cl im , as founded upon a valid custom and not depending * upon the continuance of Border service . T was his result , one is inclined to suspect , due not a altogether to legal considerations . The st tesmen showed a spirit of staunch resistance and a hearty a can determin tion to stick together , of which we find

The history of this m emorable dispute is giv en in full by

i on d urn m l ol . 1 e s . N co s an B West or and V . t l , , I , pp 5 qq L or ds and Tenants I 3

a a no evidence on the p rt of the lords . In f ct , j udging from the length of time over which the litigation was a a prolonged , it seems th t they must h ve proceeded

a a and a - a wa and a in hesit ting h lf he rted y, th t those who really desired to oust their tenants were but a a — a ma add sm ll minority mongst whom , we y , we see a no trace of the lord of the m nor of B arbon . Most of a a the lords , seeing to wh t lengths the st tesmen were a a a a prep red to c rry their resist nce , were prob bly by a no means desirous of decision in their own favour . a a as had King J mes , in encour ging the lords he did , no doubt some notion of obtaining an indirect benefit and a was out of their success , it is noteworthy th t it ’ not till after his death that the judges decision was pronounced . a orthumber Thus in p rts of the Border counties , N a am a and a l nd, Durh , Cumberl nd , Westmorl nd , the a da old custom ry tenure exists to this y, while in others it has been converted into freehold pure and a a a simple , or into freehold subj ect to fixed nnu l quit

a a - rent . In the c se of B rbon the thirty eight customary a a a a a 1 1 1 —8 ao ten nts , by deed d ted J nu ry 7 , 7 7 , i a qu red the freehold subj ect to v rious quit rents ,

ll 1 3 d. a a a . 2 mounting in to £ 5 4 per nnum , in con a a a a 1 00 sider tion of c pit l sum of £ 7 , for which the Richard Shuttleworth of that day also relinquished to them all his exclusive rights in the Barbon corn * a i a mill . As the demesne l nds wh ch he ret ined con ai l a a a a sisted m n y of p rk without m nsion house , the lord of the manor was very little in evidence at B arbon dr and fit a a at for the next hun ed y ye rs or there bouts ,

m v m ison ic r of B ar on a inde ed to the Re . a es Harr a I bt J , V b , for th e use o fa transcript ofthis dee d made byhim from the original . I [( irhh ons a e B arhon and the tatesmen 4 y L d l , , S the end of which period the present house of B arbon Manor was built high upon the steep Side of the hill a a looking down the Lune into L ncashire . In the me n a time B rbon has not been without its squire . There has been a Gibson of Whelp rigg for considerably more a a and a th n two hundred ye rs , the records of the f mily in the neighbourhood may be found some centuries a e rlier still . CHAPTER II

THE STATESMAN AT HOME IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES

E will now try to realise something of the personal circumstances of our statesmen ancestors in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries . Our chief material for this is found in the wills and the inventories of chattels preserved in the Richmond a a Archde conry Court , which en ble us not only to understan d pretty clearly their family arrangements as al a to the dispos of their property, but lso throw

many curious sidelights upon their mode of life . Of the Hardys of our own particular branch— the *— - an as ma a it Edmond Antony br ch , we y c ll no wills or inventories are now extant of earlier date than a a 1 676. Th t there were no younger sons to speci lly provide for would probably be a sufficient reason for a a a the law a not m king will , but llowing to t ke its course ; and perhaps no inventory was called for by as a a a the ecclesi tic l court , which looked fter the ch ttels , al when they were of very little v ue . It seems not unlikely that both these circumstances attended the a l a e r iest gener tions of our pedigree . On the other a ha h h nd , it is possible t t suc documents , though they

Or s ou d we e it dmund- An hon B ut as our ances ors h l Sp ll E t y , t emse v es cou d not ans er is ues ion C aim li er to eav e th l l w th q t , I l b ty l it o en p . 1 6 The Statesman at Home

a a a once existed , h ve been lost in the v rious ch nges of custody which the Archdeaconry records underwent before reaching their present resting- place at Somerset da a a House . To this y they h ve never been tr nscribed a i a a into reg ster , but exist only in their origin l st te a a a a of uthenticity , written necess rily upon sep r te a a a and a pieces of p per of v rious sh pes sizes , occ sionall a a and a a y somewh t dec yed mutil ted , but r rely to such an extent as to render more than a few words here and there illegible . The occurrence of words now a a a only recognis ble in the di lects , living or de d, of Scotland and the Border is perhaps the chief difficulty a about them to one versed only in ordin ry English . In the absence then of any personal records of Edmond and Anthony of Barbon we will make use a and of those which h ve been left by their kith kin , and our extracts from these may be usefully prefaced by an attempt to explain certain features of the ancient mode of life in the dales as we see it reflected in the still remaining habitations and the traditions recorded before the old state of things had completely passed * away . Let us present first a typical outline plan of the ’ statesman s dwelling . as ul a a The house , or we sho d c ll it in modern phr se,

- a a the living room , is the primitive p rtment which

My authorities for W hat fo llows on this topic are Westmor ' from h R v Mr Hod so s o o ra ic n land as it Was t e e . . n a a d , g t p g ph l ” i ion rin ed i ri i th is orica descr no es . s n e Lonsdale h t l pt , p t w th t by J B gg o l d r ri i i Remains T d Ma azine V . an e n ed n h s he Ol g , III p t l Halls o Westmorland and umberland b D r M W Manoria . . . f C , y a or u is ed b the um er and and W es mor and An i T yl , p bl h y C b l t l t ’ r h lo ic l o i Add s Evolu ion r d A c mo a S c e nd S . O t o qua ian an g ty ; a . y f For uncou ords d h N w the English House . th w I hav e consulte t e e E li l n e English and the ng sh Dia ect Dictio ari s. ’ The Statesman s Dwelling I 7

and h h once constituted the entire dwelling , w ic de velo ed a the a a the p l ter into b roni l hall . To this chamber for the private occupation of the master and was the a a mistress first ddition . The rel tive positions of the chamber and dairy were decided by the warmer

and a - a colder spects . The down house or cell r (which latter word originally had no underground significance

and a a - a f only me nt store pl ce) is the next o fshoot , and was used for the rougher operations of indoor

Do wn - h o us e

Ho us e .

Ch am b e r .

- A B C D forms the house fire. t r H is he hea th. m a m is the a eric or aum r ar e cu oard for food . Al . etc l b y, l g pb ,

as a and as as har work , such w shing brewing, well in a bour . g things belonging to the f rm , fuel , etc This a a a would be the pl ce for the kitchen in m nor house , ’ but in a typical statesman s dwelling most if not all

h - of the cooking would be done in the ouse fire . In some dwellings the mell- doors (the passage or place

the - midst the doors is merged in down house . h a Entering the ouse , we p ss on our right , extending a a a from A to B , the heck , p rtition re ching to the h h a a ceiling . On the ot er side of t is is long fixed se t 1 8 The Statesman at Home

a and a an with recept cles under it , perh ps oven next of the end wall . On the opposite side the hearth is a a a oak a and prob bly l rge chest , wonderfully c rved , a sconce (or high - backed settle) which can be drawn out and placed opposite the hearth and thus snugly

S - fire - a hut in the house (or ingle nook) , ne rly meeting a beam which runs across the ceiling along the line

BC j ust above it . a a The fire is of wood , roots, br cken , or pe t , not a a a a pl ced in recess , but l id on the open he rth . Across the chimney above it is fixed a heavy beam called the

a - a a - a r nnel b lk or r nnel tree , from which h ngs the

racken- a a - a a crook (liter lly ch in hook) , ch in furnished

a - can with pot hook , which be moved from link to link as the brass pot is to be raised or lowered over

. a are a a the fire On the he rth the tongs , perh ps

creshet fire - a a a a dl ( b sket) , but inv ri bly girdle (grid e) n a a a a d a br ndreth for m king bre d and cakes . The I s a flat a a a dl girdle circul r piece of iron with h n e , and the brandreth is a trivet which m ay support

a . girdle , pot , or kettle over or ne r the fire The bread and cakes as well as the porridge are of a a a a a a and o tme l . Whe t is gre t r rity only used for arval (inheritance - feast) bread in the ceremony of t a and a a a . a funer ls , perh ps Christm s The other gr in

- a as met with is bigg , otherwise beer b rley, which , the a a a a n me implies , is l rge kind of b rley chiefly used for a and a a brewing . The bre d c kes stored in the umbry , the great cupboard of carved oak at the end of the and ma a * house , it y be , built into the w ll opposite the

r Harrison has a s ecimen fro m a ouse in th e ad oinin M . p h j g da e of en ic co u d on b e remo v ed from the a ic it l D t , wh h l ly w ll , wh h

ar su or ed sa in it in two . p tly pp t , by w g

20 The Statesman at Home

h and a a breec es , stockings were of n tive fleece , liter lly nd a a a . homespun , woven by the Vill ge we ver His was a a a a shirt h rden , cloth m de of fine hemp or co rse fl ax had a a , which to be b ttled on stone to reduce ’ f its harshness . The women s clothes were of finer stu f ’ a and a woven into kind of serge , , like the men s , m de up at their own fireside by themselves or a travelling and tailor . Shoes clogs were made at home in the same way. Candles were of peeled rushes dipped in tallow or

- as an preferably hot bacon fat . The candlestick w upright pole fixed in a log and perforated at intervals as a a dl Was so to r ise or lower the c n e , which fixed on a piece of iron fitting into the holes and supporting

a a a a and - ordin ry t llow c ndles in socket , rush lights by means of a kind of pincers . a and and The rks chests in which clothes , food , oak other things were kept were of solid , put together a a and with wooden pegs in pl ce of n ils , , like the other

oak a a . furniture , would l st for gener tions Some of 1 6 0 1 20 these chests of the period from 5 to 7 , very a a a ha el bor tely c rved , ve come down to modern times and have changed hands at high prices . CHAPTER III

SOME TYPICAL WI LLS AN D INVENTORIES

ET us now take the record of James Hardy of Casterton as a type of the Lonsdale statesman at in fairly flourishing circumstances . The registers Kirkby Lonsdale give his marriage to Isabel Glover an a a a u 1 1 and ( old B rbon f mily n me) on J ly 5, 554 ,

a 22 1 6. his buri l on September , 59 The contents of his i a 1 1 1 and h ma w ll , which is d ted December , 594 , w ich y a a as a l lso be reg rded type , is to the effect fo lowing My body to be buried in Kirkby Lonsdale Church a d a . a an y rd Rich rd , my eldest son , to h ve the title

a - and ten nt right of my tenement , to him his heirs for a a a a ever , fter the de th of my wife Is bell ; she to possess ai * during her widowhood half my s d tenement . AS a at a to ch ttels , my wife to be no ch rge out of

- i i. e . a a her th rds [ her leg l one third sh re] , but the h a a and w ole ch rge for duties , etc to be m de done out

the - r and a ai of two thi ds , the rem inder of the s d two

is it is c ear from con em orar s a emen s in o er i s Th , l t p y t t t th w ll , w I r imes as according t o the custom ofthe manor ofBarbon . n late t

r v m u c r it see . R ord e e seems to a e een so e n e ain a ou . th h b t ty b t ( J F ,

T . V l. I ! w eri . mb . and estm. A n . S oc o ne s es rans . C u W t , , , p N ico lson and Burn say that the rule in the Barony of Kendal ic inc uded the manor of B ar on was for the ido to re ain wh h l b , w w t

t o is ma a e een in case s ere ere ere no c i dren . he wh le . Th yh v b wh th w h l I n other part s of Westmorland they say the rule was a half or a ir W ere th e nure has survi v ed t o modern imes the o e d . e th h t t , wh l

H H eli um . seems to be enera reco nised as the ri . . e s G b g lly g ght (W ,

8 . ibid. S oc. Advt. Lit etc Vol. . G Ga e , IV , p 9 ; t y , , XI , 2 1 2 2 Some Typ zcal Wills and Inventor ies

thirds to be equally divided amongst my four [younger] n a a d a . children , John , Edw rd , Alice , Jo n To Edward I give an almerie to Joan one great chest standing in the cellar to John one other great

- chest standing in the house fire . Richard is to p ay to John and Edward for

a e . greement of my tenement [i. as their portion

8 . a Charged on the land] 5 marks 65 . d ] piece ; a a a a th t is , 5 m rks when he h th t ken one crop of the

al - and a a a first h f tenement , 5 m rks when it sh ll ple se i ’ e . God he doth enter the whole [. on his mother s death or marriage] . To Richard I give the bed he now hath in his possession and the sconce in the house after the widow hood of my wife ; also after her widowhood one ’ d dd d ar a an tu w . e culter , one te m g y y [These

a - a a p rts of the plough ge r . The culter is the front bl de and the team is probably a chain for harnessing the th d a a . a a and w dd d w nim ls A tug is tr ce , y y (or y y ) seems to mean bound or furnished with withes . Per haps the whole thing was a pair of traces with a collar a vvickerwork and a as al a or h lter of , the s me is c led pair of togwethes in another Richm ond inventory quoted in the N ew English Dictionary under ’ To each of Richard s children I give 1 2 pence ; to each of the children of Edward my son - in- law

[whose wife was presumably dead] 20 pence . h My wife , to w om I give the rest of my goods , to a be my Executrix Robert Townson , Edw rd Atkinson

a and a . John J ckson , Leon rd Gibson to be Supervisors ar The last two are also witnesses . There e no a a a sign tures by m rks or otherwise , except th t of John a was at a Willi mson , who this time Vic r of Kirkby ames Har o Casterton I 6 2 j dy f , 59 3

a and a a a the Lonsd le , seems to h ve ctu lly written out whole document . ' the a ha The following is inventory of the test tor s c ttels , as al 1 6 his h : v ued on October 9, 59 , by four of neig bours

Corn and hay 2 mares 2 kye [cows] 1 wh e = y [ quey , heifer] a a 3 young be sts , one c lf 2 sheep Brass pot a 2 a C ldron , kettles , 4 p ns 2 a 1 a c ndlesticks , ch fer Pewter

- an a t a Frying p , girdle , br ndreth , cken and 1 a crook , p ir of tongs Ploughs and plough - gear Wheel [for spinning] Wood vessell 3 chests B edstocks

Almerie Bedding and 5 sacks Apparel 3 spades and 1 ax e a ai a and Bo rds , forms , stools , ch rs , c rs , all other husbandrygear One swine Hemp Peats Pullen [poultry] Lime and tathe [dung for manure]

Total [apparently wrongly cast] £28 24 Some Typ ical Wills and Inventor ies

a a a The debts due from the test tor , v rying in mount 1 8 0 h a from pence to 5 s illings, come ltogether to I S £5 5 . 1 1 d. the I n h as a A few of items the inventory , suc f rm ma a a stock , y be comp red with the prices of simil r things recorded about the same time at Gawthorpe a a and h a (L nc shire) ot er pl ces further south , where * a . they were gener lly higher Judging from these , the conclusion one would come to is that the values here assigned for purposes of administration are

a . decidedly, if not bsurdly, low And this seems to a a a h pply, gener lly spe king, throug out the inventories h h w ic I have examined . ha a a and h a Ric rd H rdy of C sterton , son eir of J mes , a a a his a h and was died only nine ye rs l ter th n f t er, t a a 1 60 . His buried Kirkby Lonsd le , October 5, 5 ’ will is in much the same shape as his father s . He ” a he S a his a directs th t h ll be buried with ncestors, and that his tenement Shall go to his eldest Son James . a h a and h To e c of his two younger sons , Edw rd Jo n , and a al he gives 1 0 marks 1 3s . ch rges the tot upon the two grasses which he has bought for ” as a a a that price in the Fell Close . [A gr s ( lso c lled beast - gate) was the right to pasture a beast on a was a a common or enclosed field . Here it prob bly stinted pasture field belonging to the lord of the ’ a a a his h a manor . ] If J mes f iled to p y brot ers leg cies they were to have the grasses subj ect to their paying ’ all a a . a dues to the King s M j esty for the s me C sterton , as a a a was the a lre dy expl ined, one of two Crown m nors in Kirkby Lonsdale .

t e u wo o bov e and E. oro d See h Sh ttle rth Accounts (qu ted a ) J . Th l R ’ ric u and P s. ogers s Hist. ofAg ult re rice Richar Har o Casterton 1 60 2 d dy f , 5 5

Another clause is significant of the careful character of the testator and also of the scarcity of money a ha his a mongst his class . He directs t t son J mes (then only about twenty- three years of age) is for four years to have no benefit from the inheritance but meat and clothes according to his st ate at the dis are a as cretion of four friends , who n med supervisors , because I would have my debts discharged fully ll and and . a truly He gives his goods , moneys , a moveables to his wife and d ughter . a a a a a He ppends list of his debts , which g in cont ins a touch or two of character : To William Rondson a l 1 0 a at a Ron ldson or Ro linson) £ , to be p id C ndle " mas next as may appear by a bond ; To the wife

a 1 . d. ai of Rol nd Rigg £3 3s 4 , to be p d the next Whitsuntide as may appear by a bill ; To James

Crosfield a 5 . , of Kirkby Lonsd le , £4 5 in respect of a a a and b rg in of wool , for other little reckonings I refer them to his good discretion To Christopher a a a Harling gs. ; To Willi m J ckson s I should h a the s. a remember , bout sum of 3 To T om s 6d and a a s. . G rnet , of C sterton , 4 for one crook [door hinge] to a house For any account or reckoning W a a and between illi m Moore , Nichol s Gibson myself,

I refer them to their setting down . This shows a state of indebtedness amounting to 20 h ma a a a man some £ or more , w ich y well h ve m de a a x o a d somewh t n ious , the whole of whose go ds n chattels immediately available for the purpose were

al at 1 8 . and had a v ued £33 s , who in h nd no coin a wh tever . Returning now to Barbon from Casterton we may

Wife is roba used ere as we s ou d use ido p bly h h l w w . ' 2 6 Some Typ zcal Wills and Inventor ies

a w a Ma 2 8 1 60 a t ke the ill , d ted y , 5, of Agnes H rdy , a a the widow , it seems , of son of Peter H rdy , who heads one of the B arbon branches enumerated in our

first chapter . Although the inventory of her effects Shows that she was carrying on a farm on a largish a a sc le , this must h ve been only under her widow right and consequently her will is entirely concerned with personal chattels and is rather a curious docu

ment . She gives to each of her godchildren 1 2d to each

- in- law a of the four children of her son , Rich rd Segs an and a a and a wicke (Sedgwick) , ewe l mb to e ch of a a a a and W a her serv nts , Willi m G rsd le Helen hitehe d ,

a sheep . Her eldest son John is naturally to have all hus a r a and all b nd y ge r timber , including wheel timber

and - an d other wood , but wood fit for cooper wood cooper - wood already b agged (cut in pieces) she

gives to her daughter Elizabeth . There is then an elaborate distribution of bedstocks

and a . bedding , chests , br ss pots , etc , between the

a and a . a a children John , Willi m , Eliz beth John n tur lly

a racken- - is to h ve the crook , tongs , counter dish a board (prob bly the prototype of the modern dresser) , all ai and and ch rs stools in the house , but he is to make his brother William a new chiste of the best and largest boordes in the house and furnish the same

emmers and a . with good j [hinges , gimmers] locke To her daughter Isabel she only gives the gowne I left at I ngmyre (in the adj oining parish of Sed

a . a bergh) , if she list to we r it But she is prob bly the as a Se swicke a same Rich rd g his wife , who is to h ve and I n m re was a 20 marks 65 . g y prob bly her

2 8 Some Typ ical hVi/ls and Inventori es

and a furnished with rings crooks , to h ng them by , 8 8 as a 1 5 . 6d. I presume) mounted to £ 7 , besides

d. 1 a 20 5 . £ 9 3 in debts , including £ 4 due on mortg ge f a was from Geo frey H rdy , who one of the poor house ” a i a a holders . The sc rcity o money in the dales is g in ’ curiously illustrated by the list of the testatrix s

d. . W a a a 1 3 . creditors To illi m G rsd le she owed £4 5 4 , ’

6s. a a and besides 5 for two ye rs w ges , to her other nd a d. a servant Helen Whitehe d 1 35 . 4 To her sister a 0 a three children she owed bout 2 5 . each . With reg rd ’ Garsdale s a a to w ges , which seem ridiculous comp red

a at 5 . a a I 8 with l bour 5 week , the price bout 5 3 it must be assumed he received in addition - board and a lodging gratis . He w s evidently something more ’ a a a a a th n mere serv nt , for on the de th of Agnes H rdy s eldest son John in 1 61 1 we find him again mentioned . an John gives him , besides ewe sheep , two closes of a and a l nd the ch mber he lieth in for his life ,

a a a d. and subj ect to nomin l ye rly rent of 4 , provides for his purchasing a share of a cow and a sterk (a l h he and young bu l , bullock, or heifer) in w ich the testator were partners .

8 2 o ers A riculture V ol. . 6. R g , g , V , p CHAPTER IV

U R V R FR — 6 Erc. 1 0 1 0 ILL ST ATI E EXT ACTS OM WILLS , , 55 5

AVI NG now dealt with a few cases typical of a ’ a s a as a st te m n s position whole , I will give in chronological order some short extracts from wills and inventories of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as a in order to fill up the picture , it were , with v rious

more or less curious details . There are very few a a a a records , perh ps not more th n h lf dozen , in the a a Richmond Archde conry collection , d ted before the a u a second h lf of the sixteenth cent ry , which rel te to

Lonsdale . An interesting selection from the records I prior to this period is comprised in Vol . ! ! V of ’ a a the Surtees Society s public tions , edited by J mes

a . a R ine , j unr but they lmost without exception relate to people whose circumstances were very dif nt a a fere from those of the Westmorl nd st tesmen . —A A MYD LETON 1 1 a . 55 , Febru ry 4 D M of Lupton gives directions that he is to be buried in my parish Lonesdall and a church of , beque ths to the poor ’ man s box at the said church 1 2 pence also to Sir a a a Robert Appleg rth , cur te of Kirkby Lonsd le , Dodsh n 1 d. and o e s. 2 3 4 , to Sir Robert , clerk , pence , desiring them in their prayers to commend my soul to a the mercy of God . It will be noticed th t this is in a the reign of Edward VI . The form of prob te endorsed a a as is unusu l , being in the n me of the King Supreme

Head of the Church . I tr tive Ex tracts rom Wi s t 0 us a e c. 3 ll f ll ,

— 1 6 a a 20 . R B G B a 5 7 , J nu ry O ERT I SON , p rson of a a St veley (ne r Windermere) , is to be buried in his parish church of Staveley before myne owine stawll a da in the choir . I will th t , the y of my buriall a a - and all a , be geven penny or h lf penny , th t ” ’ a a a offers to have dyner . One s reluct nce to le ve unmentioned the quaint charity of Sir Robert must be our apology for assuming his connection with

Barbon on the strength of his name of Gibson . 1 1 Ma 0 — H H R Y 2 . 57 , y Amongst the debts of JO N A D a a f are of B rbon , nnexed to the inventory of his e fects , ”

d 5. d a 2 5. an 22 . The ch pel , 5 The bridge , 4 This was a a - at prob bly the p ck horse bridge Beckfoot , a a a which we sh ll refer to l ter , not the ro d bridge in , a a B rbon Vill ge , the upper or over bridge , for the a a 0 amendment of which there is leg cy of 2 5 . in the a a a a 1 6 will of Leon rd Stockd le , d ted in the ye r 5 9, a a an a which we sh ll lso refer to below . In y c se , the expression over bridge is an indication of at least two bridges being at this time in existence . Nor is it unlikely that the B arbon beck was then also crossed

a . as a a by third Hodge Bridge , it now ctu lly exists , probably only dates from the construction of the

a - a present co ch ro d to Sedbergh , which crosses the heck half- way between the other two but a Hodge Brigg is mentioned in the enfranchisement deed 1 1 8 was a a a (already quoted) of 7 . This prob bly lso

a - a a i a p ck horse bridge longside ford, of wh ch tr ces a a and was a a a still rem in ne r the spot , p rt of highw y from Barbon to Hawkin and other houses in that

a - a as a a direction . The co ch ro d such w s prob bly a 1 80— 0 a constructed bout 7 9 . The e rliest evidence of 6 a a ma . its existence which I h ve discovered is p , No 7 , Roads Br idges A r ms and A rmour 3 1

' in the second volume of Paterson s B ritish I tinerary of 1 8 7 5, but it is not mentioned in the book itself nor in ’ any edition of Paterson s Roads before the twelfth It is then given as part of the road from 1 80 Lancaster to Sedbergh . In the next edition ( 3) it appears as part of the road from London to Kirkby had h a a Stephen , which hit erto been by r ther longer a wa route through Kendal . The origin l y up our side of the dale must have been more or less along the line of the higher road from Casterton which passes through a Barbon V ill ge . ’ If the mention of the over bridge in Leonard ’ a a a a Stockd le s will points to respect ble ntiquity, it is probably but modern compared with the still

a - at surviving p ck horse bridge Beckfoot , or with the bridge across the Lune near the end of the three or four miles of road which lie between Barbon and a Kirkby itself . Th n this bridge there is no work of man in Lonsdale more worthy of the surrounding loveliness of which Nature in that valley has been a far lavish . As its origin goes b ck no one knows how a a a e ma a beyond the Edw rdi n g , so y it be th t no one will ever know the end of its days

1 a 1 - A E B OUSKELL 573 , M rch 7 . The will of GN S , B ouskell a ai a be widow of Giles of C sterton , cont ns quest to the son of one of her friends of one j acke a a al a i a [le ther j cket] , one s et [ k nd of helmet] , with

- hand s rd i n tow [two] yd wo e . Besides th s the o ly mention of arms or armour I have discovered amongst a a an a the Lonsd le st tesmen is in und ted inventory , a a a a 1 600 pp rently of bout the ye r , of the goods of a B a Thom s ouskell of Barbon . This cont ins his sword and a a at a l and d gger, v lued with his s dd e bridle ive Ex tracts r m W t 2 I ustrat o i s e c. 3 ll f ll , at B ouskells b a a 45. The were connected y m rri ge a with the Stephen Hardy br nch . — M E S K L a 1 I O. 577 , June ATTH W TOC DA E of B rbon , a a a i a brother of Leon rd , lre dy mentioned , d rects th t his wife and his eldest son William Stockdale shall have all a and his l nds during the widowhood of his wife , “ a a if they c nnot gree to dwell together , which God are a a a forbid , they to bide the w rd of four of their nearest friends as to a division . The three younger n are 20 7 6 1 5. d. a a d sons given nobles ( 5 3 4 ) e ch , the hi three daughters on marriage £20 each . All the c ldren are to have meat and drink and come and go to my house until such time as they shall come to succour [means of To every one of my god ” a children whom I have christened lamb . ’ — R L H R Y 1 a . 579, M rch 5 The inventory of O AND A D S effects seems to indicate some rather complicated an a and f u a situation under intest cy , the di fic lty of a a division due to the sc rcity of medium of exchange . It includes His part of a chest His part in a silk hat and other gear 3 quarters of seed due to him of his uncle Robert Hardy and John Hardy 1 0 pecks of bigg seed due to him from the same . — H MYDLETON i 1 86 1 . O N 5 , July 4 J of Lupton d rects his wife and his 5011 Arthur to dwell together as long as they can agree the house I dwell in to be equally a divided between them , my wife to h ve the south end .

a 5 d. He gives to the free school of Kirkby Lonsd le 3 . 4 a at a and His best horse is v lued £4 ( high price) , two

8d. old horses at £1 65.

- H HAR Y a had 1 8 I . 59 , April JO N D of B rbon , who no children and left personal estate of the value of Divisions Funerals ; Weaving 3 3

i 1 8d. a h s 1 8 5. wh es £ 9 , g ve to sister two y (heifers) of the mild sort— neither of the best nor the worst to the inhabitants of B arbon towards maintenance of ’ at a 05 God s service our ch pel 4 . to little Robert Ustonson a s d. when loose of his pprenticeship 3 . 4 to Alice my maidservant two ewes to each of my

manservants a sheep . This seems to be the John Hardy in respect of whose tenement Sir Richard as a a a Shuttleworth received , lre dy mentioned , fine ’ of nine years rent on the change of tenancy by the ’ a a ten nt s de th . 1 a ar 1 1 — E E . a G 599, J nu y The funer l expenses of ORG HARDY of Carnforth in the neighbouring parish of a a as a a a W rton , L nc hire , cousin of the H rdys of B rbon , 1 He amounted to z d. is described as a webster a and a a (we ver) , is one of the few inst nces in these e rly a a wills of member of the f mily venturing into business . a But the inventory of his effects , of which the tot l

a 5 d. a was a w s 8 . a v lue £ 3 4 , shows th t he still p rtly h dependent on the soil for his liveli ood . He had d a a an 1 05. d 3 he d of c ttle , 3 sheep , poultry , worth £ 4 ha a at 1 5 . b rley ( per peck) , with y, hemp , etc worth nd ar 1 . a e £1 45 . od while his looms heddles put down

at 1 05 . a only However, it seems from l ter records a a a th t one of his sons continued in the s me occup tion , and there are traces of the family at Carnforth as late as 1 720 . In connection with the small sum paid for funeral ma a a expenses , it y be mentioned th t in this p rt of Westmorland it seems to have been not unfrequent even at the beginning of the eighteenth century to fi a a a bury without a cof n . It is s id th t the ncient custom as w suppressed by the admonitions of the Rev . D I ustrative Ex traets fom Wi s ete 34 ll f ll , .

lia was a a 1 6 Wil m Crosby, who Vic r of Kend l from 99 to 1 6 —At a ROB ERr A 1 601 Ma . , y the buri l of H RDY a f the younger of B rbon , whose e fects were worth 60 1 5 8d a £ 4 . but who seems to h ve left no will , there

a 1 5 . a 5 . a were p id 5 to the ch pel , 5 to the poor of B rbon , ffi an nd 8d. d a and £1 1 5 . to the o cer summoner for a m a was a a mortu ry . The ortu ry custom ry gift to fi a . was an the p rish church The summoner of cer , a a had prob bly of the Archde conry Court , who to find the person to whom should be entrusted the ad a ministration ofthe est te . 6 — 1 60 Ma I . A a a 5, y PETER H RDY of M nsergh , a a had township dj oining B rbon , who no children , gives his tenement to his niece Jennett H ardy on i a a a cond tion th t she sh ll be ruled by her f ther , a and a a Rich rd Moore , Edw rd B ines , my good friends , ” a - in choosing a husband . To e ch of his god children

a a a w a . l mb ; Christ bel his ife to h ve one cow , viz ” a - a the brocked [p rti coloured] cow , besides her h lf I a a of his goods . e rnestly request my good l ndlord ,

“ B rab n a a al Mr . y , not to dmit my niece nor him th t sh l marry her tenant of my tenement but under the con ” I almeri ditions of my will . will the e and the chist in the sellar shall remain at the house as heir a looms , my wife to h ve the use of them during widowhood . The niece Jennett was apparently identical with the a a a niece to whom Mrs . Agnes H rdy beque thed work N a a a dayhat and a garden smock . o tr ce of her m rri ge

Manners and ustoms o Westmorland a Li erar An i C f , by t y t uarian o n G ou re rin ed in 1 8 from the Kenda ronic e q [J h gh] , p t 47 lCh l of 1 8 1 2 .

6 Il ustrative Ex tracts r m W o i s etc. 3 l f ll ,

poor householders of Barbon mentioned by Mrs . a a a a a as Agnes H rdy , pp rently died violent de th , in ’ his widow s account of her administration she enters

d. For the Crowner 1 3s . 4 But it seems the ’ ’ crowner s quest was not occasioned by a case as a at al of suicide , his buri l is entered Kirkby Lonsd e f 8 t 5 . 6d. al wa . a a in the usu y His e fects were v lued £33 , and a his debts , including £3 due to our ncestor Anthony a a a H rdy, nother poor householder, mounted to had hi 2 25 . £ 3 He four c ldren , of whom the eldest was a and only twelve ye rs old , consequently his widow had to give a bond with two sureties in £40 for their

a a . . educ tion , with me t , clothing , etc , during minority a a a Geoffrey Stockd le of B rbon , yeom n , one of the a a sureties , signs his n me in h ndwriting which looks extremely respectable amongst the humble marks

af b a . a fixed y the other p rties The Stockd les , though a as a a cousins of the H rdys , were , we sh ll see l ter , somewhat their superiors in wealth and station . a a a The description yeom n , in f ct , implies th t he a an held his land s ordinary freeholder . —I n G YD ON 1 608 28 . O M DLET , June the will of GE R E a of Lupton And for my son John , I protest he h th had his portion sevenfold and more in charges I have at and a been for him , therefore I will ssign him no more portion of my goods . — f 1 61 8 1 . a OH , November 4 The person l e fects of J N L O A kri a MIDD ET N of y gg End , Lupton , mounted to the

a 1 0 I S . d. a l rge sum of £ 9 4 , including one item very r re a and 1 0 in the d les , gold money , £ . Twelve stone of a at 6 and a wool is v lued £ , debts due to the dece sed 61 8 d a 5 . . a a a mount to £ 4 He died intest te , le ving and and a a e widow two sons, the l tter being under g ’ Guardians/zips tlze Deal/2 s part 3 7 the widow filed in the ecclesiastical court a carefully a a a a al prep red ccount of her dministr tion . The v ue a a a all of the person l est te fter deductions , which u a and 1 05 . a include £5 for f ner l expenses for mortu ry,

8d. is £223 1 95 . The division of this balance illus trates rather neatly the state of things before the passing of the statute of Charles II for the distribution ’ of intestates effects . Under that Act the personalty would be divisible equally between the widow and a a had two sons , notwithst nding th t the elder son

a as - - l a succeeded to the l nd heir at aw . The ccount a a i a al . does , in f ct , show div sion into three equ p rts ai w a One third is ret ned by the idow ; nother third ,

8d. a a ial less 1 1 5 . for his tuition (prob bly n oflic a n and re fee) , is ssigned to the you ger son ; the maining third is called the deathes parte . This the widow prays may be divided between her and the n you ger son , John , Arthur the elder being preferred an [advantaged] by land worth £20 . It seems from endorsement on the inventory that this was sanctioned by the court . — H a 1 6 1 a . O O as a 4 , Febru ry 4 J N C NDER , ppe rs by ’ a h 1 6 6 had an a his f t er s record in 3 , inherited unusu lly a a a had l rge est te in Kirkby Lonsd le , whence he a an a a migr ted into Ingleton , dj oining p rt of York had as a i . sh re His wife predece ed him , le ving him a three children all under age at his de th . In these a a a circumst nces , whether ccording to feud l principles a i al or otherwise , the duty of dmin stering the person estate was entrusted to the lord of the manor of Ingle M a r. ton , Robert Lowther, who gives to the Court 00 as a m a bond for £4 security for due d inistr tion , his Readman a alias sureties being Sir John (Redm yne , 8 ati r m I ustr ve Ex t acts ro Wills etc. 3 ll f ,

a a a . d Redm n , lord of the m nor of Thornton , which l l j oins Ingleton) and Mr . John Midd eton of Midd eton Hall (lord of the manor of Middleton in Kirkby

Lonsdale) . Conder probably had property in all three manors . The seals on the bond are impressed re s ectiv el a 2 and a a and p y with six nnulets (3 , , h nd ,

a a M. monogr m of J . the a his a was a Robert Lowther , by rms on se l , of a a a br nch of Lowther of Lowther , f mily too well a known to want further mention here . This br nch had held the manor of Ingleton for two or three genera * a tions . Sir John Redman was the father of M j or a a a a was John Redm n , st unch roy list , who the owner a was n of Thornton H ll when it blow up by Cromwell , ' The a and w hose tomb is in Thornton Church . 1 rms a a of Redm n were gules , three cushions ermine , t sselled ‘ or a a was q. A red h nd (whence the se l) , I presume , a a an a a only badge . The r ce was ncient one sc ttered widely in these parts . Of the Middletons of Middleton a H ll we have more to say below . Their arms were

a a a a a . rgent , s ltire engr iled s ble

a ders on I n leton . . B l t , g , p 95

i 2 6 B ders on I n leton . 1 0 1 . H. S e raven etc. . a T p ght , C , , p 4 l t , g , p

I . 2 2 et s . B ell i m l nd C urch N otes V ol. I as s, West or a h , , pp qq

See The Redmans o Levens . G reen ood F. 5 A S C OT. f , by W w , CHAPTER V

HARDYS OUTSIDE WESTMOR LAND

EFORE leaving the subj ect of B arbon families a ma a a in gener l , it y be rem rked th t such pedi grees as can be traced from parish registers and local wills are necessarily confined almost entirely to the a a a head of the f mily nd his immedi te descendants . In such a primitive state of things as prevailed in Westmorland in the sixteenth and seventeenth cen — — tut ies and indeed long after there was little or no ’ scope in one s native place for any expansion or change of fortune . The history of a family of statesmen is mainly the history of the descent from generation to generation of the few paternal acres which formed a a a homeste d for single household . To this the eldest son succeeded , while his brethren received sums of money which would take them in search of an occupa a a as a dif a tion , perh ps the s me or perh ps ferent from th t a a a of their ncestors , into p rt of the kingdom which , a a though not dist nt ccording to our modern notions , was then practically beyond the reach of all ordinary communications . a as I tinerarium Kirkby Lonsd le , it seems from the ’ An lia O ilb s ea - a and g , g y gr t route book with m ps a a ri a a el bor te desc ptions of the princip l ro ds , published in was only accessible by a road which led

The ori ina i e seems to a e b een B ritannia Volume the g l t tl h v , F r i st, etc. ’ 4 0 Har dys Outsiae Westmor land

a nowhere else . He gives no account of this ro d beyond mentioning the point at which it branches out of the main road from Lancaster to Settle and York . By a a a this br nch ro d , which follows the left b nk of the al Lune , Kirkby Lonsd e is eight miles from Hornby or a eighteen from L ncaster . Going in the opposite a a a at a a direction one le ves the m in ro d Cl ph m , whence a e the dist nce is el ven miles , or from Skipton eighteen a and was but this ro d is not noticed by Ogilby , , I

a a - a suspect , in his time little better th n bridle tr ck a a cross the moors . Beyond Kirkby the ro d now

a - a a continues in north westerly direction to Kend l , a are dist nce of twelve miles , of which the first eight engineered along a winding course over what is still to a large extent a wild and rugged district of moor and h a fell . T is ro d was made under a Turnpike Act of

1 26 . ca 753 ( Geo II , p . before which the route must have been for the most part a mere track for

- a 1 82 . p ck horses . The Milnthorpe road dates from 4

But Barbon lay on the other side of the Lune . To reach it you would leave the road from Hornby at a B and Kirkby Lonsd le ridge , , without crossing the at all river or going into Kirkby , follow for three miles a a a a a a al now tr ck , now n rrow l ne , p r lel with the left

a a a . b nk long the side of C sterton Fell Beyond this,

a and a was . th t is to the north e st , the wilderness indeed The road from Carlisle to Newcastle is the only one noticed by Ogilby which would cross a bee - line of 1 1 5 miles drawn from Kirkby Lonsdale to Berwick—on * - was Tweed . Even in the hey dayof posting there but

a - a a a one other m il co ch ro d , th t going from Penrith to a a and a Gret Bridge , between our d le district which in

’ S r ee fo instance Paterson s Road B ook of 1 8 24 . ’ Remoteness of Upper L onsaale 4 1 the middle of the seventeenth century was the happy

- - hunting ground of the moss troopers of the Border . Thus of the natives who left B arbon to earn their livelihood elsewhere there must have been few who a a and did not bid long f rewell to their kith kin . In a very few generations the descendan ts of a man thus placed out of touch with his home would naturally all a a a and lose tr ce of their ncient f mily connections , perhaps not the less readily because he had been a f voured by good fortune in his new surroundings . It may therefore be conjectured that a large number of the Hardys who have flourished in various parts of al a are the country , especi ly in the North of Engl nd , descendants of the B arbon or Casterton statesmen a a a r ce of whose existence they have never he rd .

a a i . Of course , the n me itself is no indic tion of kinsh p It may have originated independently as a surname in any number of individuals not living in the same n a an commu ity . There is the Wessex f mily , for inst ce , al a a a a of which Admir Sir Thom s M sterm n H rdy , the and a friend of Nelson , it is lso to be supposed the

a are . f mous writer , illustrious members They were probably of the same origin as the Hardys of Toller * Welme and i i elsewhere in Dorsetsh re , whose ped gree ’ a a al a 1 6 and 1 6 ppe rs in the her ds visit tions of 5 5 77, and a a a whose rms were s ble , on chevron between ’ ’ three escallops or three wyverns (or dragons ) heads as of the field . There is not the le t ground for supposing that this family had any connection with the North of a England . It is s id to be descended from one Clement

'

See Hu c ins s Histor o D orset V ol. I V . and 0 2 and t h y f , , pp 433 5 , mi c m m ial o erse . The fa e a e e inc . ertrand a ne A r or J B P y , fj y ly b xt t r in the male line in the e ighteenth centu y. ’ ’ 4 2 Harays Outsiae Westmor land l e Ha a . rdi , b iliff of Jersey This , though resting on a a doubtful uthority , is not inherently improb ble , but it is worth pointing out that the name - is not by any means to be t aken as a necessary indication of French nd a . a a a a or Norm n origin As surn me in Engl nd , distinctly as a family surname (not a mere personal

a a as as an . as nickn me) , it is prob bly old y It occurs such (mainly in the Eastern Counties*) several times a a in the Hundred Rolls , survey of the roy l demesnes , was a a 1 2 ai which m de bout 73 , but which cont ns , by i a . the bye , no record of Westmorl nd At th s time a a f mily surn mes , which were not in use before the a had a Norm n Conquest , become f irly common , though an a a a not by y me ns univers l but the word h rdy , an a a a and though d pt tion from the French , down to the fifteenth century commonly written in the French a had a E form h rdi , been incorpor ted in the nglish a a l ngu ge at least half a century earlier. T It is there fore quite unnecessary to suppose that as a name it was brought into England from France or Normandy or elsewhere . The spelling in the Hundred Rolls far confirms its English origin . It is more often a a a and H rdy th n H rdi , the distinctly French form le Hardi does not occur at all.

One of the best - known individuals bearing our patronymic in modern times was Gathorne Gathorne-z a a a has H rdy , first E rl of Cr nbrook , whose life been

- Gathorne a . written by his son , the Hon . A . E . H rdy The latter states that there is a tradition in the family a a a th t they c me from Irel nd , though he does not seem a a and a to reg rd it with much f ith , he l ys some stress

- W z ns Hard as er of the Ro s . H. ( Do e ence comes Sir H. h y , M t ll ‘ 1 S ee the N ew English D ictionary (Oxford) .

' ’ 4 4 Harays Outsiae Westmorland

with the supposition of a Lonsdale origin . It is known that at least two of the most important families a Manser hs a al in Kirkby Lonsd le , the g of M nsergh H l and Otwa s B eckside a the y of , bout the beginning of the parliamentary troubles sold their estates and a * migr ted to Ireland . Many people of less consequence a and a prob bly went with or followed them , mongst ma a these y h ve been one of the Hardys . It is true this would scarcely agree with Thomas Hardy being descended from a Lonsdale emigrant and thus a native a as a at a of Irel nd , he must h ve been born le st a 1 6 1 and ten ye rs before the rising in 4 , there is no probability of a migration from Lonsdale earlier than é We af a 16 2 . the r gime of Str ford , which beg n in 3 must therefore suppose he himself migrated to Ireland 1 6 1 and a a as not long before 4 , th t the tr dition recorded 1 8 6 man was in 3 is slightly in error . A who known to have had a home in Ireland would naturally get to a a be spoken of s native . It is also worth mention as a fact suggestive of some connection between the remoter Cranbrook Hardys and Westmorland that the mother of the first a a a Lord Cr nbrook , Is bel , wife of John H rdy, Recorder

M. P a a a a and . of Leeds for Br dford , c me from f mily

a a . a resident in Lonsd le for two gener tions Her f ther , as appears from a tombstone in Kirkby Lonsdale

a was a Gathorne . churchy rd , Rich rd , son of the Rev Gathorne and a was Miles , her sister Eliz the wife of Grimeshill a John Moore of , the represent tive through an a a and ncestress of the Middletons of Middleton H ll , a descendant in the male line of one of the oldest

’ a families in the parish . The mother of Rich rd

Ki kb Lonsdale arish Re isters. . onder r E C , y P g The Gathornes 4 5

Gathorne was a a Is bel Preston of Kirkby Lonsd le , was ar G athorne where she m ried to Miles , November 8 1 2 and a was a 1 , 7 5, where Rich rd b ptised August 3 , as a 1 729 . The entry describes Miles cur te of Kirkby a Gathorne was Ma Lonsdale . Rich rd buried there y

20 1 86. a , 7 The f mily were no doubt connected with Edward Gathorne of Old Hutton (between Kendal and

a a . a a Lonsd le) , whose d ughter , Mrs S r h Nicholson , was at a 1 8 1 a and buried Kend l in 7 , ged John

Gathorne - in- a 1 of Burton Kend l , buried there in 773 , aged The family name is doubtless identical with that of the manor of Garthom or Gaythorne Hall a a a in the Westmorl nd p rish of Crosby R vensworth , referred to in 1 671 by Sir Daniel Fleming in his Descri tion o Westmorland as a a p f G wthorne , good house belonging to Allan Bellingham of Over Levens ”

h u . in t is County, Esq ire 1

B ellasis Westmorland hurch N otes Vol. . 8 . E . , C , II , p 4 l I bid. Vo . . 1 61 . 1 , I , p d Arc d morl nd Ant . an I Printed by the Cumberland an West a h .

Soc. . 2 . , p 4 CHAPTER VI

R O LA N D HA R DY

a a the a F the nine contempor ry br nches of H rdys , whom we enumerated at the outset as already planted in Kirkby Lonsdale in the middle of the sixteenth century , one of the most flourishing seems a a a a was to h ve been the br nch of Rol nd H rdy, who a as a 1 8 b ptised the son of John H rdy on November , ”

1 . a 543 He held three st tes , or to give them the old

and a . a more correct n me , three tenements Th t on which he dwelt was at B eckfoot the others were at a a and at a a M nsergh H ll Terry B nk , both in M nsergh township .

a a n- - Beckfoot , or to be more ex ct , B rbo beck foot , as a at a is the point , the n me implies , which the B rbon a beck , h ving descended from the fells on the York shire boundary and passed down Barbon dale and a a a behind the Vill ge , re ches the level of the me dows bordering the Lune , which it soon j oins . At this point the beck is crossed by a ford side by side with the still

a a - a a and rem ining p ck horse bridge lre dy mentioned , there are also what seem to be traces of the primitive

- works once connected with the manorial corn mill .

are a - This spot , where there now only two f rm houses a a dj oining the north side of the beck , goes by the n me di a of High Beckfoot , thus stinguishing it from nother spot about half a mile further south called Low Beck 46

’ ’ Beckfoot and the ola Foras 47

a foot , which is ne r the junction with the Lune of two

little becks descending from B arbon Low Fell . Here are a i now only three or four cott ges , but with n living a memory there were other buildings , including mill

and a - a dwelling house of consider ble size , since removed l * in consequence of the enlargement of Under ey Park . at a a a a all Beckfoot , le st in modern p rl nce , pplies to a a the l nd between these two little h mlets , or , in other all a a words, to the l nd in B rbon township bordering on the Lune but it seems that in 1 8 22 it had come to belong rather to the lower hamlet as the more a o import nt of the tw . j Before the construction in the latter part of the last century of the bridges in Underley Park and at Rig a a m den , there were two fords cross the Lune which have since gone out of use ; one j ust above High and a Beckfoot , the other ne rly opposite Low Beckfoot a and m a a a Cott ges , we y therefore conclude th t Rol nd ’ Hardy s dwelling was on the site of one of the two n present groups . One might be incli ed to prefer High as at an Beckfoot the older, but neither is there y indication of a building more ancient than the eigh tee th at n century . By crossing the Lune either ford a road close along the right bank is reached a and a i running direct into Kirkby Lonsd le , thus s v ng a distance of a mile compared with the route through

Casterton and over Kirkby Lonsdale bridge .

a a a - wa On this direct ro d , bout h lf y between the two

a a - i a a fords , is group of f rm build ngs or cott ges m rking

nforma ion on hi s oin has een su ied to me Mr I t t p t b ppl by . Harrison who has kind s o n m e a an and ar icu ars da ed in , ly h w pl p t l t 1 8 2 8 se in out the ro er at Lo w eck foo and a so near Hi , tt g p p ty B t l gh eckfoo former on in o his f mi B t ly bel g g t a ly . ‘ Ma of r ood 1 p the County by G eenw . ’ ’ 4 8 Rolana Haray

a a a was the site of M nsergh H ll , ne r which the second ’

a a . of Rol nd H rdy s possessions The third , Terry a T rer h a an ( nciently y g ) B nk , is extent of rising ground sheltering against the south- west a group of buildings called Old Town on the old coach road from Kirkby a a a a Lonsd le to Kend l , but re ched direct from M nsergh Hall by an ascent of about a mile along a steep lane and a moorland tr ck .

a - and From some ncient title deeds , with copies a a extr cts from which I have been f voured by Mr . a a a Conder , it seems th t p rt of the Terry B nk property , ha a s. d. d a subject to rent of 3 9 , descended to Rol nd Hardy from his grandfather and more remote an ce to s a - a s r as owners by ten nt right . Other p rt held by 6d as a 1 80 a 5 . w rent of 2 . cquired by him in 5 from his ’ a a a a wife s sister , Is bel Allen , she h ving cquired

a - a a a h lf sh re of it from her uncle , J mes Stockd le , by

a 1 0 1 —8 and a - a deed of Febru ry , 577 , the other h lf sh re a a a from her mother or her gr ndf ther , John Stockd le . a was a a Is bel doubtless the elder sister of M rg ret , who ’ as a a w Rol nd H rdy s wife . The Stockdales of Casterton are amongst the half as a dozen which Mr . Conder recognises the princip l a f milies in Kirkby Lonsdale in the sixteenth century . a a a a as The n me of Mrs . Stockd le ppe rs the owner of ’ a a a at l nd dj oining Mr . H rrison s Low Beckfoot in the ’ a 1 828 a a and al pl n of lre dy referred to , in the her d s Visitation of 1 61 5 there is a pedigree of Christopher a a Stockd le of B rbon , which , though very imperfect , purports to show that his ancestors had been in Kirkby a a a Lonsd le for five gener tions or more , thus going b ck a 1 0 a a to bout 45 . The will of Leon rd Stockd le of a Ma 1 6 and B rbon , who died in April or y, 5 9, whose

50 Roland Hardy

Archdeaconry Court it seems that he died leaving a i and a a . wife but no ch ldren , without m king will a a a Moreover, it seems toler bly cle r from the p rish registers that all his three brothers who are mentioned ’ hi a . s a in his f ther s will died young Thus on de th , ’ - a subj ect to his wife s widow right , the title to his l nded a a a his a property would p ss to nother br nch of f mily . It is probable that he had - sold the Mansergh Hall as a a property , but , ppe rs from the Richmond records , was and he still of Beckfoot when he died, his wife l remained there till her death in 1 63 It is therefore not unlikely that the Beckfoot property held by him a as a as a at is the s me th t held , we sh ll see l er , by the a and a descend nts of Edmund Anthony H rdy, in whom are al and a his we speci ly interested , th t they were on death (or ultimately) in the eldest male line traced from the nearest common male ancestor of the two

a . a sa a a br nches But of this we sh ll y more little l ter . It seems also not unlikely that there was a family connection which led the Conders to purchase from the H ardys the property at Terry Bank . On January 1 8 1 0—1 a and a a , 55 , Rich rd Conder Jo n H rdy were a at a and a m rried Kirkby Lonsd le , the Edw rd Conder a a and who bought Terry B nk from John H rdy, who had an a Hawkri elder brother , Rich rd Conder of gg, ma a a a a . ne r Terry B nk , y h ve been their descend nt a fr . a e The present Mr Edw rd Conder , whom I h ve quently quoted as my authority on the subj ect of the a a a p rish registers , is descended from his n mes ke the a a he a purch ser of Terry B nk , which now owns , it h ving

It seem s doubtful whether she was entitled in these circum s ances to the o e or o n a a f of the ro s o f the o din t wh l ly h l p fit h l g, but inc ine to ink it was the o e see . 2 1 no e . I l th wh l ( p , t ) john the Sp endthrzft of B echfoot 51

a a i a a p ssed in the m le line w thout bre k ever since . The present house seems to have been built by the purchaser of the land immediately after his acquiring in 1 60 it 8 . On the death of John Hardy above - named it is recorded that his debts and funeral expenses exceeded a a 1 0 5 6d. his ssets (exclusive , of course , of l nd) by £ 7 . , and we have therefore some reason to look upon him as i a someth ng of spendthrift . His widow Margaret does not seem to have altogether succeeded in balancing a n at a an the ccou t , for we find her de th inventory a a a 2 1 6 under d te J nu ry 7 , 35, in which her effects , d are a at an 5 . 8d indoor outdoor , v lued £45 7 . (including a i - a and spinn ng wheel , c rds , heckle while her

1 85. debts amount to £47 4d. Amongst her creditors the only Hardys are Anthony Hardie wife

1 . i. e 8 and a . a 1 0 ( widow) for s , Willi m H rdy for 5. This tends to confirm the suggestion that on the death of Margaret the title to the Beckfoot property of the Roland branch passed to the Edmond and Anthony a as a h a as br nch , of which , we sh ll soon see , the e d w a then Willi m , the son of Anthony . a a a It is , however , noteworthy th t dministr tion of ’ Margaret Hardy s effects was granted to one John

a a - - a as H rdy of B rbon beck foot , f rmer but , no a a ma rel tionship is st ted in the bond , it y be presumed either that there was some doubt as to his legitimacy as and a a a was a the son of John M rg ret , or th t he ’ distant relation of the husband s who claimed to be ’ a a a n his heir . For , M rg ret s est te being i solvent , the office of administrator would itself be a thankless was an as responsibility , while if there y doubt to the heirship it would be of considerable advantage in those 52 Roland Hardy

a law a d ys nine points of the , s ys the proverb a an and to get into possession of the f rm on y pretext , defy the other claimants to make out their title . a ad It is not unlikely therefore th t , though the ’ ministrator s as was a bad ma a title heir one , he y h ve held possession for a long time and it may have been l a a a at all a not til m ny ye rs l ter , if , th t the Beckfoot estate of the Roland Hardys came to the descendants an a of Edmond d Anthony . On the bove supposition ma a a a we y identify the dministr tor with John , b ptised as a 1 1 8 and the son of Robert H rdy , November 5, 5 3 , suppose that the want of any record of his death is to be put down to the irregularities of the period of the War and a Civil Interregnum or if , on the other h nd , a was ma a for an his p ternity in question , he y ccount a 2 1 61 entry of the b ptism on November 3 , 5, of John , a a a a son of John H rdy , which ppe rs to h ve been inserted without authority at some later date . P A RT II

O U R PED I G REE

Ye oo ris ians a ike s a o s and cuckoos g d Ch t , th t l w ll w o ve to c an e to more sunn haw hs and now fe e o n l h g y g , d ric er ickin s urn er ou s for a minu e to the h p g , t y th ght t s a s the cro fs and intacks ofthe nor to the strea h w , t th , i thecked cottag es which gave ye b rth .

' ’ A bran new uark b I LLI M D E VVORFAT y W A .

lias il i m ofOv erthwaite alias the Rev i A a . iam W l , W ll on c or o f fro m 1 1 8 His n Hu e B ee am 62 to 1 1 . B ra tt , R t th 7 ” new Wark a rac on ood nebberhoo d ri en in oca , t t g , w tt l l dia ec was rin ed in 1 8 and edi ed for the En is l t , p t 7 5 t gl h i b rof sor k 1 8 Dialect Soc ety y P es S eat in 79 .

58 Edmund Har dy and His A ncestor s

a a a a . a w a his p tern l gr ndf ther Professor Ad m Sedg ick , famous native of Dent and a descendant of the family a a a a v a of which we h ve lre dy n med one or two indi idu ls , speaks of this custom as continuing down to his own * time . Accordingly we may suppose that the burial 28 1 a of Antony on December , 544 , refers to the f ther

of Edmund , he being the only Antony in the register ’ al a a an besides Edmund s 5011 . We so find tr ce of earlier Edmund in the burial of the wife of Edmund

a 2 1 6. H rdy on September 7 , 57 The name of Edmund a a ma a being lso uncommon in the f mily , we y prob bly suppose he was the brother of the earlier Antony and a a a the uncle fter whom our ncestor , being perh ps not

- first a was a . the born of his f ther , n med Antony Hardy the elder would be according to the probabilities of life contemporary with the grand a oi a a al f ther Rol nd H rdy of Beckfoot , who so owned a and a a Terry B nk , it seems to me very prob ble th t the

two grandfathers were brothers . It seems clear from various wills and inventories of the Roland branch a a a a had th t the gr ndf ther of Rol nd two brothers , a a al Robert and John . The l tter is prob bly identic

: a was Ma 2 1 1 1 and with John H rdy, who buried y , 57 , r a da from whose invento y, d ted the previous y, we a had have already quoted . He seems to h ve only one

a 1 6 a . son , Rol nd , who died in 5 3 , ged six The inventory a a a a and is m de by M tthew Stockd le , Edmund H rdy ,

a . a John H rdy Edmund , ccording to our theory , would be his nephew , the son of his brother Antony . a John might be nother nephew , either the son of a Robert or an elder son of Antony . In either c se he would fit in as the father of Robert and grandfather of

w l l 2 Memorial by the Trustees of C o gi l C hape p . 5 . A ! uestionable Title 59

a 1 8 as a John , b ptised in 5 3 , who , we h ve supposed , claimed the heirship of the Beckfoot property on the a a de th of M arg ret Hardy in 1 63 5. a a The f ther of the five brothers , ccording to the a fa l a gr nd therly custom , wou d presum bly be John , and the grandfather of Roland would be Roland also . Thus the pedigree would take the following shape

[RO LAND] ANTON Y EDMU ND JOHN 1 6 1 1 d. wid . 1 d. 544 ( . d 57 ) 57

[JOHN] EDMU ND d 1 1 . 57

ANTONY — ( 1 561 1 610)

o a ls JOHN the administrator ( rsg4 - 1623) Hum 1 583)

a a a The cl im of John , the dministr tor to the heirship a a as a a a of the Rol nd br nch , g inst Willi m , would then : and be good first , if he were descended from Robert , a Robert were older th n Antony ; or , secondly , if he and a a were descended from Antony , his gr ndf ther i a a were older than Edmund . Th s is good illustr tion of the difficulty that attended a question of title in the days when the common evidence of birth was the a a u a p rish register , which in no c se went f rther b ck a 1 th n 538 .

The gap in the registers for this period would account for thi s a tism not in r r b p be g eco ded. CHAPTER II

S EC OND GENERATION : ANTHONY HARDY

HE parish register shows the following baptisms of the children of Edmund Hardy 6 1 1 61 . Anthony , December , 5

a 1 1 6 . A son (unn med) , April 7 , 5 3

1 1 1 6 . Alice , April , 5 5

0 1 0 . Helen , November 3 , 57 Of these we have no further record except of

. a 1 1 601 a Anthony He m rried December 9, , Eliz beth

“ and was a a a Middleton , buried , like his f ther , fter

a a 28 1 61 0 . was short connubi l c reer , on July , He no doubt the poor householder who was given by ' a a Agnes H rdy h lf a p eek of bigg . Elizabeth his wife was the daughter of William a Middleton of Lupton , township in the extreme west a and a of the p rish , therefore somewh t remote from a a Barbon . His m rri ge is recorded without the name 1 2 1 6 and a of his wife on November , 5 3 , his d ughter a was a 1 28 2 . Eliz beth b ptised October , 57 From the Middleton wills and inventories quoted above and a was a some others , it seems th t there more th n one branch of the Middleton family— or perhaps it would be more correct to say simply more than one Middleton a — at and f mily then flourishing Lupton , they were

- at a a a . a a a there le st century l ter Willi m , bove n med , was t 1 2 1 80 a a buried Sep ember , 5 , le ving his wife Is bel and a with two sons four d ughters , of whom the eldest 6a The Mi ddletons o/ L upton 6 1 was a and not more th n fifteen , the youngest were a a a a and a a * twins ged bout ye r h lf . a 1 1 1 80 a By his will d ted April , 5 , Willi m Medle b a l a a 5 as 6 8 d. ton , the scri e c l s him , ch rges sum of £3 . a on his tenement in f vour of his younger son John . a at a Stephen is to h ve twenty h lf the tenement , which ’ a a and is to rem in in his mother s h nds till then , she is a a to h ve the other h lf during widowhood . Stephen is a a a and a a and to h ve the husb ndry ge r two gre t rks , the rest of the goods are to be divided between the a d . an e other children The wife Is bel is executrix , Rob rt and a are Burrow Anthony Burrow , prob bly her brothers , appointed supervisors along with Adam Middleton and a George Middleton . The tot l of the inventory , which cont ains the ordinary articles of farming and household

1 05 . a stock , is £55 The widow Is bel survived her hus

a a of i - a a b nd upw rds th rty two ye rs , dying in Febru ry , a 1 61 3 . Her will is s follows : To my son Stephen Middle ’ ’ m son- in- law a Faucitt s ton s children , to y M tthew ’ i 1 a a ci r 05 . au tt s ch ld en , to my d ughter , M tthew F wife , d 205 . a a a an l to my d ughter Eliz beth H rdy her chi dren , tir l a s ke and 205 . to my son John Midd eton , To her n a a and a two you gest d ughters , the twins , Jo n Is bel , she gives all the rest she has to dispose of . No doubt they were her chief assistants in carrying on the half- share of the farm which she had held since Stephen came of a ma l ge . As y be conj ectured from the fol owing a a 2 1 61 inventory of her effects d ted Febru ry 3 , 3 , the dairying department was the scene of most of their

The baptisms of Stephen and the e ldest daughter p robably oo k ace durin the eriod 1 66- 1 0 for ic the re is er is a t pl g p 5 57 , wh h g t k Th o inc udin i i m who was uried i in en an . e ers a t bl th ( l g W ll , b w th da s o f his a ism are du re is ered in the ears 1 1 1 2 y b pt ) ly g t y 57 , 57 , d 8 1 an 1 . 575, 57 62 A nthony Hardy

a . a u at l bours The stock of cheese , v lued in round fig res

1 0 a a sa 1 d. m rks , must ccording to current prices , y % per 1 15 robabl more a was at a b . (which p y th n it put for prob te 1b * a a a 1 200 . purposes) , h ve mounted in qu ntity to a are The v luers Arthur Middleton , Arthur Burrow,

and . a Edmund Middleton , John Middleton The l st was a and a a prob bly her younger son , perh ps identic l A kri 1 61 as a with John of y gg End , who died in 9 bove a mentioned . Stephen , whom I h ve not succeeded in ma a a . tr cing further, y h ve died without issue There a a at a a a ma is still f rm spot c lled , on the Ordn nce p , i a a Aikr gg Green in Lupton . It must h ve been bleak moorland region before the modern roads and planta tions came into existence .

1 horse 2 oxen 3 kine 5 young beasts 1 swine Pullen Cheese All the crops Meal and malt All her apparel

a and W i - S cks , pokes , nding clothes [for cheese - making] 1 3 Hemp and 4 Brass and pewter 1 1 0 All the wood vessel] 6 a a A qu rter of beef [s lt , of course] 5 Girdle and heckle 3 2 old arks and a chest 3 Total £34 4

V ol i es e m es of the o r H . e s ist. A ricult. a R g , g , VI , g v x pl

0 and 2d. er lb. price in London in 1 59 4 and 1 6 1 as z id. p Middletons and Middletons 63

a a d As to debts it is briefly but signific ntly d ed , ” nothing owen to hir or by hir . The reader will notice that Elizabeth Hardy is a a a singled out for leg cy in kind inste d of in money , and that her stirk (presumably one of the two oxen

8d. valued together at £5 65 . ) would be worth more than any of the sums given to the other children and a Ma as gr ndchildren . y we interpret this showing some thoughtful sympathy with the circumstances in which the widow of poor Anthony Hardy found her at h a had i self t is time As we sh ll see , he left her w th i and four little ch ldren , the eldest only seven , the two and a youngest , including the son heir , less th n two a u a a ye rs old . She s rvived her husb nd ne rly forty a i 6 1 6 2 8 a 6. ye rs , be ng buried November , 4 , ged 7 a a a The n me of Middleton is one of the most f mili r , and at a the s me time one of the most distinguished , al in the records of Kirkby Lonsd e . The Middletons of Middleton Hall were lords of the manor of Middleton a a I I I i for ten gener tions , from the time of Edw rd t ll a ne r the end of the seventeenth century . One is therefore tempted to enquire what relationship existed between the lords of the manor and the Middletons of as Lupton . W the wife of poor Anthony Hardy a descendant of some younger son of the Hall ! The a a ma nswer seems to be th t it y well be so, but to a prove it so would be hopeless task . Younger sons whose descendants are entirely un accounted for appear numerously in the pedigree of a and i Middleton of Middleton H ll , to some extent th s must account for the very frequent occurrence of the a at a n me the beginning of the p rish registers . It

a - five a as occurs , in f ct , in the first twenty ye rs twice 64 A nthony Har dy

as a . a a often H rdy And , moreover , the c lend rs of the Richmond Archdeaconry Court from 1 550 to 1 600 contain not only a corresponding number of entries a are a for Kirkby Lonsd le Middletons , but there lso half as many again relating to the surrounding parishes

a a and . a a in L nc shire Yorkshire Now, ssuming th t Middleton in Lonsdale was the source of all these a a a individu ls , it by no me ns follows th t they were derived from a common family stock ; for at the period when surnames came into use (some centuries before there was any Middleton of Middleton Hall) many ordinary individuals quite unconnected with each other by birth must have adopted the place - name as a a and as a the n me of their f mily , the records bove a referred to suggest , this would prob bly be most often the case when such individuals migrated from Middle ton into one of the adj oining parishes or townships where they would naturally be called of Middleton a a a an a for w nt of lre dy possessing y other p tronymic .

This is , I think , enough to show the hopelessness of a an a obt ining ydefinite result from the existing m terials . But for the particular problem that concerns us there — is another difficulty the absence of any serviceable materials at all. Of the younger sons of the pedigree a a and f mily nothing is recorded beyond the n mes , we therefore cannot trace from them downwards . On the a a other h nd, to tr ce from the Middletons of Lupton a a as upw rds seems equ lly impossible , our first step would take us beyond the limit both of recorded wills

and a . as an of p rish registers However , it is not by y means impossible that our Lupton ancestress was after all a descendant of the lords of the manor of ma a Middleton , it y be permissible to give some ccount

66 A nthony Hardy scendant by purchase to bring honour or disgrace upon their escutcheon . ma a However this y be , Middleton H ll is now the a Grimeshill property of the f mily of Moore of , the lineal descendants of the younger co - heiress of a ri the Middletons of th t ilk , from whom they inhe ted a a a the other portion of the f mily est te . The H ll is

a a - and di a a now f rm house , in its minished st te be rs testimony to the loyalty of its owners to the losing

a a - e a Side during the Gre t Rebellion . M j or G ner l John a was at Middleton , younger son of the house , killed a and a and Hopton He th , his two brothers Rich rd

‘ Christopher also lost their lives fighting in the royal

a . W a was a c use Their brother illi m , who colonel in ’ a was a and the king s rmy , more fortun te , we find him ’ in 1 664 certifying the - family history on the herald s visitation of that year . a a Kirkby Lonsd le , indeed, seems to h ve been some a a thing of a roy list hotbed . In list of delinquents in Westmorland annexed to a letter to the Committee ’ a a a a for Compounding Roy lists Est tes , d ted Febru ry 22 1 6 0 are a W a l , 5 , the n mes of illi m Midd eton of Middleton (no doubt Colonel Middleton above men tioned a Ri maden W ) , Henry W rd of g , Henry ilson of U nderley (the beautiful estate on the Lune between a and a a a Kirkby Lonsd le B rbon) , George Buch n n , the a a and a unfortun te Vic r of Kirkby, , mongst humbler ma add as am persons , we y , descended from f ilies connected by marriage with the Hardys some genera * a and B ouskell. tions e rlier , John Beck Bridgett (Was it not an Agnes B ouskell who in those days

for m din rd Of c Vol. ommi ee o oun etc. eco e C tt C p g , ( R fi I , 1 6 p . 7 . The Civil War ; Middleton Hall 67

a a a a a and a bo sted the possession of j ck , s lette , two a and a a B ouskell h nded sword , Thom s whose sword and dagger were priced at ten shillings ! ) I n 1 646 we find the then Wilson of Underley is marked down for sequestration as having served as a captain of foot under Sir Philip Musgrave of Eden Hall . Sir John a a Otw y of Ingmire , in Sedbergh , descended from branch of another of the old stocks in Middleton was at Cam township , ejected from his fellowship a and a bridge for refusing the Solemn Le gue Coven nt , and did not show less courage in the field against the sworn enemies of the kingdom than he had formerly done in the university He received his knighthood in 1 673 in recognition of his services both military and a * diplom tic in the war and the Restoration . Ingmire a H ll is still owned by his descendants . dl a a i W hitaker was Mid eton H ll , ccord ng to , T a l was prob bly bui t by Sir Geoffrey Middleton , who

and was a a - al knighted by Henry VIII , m j or gener in ’ a 1 a th t king s expedition to Boulogne in 543 . As salaried officer in the service of the he was evidently a most important person in the neighbour of was at a hood Lonsdale . He buried Kirkby Lonsd le 1 a a a a in 545. Later and more ccur te uthorities § d te a the H ll from about the middle of the fifteenth century . a a The domestic p rt of it shows the close resembl nce , a a springing from the s me e rly type , between the old manorial hall of the pre - Tudor period and the states

See the Li e o his friend the Rev. ohn B arwick e er f f [ ] j , by P t

B arwick . ’ m nd hi e 1 Rich o s r . Vol 2 0 m nd Westm. A nt. S oc. rans . . 6. uck e Gu b. a 1 D tt , T III , p i M c ae . o r Old Mem orial Halls 0 Westmorland etc. a ] , , by h l W T yl , T an S o . r s. . C urw en . and W . A nt . c 2 . . p . 3 7 ; J F , C XII 68 A nthony Har dy

’ a - as a a m n s dwelling house , we h ve described it bove , and in the sixteenth following centuries . After entering the outer courtyard you pass into the mell - doors or a a a a screens , which le d out g in into the inner y rd . On your right a door leads from the screens into the a and a was h ll , others on the left into wh t once the

etc. a a al buttery , kitchen , As you dv nce into the h l , a a with its windows of stone tr cery, you h ve behind you

fire- a and a a a a a the pl ce , g inst the opposite w ll st nds a a great carved o k umbry . Behind this wall is a charming withdrawing- room wainscoted with oak from a floor to ceiling . At this end lso are the staircase and doors leading to the modern kitchen and other offi ces which have taken the place of the buildings formerly looking on to the inner court . ’ The Middleton pedigrees in the heralds visitations * of 1 61 5 and 1 664 show their connection with many

- - a and a well known north country f milies , their rms a a a a a ma ( rgent , s ltire engr iled s ble) y be seen dis a a a a in dl a pl yed with v rious lli nces the Mid eton ch pel , or rather what remains of it at the north - east corner of Kirkby Lonsdale church . In this chapel is a a a a efli ies trunc ted tomb with p ir of recumbent g , a and which , ccording to Nicolson Burn , represent the dl 1 80 and John Mid eton who died in 5 his wife Ann , n l a a a trib one of the Tu stal s of Thurl nd C stle . This t u tion is confirmed by John Middleton ’ s in which he directs that he shall be buried in my chaunsel at

- Kirkby lonsdall. For the sake of the reader who may be interested in

Edited by J oseph Foster

' 1 rov ed in the Ric mond Arc deaconr C our 1 8 0 . P h h y t , 5 The Musgrave Pedigree 69

an r a a s a pushing enqui y bout po sible ncestor , however l a a doubtfu the result , into the dom in of roy l descents , we may note here what appears to arise from a match of one of the Middletons with a daughter of the Mus i 61 a . a r 1 gr ves According to the visit tion ped g ees of 5, a l a f was Thom s Midd eton , the f ther of Sir Geo frey, the a his a a son of Thom s by wife Is bel , d ughter of Sir Richard Musgrave of Hartley Castle and Sir Richard was a a the son of Sir Thom s by his wife Alice , d ughter a a a a a was of Rich rd Pl nt genet , E rl of C mbridge , who a paternal grandson of Edward III and paternal grandfather of Edward IV . He is known in history (and Shakespeare) as one of the three leaders beheaded for conspiracy against the house of Lancaster at the i i was a beg nn ng of the reign of Henry V . It , in f ct , a a his son , the Duke of York , in whose n me the W rs of the Roses were begun . There is , however , some doubt as to the fact of this marriage of his daughter Alice as — as indeed , to the very existence of the bride in the a pedigree of 1 664 no Alice Plant genet is mentioned . a a a This c nnot be overlooked , lthough the l ter pedigree

a far . is , on the f ce of it , from perfect The mother of i a a a a Al ce is s id in the e rlier pedigree to h ve been M ud , a a was un d ughter of Thom s , Lord Clifford , who ’ doubtedly Richard Plantagenet s second wife but the assertion that there was any surviving issue of this marriage is contradicted by the finding at the in “ quisition on the death of Maud that she had left no and a was issue , th t consequently her heir her brother

a . l a a Thom s Nevertheless , though A ice Pl nt genet does not appear in the Musgrave genealogy as generally

n M ild ou m d n i o f I n . a . o at a ntess o a bri e e do qp f , C f C g (th w w Lo r r 2 d Lat me Hen. N o . 2 1 . y ) , 5 VI , 70 A nthony Hardy

* a a set out , it seems th t , however the v rious differences between the visitation pedigrees are explained or a a a reconciled, there must be either g p or one Eliz beth (of undisclosed origin) about the place where Alice would come in so that after all we may con ecture a was a a and ha j th t her existence f ct , t t the reason for its being overlooked by the j ury at the was a a a a inquisition question , not lw ys so e sy to a as was nswer , to whether she born in or out of wedlock . It would be no very extravagant supposition that her father should so far resemble a few others of his line as to consider one wife at a time a somewhat short allowance .

The Musgraves would probably scarcely regard the supposed i ir wn d Alice as adding anything to the ancient d gnity ofthe o escent . CHAPTER III

H G RA O : LL A HAR S O T IRD ENE TI N WI I M DY , ENI R

HE parish register records the baptisms of the following children of Anthony Hardy '

ar a Ma 1 60 M g ret , y 5, 3 .

a a 2 1 0 - e 0 6 6. Eliz b th , M rch , 5 l a and a 8 1 6 1 08 . Wi li m Is bel , December ,

a was a 20 1 61 - 20 Is bel we find buried on M rch , 9 , but we have no ent ry to show what became of either of the other daughters . This is no doubt owing to the a disturbed st te of things during the Civil War. The a cha a was vic r , George Bu n n , sorely persecuted by a a h and a al two of his Cromwelli n p ris ioners , ctu ly in a al a a g ol sever times the l st for period of three years .

a 1 6 2 1 6 all : are From M rch , 4 , to April , 43 , entries

a . a 1 6 l a w nting From bout April , 45, when one Wil i m a e u a a Cole seems to h ve b en intr ded into the Vic r ge , i a a s unt l the Restor tion , the registers were very c reles ly * m . a a a e a kept Thus , wh tever y h ve b en the c se with m a ma a a the two sisters , who y or y not h ve m rried , it can scarcely be doubted that their brother William was married near the beginning of the gap between a 1 6 2 and 1 6 as M rch , 4 , April , 43 , his eldest child ,

e a Ma 1 6 . recorded , b ing b ptised in y, 43 Of his wife k a a a was a we only now th t her christi n n me Christ bel ,

d n r d l ari h i r d ar o de Kirkb Lons a e s Re ste s . i E w C , y P g B N ght in a e The E ected o 1 662 in umberland e tc . . 1 0 1 . g l , j f C , , p 4 7 1 2 Wi iam Har enior 7 ll dy, S

d — an a was a 20 1 6 8 . th t she buried on Febru ry , 7 9 a as W a a Willi m himself , described illi m H rdy, * a and a hal senior, of B rbon , followed her three f a a 2 ye rs l ter , being buried August 5, It will be noticed that this William did not receive at his christenings the name of his paternal grand a a his a a f ther Edmund , but th t of gr ndf ther on the ma a side of his mother . In this we y perh ps perceive a becoming submission on the part of. the poor householder to superior family pretensions on the a a a p rt of his wife . In the next gener tion lso the a al a are a p tern n mes neglected , but it will be seen th t on the family fortunes somewhat reviving the old custom again comes into favour . ’ The following curious inventory of Gaffer William s a a far a person l effects , written in from clerkly h nd , is preserved amongst the Richmond records . The spell a literatirn 15 1nterestin ing , which I h ve reproduced , g, as echoing something of the accent of the dales

A il t e t r h h 1 68 . p 5 , 3 A true invatery of the goodes of Wilyam Hardy lat deceased .

One hatt lr dubl t andbretches Col , e A dublet and bretches On[e] pare of shus and hosse 2 shirts A bed of cloese [set of bed clothes] One chest I n all £1 0 2

He was dou ess ca ed i iam Hard senior to dis in uis btl ll W ll y , , t g h him from anoth er i iam Hard o f ar on ose dea a ears W ll y B b , wh th pp in the Ric mond Arc deaconr records in Marc 1 6 . h h y h , 99

Har enior 74 dy, S

With the loss of his wife this felicity must have a hi a was a been d shed , but wit n few months she in

a a a - in- law and sense repl ced by d ughter , he lived long ra enough to see the birth of his eldest g ndson , to whom his name was given . CHAPTER IV

THE HEARTH- TA! RETURN FOR 1 670

B EORE passing from William Hardy the elder to the next generation we may notice the glimpse afforded by the return for the Hearth Tax in a i fi Westmorl nd , preserved in the Publ c Record Of ce for the year According to this document the number of hearths in the whole parish of Kirkby al was 1 as be Lonsd e 57 , exclusive of those exempt

n n al 205 . a a longi g to dwellings u der the v ue of ye r , or occupied by persons not possessed of £1 0 worth of

- goods or excused from poor rate . The number of was 8 1 had a houses 3 , most of which only one he rth . In the list for Kirkby Lonsdale itself there were 1 02

1 0 a a and 1 . houses , with 7 he rths t xed 9 exempt Amongst the former we may notice in passing the

- a and a . school house with two he rths , the vic r , Mr ’ a Hoyle s , lso with two . a In Lupton there were 37 houses with 43 he rths , ’ ’ including William Middleton s and John Middleton s

a a and a . with one he rth e ch , two he rths exempt 62 all a h In Middleton there were houses , t xed , wit ’ 1 01 a a he rths , including Widow Moore s with five he rths , ’ l a John Middleton , Esquire s (Midd eton H ll) , with seven ,

Exchequer Records : Lay Subsidies for Westmorland (see o s en ica d at Kend uar er Appendix II be l w . ) The return i auth t te al q t sessions th e erk of the eace under da e anuar 1 0 2 2nd by Cl P , t J y , Charles II 76 The Hearth- Tax Retur n for 1 670

’ ’ a Otwa s and h a Otwa s Thom s y with two , Nic ol s y

with two and one . a 6 a all In B rbon there were 3 houses with 55 he rths , ’ a a a and t xed , including S muel Gibson s with one he rth ’

a w . Rich rd Shuttleworth , Esquire s , ith two a a h In C sterton there were 33 houses with 44 he rt s , ’

all a l a a . t xed , including Wi li m H rdy s with one

a - a Besides the l st n med , who must , I think , be a a are identified with our G ffer Willi m , there four other a a are H rdys in the list . In Kirkby Lonsd le there a a a and Willi m H rdy with three he rths Robert with two , and in B arbon there are Robert with two and Edmund a with one . The first is doubtless identical with Willi m Hardy of Kirkby Lonsdale who was buried there a 21 1 6 6— and a a M rch , 9 7 , the l st with Edmund H rdy of the Town - end in Barbon who was buried in 1 680 and was September , , whose will proved October 1 a are 5 following . Tr ces of the two Roberts not a a t a a w nting in the register of b ptisms , but hey ppe r

there no further . The number of our cousins in their ancient habitat

is thus seen to be much diminished , but it should be added that the Hearth Tax return probably somewhat a a a a ex gger tes their p ucity , for it is well known th t the tax was greatly resented and the inquisitions of the

f - o ficial chimney hunter were not too diligently pressed . He seems to have forgotten to enter one Richard a a a a a H rdy, who ppe rs from the p rish registers to h ve represented the Casterton branch down to his death 6 as a a l 1 . w in September, 79 There lso widow E len Hardy of Mansergh Hall houses buried on June 1 6 a 4 , 77 , but the township of M nsergh is entirely and omitted from the list , consequently the Conders The Identity of Gafer William 77

and other statesmen who appear there on the manor * - 1 66 a off court rolls in 4 must h ve been let . It seems difficult to believe that in such circumstances as then existed in country places a tax of two shillings a year s per chimney can have been worth collecting . It wa promptly abolished in the first year of William and Mary (1 688) after being twenty years on the Statute

Book . The identity of our ancestor William with the ia a a Will m H rdy entered in C sterton is not open , I

i tax - th nk , to much doubt , though the collector seems to have indulgently rolled him into one with his

a . a cousin Rich rd It is possible , though somewh t i a 1 6 0 a a a unl kely , th t in 7 he ctu lly lived in C sterton and a a a township , only c me to B rbon l ter ; for , even assuming that he ultimately died at Beckfoot (as his son Edward certainly did) we have no evidence as to — when or how he acquired his home there whether on ’ the death of his cousin s widow Margaret in 1 635 or a a a l ter whether by inherit nce or purch se , or whether ’ as a his it w re lly own or his son s . But it seems more a a n a prob ble th t the compiler of the retur , being L Crown officer and not a local constableqdid not trouble to follow the boundaries of the townships or a and i a a m nors , , find ng Beckfoot connected by pr ctic a a a and i a ble highw y with C sterton , not w th B rbon

la a a - vil ge , ssigned it to the former const ble wick a a a a accordingly . We h ve lre dy seen th t there was an ancient highway from Casterton to the ford at High a n a Beckfoot p ssi g through Low Beckfoot , where s from B arbon even to - day High Beckfoot is only

Mr rd n r A cordin li u i d to m . d a o d F S c to a s s e e e . . A g t ppl by E w C , .

t U nder th e Amendin Act of 1 66 1 6 Car. ca . g 4 ( II , p 78 The Hearth Tax Return for 1 670

a a and re ched directly by mere footp ths , the present

‘ lane tO Low Beckfoot can scarcely be older than the

- - eighteenth century coach road from which it diverges . It m ay be noted here that in our Gaffer William we have the only link where it is possible to suggest a a as a doubt in our ch in of descent , we h ve no con firmatory evidence of his identity with the son of 1 can a Antony christened in 608 . All we s y is that the parish register contains no other baptism with which h a a he corresponds , while on the ot er h nd the de ths of a a and the two other Willi ms , one of B rbon the other 1 6 and 1 6 of Kirkby , recorded in 99 97 respectively,

' make it extremely unlikely that either of them was far a as 1 08 ma a a born so b ck 6 . They y be e sily c a 1 61 and 1 6 6 counted for by b ptisms entered in 9 4 , to say nothing of possible omissions during the Crom wellian period when the registers were imperfectly kept . CHAPTER V

FOURTH GENERATION : THOMAS AN D EDWARD HARDY

HE parish register shows baptisms of the following children of William Hardy

a Ma 1 1 1 6 . Thom s , y , 43 — a a a 1 6 . Edw rd , J nu ry 9 , 44 5

as a a a Here , in the previous gener tion , the p tern l line a a is ignored in the choice of christi n n mes . ’ a i a a a Thom s d ed in his f ther s lifetime , le ving will ’ a 1 1 1 6 6 and a d ted November , 7 , signed by the test tor s

a . a a m rk By this document , fter commending the pl ce ’ a i of his buri l to his executors d scretion , he disposes of the little worldly estate God hath given me as : a 1 0 follows To his brother Edw rd , £ to George l ll 5 6d 2 . a Rol inson , son of George Ro inson , to Is bel ,

a 25. 6d d ughter of George Woodhouse . to his a a and Restabell all f ther Willi m his mother , the a i a and rest . He ppo nts his f ther mother executors .

a - n a - The h lf crow leg tees were no doubt god children . The parish register shows Isabel Woodhouse to have at i a ar been th s time in her fifth ye r . We e therefore debarred from romancing on the supposition of a more a a a tender rel tionship , our uncle Thom s , the test tor ,

- being thirty three . The inventory of his effects indicates that he was 7 9 8 0 Thomas and E dward Har dy

a a a a a a not f rmer, but pp rently clothier , c rrying goods ’ a a a from his f ther s f rm to the m rket , or possibly to at a a a his shop Kirkby . Perh ps he was lso horse a de ler .

of and a a a Inventory goods ch ttels of Thom s H rdy , a a a a 20 1 6 6 l te of B rbon , ppr ised November , 7 , a a a a by Thom s F wcett , Edmond G rnett , S muel a nd a a Wadeson. Ottw y , J mes

a a and adl In purse , pp rel , bridle s e in Wollen cloth in Hempe or lininge [linen] cloth at Kirkby in Cloth at B arbon in Yarme in Stockins in Horses One chiste Oweing for horses to him in Bonds Found uncrost [not crossed out in his a books , unc ncelled]

In all [apparently wrongly cast] £61 2 5

’ The bond for administration of Thomas s effects given by his father William and j oined in by his a as a brother Edw rd surety, is signed by both of them as a a a m rksmen , but we notice th t Edw rd , on his ’ a a a a n a a f ther s de th six ye rs l ter, sig s his n me in clumsy but very legible hand with the surname under a a has a the christi n n me , which superfluous y a b a dded to it evidently y in dvertence . He seems

8 2 Thomas and E dward Hardy

sonalt a 1 2th and 1 y, d ted the exhibited October 4 , 1 7 1 0 :

Purse and apparel 2 B edstocks d and 2 , bed ing (linen wollen) v assill a and ewther 1 Wooden , br ss p Chists a a a , rks , ch ires , formes , t bles , stooles and cushions 1 o Scutles ridles a k and , , s c s , pokes , winnow ing cloth Earthen v assills and iron utensils a a and Me l , M lte , other provision a lou h eare ar Ploughs, h rrows , p g g , bo ds , and shilves

a a cart eere and Bridle , s dle , c rts , g , wheels Husbandry geere Poultry and dung- hill Four kine 1 5 Six young bease 1 0 Com e and hay 20 Debts owing to the deced 3 5

Total* £1 05 5

William Hardy writes his name to the administration

bond in a fairly p enmanlike hand .

To mak e this total there is an error in casting or an omission o fitems to the am ount of£ 1 4 . CHAPTER VI

FIFTH G ENERATION : C HI LDREN OF EDWARD HARDY

as HESE , it seems , were follows

a was a as Willi m , who prob bly the eldest , on ’ his father s death administration of the estate was granted to him with the tuition (or guardianship) of his sister Agnes .

a a 2 1 68 Thom s , b ptised September 3 , 3 .

a 1 8 1 688 . John , b ptised November , E a 1 6 2 and dw rd , buried November 7 , 9 as a a was a Agnes , who , lre dy mentioned , minor , on

1 1 1 0 . October 4 , 7

’ ’ ’ a a a Neither Willi m s , Edw rd s , nor Agnes s b ptism at a — are a is registered Kirkby Lonsd le why , we un ble sa to y, but the brotherhood of the three surviving brethren is amply made out by the e vidences which follow . This generation makes an epoch in the history of a a our f mily . Willi m , the eldest son , who seems to a a a a h ve been the first of his r ce to be f irly ble to write , continued in the traditional calling of his ancestors ; ’ but on his father s death he married and migrated and his was from the old home , though residence no

83 84 Children ofE dward Hardy further off than the adj oining parish it involved a change in the mode of livelihood as well as a change of scene . His younger brothers made a much more

. a and decided move They both bec me clergymen , settled down in the West Riding of Yorkshire . and a Their mother , presum bly their sister Agnes , were left in possession of the ancestral tenement at and a a a at Beckfoot , we sh ll find re son to suppose th t a a le st the mother remained there till her de th . She was a 8 1 at 2 2 . buried Kirkby Lonsd le , November , 7 4

l i m Hard o Park House § 1 . Wi l a y f

a a 2 1 1 0- 1 1 a a On J nu ry 7, 7 , Willi m H rdy, being as a was a at still described of B rbon , m rried the u a a a hi church of T nst l , j ust over the L nc s re border , a a was a a to Eliz beth Fl sby, who presum bly of th t a and a a a a p rish of f mily origin ting still further e st , but not found in the registers of Kirkby Lonsdale . a a a a a a There is , in f ct , h mlet c lled Fl sby in the p rish a a and as a of G rgr ve in the West Riding, it occurs family name in the will of John Middleton of West a a a house in Thornton , Yorkshire p rish dj oining a a a a 1 6 1 61 Kirkby Lonsd le , d ted J nu ry , 3 a a l a a i 1 1 After his m rri ge Wi li m H rdy l ved until 7 9, and a a at a a perh ps l ter , P rk House in the p rish of

a a a - are a a Tunst l . It is now f rm house to which tt ched a about a thousand acres of land . It st nds on the right a Leek a a and b nk of the beck , tribut ry of the Lune , a looks up the valley towards the fells above B rbon . To reach it there is a drive through the grounds for

r Richmond Archdeaconry Cou t .

, The Wilsons of Dallam Tower 8 5 about half a mile from the entrance gate at Cowan

s . Bridge , by which the Leck is cro sed These grounds are a a a , in f ct , the p rk belonging to , but quite det ched a a a from , the ncient c stle of Thurl nd , once the strong a hold of the Tunstals. The park is ctually men tioned a al a in the will of Bri n Tunst , the St inless ’ Marmion a Knight of Scott s , m de on the eve of his * setting forth to die on the field of Flodden . Early in the seventeenth century it was acquired by Edward h Wilson of Low Levens , from w om it descended to a a a a his kinsm n Edw rd Wilson of D ll m Tower , known as a at a e - Little Edw rd , who died the g of eighty nine in 1 707 . This Little Edward had a son known as a Long Edw rd or Edward of Park House . At Park was and a House he born , there he lived until the de th fath a of his er. T There is stone let into the wall over the front door inscribed This no doubt indicates the period of his carrying out some repairs or improve ments with a a a view to his going into possession on his m rri ge , which a w a a a took pl ce the follo ing ye r with C therine , d ughter a a a of Sir D niel Fleming of Rydal . The de th of his f ther 1 0 a a in 7 7 of course led to his removing to D ll m Tower , and a u a a a a a a P rk Ho se , thus v c ted , bec me v il ble for

isto o Richmondshir Whitaker sets out the will in the H ry f e. The ark is s o n an enc osure on the ma s of Lancas ire P h w by l p h , ’ orks ire and es mor and in Sa on s A as of n and and Y h , W t l xt tl E gl

ales ub is ed 1 see ron is iece . W , p l h 579 ( F t p ) l’ The history of the Wilson family (and incidentally of Park ’ H u on s B eetham Re ositor a Wm . H ouse is iv en in the Rev . ) g tt p y, M i d r r ri the um er and and W estmor S . ed te fo the T act Se es of C b l d See a so the R . or and An i uarian Socie . l t q ty , by J F l

os . os er Cumberland and Westmorland Visitation of 1 664 (ed. J F t ) Lo w and Westmorland C hurch N otes . B ellasis 1 88 8 , by E ( Le ens is in He ers am and a am o er in the ad oinin aris v v h , D ll T w j g p h of B eetham . 8 6 William Hardy of Parh House

’ letting to William Hardy . That the period of the latter s residence continued from his marriage at least down a 1 1 a a to M rch , 7 9, ppe rs from the register of his ’ children s baptisms at Tunstal . In 1 7 1 9 the death a a took pl ce of Long Edw rd Wilson , whose son nd a a a a heir , D niel , rebuilt D ll m Tower between

1 720 and 1 723 . During the rebuilding Daniel Wilson no doubt required Park House for his own

occupation . Enough of the house is left to give a very good idea a al was and a ai of wh t it origin ly , prob bly rem ned , till ’ William Hardy s day. The plan is of the late Tudor

a a a a a - or e rly J cobe n type of sm ll m nor house , which differed from that of the medieval hall and the

a a - a a ordin ry f rm house of l ter times , which we h ve a a a alre dy described , m inly in the bsence of the screens

- a a or mell doors , so th t the entr nce led directly into a was a t the hall . P rk House prob bly built a the time of the property being acquired by the Wilsons at the beginning of the seventeenth century , the epoch of the union of the two Crowns which was to make a a a fortified house on the Border thing of the p st . Mr . ’ at a as a a Conder s house Terry B nk , built , lre dy at a a mentioned , the s me period , is of the s me type , and it occurs in a somewhat more elegant shape in a a a a Newby H ll in Morl nd p rish , which Dr . T ylor also ascribes to the early part of the seventeenth * a century . The subj oined pl n of the ground floor of a P rk House will simplify our description , but being drawn from my own somewhat imperfect measure

Old Manorial Halls o umberland and Westmorland 1 0 f C , p . 3 ; l M. Ri wb Ha l R. in and e e N e C . and W . n A t. S o . y , by gg , c 1 2 1 Trans XII p . .

Plan of P ark House 8 7

a as a a ments , it must not be t ken more th n sketch of approximate accuracy . a A . Prob ble position of porch . The walling shown by shading seems to have been added to form the a d a present doorw y an recess for cloaks . a a B B B . P ss ge formed out of the hall and with

- drawing room by modern partitions .

. ain a a as a a C Rem ing p rt of h ll now used p rlour . a w a a The origin l south windo s h ve been p rtly blocked , as w a and a sho n by sh ding , three lights h ve been opened between them . The north window was origin ally further west .

d a - a d a a b c . a an He rth sp ce in h ll kitchen , origin lly and a open , but now enclosed fitted with modern gr tes . The chimney over this space is carried up through the floor above .

ai a a - E . Rem ning p rt of withdr wing room or dining

- as a . room , now used store room air a a off a F . St c se , now p rtitioned from dj oining an part and from west wing . The ground floor d north upper room of this are let off in separate occupation . a i and a a G . Present entr nce to west w ng p rt dj oining a st ircase .

a . H . Modern st irs to upper north room

K K . Tower .

a . L . G rden

M . Modern kitchen .

a al . a the N . P rlour , origin ly kitchen The rch of

fire- a a and pl ce rem ins open , but the rest is enclosed

fitted with a modern grate . h . a a a O P ss ge formed by p rtition out of kitchen , wit modern stairs partitioned off from the hall . The 8 8 William Hardy of Parh House entrance to the modern kitchen probably takes the a a pl ce of n original window .

a . P . Cupbo rd

. a a was a a ! P rt of d iry , which perh ps p rt of the a has a origin l kitchen . It been enl rged by removing the wall shown by broken lines and partitioning off a a h a a a p rt of the e st wing . T ere was prob bly lso window on the south side of this room . The east wing has been altered so as to communicate with the modern outbuildings with which it is sur ll rounded ou a sides except facing the front garden . It is now entered only through these outbuildings

- a from the farm yard . This p rt of the building is only h a can sketc ed in outline on the pl n , but it be seen from the upper part of the main walls that the two a a wings were origin lly symmetric l . h a The ouse is long , low , stone building in two stories a a a a with moder tely pitched roof of ordin ry sl tes . was a a a It prob bly origin lly covered with stone sl tes , and the chimney- stack over the huge double hearth was a a doubtless much l rger th n the present one . With the important exceptions of the general plan and the windows it is now devoid of all characteristic a a a a rchitectur l fe tures . It would be no extrav gant conj ecture to suppose that there were originally at a CO S a a le st stone l g on the g bles , termin ted by

s and - a fi ial a n s. The kneeler simple b ll sh ped porch , h ma ma a was w ich y or y not h ve been of two stories , probably finished in the same style . The windows in the north front of the upper story would , of course , be a a pl ced symmetric lly over the lower ones . This is a a a no longer the c se , except on the e st side of the m in

and in . block the west wing The north front , now

90 William Har dy of Parh House

x an a I know so little , I venture to e press opinion , b sed

a a a . a a on m ny simil r c ses described by Dr T ylor , th t this building is the remains of a small specimen of the a di strongholds c lled peles , which were evenly stributed over Cumberland and Westmorland in the times when the Border country was the scene of constant warfare . i are The oldest now exist ng of the fourteenth century , and they formed the nucleus of numerous manor - houses a built down to the late Tudor times . The typic l pele a a a a a tower consisted of v ulted b sement , sol r or ’ a a and a lord s p rtment on the first floor , sleeping a h was ch mber under the roof , whic surrounded with a a * a a crenell ted parapet . In the c se of P rk House this tower may have been doubly useful when the sur a was in a a a a a rounding l nd f ct p rk , th t is hunting

a - ground , but in the pl nning of the dwelling house it appears rather to be treated as an excrescence than

a . an nucleus As will be seen from the pl , however , it was connected with the house by the small inter mediate building which contains the staircase . At was a a a a the top of the first flight pp rently doorw y , a now blocked up , le ding into the first floor of the tower the second flight continues to the upper floor of the

- dwelling house . The L shape thus produced doubtless also facilitated the formation of an enclosed garden or courtyard on ma the south side of the main building . There y pos sibly have been in the original plan a proj ection at the east end to match the tower .

The interior of the house is greatly disguised . The

w ll- kno n L ncas ire e am e on OldManorial Halls . 1 . A e a , p 4 w h x pl a ar e sca e is B or ick Ha see ron is iece and G arner and l g l w ll ; F t p ,

S ra on Tudor D omestic A rchitecture in En land V ol. . 1 1 . t tt , g , II , p 5 Inter ior of Parh House 9 1

hall has been much reduced in size by the partitions h a a a a a w ich m ke p ss ge on two sides , by the w lling up a and a al the off of the he rth , perh ps so by cutting of the a ai a a sp ce , now occupied by the st rs , re ched from

passage which has been partitioned out of the kitchen . Five lights have been blocked out of the original a a and windows in the south w ll of the h ll , three fresh ones have been opened in the space between them . The wall dividing the kitchen into two with a corresponding encroachment on the other side into ma a a the wing y be of old st nding , though not origin l .

The other subdivisions of the wings seem less doubtful . It seems at least possible that the original doorways into the kitchen and drawing- room were on the south a a side and that the present entr nces re modern . The origmal line of division between the hall and kitchen and i a a seems doubtful , the question of the or gin l b ck a an a entr nces , if y, is lso left by the numerous modern alterations somewhat difficult of solution The old staircase has some nicely carved spiral oak al and b usters , on the first floor , forming the division b the a a and a i etween st irc se the dj oin ng bedroom , is a li are some old o k panel ng . These the only traces of internal decoration which it is possible to attribute to the period of the house or even to the eighteenth century . Finally we must not forget the Park House pew teste a a at which , the vic r , once occupied position the a a a he d of the n ve of Tunst l Church , second only in dignity to the chapel in the chancel aisle belonging a a ma to Thurl nd C stle . It y still be seen in an old engraving of the interior of the church preserved in 9 2 William Hardy of Parh House

a the vestry . It is j ourney of some two miles and a a a a h lf to the p rish church from Cow n Bridge , shortened though it may be by a footpath across the fields which Charlotte Bronte and her sisters found such a a a sore tri l on d ys of rain and mud . Though the Park

House pew is no more , the room over the church porch in which these poor schoolgirls ate their Sunday

luncheon still exists . It is not surprising that the pew ul a sho d h ve gone out of use , since the modern church ’ of Leck is but a stone s - throw from the Park House

boundary . One is inclined to dwell upon Park House and its history because it is the oldest visible object which we can associate distinctly with any of our ancestors of

- a the north country period . In the churchy rd at Kirkby Lonsdale not a tombstone remains bearing their

a a - a n me . Beyond the p ck horse bridge lready men tioned there are no buildings at Beckfoot which one can regard as older than about the middle of the

eighteenth century . The dwelling there , which prob a a at a a a and had bly d ted le st from Eliz beth n times , never pretended to be more than the abode of a a a a far a st tesm n , must h ve been less commodious th n a ma a new a P rk House , which ywell h ve given the ten nt a a a a a a sense on his m rri ge of h ving m de move , if not

a a at a a a . in the soci l sc le , le st in the sc le of civilis tion He was no longer a statesman cultivating a few ” a a a was a a - a an p tern l cres , but he ten nt f rmer of estate of which the acreage seems to have run into a a a at a m ny hundreds . Yet it is prob ble th t life P rk was and u a a House primitive enough , not m ch in dv nce of what is said to have been common in the dales even a at the end of the eighteenth century . For Willi m

From Statesman to Terrant- Farmer 9 3

a was a H rdy of thorough Westmorl nd breed , though

a mile or so outside his native borders . In no other has — or a sa a county progress r ther , should we y, ch nge — dd * and a a . been so slow , perh ps we should , so solid

a a a - The st nz s of Pope , in which the bove oft quoted a are a a a phr se occurs , worth repe ting here , so ccur tely do they seem to be modelled on the mode of life from which at this epoch our ancestry began to depart

Happy the man wh ose wish and care A few a erna acres boun p t l d , C ontent to breath e his native air hi w r n On s o n g ou d.

W ose er s i mi k ose fie s i brea h h d w th l , wh ld w th d , W ose flocks su him i a ire h pply w th tt , W ose ree s in summer ie him s a e h t y ld h d , fi ” I n winter re .

What became of William Hardy immediately after a ba leaving P rk House is not perfectly clear . The p tism 5011 1 22 1 2 of his Joseph , born in 7 or 7 3 , which would in the ordinary course have thrown some light was a a on the point , postponed till ten ye rs l ter . In ll a l a prob bi ity he returned to his old home . The next record we have of him is the baptism at Kirkby a a a 5011 : Lonsd le of pp rently his youngest George ,

5011 a a a an . of Willi m H rdy of B rbon , yeom This a a 1 6 1 2 — and a took pl ce on M rch , 7 4 5, , being less th n ’ a a l a six months fter the de th of Wil i m s mother , suggests that it was on that event that he returned

Manners and Customs ofWestmorland by a Literary A ntiquarian o n C o u h re rin ed in 1 8 fro m the Kenda ronic e o f 1 8 1 2 [J h g ] , p t 4 7 l Ch l e or o f Andre P rin e 1 in B ai e and u e A riculture R p t w gl , 79 7 ( l y C ll y , g N umb land in orth er , 94 William Hardy of Parh House

a a a e and infirmities had a to B rbon , or th t her g m de it necessary that he should relieve her of all responsi bility in the carrying on of the farm on the family a a a estate . The bsence of record of her person l property in the Archdeaconry Court is in favour of the latter

supposition . The description of yeoman is significative of the change of status which had ensued in Barbon on the enfranchisement of the holdings of the customary a a a 1 1 1 8 has ten nts by the deed of J nu ry 7 , 7 , which * already been referred to . This deed is of interest as setting out the names of all the customary tenants at that date with quit rents indicating the relative

values of their holdings . Our ancestor William is the a and a a only H rdy in the list , j udging from gl nce through the parish and archdeaconry records it seems that he had outstayed all his cousins in Kirkby Lons a a a dale . The l st tr ces of them which I h ve noticed indicate an emigration of some of them about the year 1 00 and Wraton b 7 into Whittington , oth j ust over

the Lancashire border . The effect of the enfranchisement on the remaining

Border- tenants was to turn them into ordinary and an all freeholders , to put end to the rights of the a a lord of the m nor in their property, except cert in

- a a a 2d. sm ll fixed rents ch rge , v rying from to

1 . a £1 1 2s . od The scheme of the enfr nchisement was the payment of £1 700 down and of these perpetual rents - charge or quit rents amounting annually in all to

d. a 1 5 . 2 a £ 5 4 , both sums being pportioned mongst the various tenements according to their actual was value . The freehold conveyed to six out of the

. 1 and see A endi p 3 ; pp x III .

96 William Hardy of Parh House

a . a yeom n Soon fter this , though we do not know his a a a a pl ce of bode for the next thirty ye rs or there bouts , there is reason to suppose that he finally parted with a a and a a his ncestr l home g in moved eastward . Let

a a a at and as into the w ll of b rn the upper , I should a at j udge , the older of the two f rms High Beckfoot is a stone tablet bearing this inscription :

h a a a T is , ccording to the us ge common in this p rt of a the country , is to be interpreted somewh t in the ’ a a a a m nner of shield , in which the husb nd s co t of ’ a a . a a rms imp les the wife s H st nds for the surn me , a a a E a T for the christi n n me of the husb nd , for th t of a a a a the wife . I h ve little doubt th t the m rk is th t of a and a Thom s Holme Eliz beth his wife (born Huck) , who were married at Kirkby Lonsdale on September ’

2 1 2 . a . a o , 73 On the pl ns of Mr H rrison s pr perty 1 828 a a a and sold in , lre dy quoted , the n mes of Holme

Huck both appear as adj oining owners . At High and a a a Beckfoot Mrs . Alice Holme Willi m Huck ppe r to own the land within a few hundred yards of the ’ - d . a a a and a an . fores id b rn f rm house , Mr T Holme s r a devisees a e a little nearer the vill ge . At Low W l a a a a a and Beckfoot il i m Huck ppe rs g in , the and property of J . Holme extends from the Lune up to a beyond the lane which j oins the two h mlets . It a a a al seems , therefore , very likely theory th t s e by William Hardy of his Beckfoot property took place a a 1 a in , or shortly fter , the ye r 733 to the newly m rried a and a a a Thom s Holme , th t the l tter, fter settling He Sends a S on to College 9 7

a a and a a down there , dded the b rn perh ps m de other 1 a improvements in 735. From the enfr nchisement 1 1 8 a a a Garnetts deed of 7 it ppe rs th t next to the , who together held nearly a fourth in value of all the a a custom ry property in B rbon , the four Holmes , a a including Thom s , were the l rgest owners in one family ; and it seems rather in accordance with the ordinary course of such things at that period that they add and a a should to their possessions , th t the sm ller a a owners should tend to dis ppe r . The year 1 733 also corresponds with an important ’ a a ma a had event in the yeom n s f mily , which y h ve something to do with his decision to realise his land and perhaps improve or economise his resources . was a This the sending of his eldest son to C mbridge , ’ at where he was admitted Christ s College on June 1 6. It was also perhaps the formalities attending this ’ a event th t led to his son Joseph s christening , though at the age of ten . Owing to some unexplained cause had a a a a at a it pp rently not t ken pl ce the usu l time , and the omission had probably been forgotten till the present occasion arose for looking into the parish and register in proof of birth . The second third a and sons , now ged seventeen sixteen , would be old enough at this time to be apprenticed to the hardware business in which we find they were trading some eight a a a a ma l a or ten ye rs l ter, so th t their f ther y we l h ve been just now in a convenient position for putting his a a est blishment on fresh footing . h ma 15 a a However t is y be , there pr ctic lly no doubt that at the time he made his will he was no longer a

a . ea a l nded proprietor In this document , which b rs d te 8 1 62 as December , 7 , he describes himself of Ingleton 11 98 William Hardy of Parh House

f- o a a . a in the County York , husb ndm n Where s the entrance to Park House at Cowan Bridge is about two a a miles from Kirkby Lonsd le , Ingleton is nother five a a on the s me ro d , which runs from Kirkby to Settle and o a s on to Leeds . Close to Ingleton it p sses through a a as al a the p rish of Thornton in Lonsd le , where , re dy m a a e a mentioned , y be tr c d some e rly record of the ’ a Fla b a a s s. f mily of Willi m H rdy s wife , the y a a a a Ingleton is gre t contr st to Kirkby Lonsd le , m a a a * a a which ybo st , ccording to Ruskin , of churchy rd affording one of the loveliest scenes in England— and therefore in the world . Whatever moorland hill and sweet r iver and English foliage can be at their best a a is g thered here The ncient church , the visible outcome of twenty or thirty generations of human ’ a a - the a piety, st nds within stone s throw of old m rket and a cross , the bygone now lmost lifeless centre of the a all a little town , close to the steep b nk where of hum n

a a lin - a as sounds you he r only the f l g of the mill stre m , was a a dam it once , driven into its ch nnel by now a ne a abandoned to dec y . The outlook combi s in harmonious gradation what is most naked an d wild a and a a with wh t is most soft cultiv ted in N ture , from t a and a the open ells of B rbon C sterton to the woods , l the lawns and meadows of U nder ey. Mingled with it all is the scent of the flower- gardens adj oining the a and a footpath long the brow, delicious sense of rest and seclusion . But there is little seclusion about Ingleton unless it

- a a be in a pot hole or cavern . The pl ce is well

Fors Clavi era Le er 2 . A trifl e ofe a era ion in his raise g , tt 5 x gg t p of the scener m us fear b e ut do n to i ue from the desi n y t , I , p w p q g - n t e is o serv e ofa cast iron ornament on a seat whe ce he vi w b abl .

1 00 Children of E dward Har dy

H b h a a ouse ot migr ted to Yorkshire in e rly life . They were both no doubt educated at the old grammar school at a Kirkby Lonsd le , but the records of the time have a a been lost . It does not ppe r that either of them and ma a went to the University, we y therefore ttribute their clerical preferment in the first instance to the was a a Rev . John Briggs , who Vic r of Kirkby Lonsd le 1 6 6 1 and a from 7 to 737 , whose buri l is there recorded

- at the age of ninety one . Almost contemporary with

was . a 1 662 him the Rev Joseph Briggs , vic r from to 1 2 7 7 of Kirkburton in the West Riding of Yorkshire , * as at a e - e where he w buried the g of eighty five . R a at Wa a se rches kefield, the birthpl ce of Joseph , a a was contr dict the supposition th t John his brother , but I t hink it may safely be assumed that they were L cousins and was h a , 1 it due to t is connection th t John Hardy was in 1 71 4 1 appointed master of the grammar school which had j ust been established at Kirkburton

Hist. Ki kbu on 68 More ouse r rt . H. . . J h , p 1 It is not unlikely that the y were both grandsons or grand ne e s of Ric ard B ri s a na i e o f Ha ifa who died in 1 6 6 ph w h gg , t v l x , 3 , hav ing b een since about 1 585 sub - master or headmaster ofN orwich i o N tes and ue es th S . V ol W . esso n ri . . Sc oo A . h l ( J p ! , s , VII , p ’ d in B lom field 8 s s e e s Hist. N o olk v o e N o dou ose a a r d. Vol. bt J ph , t t f ( , was re a ed to Au us in B ri s ofN or ic but the edi IV, p . l t g t gg w h , p m ck o S in rf k ree racin e ba t a e N o o is accordin to Dr. g t g th ll l , g

esso ui e un rus or . I n the Kirkb Lonsda e re is ers J p , qt t tw thy y l g t there appear two or three branches of a family of B riggs mainly se ed at Lu on and ese ere ossi re a ed to the vicar ttl pt , th w p bly l t , b ut the ear ies en r is in 1 66 en the icar was a ed abou l t t y 4 , wh v g t mi e i een. I f erefore he had an fa connec ion i Kirkb ght , th , y ly t w th y Lonsda e the mos we can su ose is a his fa er mi ra ed l , t pp th t th g t thither in middle life and this is quite consistent with the suppo sed

W es Ridin ori in of the o e fami . The v icar we ma no e t g g wh l ly , y t , r to n c i r His fe d i does not a ea av e had a d en. i a e e pp h y h l w , g ghty

fiv e redeceased him b ess an six mon s. , p y l th th ous o i More e ist. K rkbur on . 68 . H. . H t 1 J h , f p ohn Har choo master 1 0 1 j dy, S l

* was a a a by the inhabitants . It gr mm r school a a of most elementary kind . Endowments mounting to about £500 were acquired in 1 72 1 and 1 722 to a a a te ch twenty or thirty poor children re ding gr tis , ” and w and a at a - a riting rithmetic h lf ch rges , besides something for their clothes . t At Kirkburton John Ha a a 1 1 a a rdy m rried in Febru ry , 7 7 , M ry , d ughter of a Mokeson a a a Thom s of Yew Tree , homeste d in th t a ai a had as p rish , where it is s d the f mily resided M n h a . okeso yeomen for t ree hundred ye rs Of John , a and as the l st of Yew Tree , Olive his wife , there is ,

. a a a Dr Morehouse c lls it , this singul r record , th t had r a h they thirty child en , of whom four re c ed adult age . From the record of his marriage it appears that the schoolmaster was then also curate . The vicar was

- h a and a now in his seventy nint ye r , prob bly from this a a a he time till his de th ten ye rs l ter, though resided a a in the p rish , he left the cur te to perform the best

a . h p rt of his duties Of his successor, owever, the ’

D O l M. . e A . who was a a Rev Robert y y, , lso Vic r of a a Windsor, it is s id i th t during the whole period of was a his connection with Kirkburton , which ne rly he n a a . Conse forty ye rs , o ly p id three visits to it

A ab e in the sc oo - bui din resumab aced ere in t l t h l l g , p ly pl th it was ui in 1 1 but r i c r 1 6 sa s e e s a de a a ion b os . 73 , y b lt 7 4 , th l t y J B ri s the icar da ed A ri 2 8 1 0 referrin to a sc oo - ouse gg , v , t p l , 7 9 , g h l h

d in h r . a in been erec e t e ea as as A . o ins arish h v g t y l t p t (F C ll , P

Re isters o Kirkburton Vo l. . is s il ro ab e a the g f , II , p It t l p b l th t schoo l was not actually set going till the appointment of J ohn 1 Hardy in 1 7 4 .

L ll Ecclesiastic. E . on C o e io re . b . G eo a ct r or . 1 1 1 wt , p 4 ; Ri W i e His . e d Wm . t W st in Vol. . h t , g II

More ouse . 68 . I h , p 1 0 2 john Hardy of [( irhhurton

a a a - in- a and quently John H rdy bec me cur te ch rge , remained in that position till incapacitated by a * ge .

a a . The neglect of the vic r , s ys Dr Morehouse , to appear more frequent amongst his parishioners gave a a a and a a them gre t c use of compl int , the re son bleness a a of th t discontent ppears to have been felt by Mr . a as a H rdy, is implied in the following f cetious reply a a a 1 1 6 of the vic r to his cur te d ted June 5, 73

Methinks Yorkshire nettles are very forward this a and and ye r sting mightily, surely one or more of them had not lightly touched you when you wrote a saw a a and your l st , for I think I never so m ny m rks a signs of pet as I saw in yours . The people grumble and murmur and upbraid you with my

a . can bsence Silly people for so doing . How you ’ ! l a help it Wel , to set things right I ll cert inly , ’ nex t — this a God willing , be with you summer I c n t

a . . possibly , let m tters require never so much I believe you never once thought how travelling is disagreeable to the Old Fellow— how hard a matter

a . are to . get supply [substitute] for Windsor These a was things . Yesterday the B [ishop] of S rum here and told me that A[rch] B[ishop] of Y[ork] could not visit , neither would he be in your country . So , News a a art p per , wh t thou h Yours in good umour ,

’ D OYLEY .

That this letter does not necessarily cast an un a a ou a f vour ble reflection the energies of the cur te ,

He signed as curate a terrier ofthe V icarage property as late as V l 8 k P . Re . o . . Ma 2 1 o ins Kir b. ar y 5, 74 (C ll , g , II , p

1 04 john Hardy of Kirhhurton

“ and a a 1 22 a a g in in 7 , he s ys I ccount it to myself a great blessing that being by a sickly constitution of a a body forced from the bre sts of my mother , th t a f mous school of the prophets , the University of a a “ a C mbridge , very good providence c st me under the and a an a — av a wings guid nce of ged divine gr e , le rned , and a a and pious ; truly loy l subject to , sufferer for , his Sovereign a most orthodox son of the

” ' - a Church , whose dmonition led his pupil to the study

of the Catechism . In order to promote this study a a a mongst the youth of Kirkburton , the vic r tr n scribed a great drudgery — the whole of the and a and a questions nswers , then found it necess ry

a . a to h ve them printed This print proving f ulty , he ’ had a reprint to which he added the Catechist s

a a . Enl rgement , thus origin ting the present volume ’ 1 0 Mr . Briggs s other work , published in 7 4 , is a Catholick Unit and Church Communion or c lled y , ’ the Christian s Duty to communicate constantly with the Church of England ; with a just reproof of several novel and schismatical notions and practices [occasional conformity] suited to the well- meaning country ’ n i ma s capac ty. The prefaces to both these little books and the dedicatory letters to the Archbishop of York show their author to have been a man honestly devoted to what he conceived to be the spiritual welfare of his a a f a p rishioners , very di ferent person from the typic l

- a a a eighteenth century plur list , of whom we sh ll h ve a something to say in the sequel . Notwithst nding

— Kin ar es was e eaded in anuar 1 6 8 . The o a g Ch l b h J y , 4 9 l y l ’ sufferer was B ri s s fa er- in- law Henr Robinson under om gg th , y , wh he was cura e at S i in on and from om he seems to av e in t w ll gt , wh h h erited his some a ri id urc rinci es More ouse Hist. wh t g Ch h p pl ( h ,

Kirkburton . , p His Family 1 0 5

’ Joseph Briggs s weakly constitution in his early

a - d ys he lived to the age of eighty five . It may seem rather remarkable that as curate and a a vill ge schoolm ster of Kirkburton , where the gross income of the benefice is to - day put at little more a a 00 a a . a th n £3 ye r , the Rev John H rdy should h ve far a as a so t ken root in the soil to found , so to spe k , a local family which retained their hereditary estate in the parish for more than a hundred years after his ’ death . His early experiences on his father s home stead at Beckfoot m ay have perhaps enabled him to

. deal shrewdly in land or even in sheep or wool . He 20 1 6 and died September , 75 , lies buried with his wife a ari his a in the n ve of the p sh church . By will he g ve a house and land in one or other of the Kirkburton or a neighbouring townships to e ch of his four children , all of whose baptisms are duly recorded in the parish i i a . a a as reg ster In the w ll they ppe r Rebecc Bingley , a lia and who widow ; Thom s Wil m Betty , is afterwards described as the wife of Benj amin North of was u a . Almondb ry , merch nt Widow Bingley buried at 20 1 8 1 1 a - Kirkburton , December , , ged ninety three , and thus holds the record in our annals for longevity . William was educated at the ancient grammar school in a n a as a a the dj oi ing p rish of Almondbury , ppe rs a mi at a from his d ssion Trinity College , C mbridge , hi 1 and a 1 1 1 . s B A . M rch 3 , 74 He took in 745, is ’ mentioned in his father s will as a clergyman ; but a a a we are not ble to tr ce him or his descend nts further , and shall find good reason in the sequel to suppose he died without issue . To Thomas was left the property called Birksgate

- a la (or Birks y te) in the township of Thurston nd , which 1 0 6 john Har dy of I firhbur ton

a a a bec me the residence of the he d of the family . Thom s was a a and had a a i all t nner, f mily of ten ch ldren , a a sons , of whom seven , Thom s , John , Edw rd , Joseph ,

a a and a . Ch rles M rius , Julius , Benj min , survived him a 1 1 and He died M rch 9, 777 , lies buried with his wife a in Kirkburton churchyard . By his will he g ve to a and a Birks ate his sons Thom s Edw rd the g property , and to John and Charles an estate at Upper Cumber a his worth , which he prob bly inherited from brother William and it may be taken as some slight indica tion of the values of these properties that he charged on the Birksgate property in favour of his three other a u sons three leg cies of £300 apiece . A beq est to his wife of one bed and beding for the same reads only ’ less oddly than Mrs . William Shakespeare s second best bed but as she is appointed a trustee of the

can a a - a a will , it sc rcely indic te ill feeling , but r ther th t was a a she lre dy well provided for, for he gives the a a a and a residue of his person l est te to Thom s Edw rd , i B ir a ks ate . a the dev sees of g In f ct , it seems prob ble from what follows that the wife was a lady of fortune . a dl a a We h ve no clue to her origin . Od y g in , her a husb nd does not mention even her christian name .

a 6 1 a - and al She died M rch , 795, ged sixty nine , is c led a a a a on the f mily gr ve M rth , though in the register a of buri ls she is called Mary . a a was Thom s the t nner succeeded by his eldest son , who is described in his own will as Thomas Hardy of

Birks ate a . a e g , gentlem n In the course of long lif (he died

1 8 6 a - - in 3 , ged eighty seven or eighty eight) he seems to a a a a a a h ve ccumul ted , in p rt prob bly by me ns of money him a a a left by his mother , consider ble mount of property in the neighbourhood of Kirkburton , besides

1 0 8 john Hardy of Kirhhurton

He was the son of John Hardy of Penistone and seems at the time of his succeeding to his uncle s estate to a have been already in good circumstances . W lworth in 1 836 was a suburb of respectable villas ; and a a a vill , using the term in its then less degr ded sense , a a a a a a a would p y, I im gine , not less th n h lf guine ’ visit . The doctor s will disposes of a considerable

a al a - and S den mount of property in W worth , Chelse , y

ham . Under the terms of the will of his uncle he was at Birks ate a bound to reside g , which he ccordingly a a did till his death in 1 848 . He w s n active county a a * and a a a a a m gistr te , is s id to h ve been Unit ri n by a a a r a religion , driving regul rly behind p i of cre m coloured horses to the chapel at Lidget in a remote part of the parish called Wooldalej The chapel at Lidget has a history going back to the a Restor tion , when hundreds of ministers were ej ected from their livings for refusing to submit to the Act a da and of Uniformity . The Morehouses of th t y since had been its constant sup p ortersfl and their descendant has . . a Dr H . J Morehouse , the histori n of Kirkburton , a e was told me that Mr . H rdy of Birksgat one of his a and a his intim te friends , used often to spe k to him of a Westmorl nd descent . was 5011 He succeeded by his eldest surviving , a a al a Edw rd H rdy of Shepley H l , nother residence in Kirkburton parish which had been purchased by ’ a Thomas Hardy the second in 1 775. On Edw rd s death without issue the family property passed to his

More ouse Kirkburton . 1 0 . h , , p 4 is was o d me anon Hu er a e icar o fA mondbur 1 Th t l by C lb t , l t V l y , Kirk r on n the au ori and Mrs. o ins ife ofthe icar of bu o by C ll , w V t , th ty ofold parish clerks. l on H r Hist. A m dbur . . A . u be I C . l t , y, p 3 75 D r Thoma Har P . s . 1 0 dy, j . 9

a h brother Alfred , the next ten nt for life who , owever ,

had a a. hi m and settled in South Austr li By his son , who would then apparently be tenant - in- tail in re mainder a a a 1 8 1 , the settled est tes were bout the ye r 7 * disentailed and sold .

Thomas Hard o Mir eld 1 68 —1 3 . y f fi ( 3 739)

In order to preserve some continuity as due to the unity of place we have somewhat digressed from a a a a a a our usu l pl n of dv ncing gener tion by gener tion . We must now return to the children of Edward Hardy

. a 1 1 6 of Beckfoot His second son Thom s in 7 , two years after the third son became a schoolmaster at i was a K rkburton , presented by Sir John Armit ge to a a Mirfield the Vic r ge of , which lies close to the south of and a west Dewsbury , consequently but few miles a north of Kirkburton . Sir John Armit ge of Kirklees was the head of a family spread in innumerable a and br nches through Kirkburton , Almondbury , the adj oining districtst benefice Mirfield a a a a The of , sm ll p rish comp red was 1 0 1 8 a a with Kirkburton , in 7 7 only worth £ ye r , 1 1 a 200 but in 7 9 Sir John Armit ge endowed it with £ , ’ and a a a ! ueen Anne s Bounty dded the s me mount , and in 1 732 £200 more and in 1 83 1 the annual value was put at £242 1 Judging from these figures and a a the slight record we h ve of the c reer of his two sons , it might seem the vicar made the most of the income ma a a a derived from his parish . He yperh ps h ve m rried

i i f i fr Mr o ins. I had th s n ormat on om s. C ll ' in Mrs . . A . o s 1 arish Re isters o Kirkburton ed. P g f , by F C ll

l o A lmondbur . 2 6. V ol. . viii A . Hu ber A nna s II , p xl C . l t , f y, p 3 ’

Museum MSS . A Mark am s arish A ccounts B ri is dd. I h P , t h ’ 1 1 W i e s Hi t e c st Ridin Wm . s t We 39 7 h t , g Thomas Hardy ofMirfield a f can ortune , but on this subj ect we furnish nothing t Mirfield and as . a w but conj ecture He died , buried

1 1 . there on December 9, 73 9 No record of his will or administration of his effects being found at York leads to the conclusion that he had no property to a le ve behind him .

I I 2 The tatesmen Their choo s ( 5' the Church S , S l ,

a ha a an a a f ct , t n th t of y other county except L nc shire and and la Yorkshire this , though in popu tion Westmorland was the smallest except Rutland and a a two counties in Wales . Counties of pproxim tely a a the same popul tion cont ined one or two schools . a whereas in Westmorl nd there were forty . Fifty a a o a ye rs g , s ys the commissioner , thirty of these schools a a a 1 86 were still te ching L tin , where s in 7 the number

had dwindled to half a dozen . Three only of these nd a a a a a . now ttempted dv nced L tin Greek , viz a and a Appleby , Heversh m , Kirkby Lonsd le (Hever a it ma a was sh m , y be noted in p ssing , founded by a a Edw rd Wilson of Low Levens , who lso founded the he a a and fortunes of t Wilsons of D ll m Tower) , only Appleby and Heversham had now pupils of an age to a send to the university , though in the c se of Kirkby Lonsdale this was a special point intended to be pro a * vided for by the school ch rter . ’ a a a Mr . Richmond s expl n tion of the l rge number of schools in Westmorland and their decay in modern

i so - a a . e . at times , since the c lled industri l revolution u a the end of the eighteenth cent ry, is wh t chiefly

The ' are a . a interests us y due , he st tes , to the h bits and characteristics of a class of men now declining in and a a numbers import nce , but who were formerly

a a . a gre t power in this p rt of the country , viz the sm ll

a a . a l ndowners or st tesmen These men , he s ys , a a a cle rly distinguished from the l bouring cl sses , looked for something better than the ordinary Village school

, could give but they were not rich enough to ! send their

- sons to a boarding school . They had very different ideas from those of farmers and tradespeople in the

’ D Ric m nd s Re or K k L ir b onsdal S ool . 6 . . o t on e ch . C h p y~ , p 3 5 L earned Simplicity 1 I 3

had a south of England . They no ide of their sons a a a and le rning the m nners of the superior cl sses , their

and - sufficienc strong independence self y, their con a and a tempt for mere extern ls pride of cl ss , which a dmitted no desire to struggle out of it , led them to

: look at home for education . They would not object a a to meeting the lower cl sses in the vill ge school , if there was a scholar who could teach them what they wanted ; otherwise they would walk long distances a a a to gr mm r school , or lodge in the neighbourhood a a and with rel tions or friends . L tin Greek were a a was a a a especi lly sought fter , Homer f vourite uthor ,

and the scholastic profession was held in high honour . a a was a a Moreover , with the l rger st tesmen it lmost matter of course for at least one younger son to go into

the Church . ’ The following quotation from Hodgson s West * morland as it was a a a , written pp rently bout the as an beginning of the nineteenth century , will serve anticipatory comment on the biographies outlined in the preceding and the next generation of our pedigree Families that could afford it sent their sons to one ’ and of the universities , the exhibitions of ! ueen s and a a a College , Oxford , other colleges nnu lly m in tained a a a number of youths whose frug l h bits , and a li a a a industry , bi ties lmost inv ri bly led them to a honourable distinction . But the gre test number a a and completed their educ tion in the he d schools , a a a a bout their twentieth ye r bec me schoolm sters , in which employment they continued till they were at a e a a was g to enter holy orders . This cl ss of schol rs all E a and dispersed over ngl nd , mostly spent their

l I I I 8 2 L M z n V o l. . onsda e a a i e . g , , p 3 1 1 The tatesmen Their choo s ( 5 the Church 4 S , S l ,

ia a a h lives in stipend ry cur cies or sm ll livings . In t is scholastic age the yeoman and the shepherd could enliven their employments or festivities with recita a tions from the be uties of Virgil , idyls of Theocritus , a and a a or wars of Troy . But when shorter e sier w y was opened to the introduction of youth into opulent

a a a a . prospects , this le rned simplicity beg n to dis ppe r a and a had Te chers of writing rithmetic , who hitherto a a a a a w ndered from vill ge to vill ge , now bec me necess ry a a a and ppend ges to the l rger schools , those of inferior note were soon almost exclusively employed in quali f in - y g youth for the counting house or the Excise . The disappearance of the st atesman and his replace ment by small and poor tenant - farmers Which ensued the a in the nineteenth century tended in s me direction . There was no longer the same demand for education the curate and schoolmaster became separate pro * and a a a was . fessions , the st nd rd of the l tter lowered - The foundation of Kirkby Lonsdale school goes back 6 a a a f 1 82 . 1 to 5 On April in th t ye r body of feo fees , a headed by Mr . Edw rd Middleton of Middleton dsal e a 1 00 a a . Go v H ll , received from Mr sum of £ tow rds its erectionj The scheme no doubt existed still a and His a a e rlier , not unlikely th t the money p id over by Godsalve consisted to some extent of gifts and legacies which had been accumulating for some years . Thus the will of John Stoctell (Stockdale) of Mansergh a a a 8 1 80—1 a a H ll houses , d ted Febru ry , 5 , cont ins

’ Ric mond s Memo andum on estmo land ools N ev er h r W r Sch . theless in 1 1 1 the B oard of duca ion re or ed a ne t o , 9 E t p t th t xt B edfords ire and Her fords ire W es mor and had the i es h t h , t l h gh t num b er in pro portion to population of efficient Secondary schools in n nd nd E gla a Wales. 1' S eventh Report ofthe Charity C ommissioners

1 6 The tatesmen Their choo s ( 8 the Church I S , S l , which is the Yorkshire parish immediately adj oining

. a a a a Middleton As lre dy mentioned , br nch of the Otways migrated from Middleton to Ingmire Hall in ma this parish before the period of the Civil War. It y be a a a a a mentioned here th t Thom s Otw y the dr m tist , a a was all a the most f mous of the n me , in prob bility a as of the Middleton stock . His f ther w Humphrey a a Wolbedin a a Otw y , Vic r of g in Sussex , who , it ppe rs , ’ a at h Ma 2 1 62 from his dmission C rist s College , y 5, 7 , at B raffin though born in Hertfordshire , where his a was a a a a f ther vic r , received the l st p rt of his educ tion at Sedbergh . al a And fin ly, let it not be forgotten th t the most sterling of English geniuses who adorned the eighteenth

was a . a art century of Westmorl nd breed Rich rd Hog h , wa a a a a a who s younger son of Westmorl nd st tesm n , brought his learning from his native Bampton to London and set up as a schoolmaster in Bartholomew u a was . Close , where his son Willi m born o November 1 0 1 6 a can a a , 97 . His f mily be tr ced in Westmorl nd a a as * as f r b ck the time of Henry VIII . In the ’ personal character of William Hogarth the statesman s sturdiness and self- sufficiency are extremely well as a marked . And it is worth mentioning here thing not generally known that there are at least two a a portraits by Hog rth apparently p inted in Lonsdale . a a a and a They represent Mrs . M rg ret M wdesley nother of the daughters of one of the Godsalves of Ri maden a and are a g in M nsergh township , mongst a a el ri the f mily portr its of the Gibsons of Wh p gg. Both are of the familiar type represented in the ’ National Gallery by Lavinia Fenton and Hogarth s

Aus in obson Ho arth c a . 11 . t D , g , h p The Otways and Hogarths 1 1 7

and a a a and are a sister , in e ch c se the h ir bodice decor ted with the pearl necklace which is almost equally familiar ’ a a ai as a studio property in the rtist s fem le portr ts . It would be interesting if one could trace any further connection between Hogarth and the native county of his ancestors . CHAPTER VIII

S I ! TH G E N E R ATI O N

T e Division 1 . h children of William Hardy of P ark House

HE register at Tunstal contains six entries of baptisms of children of William Hardy of Park House with dates as follows :

b 1 za 20 1 1 . Eli eth , August , 7 — a a a 1 1 1 . Is bell , Febru ry 5, 7 2 3

a ul 1 1 1 . Edw rd , J y 3 , 7 4 — a a a 1 1 1 6. Thom s , J nu ry 5, 7 5 a a 1 1 6— and John , J nu ry 9, 7 7,

a a h 0 1 1 . Willi m fourth son M rc 3 , 7 9

’ h a h a h who In t eir f t er s will is lso mentioned Josep ( , as a a a was a will ppe r l ter, born in the ye r ending 1 2 as a a a he was August 5, 7 3 , though , lre dy st ted , not a a 1 1 b ptised till Febru ry , who as a a was ba at George , , lre dy mentioned, ptised a a 1 6 1 2 Kirkby Lonsd le , M rch , 7 5, is not mentioned l and ma he in the wi l , we y therefore presume died in ’ a al a his father s lifetime without issue . His b ptism n me may be taken as some intimation that his father was a a a no p rtis n of the house of Stuart . The p ssing of a Jacobite army through Kendal on its way from Scotland to be defeated at Preston in 1 71 5 must have

1 1 8

I 20 Children of William Hardy of Parh House

lia a at a Wil m H rdy , born P rk House in the County ” a a was a at a a of L nc ster, educ ted the gr mm r school ”

a . and a of Kirkby Lonsd le under Mr Noble , dmitted to the college in his eighteenth year as a sizar on June 1 6 a a a , It does not ppe r , but it seems likely th t he also had the benefit of one of the exhibitions of ’ as a was which , mentioned bove , Christ s College

possessed . No doubt Joseph Hardy also had his education at a as a a Kirkby Lonsd le school , but , we sh ll see l ter , he ’ and did not go to Christ s direct from school , this is probably the reason why the place of his e ducation

is not mentioned in the Admission Book .

Thomas and ohn Hard o Leadenhall treet 1 . j y f S — and their children (1 71 6 1 804) In order to deal chronologically with the events recorded in the careers of the four brothers we will a postpone our account of Edw rd , though the eldest ,

a . who as far as till the l st His brother John , seems , can a a a we scert in , to h ve been the pioneer in the was a a a move to the south , dmitted freem n of the as a a City of London , ppe rs from the records of the ’ 6 1 a a a 2 . Musici ns Comp ny, on Febru ry , 745 He a a 2 c me on the livery of the comp ny November 3 , ’

was a . 1 2 . 75 He then living ne r St Peter s Alley , ”

and as a . Cornhill , is described cutler How or why

he adopted this occupation we have no evidence . was r a and He thi ty when he obt ined his freedom ,

Edwardus Hard G ulielmi i ius na us a ud ark ouse in y , F l , t p P h si d e s b Ma ” L ncast . literis instructu ud Kirk Lons a u . corn . a s ap by l g ” dmissus est sizator sub Ma ran anno aet . U n i N oble a g . T t t l the discov ery of this crucial record I had no clue whatev er to any r ion in th di earlier gene at e pe gree . ohn Har Har wareman 1 2 1 j dy, d

had doubtless entered the business as an apprentice possibly in Sheffield or some other Yorkshire town — an a a a a m y years earlier . In th t c se the dv ncement of his business may well have been the inducement for a an his coming to London . We can sc rcely suggest y

other . The only friends of his family of whom we have any trace at this time in the City were two great a a gr ndsons of the Rev . Joseph Briggs , the Vic r of

a s and . 1 Kirkburton , Hob rt Brigg John Briggs In 745 was Ofli ce and a the former in the Excise , the l tter in ffi * a the Post O ce . Although some ten ye rs younger a h a a th n Jo n H rdy , it is not unlikely th t they preceded a al as l a a him in their rriv in London , they wou d n tur lly ffi a enter these o ces direct from school . Their father w s and a Rector of Holt in Norfolk, they were perh— ps a at a a educ ted the gr mm r school there , of which the ’ a and Fishmongers Comp ny were governors , so they m a a y h ve had connections in the City . From 1 754 to 1 765 John Hardy appears in the books ’ of the Musicians Company and various directories as a hardwareman at the corner of Leadenhall ” m Lan 1 66 a r e . Street , but in 7 his ddress is Bi chi T The explanation of his removal is found in the disas

a 1 6 . trous fire which h ppened on November 7 , 7 5 The ’ Gentleman s Magazine for that month ]: contains an a u l a a a cco nt of the fire il ustr ted by pl n , which gives the names and businesses of the occupiers of the ” a a a an numerous houses involved . H rdy , h rdw rem , appears at the corner of Leadenhall Street and Bishops a at a h gate Street . Immedi tely the b ck of t is house

l m fi ld N lk l 1 . 6 0 . B o e e Hist. or o Vo . , f , II ( p 4 ’ ‘ ‘ l Kent s London Directory. I P 535 I 2 2 Children of William Har dy of Parh House

and a a a a f cing Bishopsg te Street is Rutl nd , b rber , and in this shop early in the morning the fire suddenly a started . For want of water and with the aid of southerly wind it soon spread along both sides of

Bishopsgate Street as far as Threadneedle Street . ’ and About seven o clock the wind shifted , the fire

went no further towards the north . From the meeting Leadenhall a point , however , of Street , Bishopsg te a h and all Street , Gr cec urch Street , Cornhill , where r a at a a and four co ners were bl zing once , it spre d e st

a - west , destroying some h lf dozen houses on the north i and Leadenhall h a a side of Cornh ll , in Street lf score the on north , besides two or three opposite . Altogether ,

a - and it is s id, forty nine houses were destroyed fifteen

a a . a a d m ged Sever l lives were lost , but m inly , if not * as a . entirely , the result of f lling ruins In the following year a brand- new row of houses with shops was built on the north side of Leadenhall a Street on the site of those burnt down , the front ge being set back slightly in a curve to widen the thorough fare in correspondence with a similar arrangement in a a a Com hill. An el bor te engraving showing the elev tion of the new buildings is given by Wilkinson in Londina ' a h I llustrata. 1 From this it appears th t the corner ouse but a a now occupied not only its former site , lso th t a and had a a a of the house dj oining , front ge on Le den

a of a - five was h ll Street bout thirty feet , which more

A good account of the fire gathered from contemporary news a ers and o er source o i f rm io i i l h r er e di ion p p th s f n o at n s n Vo . I oft e la g t ’ in the G ui d a Li rar o f Rober i kinson s Londina I llustrata ( l h ll b y) t W l ‘ 8 1 8 - 1 8 2 o i l h 1 os e N o . is is a n of t e fire ( pp t p ate . VIII Th pla ’ iden ica i a in the Gentleman s Ma azine e ce a it is on t l w th th t g , x pt th t r r a la ge scale .

V ol. a e N o . in the Gui d a Li rar di ion. 1 II , Pl t CXXXII , l h ll b y E t

r24 C/zildren of Willi am Hardy ofPark Hom e M a 6 1 66. City on y , 7 This is recorded in the books of ’ a a was l as the C rpenters Comp ny , of which he enro led a a 1 6 as liverym n on July 7 , 7 7, being described of L eadenhall a a a . Street , h rdw rem n ’ - On turning to the registers of St . Peter s upon * a Leadenhall Cornhill , in which p rish this end of Street a as a as 1 8 1 is situ ted , we find e rly December , 757, the a a a b ptism of Henry , son of Thom s H rdy which , if it a a a a a a rel tes to Thom s H rdy the h rdw rem n , is the

earliest record we have of his connection with the City . a a a In the s me register is the b ptism of Thom s , son and a a a 20 1 0 of John Christi n H rdy , Febru ry , 77 , and the burial of Christian Hardy in the south aisle of

a 1 8 1 1 . a the church on M rch , 77 Of the son Thom s a we have no further trace . The uncommon n me of a a as a a Christi n being bestowed , we sh ll find l ter, on a niece and again on a grandniece of John Hardy the hardwareman leaves little doubt as to his being the a a and ma a husb nd of this Christi n , it y lso be inferred a was a as a as 1 6 th t he m rried to her e rly 75 , when the niece named after her was christened . The form of

a a a a a h , her own b ptism l n me , I think , indic tes nort ern origin . h had as all Both the brot ers other children , we sh a see l ter , besides those j ust referred to , but their ’

a a a at . . b ptisms do not ppe r St Peter s Nevertheless , — during the fiv e- and twenty years of their residence at their new house the hardwaremen continued in some u degree their connection with the ch rch . From the ‘ manuscript collections of Robert Wilkinson r in the

rin ed do n to 1 2 b the Har eian Soci P t w 77 y l ety . ‘ — 1 See the second ofthe uar o v o umes . 1 2 2 . Wilkinson q t l , pp 4 , the au or or ublis er ofLandina I llustrata was a residen in the th p h , t ’ St eter s on Corn/t ill l 2 . P 5

Guildhall Library it appears that in 1 767 John Hardy was a a a ppointed trustee of some of the p rish property , and as 1 1 2 continued such till September 3 , 79 , when ad a it is recorded that he h left the p rish . Thomas 1 80—1 and a 1 8 — was overseer in 7 churchw rden in 7 2 3 . Amongst the plates issued by Wilkinson in 1 8 25 in a a connection with the church is pl n , showing the ’ and a a a a pews se ts with cert in occup nts n mes , given

1 8 2 . a a in 7 by Mr Thom s H rdy , then the upper church ” a w rden , to the sextonesses for their discretion . In this plan a spacious compartment at the west end ’ of the church is allotted as the churchwarden s a a a a pew , but it is rem rk ble th t none of the H rdy family are named as occupying seats in the capacity * of inhabitants of the parish . Owing to the small number of householders in the minute City parishes it may well be supposed that every parishioner who was fit for the various parochial offices was in his turn a a ma a a a c lled on to serve , lthough he ynot h ve h bitu lly worshipped in the church . Thomas Hardy became a member of the court of the ’ Carpenters Company in 1 791 and Middle Warden in a a 1 . was 1 794 He nomin ted for Upper W rden in 795, was a but not elected . His brother John M ster of the ’ a a 1 1 2 a and Musici ns Comp ny in 775, in 79 trustee ,

ris nd rus ee o fthe aris ro er as ear s 1 2 His fiv e pa h a t t p h p p ty ly a 79 . v olumes o fmanuscript co llections were intended for a hist ory o fthe aris hi c h e nev er u is ed b ut ere used for a is or ofthe p h , w h p bl h , w h t y c urc i ed af r hi d in 1 8 He u is ed s r u s e s ea . e e a h h , p bl h t th 37 p bl h v l a es i us ra in the c urc and its m onumen s m os o f ic are pl t ll t t g h h t , t wh h co ec i um i he ui d a Li r r Th e com let s ll ted n a vol e n t G l h ll b a y . p e et ’ o f i i c o i U cott s B iblio ra En l e ghteen s atal gued n Wm . p g phy of g ish To o a V ol 0 r h . . . p g p y, II , p 7 9 This plan is in the Co llection of Prints relating to Cornhill r Wa d in th e G uildhall Library . 1 2 6 C/zildren of William Hardy ofP ark House

1 a ffi in 793 tre surer . After this there was a di culty a a but an a was at a bout his ccounts , greement l st come the a as a was and h to between l wyers to wh t due , , t is

a 1 801 a . being p id over in , the tre surer resigned Meanwhile it appears from the directories that in 1 2 had 1 2 Leadenhall 79 the firm moved to 7 Street ,

h 1 801 and a a . w ere they continued till , then dis ppe red

. 1 2 a a . No 7 is in the p rish of St . Andrew , Undersh ft ’ It appears from Horwood s map and from the in a a a form tion I h ve picked up from the p rish clerk , who remembered it as it was before it was pulled down to a ffi and 0 a m ke room for the o ces of the P . . Comp ny , a was a a 1 8 th t it gre t contrast to No . 5 in point of size and position and coupling this with the facts above ’ ’ mentioned concerning the Musicians and Carpenters a a Comp nies , there seems ground for supposing th t the removal of the two old men from their prominent street corner was the result of something in the nature a a al a Ha an of fin nci c tastrophe . d they left y con siderable property some trace of them would be found ’ amongst the wills and administrations at Doctors

and a a a . Commons , here I h ve se rched for them in v in ’

at . They were both buried St Peter s , Cornhill , in the ’ a a had al a south isle , where John s wife Christi n re dy a h a a a 1 Ma been l id , T om s on J nu ry 3 , 799, John on y 1 8 2 0 . 3 , 4 a a a a Ha It ppe rs from the will of Is bell rdy, the a h a d ughter of T om s , proved in London in December ,

a he had a a a . th t lso nother d ughter, Mrs a and a a a b a and H nmer, son , Thom s Fl s y H rdy ; a at the a 2 1 6 a a th t d te of this will , October 9, 79 , Is bell and her brother were living at Leadenhall Street with

an erbur Prero . our . C t y , g C t

1 2 8 Caildren of William Hardy of P ark House

As he was then about twenty- three years of age we may suppose he had obtained a curacy and had been doing the work of some absentee parson in the north or perhaps he had been helping his uncle John at an a a Kirkburton . In y c se , his university c reer seems a a a to h ve been only nomin l , for only six months fter ’ his admission he was appointed by the Clothworkers Company headmaster of their school at Sutton Valence a as a in Kent . This ppointment w prob bly in some measure due to the City connections of his brothers a a at a the h rdw remen , but the s me time it is of some interest to point out a still earlier connection with this

" part of the country which may have had something to do with the matter . Some five or six miles from Sutton in the direction of Maidstone is the parish of 1 1 2 1 22 Loose , the incumbent of which from 7 to 7 1 6 was . the Rev Henry Briggs , now (in 74 ) Rector of

a a - in- a Holt in Norfolk , ch pl in ordin ry to the King , and a a and f ther of Hob rt John Briggs , the two young and f a a men in the Excise Post O fice lre dy mentioned . l a was . W He the son of Dr il i m Briggs , of Town

a a a was a - in M lling, ne r M idstone , who physici n nd 1 a a a 0 . ordin ry to King Willi m , died in 7 4 Besides a a a was a his son Henry he lso left d ughter , who m rried a and a to Dennis M rtin of Loose , who therefore prob bly ’ still remained in the neighbourhood after her brother s * departure to Norfolk . a and On the other h nd, not only were Henry Briggs a a his sister gr ndchildren of first cousin of the Rev . a had Joseph Briggs , Vic r of Kirkburton , but Henry a at 1 1 20 as m rried Kirkburton on September 5, 7 , his a a a second wife , Gr ce , d ughter of Joseph Briggs of

H s ed H s o K n irs di ion V ol. 2 1 a i tor e t . . t , y f , F t E t , II , p 4 j oscp /z Hardy and the Briggs Family 1 29

’

and a a a h . Liverpool , consequently the vic r s gr ndd ug ter This clearly shows the intimacy between the Yorkshire and Kent branches of the Briggs family existing at the time when there must also have been a close intimacy between the former and John Hardy of ’ Kirkburton and considering Joseph Briggs s con nection a with John Briggs , the Vic r of Kirkby Lons a it a a d le , is not unlikely th t it extended to the f mily ’ a a had a of John H rdy s brother Willi m , who rem ined a in the Kirkby Lonsd le neighbourhood . Indeed , it seems very probable that the name of Joseph was given by William Hardy to his son out of compliment to a was a the Vic r of Kirkburton , who perh ps Joseph ’ a Hardy s godfather . It is noteworthy th t the eldest was a and son of Henry Briggs lso christened Joseph , ’ he would be within a year or two Joseph H ardy s * contemporary in birth . Joseph Hardy continued in his post as master of Sutton Valence school from 1 746 for the remaining

’ According to th e Briggs pedigree in B lom efield s History of l h ic r of Kirk u o w h e son of N or o k Vol. . t e a r n as t f ( II , p V b t S m ri k D or o Hi o Kirkbur on a uel s o f a e e d. r. e u e t B gg W fi l M h s ( st. f ) sa s h e was th e son of William and iden i es him i ose son y , t fi w th J ph , f i is d t k e e d M 2 1 6 B e w o W iam ba e a Wa a . ut er as ll , pt fi l , y 5, 39 th a so a ose son o f ose h ri s a ised ere anuar 2 8 l J ph , j p B gg , b pt th J y , 1 6 0 —1 and hi s corres o nds i th e admission at Ma da ene 4 , t p w th g l o e e am rid e fro m ak e e d G rammar Sc oo of ose C ll g , C b g , W fi l h l , J ph son o f ose ri s of W ak e e d deceased 1 annos na u s J ph B gg fi l , , 4 t ’ o M i i r r n 2 m field s ed ee M s . a 1 1 6 . A a n a ou in B lo e y , 54 g , lth gh p g ’

Henr B ri s s fa er is ca ed William accordin to Mrs . . A . y gg th ll , g F o lins K k u on P s R i e V ol cc i hi nam e was ir b rt ari h e st rs . . c s C l ( g , II , p lxxx ) ’ os us t the ime o fthe ism s o fHenr B ri s s son and o f J eph. Th a t bapt y gg ’ ose Hard the a er s c ris ian nam e had run rou ree J ph y , l tt h t th gh th enera ions o f the ri s fami ereas it is en ire ab sen from g t B gg ly , wh t ly t ll o i im a the pedigrees of the Barbon Hardys prev ious t th s t e . ’ The untrustwo rthiness of B lomefield s pedigree is po inte d o ut by D 0 r. esso in N otes and ueries if Series Vol. . . J p ! , F th , VII , p 5 7 K 1 30 Children of William Hardy of P ark House

a a forty ye rs of his life . Sutton V lence , otherwise l Town Sutton , lies on the steep ridge of hi ls running east and west about five miles north of Staplehurst . It has a magnificent view over the Weald of Kent and

- a Sussex indeed, the outlook from the b ttlements of e ma a a a and the church tow r y be c lled p nor mic , it is credibly stated that in favourable states of the atmosphere it includes a glimpse of the English a t a Ch nnel . Bu notwithstanding his he lthy surround ings our ancestor Joseph only lived to the age of

- a a a all sixty three , predece sing by sever l ye rs his elder and a a a all h brethren , it is rem rk ble th t his eight c ildren

except two seem to have died young . ’ The Clothworkers School was founded by William — a was ma a 1 6 0 . L mbe , who ster of the comp ny in 5 9 7 a ma From rough woodcut , which ybe seen reproduced a a a al on post c rd , it seems th t the origin building , which was replaced by the present ones in Mid * a was a a - a Victori n times , l rge three g bled house in Tudor brick ornamented with the familiar lozenge or

diaper pattern in bricks of a different colour . On your left as you face this building is shown the row of a and a a lmshouses , on the right Georgi n or ! ueen Anne house with an entrance under a hood on brackets flanked on each side by two sash - windows with promi a a nent keystones . Above is row of five simil r windows All on the first floor surmounted by a deep parapet .

these buildings abutted immediately on the street . After the Elizabethan buildings had been pulled down the Georgian house was left standing till about thirty a a o as a a a a a ye rs g , ppe rs from photogr ph of it lso

I n 1 9 1 0 additional buildings were erected on an alto gether differen si e ou sid h o t t t e t e t wn .

joseph Hardy : Sutton Valence School 1 3 1 reproduced on a modern post card and labelled the "

a a a . old gr mm r school , Sutton V lence , Kent This house was undoubtedly built as a residence for a and a a the m ster, j udging from its rchitectur l style one would say it was of at least as early a date as the a a ppointment of the Rev . Joseph H rdy . The records of the company contain nothing more definite about it than an ent ry in the Court Minute Book dated 1 80 a December 5, 4 , showing th t some time between 1 594 and that time the company had expended very a consider ble sums in erecting it . Before this the master had a convenient chamber or lodging with a other necess ry rooms , which were ordered to be a 1 constructed by the comp ny in 594, the founder having himself apparently left nothing but the school and al a mshouses , without providing nything for their a a rep ir or the housing of the m ster . The original n m a a * was a e dow ent , ccording to H sted , good house and a a a 20 a and g rden , besides s l ries of £ for the m ster 1 0 an was al a a a £ for usher . There so s l ry of £5 for 1 1 an English usher left by will in 7 3 . Joseph Hardy seems to have married about 1 750 his h a a the eldest of c ildren , whose b ptisms I h ve at al discovered Sutton V ence , being born in October , ’ 1 1 a to his a 75 . But we h ve no clue wife s f mily or the a a a a pl ce of their m rri ge . We only know from the gr nt ’ ' of administration to her of her husband s estate ou M r his death that her name was a y. T t 1 . . a a In 755 he took the degree of LL B C mbridge , ’ and it appears from entries of his children s baptisms in the parish registers that some time between 1 759

Kent irs di ion V o l. . 1 . Hist. , F t E t , II , p 4 5

A s 1 6 1 86. an . Prero . our u u t C t g C t , g t , 7 1 3 2 Children of William Hardy of P ar!: House and 1 761 he added to his duties as a schoolmaster a a those of cur te of Sutton V lence , which were no doubt identical with those supposed to be performed a and be by the vic r , therefore included the duties a a a longing to the dj oining p rish of E st Sutton . The vicar or his representative preached alternately at a and the two churches on Sund y , morning The holder of the benefice from 1 759 to 1 761 was a ma a S muel Venner , who y then h ve been too old for

di 1 6 . was service , for he ed in 7 4 He succeeded by a Nichol s Broome , but from the evidence of the registers it appears the curate still continued in office ; and as a a a doubtless , toler bly consistent bsentee , the new

a - a vic r, who held the living for forty one ye rs , found the school with its clerical headmaster a very con

venient s . a a in titution For , ccording to H sted , writing a a 1 0 a a bout the ye r 79 , the p rson ge houses both in East Sutton and Sutton Valence had been for many years in the possession of the Payne and Filmer families respectively under leases from the Dean and

a a a . Ch pter of C nterbury , who were the p trons In 1 762 the schoolmaster was presented by the a a Archbishop of C nterbury to the rectory of He dcorn , a l a a a vi l ge bout five miles south of Sutton V lence . a His sign ture is found in the registers of both churches , but as the curate to whom a memorial is erected in the church at Headcorn must ordinarily have done ’ a a a can a the duty there , the rector s ppe r nce only h ve a a been occ sion l . 1 6 was a h a In 7 9 he nomin ted by Sir T om s Rider , a a a the lord of the m nor, to the perpetu l cur cy of B ilsin ton a Winchilsea a a g , T ne r , of the cle r v lue ,

L i am e Re s er. Hasted. T b th g t

‘ 1 34 Children of William Har dy ofParh House

* would lose their occupation and be turned adrift . was a a To this it rej oined th t the cur tes themselves , beneficed as a who were sometimes , took m ny cures as and a they could get hold of , lived for the s ke of amusements and company in a market - town sometimes a n dozen miles from their be efices. j

. a as a a a a The Rev Joseph H rdy , ppe rs from t blet on the south a a f w ll of Sutton V lence Church , died on August ’ 86 - 1 a h . was a 5, 7 , ged sixty t ree He buried in L mbe s , ’ a was h the Founder s Ch pel , which on the sout side of the chancel ; but the tablet does not indicate that a spot , the church h ving been entirely rebuilt between a 1 82 and 1 828 a the ye rs 3 , though m inly on the old

plan . j: The memorial to the schoolmaster seems to have been erected on the occasion of the death on 1 6 1 82 a a October , 3 , of his d ughter H rriet , wife of a Willi m Kingsley , Esquire , of Sittingbourne , who 0 1 82 and a himself died June 3 , 7 , is commemor ted in ma a ha addition . It y be reason bly concluded t t notwithstanding his numerous sources of income the

Rev . Joseph Hardy left but little wealth behind him a and a a for he died without will , only eleven d ys l ter letters of administration of his effects were granted to

a . a as a his widow, M ry We sh ll find her still living l te Ma 1 as 6. y, 79

E d ard 1 1 —1 6 The Rev. dwar H 3 . y ( 7 4 79 )

’ a a Edw rd H rdy , the eldest of Joseph s brethren , ’ nd a 1 6 took his degree of B A . a de con s orders in 73

8 M 1 80 1 . . Gent a . . g , , p 9 7

I bid . 1 08 . j . , p 9

See A n A ccount o the hurch b . . An e ] a as 1 f C , y C F g l , p t ’ master ofthe Clothworkers Company Edward Hardy Sevenoahs School 1 3 5

’ and priest s orders in In 1 749 he married Cu is a rte . a Miss Esther , d ughter of the Rev Thom s Curteis a and was of Seveno ks , he presented to the al a a a rectory of H ste d , bout five miles from Seveno ks , in ' It appears from the second edition of Hasted s

i t r o nt ol. m H s o Ke V . 1 a Willia y f , III p 9, th t a dl an Edward a ' H rdy , undoubte y error for H rdy , 1 was r a a was a a who Recto of H lste d, lso m ster of the school at Sevenoke but from various books of

a . the ha s h ccount , etc , belonging to governors of t t c ool , a a was a a and it is cle r th t he never he dm ster, there is

a an a a - no n me given in the books of y ssist nt master . It is am using to observe that the salary paid from 1 7 1 9 to the headmaster included provision for an

- a a a . ala 1 1 usher or ssist nt m ster The s ry down to 77 , Wh a a a a when Henry itfield , rel tive by m rri ge of the Curteis famil was a was nl 0 y, t. ppointed , o y £5 , but within ten years after that £25 was added as a ’ contribution towards the usher s place . Yet in 1 774 a special resolution was passed by the governors that

Wh h an - a Mr . itfield s ould provide under m ster to can a encourage the school . We sc rcely suppose

was an - a h and there y under m ster before t is , this it as a a w , doubtless , which led to Edw rd H rdy being l a appointed to the post . We shou d perh ps not be far wrong in concluding that the arrangement between the m aster and his assistant was something of the same nature as that between the absentee incum h bent and his curate . Nor would t is supposition be

i r Lambe th Reg ste .

is re ea ed in his accoun ofSev enoaks . See be o 1 It p t t l w . ’ lo i — K n I B erry s County Genea g es e t. 1 3 6 Children of William Hardy of Parh House

’ altogether inconsistent with Hasted s statement in his first edition that the school was then flourishing

under the Rev . Henry Whitfield . His not mention ing Edward Hardy might be due to his appointment ’ not having come to the author s knowledge when he went to press . The fact that Edward Hardy was brother- in- law of i h . a Curte s ad a Dr Thom s , who succeeded his f ther as a ffi a Rector of Seveno ks , is quite su cient to ccount was for his connection with the school , even if it his ability as a teacher which caused it to flourish for the a ur ei was rem ining twenty years of his life . Dr . C t s a as was a governor, lso the Duke of Dorset , to whom Cu i a a . rte s was a a a t Dr priv te ch pl in Knowle , the duc l residence in the immediate neighbourhood . The family of Curteis is amongst those well known in the a and and We ld of Kent , their pedigrees connections ’ a l i a re displayed in Berry s County Genea og es. The d te ’ of Edward Hardy s marriage appears from a reference ’ wl a a in his il to his wife s m rri ge settlement , which a 2000 a comprised sum of £ , but it seems she bec me entitled sooner or later to something like double that a at a as a a mount the le st , on her de th her person l estate was sworn at under and this was probably in addition to the settlement . I t does not appear how Edward Hardy became

a a a . a cqu inted with this l dy Her f ther , besides being a and a a p tron , rector, vic r of the living of Seveno ks , had held for some thirty years the uncommonly rich benefice a was in of Wroth m , which the gift of the

and a a at 1 000 a a . Archbishop , is v lued by H sted £ ye r ’ 1 a a He died in 747 , two ye rs before his d ughter s

a a and was . a m rri ge , succeeded by his son The l tter

1 38 Children of William Hardy of Parh House

a . a 0 1 a a was fter On M rch 3 , 775, Edw rd H rdy instituted a * s . was his successor This , however , only in the

a a - a c p city of a family warming p an. The p tronage was

a a - in- law and vested in D vid P pillon , the son trustee a a a l Curteis of the l te rector , whose son Thom s S ckvil e ’ was in due course presented in 1 777 on Hardy s resi n g ation. T The intimate connection of Edward Hardy with the Curteis family seems to account to a considerable a a a extent for the p tron ge obt ined , not only by himself , i r . . a a but by his brothe Joseph Dr Curt s , in ddition a at a C a a at to his f mily living Seveno ks , the h pl incy and d a a Knole , two or three other posts , hel c nonry ’ at Canterbury from and the Hardys livings of a and a a all He dcorn , Monkton , H lste d were in the gift wa ma of the Archbishop . In the same y we y readily rteis a account for Dr . Cu obt ining for himself from the

a and a 1 6 . De n Ch pter in 75 the rectory of St Dionis ,

a . B ckchurch , in the City of London i This church , was 1 8 which pulled down in 77, stood in the corner an d an between Lime Street Fenchurch Street , d consequently was very near the abode of Edward ’ Hardy s brothers in Leadenhall Street . It would not have been surprising to find that he was at an early a was a a . d te cur te of St Dionis , but th t this not the case is clear from the names of the curates regularly ’

a . a entered in the p rish registers The rector s sign ture , a it need sc rcely be mentioned , is conspicuous by its absence . a a and a Edw rd H rdy died in his will , d ted Ma 20 1 6 was a 1 6 1 y , 79 , proved on Febru ry , 797, by

‘ Re is er. H s ed Lambeth g t 1 a t . i r H s ed m Re s e . a i La beth g t t . ’ Edward Hardy s Will 1 39

* his nephew Robert Cumming . After referring to ’ his wife s marriage settlement he gives his own property a to his own rel tions . Besides Robert Cumming he a and a n mes his brothers John Thom s , the widows of and a a l a his brothers Joseph Willi m , his nieces Is be l ,

a a and . and his M ri , Mrs Kingsley, nephew George , as was who , will be seen below , the youngest son of his a brother Joseph . There is no mention of Henry H rdy a a a or of his nephew Thom s Fl sby H rdy . His widow , was a who ppointed executrix , did not j oin in proving d w l . her a a an the i l She survived husb nd three ye rs , it is evidence that she left no issue that administration

a was a . of her est te gr nted to her nephew , the Rev

a a ll Curteis as . Thom s S ckvi e , one of her next of kin j

r ur . r Cante b y Prerog Cou t .

an . Prero . our A ri 1 1 1 t C t g C t, p l , 799 . CHAPTER I !

S ! H G A O C ONTI N UED I T ENER TI N ,

C ildren o T d Mir eld Division 2 . h f homas Har y of fi (1 71 9—1 779)

a Mirfield HOMAS HARDY , the Vic r of , seems a had a to h ve only two children , whose b ptisms are h Mirfield a as bot recorded in the p rish register , follows

a l 1 1 and Willi m , Ju y 4 , 7 9 — a 2 1 22 . John , Febru ry 5, 7 3

l a From the col ege books we find Willi m , son of the ’ a at Mirfield a at Rev . Mr . H rdy , born , dmitted Christ s , M 1 a a a 26 8 . C mbridge , y , 73 Like his cousin Edw rd ,

he was educated at Kirkby Lonsdale school under Mr . * was a a a a a Noble . He lso siz r , but it does not ppe r a an r that he w s exhibitioner . He took his deg ees 1 M 1 a B A 1 and A . . was of . in 74 in 745 He prob bly

he a a M. A a t . identic l with Rev Willi m H rdy, who , ’ a was a ccording to the Archbishop s register , ord ined a a 1 1 1 and 2 de con on M rch 4, 74 , priest September 3 , 1 and was a 744 , who instituted to the rectory of E stwell , a a a ne r Wye , in Kent , on the present tion of the E rl of il Winch sea 6 1 . on July , 745 As there is no mention of a 2 1 him in the will of his brother John d ted October ,

m Kirk M I n the c s . N a e I n schola de by Lonsdale sub oble . ” of d ard the ords are sim a ud Kirk Lonsda e etc. E w w ply p by l , 1 40

1 4 2 Children of Thomas Hardy of Mirfield

a and a the a unm rried th t n me of his wife , who proved the will in the Canterbury Prerogative Court on

1 0 1 was . a September , 779, Anne In def ult of his daughter leaving issue he gives his property ultimately a to his cousins , Joseph H rdy of Town Sutton , clerk , a a a and a Edw rd H rdy of Seveno ks , clerk , John Thom s a h a a a a H rdy of Bis opsg te , h rdw remen , Eliz beth Cum a and a a ming of Kirkby Lonsd le , widow, Thom s H rdy and of Kirkburton , Yorkshire , his two sisters . Whether or not Frances Catherina married and had

are a a . can a issue we not ble to st te We , however, ver that no tradition of any share of her fortune having passed to her cousin Joseph or his representatives has yet reached those of his descendants who are at present in being . Our record of the last - named Thomas and his two sisters , who would come next in the series of the a has a a sixth gener tion , lre dy been given with our

a a . a ccount of their f ther Of Robert , the son of Eliz al and beth Cumming of Kirkby Lonsd e , of the de scendants and a a a of John Thom s H rdy of Bishopsg te , we have also dealt in anticipation . We come therefore at a a l st to ourselves , the descend nts of their brother

Joseph . CHAPTER !

S EVENTH GENERATION

Children of j oseph Hardy of Sutton Valence

HE parish register at Sutton Valence gives the following list with dates both of birth and ’ baptism of the schoolmaster s children :

22 b . 0 1 1 . John , born , ap 3 October , 75

ba 1 6 1 . a . 21 a . Thom s , b M rch , p April , 753

8 u ba . u 1 a a a . 2 M tild Eliz beth , b J ly, p 9 Aug st , 755 1 20 (d . 5, buried April , ba 1 6 . a a a . 2 Ann Christi n , b August , p 3 September ,

1 756.

a ba 0 1 . Hariot . 2 . 2 , b 3 M rch , p April , 759

Ma 1 61 . 6 a ba . l am . 1 Wil i , b M rch , p 4 y, 7

ba a 1 6 . 1 r a . Joseph , b . 3 Feb u ry, p 9 M rch , 7 4

1 6 66. 1 6 ba . 1 George , b . November , p December , 7

a and W a a Of these John , Thom s , illi m must h ve died as young , Joseph their younger brother is described as the eldest son in the entry of his admission at a Ma 0 1 8 2 . Pembroke College , C mbridge , on y 3 , 7 Of Anna Christiana I have no trace beyond her a ’ b ptism . She is not mentioned in her uncle Edward s M 0 1 6 a a 2 . a as he will d ted y , 79 In f ct , only mentions

Hariot . and ma (Mrs Kingsley) George , it y be con ha cluded t t none of the others were then living . Of a a a a a a Joseph it is s id , ccording to reli ble tr dition , th t 1 43 1 44 Children of/ osep h Hardy

was a a at he ch pl in Knole to the Duke of Dorset , a a which , from wh t we know of his f mily connections , a and a a seems quite prob ble , th t he died unm rried in a e rly life . ’ Of George s marriage I have not been able to find an 88 and vi . a 2 1 y direct e dence The d te July 5, 7 , the name of his wife Mary I have found at the foot of a ’ list of his children s birthdays written on the upper part of a half- sheet of foolscap which was formerly a a in the possession of his youngest d ughter H nnah . The marriage is registered neither at Sutton Valence

at first- was nor Shoreditch , where the born christened , at ’ nor St . Peter s , Cornhill . The bridegroom being in

- a m a a his twenty second ye r, we y conj ecture th t it was a a a a all can sa run w y m tch . Of the bride we y is * a a e was all - and a th t her g but twenty three , th t her surname of Dalton is decidedly suggestive of the North

as a - a Parlia Country . It occurs a pl ce n me in the — mentary Gazetteer about a dozen times always in

a a a a . Northumberl nd , Durh m , Yorkshire , or L nc shire There is a manor of Dalton in Lancashire immediately a a dj oining the Westmorland bound ry . ’ George Hardy s coming to London can scarcely have been altogether unconnected with the residence Leadenhall and of his uncles in Street , it is possible that he was for a time in their employ . But it seems more probable that he went into the Excise Office on a a ma a his first rriv l , which y well h ve been before he a at a as a as 1 0 as a a m rried, or le st e rly 79 , th t is the l st year in which the name of David Papillon appears in the annual list of the Excise Commissioners . He

Her ir da u 2 1 6 is added to the is o f her b th y , J ly 7 , 7 5, l t ’ i r n i urn me ch ld e s w th her s a .

1 46 Childr en ofjoseph Haray

ria e ma a had the a the g , y h ve their kin in r nks of a a was service for gener tion or more , but it not every body in the office whose uncle was brother- in- law a was a a to the senior commissioner, whose f ther p rson

with , three an a h or four livings in the gift of rchbis op , as a or whose elder brother w ch plain to a duke . Proud

though he might be of these connections , he would a and not be disposed to bo st of them , still less to a a tr de upon them . C dging for promotion might suit a and a others, but for him honour ble conduct ste dy attention to business ought to be enough to secure his

deserts . If these were his sentiments it need not surprise us that after a long and severe struggle to maintain his rapidly growing family in early life his officialdom a rise in should be slow, especi lly in the a a a tmosphere which prev iled in the d ys of the Regency , and that he should be able to leave little or nothing a a for the support of his widow, notwithst nding ne rly half a century of quill - driving and arithmetic in a had a a Government employ . Prob bly she sm ll a a pension . She survived her husb nd eleven ye rs , dying in the house of her son John in Canonbury

a a a 21 1 8 . Squ re on J nu ry , 43 She is remembered by more than one of her grandchildren as sweet and a and ' a a ch rming , on the gr ndchildren of her gr nd a a a e a children her portr it , p inted in her old g in

- fittin - ca a close g mob p , still looks down with quiet smile . CHAPTER ! I

EIGHTH GENERATION

1 Geor e Hard and his Children 1 8 —1 8 . g y ( 7 9 92)

ROM the entries of the baptisms of George ’ H ardy s numerous children something may be a a l and a and le rnt of his e rly ife circumst nces , inci dentally some light may be thrown upon the topo graphy of the veritable suburbs of London City at a the end of the eighteenth century , when the st te of things was very different from anything the present h s l a generation a known . It shou d perh ps be premised a Oflice was a and th t the Excise then in Bro d Street , a was a a had th t it necess ry for clerk , who to be on

at an a a - a his stool e rly hour, to h ve his dwelling pl ce i an a a a The era with n e sy w lk of th t spot . of the London a n 1 8 omnibus d tes o ly from 29. The following is a list of the children of George and Mary Hardy as entered in the registers of their bap ’ i m a t s s at . , the first three being St Leon rd s , Shore ’ and at a al ditch , the rest St . M tthew s , Bethn Green

8 Ma 2 ba . 21 1 . George born y 5, p June , 7 9

a . 1 0 . Willi m July 9 Aug 4 , 79 * h Ma 1 2 . Jo n y 9 June 3 , 79

This date is the only one which does not agree with the list referr I n th resen a ion ed to abo e ere it is i en as Ma . e v , wh g v y 7 p t t ’ book t i s M a Christ s Hospital it s given a ayfg. 1 47 1 4 8 George Hardy and his Children

Hariot an. 1 J 5, 794 . a r 6 1 . 2 . H r iot Aug , 795

1 6. George Frederick Sep . 4 , 79 a . 1 1 1 8 . H rriet Nov , 79 a 1 1 801 . M ry Ann April 9, Eliza Ma I 8O y 4 ’ 4 ' Hannah Maria a 1 808 Lewis Ad m April 3 , .

’ In the first en try the parents address is given as ai and as the Curt n, in the second Holywell

. a and Mount No such ddresses now exist , some little investigation of the ancient state of Shoreditch is

a . a necess ry to find them If the two were not identic l , at an a a a they were both , y r te , , in or very ne r to wh t a a a a far is now Curt in Ro d , thoroughf re from inviting to a newly married couple in search of a genteel though a a modest home . In district m inly interested in the a a and m nuf cture of household furniture , it runs north and a a a south on the west side of, p r llel to , the high ro d a as a c lled Shoreditch ; which , in the d ys of John a Gilpin , connects Bishopsg te Street , through Norton t a and ol a e ar . F g , with Kingsl nd , Edmonton , W e Curtain Road is connected with Shoreditch by Wor at a ship Street its south end , bout the middle by a and at Holywell L ne , its north end by the piece of the Old Street Road between the London Apprentice ’

a . and St . Leon rd s Church ’ Str e s In the maps by R . Blome in yp editions of ’ “ Stow s Survey of London (1 720 and 1 755) the Cur tain is shown as a wide roadway or strip of open space corresponding with that part of Curtain Road which now runs from Worship Street (then Hog Lane) as far

1 50 George Hardy and his Children

Parliament * was passed for improving the road through Worship Street and the Curtain to the x and a a Ditchside ne t Holywell Mount , m king new road thence through garden ground to the London was a Apprentice . It cle rly under this Act that Cur a a a c t in Ro d c me into existence , but we annot be certain how long after 1 756 the work was completed b a or when new houses were uilt long it . ’ In Ellis s History of Shoreditch and N orton Folgate 1 8 a a h ( 79 ) he s ys th t Holywell Mount , covering t ree a was a a 1 8 and a cres , levelled bout the ye r 7 7 , th t streets had since been built on the and Hor ’ wood s Map of London in 1 799 shows these streets and

- an Curtain Road laid out as they are to day. All we c say therefore for certain is that the conversion of the Curtain and Ditchside into Curtain Road and the covering of the Mount with houses took place at some time between 1 787 and 1 798— possibly to some extent a a a Ma 2 before , but prob bly lmost entirely fter y 5, ’

1 8 da a a a . a 7 9, the y of the ppe r nce of Mrs George H rdy s

- first born . The only houses now existing in Curtain Road which can hav e been standing anything like a hundred years are the rather picturesque block on the east side

at - in a a was a the south end f ct , on wh t origin lly a ha h the Curtain . It seems prob ble t t t ese were at an a a e built when the improvements were e rly st g , and George H ardy may therefore have lived there in 1 789 Holywell Mount might be a vague way of referring to one of the newly built streets on that site a as was a but more prob bly, it seems to me , it nother

2 G eo . ca . . 9 II , p 4 4

0 i r s 2 r. 1 . 2 . Chassereau ves the a ea a a. t p . 7 g 3 3 p The Curtain and Holywell Mount 1 51 name for the short continuation of the Curt ain at the h had a side of the Mount , w ich formerly been c lled i a h a Ditchs de . The old m ps s ow buildings dj oining this spot at an early date on ground which fo rmed a a and the b ck side of the ncient Holywell Priory , the course of the improvements would barely have reached this point inz1 790 . Indeed it might be sup posed that the Curtain also was only a euphemism for Ditchside and a a s , , th t both ddre ses refer to the one

a the n . an bode opposite Mou t There is , however , odd little coincidence which inclinesZone to the old buildings as t The he earlier home of the youthful couple . blind alley which runs along the south side of these buildings Ma a bears the name of Hearn Street . y it not be th t a as a a a Alderm n Herne who , lre dy mentioned, g ve ’ them a presentation for their boy at Christ s Hospital 1 800 was n and h in , the owner of these buildi gs , t erefore ’ George Hardy s landlord in 1 789 the a a h h It is not surprising , considering lter tions w ic must necessarily have been in progress in Curtain Road 1 8 and a a a and his am in 7 9 l ter , th t our ncestor f ily Th did not remain there long . e next entry in the a 1 2 as register gives their bode in June , 79 , Union Street There is no Union Street actually in Shore h a h ha a ditc p ris , but t t recognised by the p rish clerk as belonging to it runs east from Bishopsgate Street * and has without to Crispin Street , since with its a a a continu tion , P ternoster Row, been ren med Brush a field Street . It was doubtless c lled Union Street

B ishopsgate Stree ts Within and Without are now offi : ially renamed B is o s a e a ra er unfor una e c an e endin to h p g t th t t h g , t g su es a the ori ina G a e was a s ree as it mi e gg t th t g l t t t , ght w ll hav e been accordin to N or ern or Mid and usa e ereas it was , g th l g , wh an o enin th i p g in e C ty wall . 1 52 George Hardy and his Children

a S italfields at bec use it united the City with p , the same time passing through a small area which was as outside both , known the Liberty of the Old Artillery at Ground . The name of this area lying immedi ely a ac outside the City speaks for itself . As pr tising ground for the gunners from the Tower it “did not want a a and a was p rish church , fter it superseded by the New Artillery Ground near B unhill Fields “ and built

- a a a a . upon , it still rem ined extr p rochi l Consequently a a had a a the inh bit nts to go for christenings , m rri ges , and burials to such neighbouring church as theychose . It was therefore natural that the third child of a o George H rdy , if born in this Liberty , sh uld be christened at the same church as the two elder ones . There is nothing in the register to guide us to any a a a i p rticul r house in Union Street , but the p rt with n the Liberty is marked off by the backs of the houses and in two streets which cross it , Duke Street Gun a a a a Street . The gener l ppe r nce of the little houses , a all a and now ne rly m de into shops some rebuilt , is a and a a squ lid depressing , but of course they h ve gre tly deteriorated with age and the increasing closeness of e their surroundings . The cross stre ts do not seem to a 1 as are have been built till fter 799, they not shown ’ on Horwood s map of that date . The entries in the register at Bethnal Green give us a as and no inform tion to residence , our next evidence ’ on that point is the record of John Hardy s admission ’

a 26 1 800 . a to Christ s Hospit l on April , His f ther is as a f there described clerk in the Excise O fice , residing

t a . at 2 George S reet , Bethn l Green Of George Street a a a and a only a sm ll p rt rem ins , is now c lled Code e Street . It runs north from Buxton Street (form rly

1 54 George Har dy and his Children houses on the east side j oined the little wayside ’ ha Ho e s mlet of Hoxton , otherwise gg Town . The old houses in the narrow High Street have still many a a a fe tures reminiscent of those dist nt d ys , which seem easier to realise than those of the early nineteenth a a century . Of th t time the g rden is probably the

a - a le st ltered feature which now remains in the square . As to the time when George H ardy lived there a a as a tr dition does not spe k definitely, but the squ re a ma a is in Shoreditch p rish , it y be presumed th t he did a a 1 808 not move thither till fter M rch , , when his youngest child was christened at Bethnal Green . a r a On the other h nd, there is e son to suppose it did not ha a a a continue long after 1 8 1 2 . In t t ye r the m rri ge took a a a d a pl ce between his eldest son Willi m , then ge bout

- and the a a sat twenty two , d ughter of one of his colle gue the ffi h a * was h Excise O ce , T om s Kemp , who his neig bour in Hoxton Square and it is said that out of this event arose differences between the two families which led the Hardys to move away . a h h but a It is not s id whit er t ey moved , there is

' tradition that for a considerable time their place of a s ha a bode wa Norton Folgate . W t is gener lly known as Norton Folgate to - day is the short length of the aforesaid ancient highway to Edmonton which connects the north end of Bishopsgate Street Without with the south end of Shoreditch . This short thoroughfare— but at its south end only the eastern — side of it might be more accurately called that part of the high street which is in the Liberty of Norton a a b a a a a at Folg te , the l tter eing sm ll re the south

His name appears amongst the clerks there in the Royal Calendar as early as 1 795. ' ‘ E OLD U E I N S PI T I AL U R E RT F LG A T HO S S S! A , NO ON O

1 56 George Har dy and his Children this William was identical with the father of M ary a Ha a a has Re d , the bride of John rdy , whose m rri ge and a a j ust been mentioned , th t the two f milies were near neighbours before the Reads moved to the then a a s lubrious suburb of H ckney , where they were living 1 a in 820 . For we h ve it from the bridegroom himself a a a th t one of the fe tures of his courtship , like th t of a and was a a a — in Pyr mus Thisbe , g rden w ll other ’ a a a words , it is cle r th t the g rdens of the lovers houses a and a dj oined each other . This proximity the f ct that Mary Read had an uncle in the Excise Office easily account for an intimacy between the two * families . From Norton Folgate and Bethnal Green it is a far a and ma cry to the b nks of Lune , it y seem odd that we should turn to the pages of the Lonsdale Magazine for a description of the neighbourhood immediately adj oining the City Liberty at the time of ’

a . an our ncestor s residence there There is , however, a a a a 1 821 rticle in th t periodic l for the ye r , Tunder the a S italfields a a a a he ding of p , pp rently ttribut ble to a W as . a w the Rev Willi m C rus ilson , who interesting himself in relieving the appalling poverty of that suburban parish . To this obj ect it appears he had appropriated the superfluous labour of the Tunstal

School for Training Girls for Service . This school was part of the institution founded by him which included a a the Cow n Bridge School for D ughters of the Clergy , where everyone familiar with the history of the Bronte

’ W e do not kno a was i iam Read s o i w wh t W ll wn bus ness . He came from ea in ic nei bo ur ood his fami had been se ed D l , wh h gh h ly ttl for som e generations . ” 1 Vol. . 2 2 8 . II , p L onsdale and Sp italfields 1 57 family—and who is not —will remember that Char lotte and her sisters spent some unhappy years as pupils . The cottages in which the daughters of the clergy were then housed still exist on the banks of the Leck and a Beck , from the side windows of the end cott ge you look across the road to a field gate . Through this a a a a ha the c rri ge drive le ds to P rk House , which d ’ a a ia a a been the h bit tion of Will m H rdy, George H rdy s a a h a a a a gr ndf t er , lmost ex ctly hundred ye rs before w are the time ith which we now concerned . The editor of the magazine which was published at Kirkby a was ma a a Lonsd le one John Briggs , who y h ve bo sted a a cousinship m ny times removed with the Rev . John ar al a a a o had Briggs , the vic , who so hundred ye rs g ’ a befriended William H rdy s two brothers . Is it not an inviting hypothesis that George Hardy was the l a a link , or one of the inks , th t brought the ch rity of Carus Wilson and the good people of Lonsdale into connection with Spitalfields A large part of the a a a rticle consists of quot tion from the speech of Mr .

M. P at a a T . F . Buxton , M nsion House meeting of the 1 8 1 6 Benevolent Society in , in which the misery of a a all a r e th t p rish , rendered the more cute f om its b ing

' one huge self- contained area of poor wage - earners in the closest contiguity with a centre of rapidly in

a al . cre sing we th , is very impressively described As a result of this meeting some was subscribed a and for the relief of the p rish , in the distribution of a this fund the principal agent named is the Rev . Josi h a a a a Pr tt , the minister of Wheler Ch pel in Spitt l Squ re , a Norton Folg te . As we have now reached a period within the know I 58 George Hardy and his Children

a l ma a ledge of the gener tions still iving, we y de l very

a a as a O 8 . shortly with rem ining f cts to gener tion N . Of the eleven children enumerated above five died ’ at young . In the record Christ s Hospital of John ’ Hardy s admission it is stated that he then had only i and a four ch ldren , indeed it is obvious th t the first George must have died before the second was christened 1 6 and the and a in 79 , first second H rriets before the s 1 8 third wa christened in 79 . W a as a a a a 1 8 1 2 l a illi m , lre dy st ted , m rried in E iz a her d a a . ha beth , d ughter of Thom s Kemp By he

numerous family. a a a a a John m rried first M ry, d ughter of Willi m Re d , and a a a secondly Ann , d ughter of S muel Whit ker, by

ha - first both of whom he d issue . He died in his ninety a a ye r , which is the longest recorded life in our gene logy, that of his cousin Rebecca Bingley (born Hardy) of a a a e Kirkburton excepted . The ver ge g recorded in the male line to this point is a fraction under seventy . a a ah a and George Frederick m rried first S r P tten , a a secondly F nny Groom , le ving issue by his first a marriage two d ughters only . a a a a b H rriet m rried Thom s Ch rlesworth , y whom she a * had m ny children .

' Oi Mary and Eliza nothing but their baptisms is

and h h . known to us , they no doubt died in c ild ood

W e er it be a mere coincidence kno not but it is or h th I w , w th noting that records ofa family of Charlesworths are found century af er cen ur in the aris re is ers of Kirkbur on ere we av e t t y p h g t t , wh h r r Th Ch l s or already t aced a branch of the Ha dys . e ar e w ths appear so numerously in the registers from 1 54 0 to 1 57 1 that the y must hav e been fl ourishing in the neighbourhood many generations earlier.

APPENDI! I

POOR HOUSEHOLDERS or BARBON NAMED IN THE WILL or AG S HA MAY 28 1 60 NE RDY, , 5

John Becke , Robert Crosby , n a n a Ric . Ke d le , Ric . Ke d le wife , n i n a ic a Joh G bso , J mes R h rdson wife , Geffer Hard e N c a Da y y , i hol s vye , n Hard e B a liffe A thony y , Anthony y , W tton e a hi ea y wif , Rol nd W teh d , Ric Ustonson eor e Dickonson . wife , G g , h i n r i Jo n W lso , Robe t G bson , E a B uskell i a i n dw rd wife , W lli m W lso ,

and James Fawcett . APPENDI! II

THE H A H- TA! U S OF 1 6 0 FOR DDL O E RT RET RN 7 MI ET N , A BO AN D CAS O B R N , TERT N

N ame Hearths N a me MIDDLETON John Riding Bai bri hr a n C . Mr . Thos . gg W lker i B a liff n n W dd e . . y Tho Whitti gto Symond Pierson John Thom becke D n John ent Robt . Atki son Ho m i e a e Hy . l e M l s W lk r i Tho . a o n Mr . W rd J hn Rid g George Spencer John B ayliffe B ainbri B a liffe Wm . gg John y a ri a e et a e J mes Har son Thos . B in s M t r Joseph B ayliffe John Wilson i r a W dd. o Wm . Rich rdson M o e Richard Bouskell James Wilson John Thombecke John Moore li Richd. Gose n Wm . Addison g E re a o r Midlton s . J mes M o e John , q n B ainbri Thombecke Joh gg Chr . oo r a Mr . M re Geo ge W rd John Ward John Thom becke a n Goselin John H rli g Antho . g Smar w i w Goselin th a te Ed . Wm . g B ai bri r an Mr . n gg Ch . Bl d Phillip Walker James Hebblethwaite a B O a J mes ouskell Tho . tw y a e h e ai Robt . F wc tt Jo n H bblethw te M 1 62 The Hearth Tax Returns

N ame N ame

. Goselin Rich Hod hso Wm d. g n a Goselin A is J mes Wm . d on

o . ir Rich ar R bt B kett d. G nett Widd a . Tho Gibbonso G rden . n James Ruecroft John Atkinson Wid N o d. e oor ls n Robt . M e Ni O a ch. tw y John Fowler Ni O a . o o ch tw y R bt . H lme H d h . o son Chr o Robt g . H lme a ai Tho a J mes B nes . F wcett Rodger Dawson John Becke ; o ic o Tho H ughton R h . Shuttlew rth , E ar a Es re dw d H rling q . a Robt . J ckson BARBON Edmond Garnett Ba liffe a Robt . y Edmond G rnett Hard o Bainbri Robt . ye J hn gg Jerimy Baines Edmond Hardye CASTERTON Sam Otla a . y Tho . F wcett Miles Garnett John Foxcroft on a Edm d G rnett Geo . Woodhouse i a a a Robt . Wh tehe d Bry n M nzer o De Tho . Holme R bt . nton a e a i Wm . G rnett Reb cc W tton ar John Garnett Tho . P ker ar a Tho . G nett Wm . G rnett i D . Tho . ent Wm H nde o a John Wilson R bt . G rnett a E m Tho . F wcett d ond Witton James Waidson John Moore r r Dod hson Edwa d Ga nett Wm . g Richard Garnett Joseph Moore

Samuel Gibson Chr . Witton i r ich James R cha dson R d. Turner

APPENDI! III

LISTS FROM THE BARBON ENFRANC HISEMENT DEED or A UA 1 1 1 8 J N RY 7 , 7

S chedule 1 Customary tenants whose tenements were enfranchised with the rents reserved by the enfranchise ment deed .

Margaret Addison

Chr . Holme o i unr J hn Atk nson , j . Roger Moore a Robt . Pl ce John Becke

Robt . Holme , junr . John Jackson

senr. Robt . Holme , John Ortt D Coulb Wm . ixon of y ar Thos . Rich dson a Hy. B inbridge

h a senr. T os . G rnett , w h ar Ed . T os . G nett , son of a Thos . H mmond a Wm . Dixon of B rbon Alice Waller James Wadeson

n senr. Joh Atkinson , John Sowermire

Carried Forward 1 64 Barbon in 1 7 1 8 1 65

Brought Forward lme Thos . Ho E Stainb ks liz . an

Eliz . Glover ea An thy . R my

John Garnett

a nr. Thos . G rnett , ju a Edm . G rnett D Thos . ent ar Wm . H dy Sa awcett ml . F

James Garnett

Bryan Watson Jam es Harrison

Total [rejecting the odd halfpenny] £1 5 4 2

S chedule 2 Ancient free rents payable before the deed an i and l of enfr ch sement sti l reserved .

Joseph Gibson D Tho . ent

a o Thos . Rich rds n a Anthony Re my .

Robt . Holme James Harrison APPENDI! I V

— GRANDCHILDREN or GEORGE HARDY (1 766 1 83 2)

Chil Hard I . dren of William y — 1 E i a . a 1 8 1 1 0 : n . l z (m Robert Sh w) , 3 9 3 issue livi g. i ia 1 820—1 861 : ha N d . W ll m , issue r 1 82 —1 8 : i w e 2 . m G o ge , 4 9 d ed ithout issue ar 826—1 1 1 i k 1 . - Ch les , 9 issue l ving

I U Edward. G a a i 1 8 : . M ry (m . J mes Kimber) , b . 35 issue l ving

hildren o oh Hard a d Mar 6 R ad C n n . e II . fj y y ( ) i 1 . ea 1 8 2 a 1 0 . Robert R d , d ed 3 , ged 8 —1 : 2 . a . a a a a 1 2 8 0 e M ry (m Je n Fr ncois M c ire) , 4 7 issu n livi g . — * 826 1 8 : a . . o e 1 8 8 d 3 J hn Fred ric , died unm rrie 8 : n a a 1 82 4 . 4 . Willi m Re d , 7 94 issue livi g

- — r r i . . a e 1 8 2 1 88 : e n 5 Ch l s F iend , 9 3 issu l vi g

h ld o h Hard 6 Wh t e C i ren o n and Ann . i ak r III . fj y ( )

i r 1 — : i 1 a e a e 8 1 8 8 . . S mu l Wh t k , 3 5 9 ssue living Da 1 : i 2 . e r . 8 . G o ge lton , b 37 ssue living

F d a d a 6 Pa I V Children o Geor e rederick Har n S rah . tten . f g y ( )

8 6-v 88 : 1 o a . a e 1 s e n . . C nst nce (m Gl scott Sym s) , 3 is u livi g

- i a 8 6 1 06 : arr . 2 . a 1 M t ld , 3 9 died unm ied

V Dau hter o Lewis Adam Hard . g f y

E a O a I i . le nor (m . r m) ssue l ving

He was one of those Cambridge men who in 1 857 cradled the A ine ub o n the summi o f the ins eraar orn eaks asses lp Cl t F t h (P , P , and Gl iers I t Ser es . ac , s i )

1 68 Index

B a nd risto er 1 61 B uskell. S ee B ouskell l , Ch ph , d ard 1 6 B u on o mas Fo well 1 E w , 3 xt , Th , 57 order e es 0 B p l , 9 — ser ice 1 am rid e aud oun ess o f 6 v , 7 3 C b g , M , C t , 9 — enure 8 1 1 - 1 ic ard ar of 6 0 t , 5 , 3 R h , E l , 9, 7 or ick ar ick Ha 0 an er ur Arc is o and ean B w (B w ) ll , 9 C t b y , hb h p D B o uskell B uskell A nes 1 66 and a er of 1 2 1 1 6 ( ) , g , 3 , Ch pt , 3 , 33 , 3 , rid e 66 1 8 B g t, 3 d ard 160 arnfor E w , C th, 33 ’ G i es 1 ar en ers om an 1 2 1 2 l , 3 C p t C p y , 4 , 5 ames 1 61 as er on ear - tax is 6 1 62 J , C t t , h th l t, 7 , , Ric ard 1 61 1 6 h , 3 omas 1 6 manor and o ns i 2 Th , 3 , 7 t w h p, 4 , 9 , 4, B ra b n Mr. 6 1 6 y , , 34 7 . 3 B raffin 1 16 a e s of ease , Ch p l , 4 rid e ace 1 1 ar es 1 2 1 0 B g Pl , 4 Ch l I , , 4 Brid es 0 1 ar es or fami 1 8 g , 3 , 3 Ch l w th ly, 5 ri s Au us in 1 a i Har 6 1 8 1 8 00 H rr e . d B gg , g t , t, b y , 5 , 4 , 5 fami of 1 00 1 2 omas 6 1 8 ly , , 9 Th , 5 , 5 G race 1 28 e sea 108 , Ch l , Henr 1 2 1 1 28 1 2 ris ian names a erna ion of y, , , 9 Ch t , lt t , 57 , Ho ar 1 2 1 1 28 8 b t, , 5 ’ o n ofthe Lonsdale Ma azine ris s o e e ambrid e 1 1 J h , g , Ch t C ll g , C g , 5,

1 16, 1 40 ’ o n Rev 1 00 1 2 1 ris s Hos i a 1 1 1 1 J h , . , , 9, 57 Ch t p t l , 45, 47, 5 , o n ofthe os Office 1 2 1 1 28 1 2 1 8 J h , P t , , 5 , 5 ose ofLi er oo 1 28 i i War 1 1 8 66 1 8 1 J ph , v p l, C v l , , 3 , , 7 , — R — ifford Maud 6 ose ev . 1 0 10 1 10 J ph, , 0 , , 3 5, Cl , , 9 1 28 1 2 omas Lord 6 , 9 Th , , 9 ’ ose of ake e d 1 2 C lothworkers om an 1 28 1 1 J ph , W fi l , 9 C p y, , 3 i 2 C ockerrnouth 1 1 iss 111 . Mar n 1 8 M , t , , ic ard 1 00 ode S ree 1 2 R h , C t t, 5 Samue 1 2 o e i iam 1 8 1 l , 9 C l , W ll , 7 , i iam 1 28 1 2 onder d ard W ll , , 9 C , E w 49 Brockbank i iam d ard 0 86 , W ll , 73 E w , 5 , Hard 0 B ron e ar o e and her sis ers oan . t , Ch l tt , t , J , b y, 5

2 1 6 I o n 7. 8 9 , 5 , S7 J h , 3 3 roome Nic o as 1 2 ic ard 0 B , h l , 3 R h , 5 B ushfield S ree 1 1 fami 6 r t t, 5 ly, 7 uc anan G eor e 66 1 o e and 1 1 B h , g , , 7 C p l , i e 8 2 8 1 6 urrow An on 61 o an Br d , 5, 9 , 9 , 5 B , th y , C w g - i 2 Ar ur 62 ozens Hard , S r H. H. , 4 th , C y rt 61 ra A ice 1 6 R obe , C gg, l , 5 2 u n- in- Kendal ran rook, ar of, 4 B rto , 45 C b E l Index 1 69

ros o er 1 60 as Su on 1 2 C by, R b t, E t tt . 3 i iam d ard 6 W ll . 34 E w III , 9 C rosfield am s 2 V 6 , J e , 5 I , 9

ro n manors 8 1 2 2 cise Of ce 1 1 1 - C w , , , 4 Ex fi , 4 , 44 7 um e r or 1 0 C b w th , 7 ummin C ommin e dmond Faueitt ( a ce ames 160 C g ( g ) , E , F w tt) , J , 1 1 a e 61 9 M tth w , d ard 1 1 o er 161 E w , 9 R b t, iza e 6 1 1 8 1 1 Samue 16 El b th , 5 , 99, , 9, l , 5 omas 80 162 16 Th , , , 3 ames 1 1 i mer fami 1 2 J , 9 F l ly, 3 o e r 1 2 1 1 2 is mon ers om an 1 2 1 R b t, 7, 39, 4 F h g C p y , ur ain oad and the ur ain as Flastbee iza e C t R C t , Fl by ( ) , El b th , 1 8 - See 4 51 Hardy. Hardy i C urte s s er In . Hard S ee fami 8 8 , E th , y. ly , 4 , 9 Hard am e 8 y h l t, 4 M iss m. a i on 1 emin a erine 8 ( P p ll ) , 45 Fl g , C th , 5 omas fa er and son 1 - 8 Sir anie 8 Th , th , 35 D l , 5 omas Sack i e 1 8 1 odden a e of 10 1 1 8 Th v ll , 3 , 39 Fl , b ttl , , , 5 ords across the u F L ne, 4 7 acres Lord 1 1 , , o crof o n 1 62 D F x t, J h , a am o er 8 8 , 5, 6 o er o n 1 62 D ll T w F wl , J h , a on a - , p ce name, 1 44 unera s D lt l F l , 33, 37 ar m H Ha . ard . S ee rd M y, y y

a en or Mrs. 1 Garden ido 1 62 D v p t, , 59 , w w, a e Nic o as 160 G ar ra e 8 D vy , h l , g v , 4 a son Ro er 1 62 G arne dmond 80 1 62 1 6 D w , g , tt, E , , , 5 ea 1 6 d ard 1 62 D l , 5 E w , ’ ea s ar ames 1 6 D th p t, 37 J , 5 en — o n 1 62 16 D t, 35 J h , , 5 o n 1 61 i es 1 62 J h , M l , omas 162 16 ic ard 1 62 Th , 95, , 5 R h , en on Ro er 1 62 o e r 1 62 D t , b t, R b t, Dickonson Geor e 1 60 omas 2 1 62 16 1 6 , g , Th , 5, 95, , 4 , 5 i c side 1 - 1 ido 1 6 D t h , 49 5 w w , 3 i on i iam 1 6 i iam 1 62 D x , W ll , 4 W ll , Do d hson od son Dodshone fami g ( D g , ) , ly , 97 dmond 1 6 Garsda e i iam 26 28 E , 3 l , W ll , , G aw Sir o er 2 G arthorne (G a orne, R b t, 9 yth

i iam 1 62 orne) , anor, 45 W ll , th M orse uke o f 1 6 1 G athorne d ard 4 D t, D , 3 , 44 , E w , 5 ’ D O le Rober 10 1 10 2 iza y y, t, , El , 44 ’ e in - ouse the s a esman s sabe . res on, 4 Dw ll g h , t t , I l, b P t 5 1 6—20 6 86 2 , 7, , 9 4 5 I 70 Index

G athorne i es Hard A nes 26—8 60 8 , M l , 44 , 4 5 y, g , , 34 , 57, , ic ard A fre d 1 0 R h , 44 , 45 l , 9 Sara A ice 2 2 60 h , 4 5 l , ,

- G athorne Hard G athorne 2 Ann b . i aker 1 8 1 66 y, , 4 , Wh t , 5 , G a or e 10 Anna ris iana 1 1 wth p , 9 , Ch t , 4 3, 59 G eor e S ree 1 2 1 — An on 2 6 0—2 6—60 g t t , 5 , 53 th y , 7, 3 , 5 , 5 , G ibbonson omas 162 6 1 1 6° , Th , 31 7 3 Gi son ofWhel ri 1 1 1 6 Ben amin 1 06 b p gg, 4 , 95, j ,

o n 160 e 111 . N or . S ee N or J h , B tty , th th ose 1 6 ar es 1 66 J ph, 95, 5 Ch l , Leo nard 22 ar es riend 1 66 , Ch l F , Nic o as 2 ar es arius 1 06 h l , 5 Ch l M , o er 160 ris a e 6 1 8 1 R b t, Ch t b l , 34 , 5 , 7 , 79, Sir o er 0 ris ian 1 2 1 R b t, 3 Ch t , 4 , 59

Samue 1 62 ons ance m . S mes 1 66 l, 76, C t , y , G i in o n 1 8 dmund d 2 lp , J h , 4 E ( . 5, 7, G o er sa e 2 1 5- 60 2 l v , I b l, 5 , 7 iza e 1 6 ife o f 2 El b th, 95, 5 w , 7 , 57

G odsalve omas 1 1 d. 6 162 , Th , 4 ( 7 ,

iss m . a des e 1 16 d ard of B eckfoo 6 M , M w l y, E w , t, 5 , 73, G oselin G oselin Ant on 161 —8 1 8 1 1 1 ( g) , h y, 79 , 3, d ard 161 d ard of um er or h 106 E w , E w , C b w t , , 1 62 1 James, 07 ic ard 1 61 o f Se enoaks 6 R h , v , 5 , 97, 99, i iam 1 62 I — 1 2 I W ll , 34 93 4 3 4S G r n Mrs 1 f Ha ee . o S e e 108 , , 59 h pl y ll , r eshill See oore 2 G im . M 2 Groom ann 1 8 2 , F y, 5 4 u 1 1 bu 8 G y, ( . 3 (grandson of George of the Hackne 1 1 6 cise Office 1 66 y, 55, 5 Ex ) ,

Ha s ead 1 1 eanor m. 0 ram 1 66 l t , 35, 37 El , , Hammond omas 16 iza 1 8 1 8 , Th , 4 El , 4 , 5 m a 1 6 Hanmer Mrs. 1 2 . S 6 , 7 h w ,

aria 1 2 izabe m. ummin S ee M , 7 El th, C g. omas Hard 1 2 ummin Th y, 7 C g

Hardi emen le 1 2 . Kem 1 8 , Cl t , 4 , 4 b p, 5

le Hardi Hardie Hard e . as 6 8 ( , , y , b Fl by, 5 , 4 , 99

Hard the name 1 2 . idd e on 6 60 61 6 y) , , 5, 4 , 4 b M l t , 5 , , , 3 fami in erse 2 26 ly J y, 4

ar on and Kirk Lonsda e ba . 1 B b by l , ( p 7 1 1 en 6 4 , 5» 5, 4 1 44 Ell , 7

Norfo k 2 s er . C urteis 1 1 6 l , 4 E th , b , 35, 3 , esse 1 1 I W x, 4 39, 4S

I 72 Index

Ha H r rd omas o f Birks ate d. e io s y , Th , g ( t , 7 106—8 Herne Sir i iam 1 1 1 , W ll , 45, 5 H r d. 10 108 e e s am 8 1 1 2 ( 7, v h , 5, ofHorsfor Hinde omas 16 th, 4 3 , 44 , Th , 3 ofLeadenhall S ree 6 i iam 162 t t, 5 , 97, W ll , 1 1 8 i 8 I 1 2 1 Ho ar Sir Henr 1 2 991 : 3 3 393 4 1 59 b t, y , ofMirfield 6 8 8 100 Hod hson ic ard 1 62 , 5 , 3 , 4 , , g , R h , 1 09 , 1 10, 1 40 , 1 4 1 o er 1 62 R b t,

no e is , 4 1 Ho ar Ric ard 1 1 6 v l t g th, h , C 6 ° 8 I ( L 5 ) 79 i iam 1 1 6 1 1 W ll , , 7 (b 1 43 Ho me fami 6 l ly, 9 , 97 b ( ap . ra es i 10 g v h p , 3 omas as 1 26 1 2 1 1 Th Fl by, , 7, 39 House , 1 9 ir omas a man 1 S T s er , 4 A ice 6 h M t l , 9 i iam f a n senr 1 , o B r o , . , 5 , ris o er 1 62 1 6 W ll b Ch t ph , , 4 6 I 6 5 3 591 3 iza e . Huck 6 El b th, b , 9 of as e 1 0 1 1 w , 4 , 4 Henr 1 61 E t ll y , ofHorsfor 6 th , 4 3 I n 9 ofKirk ur on 10 Ro er 1 62 16 1 6 b t , 5 , 95, , 4 , 5 — b t of ark 6 1 - House, 5 , 8 99, omas 6 1 62 1 6 P Th , 9 , 97, , 5 1 1 8 1 2 1 1 1 16 , 9, 4 , 57, 5 Ho 1 2 1 lt, ba I 8 ' ( S3 ) . 5 Ho we Lane 1 p ly ll , 49 26 oun 1 8- 1 M t, 4 5

( CL I 697) , 761 78 rior 1 1 P y, 5 8 ( d. 72. 7 Horn 10 0 by, , 4 1 (b. 43 Horsfor th, 43 1 a 1 1 8 (b. 71 9, de d 99, , Hou on omas 1 62 ght , Th , ” 1 9: 39 Ho on S uare 1 1 xt q , 53, 54 66 (d. 1 Ho e Henr yl , y, 75

d. 6 1 I 1 8 166 ( 5 3 4 7: 54 1 5 3 Huck iza e m . Ho me 6 , El b th, l , 9 i iam Read 1 66 i iam 6 W ll , W ll , 9 Har in ris o r 16 , p e , 25, 3 Hudders e d 1 0 l g Ch t h fi l , 3 6 dmond, 1 3 Hu on Old E tt , , 45 d ard 1 62 16 E w , , 3 oof R , 9 o n 161 J , i iam 8 h W ll , 55, 5 Harri 8 son fami 47, 4 , 96 ly, 8 8 n e on, I O, 37, 3 ) 9 1 99 — am s 1 1 6 I gl t J e , 95, 61 , 5 n mire 26 6 1 1 6 I g , , 7, Headcorn, 1 32 re and 42- 4 Hearn S ree 1 1 I l , t t, 5 Hear - tax - 1 61 - ackson ris o her 1 6 th , 75 7, 3 J , Ch t p , 3 He e ai e ames 1 61 o n 22 1 6 bbl thw t , J , J h , , 4 o n 1 61 o er 1 62 J h , R b t, Heir ooms idow 1 6 l , 34 w , 3 Herd omas 16 i iam 2 , Th , 5 W ll , 5 Index 1 73

aco i es at Kenda 1 1 8 Lune ri er. S ee rid es ords J b t l , v B g , F ames and 1 1 - 1 Lu ton 60 62 J VI I , 3 p , , , 75 o nson Henr 1 6 J h , y , 3 acaire ean ran ois 1 66 M , J F c ,

Mar , . Hard , 166 Kem fami 1 y b y p ly , 45 a M nc es er, 10 7 izabe See Hard h t El th. y anors S ee order nur M . B te e omas 1 Th , 54 anser fami and Ha 8 M gh ly ll , 44 , 4 Kenda aron of 8 2 1 l , b y , , Ha o uses 8— 0 6 , 4 5 , 7 o n of 1 1 0 1 1 8 ll h t w , , 4 , o ns i 6 1 6 t w h p , 4 , 7 , 3 Kenda e Ric ard 1 60 l , h , Manzer B r am 162 , y , Kes ick 1 1 w , ar in ennis 1 28 M t , D , Har 1 66 Kim er ar . d b , M y , b y, d dsa v a es e ar are . G o l e M w l y, M g t , b , Kin s e riss 1 g l y, Ch y , 59 1 16 i Ha d 6 1 1 ‘ Harr e . r , , 5 , 34 , 39 , Me all D t b y dc e r. 1 1 1 , , Medlton Read id . M dleton i iam 1 , 34 idd e on c a e 68 W ll M l t h p l , Kirk ur on 1 00- — b t , 9 fami 60 6 6 ly, 44 , , 3 5, 9 sc oo 100 h l , Ha 6 - 8 ll , 5 , 75 Kirk Lo nsda e rid e 1 , 3 ear - tax is 1 61 by l b g h th l t, 75, c urc 68 h h , 4 , manor 6 6 , 3 , 5 c urc ard 8 h hy , 9 o ns i 6 1 6 t w h p, 3 , 4 , 75, 3 aris 8 1 6 p . 3 . 4 . . 9 . 7s. 3 Medlton M dlton Adam 2 61 h ) , ( , y , , 9 ar i r is re s e s, 4 , 5 p Ann . uns a 68 h g t , b T t ll , sc oo 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 , 3 , 75, , 4 , 5, Ar ur 2 62 h l th , 3 , 37, 1 20 1 0 , 4 B en amin 6 j , 5 o n 0 w , 3: 4 1 39a 4 ris o er 66 t Ch t ph , owns i , 1 6 6 t h p 3 E dmund, 2 K o e 1 8 1 n , 3 , 44 d ard o f en l E w , D t, 35 of idd e on Ha 1 1 M l t ll , 4 i za e Hard . See Hard Lam e i iam 1 0 1 111. b , W ll , 3 , 34 El b th, y y Lancas er 0 10 Sir G eoffre 6 6 t , 3 , 4 , 3 y, 7, 9 Lasce es fami G eor e 6 61 ll ly, 9 g , 3 , Lat mer Lad 6 sa e 61 y , y, 9 I b l , Ha 60 61 Le adenhall S ree 12 1 1 22 1 26 m. rd t t, , , y, , Wil an k 8 8 2 m . l Lee , 4, 5, 9 , 35 Lee Lord 1 2 us rave 6 , , b. M g , 9 L ds 8 oan 61 ee , 9 J , Le ens 8 o n ofAikri End 6 62 v , 4 5, 5 J h , gg , 3 , 37 , Lid et c a e 1 08 ofLu on 2 6 61 62 g h p l , pt , 3 , 3 , , , 75 Lindse G eor e of idd e on Ha 8 y , g , 49 M l t ll , 9 , 3 ,

Mar are former Hard . 66 68 161 g t ( ly y, b , , 75, A en 8 Ric ard 66 ll ) . 4 . 49 h , 35, Loose 1 28 Si e , b ll , 35 Lo er Robe r 8 S e en 61 62 wth , t, 37, 3 t ph , , I 74 Index

idd e on omas 6 Oram eanor Hard 1 66 M l t , Th , 9 , El , b. y , i iam 60 61 1 6 Ortt o n 1 6 W ll , , , 75, 3 , J h , 4 o one 66 O ia Samue 1 62 C l l, t y, l , idd e o - Moor O a 1 1 16 n e. See idd e on fami 10 1 M l t M l t tw y ly, , 44 , 5, fami G eoffre 10 ly y , , 49 i n or e 0 Hum re 1 1 6 M l th p , 4 ph y, Mirfield 1 0 n o Sir o n 6 , 9, J h , 7 Mokeson fami 10 1 Nic o as 6 1 62 ly, h l , 7 ,

ar m . Hard 1 0 1 S amue 80 M y , y, l, onk on 1 omas 6 1 16 1 61 M t , 33 Th , 7 , , oore A ice 2 Bis o 1 1 M , l , 7 h p, 5 iza drama is 1 16 El , 44 t t, fami 66 ly, 4 4, a i on a id 1 8 1 1 P p ll , D v , 3 , 44 , 45 am s 161 J e , Parish registers o f Kirkby Lo ns o n 161 1 62 J h , 44 , , da e l , 4 , 5 ose 1 62 J ph, ark House 8 — 8 1 P , 4 93 , 9 , 57

Mr. 1 61 , arker iza e 1 6 P , El b th, 5 ic ard R h , 34 omas 1 62 Th , Ro er 1 62 b t, Parsivell i iam , W ll , 73 o er 1 6 R g , 4 a en ara S ee Hard S . P tt , h y Wido 1 61 w, 75, a ne fami 1 2 P y ly, 3 i iam 2 W ll , 5 e e - o ers 0 P l t w , 9 se H. a ore ou . nd fami 108 M h , J , ly, em roke o e e 1 P b C ll g , 43

us rave A ice . an a ene M g , l , b Pl t g t, ews 1 P , 35, 9 69: 70 ierson S mond 161 P , y , iza e 70 El b th, i 1 2 P ll, 7 sa e 6 I b l , 9 ace o er 16 Pl , R b t , 95, 4 Sir i i 6 Ph l p , 7 an a ene A ice 6 0 Pl t g t, l , 9, 7 Sir ic ard 6 R h , 9 Ric ard 6 0 h , 9, 7 Sir omas 6 Th , 9 ura i ofbenefices 1 1 ’ Pl l ty , 33, 34 si ians om an 1 20 1 2 1 1 u c p , , , 25 M C y - oor box 2 P , 9, 34 e son ido 1 62 o u a ions 1 6 N l , w w, P p l t , 3 Ne Ha 86 ra osia 1 wby ll , P tt , J h, 57 r fo h Nic o son Sara . Gathorne ra e s r t e dead 2 h l , h, b , 45 P y , 9

No e Mr. 1 20 1 0 res on sa e bl , , , 4 P t , I b l , 4 5 Noddall 1 0 ’ , ueen s o e e O ford 1 1 1 1 ! C ll g , x , 3, 5 Non- residence ofthe cler 1 gy, 33, 134 Read A nes 8 1 , g , Nor Ben amin 1 0 th, j , 5 ar o e 1 H Ch l tt , 55 e . ard 10 1 2 B tty, b y, 5, 4 ris o er 8 1 — Ch t ph , Nor on o a e 1 8 1 t F lg t , 4 , 54 7 sa e m. Hard 6 8 1 I b l, y, 5 , N or ic Sc oo 100 w h h l , Mar . Hard See m . Hard y, y y Old Hu on omas tt , 4 5 Th , 73 Old o n 8 i iam 1 1 6 1 8 T w , 4 W ll , 55, 5 , 5

1 76 Index

o ers Border e es 0 i e ead Ro and 1 60 T w ( p l ) , 9 Wh t h , l , o nson Ro er 22 i e d Henr 1 1 6 T w , b t, Wh tfi l , y, 35, 3

o n Su on. ReadSu on a ence i in on aris T w tt tt V l Wh tt gt p h , 94

ran Mr. 1 20 omas 1 61 T t, , Th , uns a Ann 68 Wido -ri 6 2 1 T t l , , w ght, , 7, Brian 8 i kinson o er 1 2 , 5 W l , R b t, 4 uns a aris andc urc 8 1 2 Willan ris o er T t l p h h h, 4 , 9 9 , Ch t ph , 35 uns a rainin Sc oo 1 6 sa e idd e on T t l T g h l , 5 I b l , b. M l t , 35 urner ic ard 1 62 i iam de W orfat T , R h , W ll , 55 ’ T rer h ank S ee err Bank i iamson o n 22 y g B . T y W ll , J h , i o a k 1 W ll w W l , 49 U nderle ark 66 8 y P , 47, , 9 Wi son of U nderle 6 l y, 7 U nion S ree 1 1 t t, 5 anie 86 D l , U stonson ic ard 1 60 , R h , d ard 8 86 1 1 2 E w , 5, , o er R b t. 33. 73 Henr 66 1 1 y , , 5 ames 1 61 au an fami J , V gh ly, 9 — o n 1 60 1 61 1 62 enner Samue 1 2 J h , , , V , l , 3 omas 1 1 Th , 5 W adeson Waidson ames 80 1 62 i iam 1 60 ( ) , J , , W ll , a es 28 i iam arus 1 6 W g , W ll C , 5 ake e d 1 00 1 2 Winchilsea ar of 1 0 W fi l , , 9 , E l , 4 a ker ris o er 1 61 i on W tton ris o er W l , Ch t ph , W tt ( y ) , Ch t ph , i es 1 61 dmund 1 62 M l , E , i i 1 61 e ecca 162 Ph l p , R b , a er A ice 1 6 omas 1 6 W ll , l , 4 Th , 3 a or 1 08 ife of 160 W lw th , w , ard G eor e 1 61 oodc urc 1 W , g , W h h, 33 Henr 66 ood ouse G eor e 1 62 y, W h , g , 79, — o n 1 61 sa e J h , 35, I b l, 79 omas 1 61 oo edin 1 1 6 Th , W lb g, ar on oo da e 108 W t , 33 W l l , Wa son B r an 16 Worfat i iam de t , y , 5 , W ll , 55 — es e an e odis s 10 ors i S ree 1 8 0 W l y M th t , 7 W h p t t, 4 5 es ouse 8 Wraton W th , 4 , 94 W e er a 1 ro am 1 6 h l Ch pel , 57 W th , 3 W l i W t on Read i on he r 1 t . p gg, 4 y W tt Hard See W i aker Ann 111. . h t , , y Hard ea and 1 1 y Y l , Samue 1 8 ork 0 l , 5 Y , 4 i e ead He en 26 28 uke of 6 Wh t h , l , , D , 9 — Ro er 162 oun er sons of s a esmen 9 4 1 b t, Y g t t , 3

anarm o rr 4 m: 50 11 , LTD.

Pancr e as, u m ouru