B-10 St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 03-10-2011 .. B-10 Fo"" JO.JOO DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ST A TE : (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE MarvJ ;:i nti . ' COUNTY• NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Baltimhre Citv IHV EHTORY - HOMIHATl <;>H FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ' , ENTRY NUMBER I OAT!a: I. (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) I fr-·1.---.-..,.---· NAME .. - ----~-~------.------!...... -...,-,..-...... ------!..~---; ·~ ' ··: j i:. ------·------·------4 St. Paul's Protest a n t Episcopal Church ANO OR HISTORIC: __.._ __O _l d St. Paul' s Church f2. LOC AT IO~N.:______--;

STREET ANt:· NUMBER : ',I 2 33 North Charles Street CITY OR TOWN : STATE I CODE f COUNTY : I COOF Marvla~n~d~------~'~2u'~L-~l~o~~~., ~~~;·JJJJ,..mnu.....s:r·o;.__i,~-·~L· ~~·~¥------~[L.-=.5=1~0_ 13. CLASSI F ICATION ,.. 1 CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC '' . z 0 Di1trict [lt Building 0 Public Public Ac qui • i tion: ~ Occupied Yes: 0 Restricte d '= ; . 0 Site 0 Structure fXj Private 0 In Procus 0 Unoccupi ed 0 Unrestricted 0 Obje ct 0 Both 0 Being Conside red 0 Pre~e rvotion worlit ~ l'· • . in progre ss 0 N o ,r

0 Agr icuhvro I 0 Government 0 Park 0 TronsportoHon 0 Comments 0 Commercial 0 fndustriol 0 Pri vole Re • idence 0 Other (Specify) .~ ... · 0 Educational 0 Military 50 Religious 0 Entertoinment 0 Museum 0 Scientific "'z ! 4. OWNER OF PRO"...'.P~E:..:R,:_T!__Y.:______--r~--::-i OWNER'S NAME : ..... :3: > Vestry of St. Paul ' s Protestant Eoisconal Church Ill ... fT1 w STREET ANO NUMBER : l'1 .... ·. '< w 233 North Charles Street Ill"""" V\ CITY OR TOWN : 1 CODE ::l Baltimore I ? l1 °' ~COci."TloNOF - 'L~eC.A-Loesc~ _N_·------~- - ·------1----1 COURTHOUSE , REGISTRY 01' DEEDS. ETC :

1 00 North Holiday Street CIT¥ OR TOWN : I.,.,, Baltimore Maryland ---'~------·- ·------·-- j6. REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE 01' SURVE Y: Maryland Register of Historic Sites and Landmarks ". DATE OF' SURVE:V : 1970 D Fecierol 5( 5tote ::J County OEPOSITORV !'OR SURVEY RECORDS: Maryland Historical Trust STREET A N O NUMBER :

----·--·------

.·... ..•.. ,. B-10 17. DESCRIPTION (Check One) , fXl Excellent 0 Good 0 Foir 0 Deterioroted Ruin• Unexposed CONDITION 0 0 (Ch•c k One) (Ch.kl< One) 0 Altered KJ Unoltered I 0 Moved Q9 Ori9inol Site ( DESCll18£ THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL. (11 l

. ' Structurally, the church is an eclectic juxtaposition of twelfth century Italian elements on the exterior and Romanesque elements on the interior. The facade is divided into flat sections, broken by pilasters. The portico is supported by corbel arches. The basilican design of the nave and aisles is articulated by round arches and barrel vaulting.

The two bas-reliefs on the facade,· executed by the Italian sculptor Capellano, depict Moses Holding the Tablets of the Law m and Christ Breaking the Bread. They were originally part of m the .facade of the 1814 church, which burned. With their pedi­ mental frame, they supply another nee-classical element. z The church ·is rich in extant artifacts, five of which (includ­ ing the aforementioned relief panels) were rescued from the fire. 'I'he others are the stained glass window of the risen Christ over the entrance; the marble baptismal font; and the Bishop's chair, given to St. Paul's in 1813 by George Grundy. r1 The white marble altar and the Caen stone reredos set with mosaics have a central motif of the cross and peacock, an early resurrection symbol. The Greek cross in the tiling of the 0 chancel floor is decorated with fleur-de-lis, an early symbol :z 0£ the Trinity. These are among the predominant artistic features of the church's interior. The altar window was installed in 1902 and designed and execut­ ed by Maitland Armstrong of . The decoration around the Side WindOWS I forming a border jUSt above the WainSCO.tting I is infused with the sym.bology of Christ _and the :Resurrection.

Modification of the 1854 structure began in 1892 with the in­ stallation of three memorials on the parish's 200th Anniv'ersary Two stained glass windows, "St. Augustine and his Mother" and "St. Luke, the Good Physician," were -designed by the Tiffany Glass Company and erected on this occasion. The former is a

1Francis F. Beirne, St. Paul's Parish, Baltimore, p. , 178.

2 Henry-Russell: Hitchcock, Early Victorian Architecture in Britain, P.: _13 ~ · - · . -- -··-- -- ··------· - ----~

- ··- -- --·------B-10 '8· SiGNI FIC4NCE ·· PEf!IOO (Checlit One or More •• Approprl ele) .. ., 0 Pre-Columbian : 0 16th Century 0 18th Century 0 20th Cen1ury i : . 0 1 Sth Century 0' 17th Century ()C 19th Ce ntury .. SPECIFIC OATEISI (lt Applicebl e end Known) 1854- 1856 1:, .. ' A RE•S 01" SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More •• Approprl•le) .,:· ·.) Abor iginol 0 Education 0 Political 0 Urban Planning r-•.- . ,. Prehistodc 0 0 Engineering ~ R~ligion/Phi. 0 Other (Specify) . :: ~ .... 0 Historic 0 Industry lo1aphy 0 Agricultu,. 0 ln"enti on 0 Science . 0 Architecture 5l Londacape 0 Sculp1ure ca Art Arc h i lecture 0 Soc io l/Humon- 0 Commerce 0 Literature itorion 0 Communicotion1 [I Military l.J Theoter " ··. ' C ant ervatian •~~ = ... 0 [.I Music 1·1 T ranspartat1on

~·. STATEMENT OF S IGNIFIC ANCE .. St. Paul's Church in Baltimore has both architectural and his­ torical importance. Designed by Richard Upjohn, one of the . ·: ;· : chief imitators of the Gothic Revival in America, it i s one of Baltimore's most importan.t lan,drnarks . Its historical associa­ z tions stern largely from the numerous important figures who were 0 members of the parish, including Samuel Chase, John Eager .... Howard and Thomas Johnson . In 1729, when Baltimore was laid out , the Vestry of St. Paul ' s Parish took up Lot 19 , the highest point in the new town, and erected a small brick church. With this action they provided Baltimore with its first public place of worship and establish­ ed the Mother Church of all Episcopal congregations i n the city. The present structure still occupies part of that origi- : z nal land. It is the only property in the city which has re­ mained continuously under the same ownership since the original survey of the town and division of lots . w .. . w The congregation of St. Paul's was formed in 1692 at Patapsco Neck by the Reverand John Yeo. Authority for establishing the congregation came from the 1692 Act of the Maryland Assembly I ,.. . which divided Baltimore County into three parishes. Patapsco was the first organized of these three.

Moving into Baltimore Town in 1731, the congregation construct­ ed it~ first .church on this site, a view of which is given. in John Moale's 1752 drawing of Baltimore which is at the Maryland Historical Society. -A second church was erected between 1779 and 1784, located slightly south of the original building.

Both of these structures were surrounded by a graveyard which was later moved to its present location at Fremont and Lombard Streets. Among the historic personages buried there are Colo­ nel John Eager Howard, Justice Samuel Chase and General George Armistead.

A fourth and larger St. Paul's was begun in 1814 and consecrat­ ed in 1817. Designed by Robert Cary Long , Sr. , in the neo­ classical style, this building was destroyed by fire in 1854. ~...... ' !.· ·- B-10 .. - f 9. MAJOR BIB\.IOGR.\PHICAL REFERENCES , - Recorders: Mrs. Walter Black, Jr., Maryland Historical Trust 2525 Riva Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21401 Miss Pamela Cohen, Volunteer, Maryland Historical ·- Trust, Commission for Historical and Architec­ tural Preservation, 402 City Hall, Baltimore, ~ ..-... I Maryland See Continuation Sheet I 10. CEOGRAPHICAL~D__ A...;. T_A______·------., - 1.. A T•TuoE AN O l..ONGITUOE COORDINAT ES 0 ---i:i:i7l-uo----E A.N O- 1..0NCITUO£------·---- COOROINATE5 ·- -- 0£FININC A R ECT ANC l..E 1..0CATINC THE P•IOPEHTY OCFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPC:R TY R .______::..;__:;;...:._:_;__....,.. OF L E SS TMAN _ TF.N_;,_ ____ ACRES -----4

1..AT I TUOE l.ONC1TUOE L AT1Tuoc.____ ,__ ___ ..._o _N_G_1_T_u_o_c___ ....-j

Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Minute s Seconds M inu t~s Second1 0 ·.- NW 0 0 NE 0 0 39 17 21.20 76 36 54.71 SE 0 0 ..... c;w e> • • 0 APPROl

STATE: COOE COUNTY · coc,r;

STATE: COOE COUNTY CODE

STATE : CODE COUNTY : COOE ~ ' -- -- f11. FORM PREPARED BY ... ------·-·------i • NAME AN O TITl..E: Catharine F. Black, Commission Member

"'."A'::'.'T-=-E------1 '------=ORGAN12. A TION P~am=:.::e::..:l=-a=-..;;C:...;o:;.;h;.;;..:~ Vo]JJn~e.r_ __ ------.,-0 Commission for Historical and Archite.c.t uiiLLCr1 · ~u1L-___..-1...:J=-=u~l:-L-.v~S~.._ · =l~9~7~2=--j ST R EET ANo NUMBER: Preservation 0

1 4....,..:_02__:C....,i_·t ....;y~_H_a_l_l ______y _ ··------.,---::c:::-:,,::-:1..-J z ,_CITY OR TOWN : !>TATE 0 Baltimore M rirvl ,,.,.,,.::i I 12. STAT E LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICA I ION NATIONA L REGI STER VERIFICATION

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Ni<­ I hereby certif y that this property is included in lh<.' t1onal Historic P reservat ion Act of 1966 (Public L~w Nation11l Uegister. S9-6flS). I herebr nominate this property for l!_1clu,,;1on in the National Rc:p,1ster and Ce' rtify lhal it has b.-cn evaluated according to the criteria and procedures Sci forth by thf' National Park Service. T he recommended Chil"f, ' ou1~·c of A rcheo/ogy and H istoric Preservation level of s1(!.nif1cance of this nom1nation is: Nat1oru.l CJ Stale X l L o.:al Cl \

Name 1 J_ ..LLQc::::::.~~~~cY~()~}Q._=-J)_..::..~-- ATTEST: Orlando Ridout IV

Tittc State Liaison Officer for

Maryland Keeper of The National R f'gi~ter

nate July 11, 1972.______

------· - - GP O 9 o t .0 8 l B-10 .. Form 10-3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Baltimore City INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM ,... FOR NPS USE ONLY ; . (Continuation Sheet) l:NT .. Y NUMBER I O AT£ I ·.. .. ' (NUlllHI .11 entrl••) : . •. . 6. REPdRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS continued ., . Lan mark List State x ~~ . . .' Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation Room 402, City Hall Baltimore, Maryland State Code 24

·, 7. DESCRIPTION continued .., . memorial to Bishop Wittingharn and was contributed by the children of the congregation. A mural monument of Caen stone set in Siena --· . marble was designed in Italian Renaissance style by the Baltimore ' . architects Wyatt and Nolting, and installed in memory of Reverand .: Thomas B. Chase, the father of Samuel Chase~ Signer of the Decla­ ration of Independence .

Another addition to the church was the installation in 1902 of four circular medallions depicting the four evangelists as sym­ bolic figures above the pillars of the nave. The 1946 restora­ tion by extensive sand- blasting removed all the yellow paint from the brick' exterior. The addition of a brick- paved garden containing a colUmbarium, and the construction of an assembly room, six classrooms and a kitchen, comprise recent chapters in . J the long and varied history of St. Paul's . The present edifice was erected in 1854 upon the foundation of the Church built in 1817. This earlier building was destroyed ·:,,.... ·. by fire on April 28 , 1854. As far as we have been able to as­

.. ,;. certain there has never been a location survey made. The dimen­ sions issued are taken from the Real Property Plat made by t-he City of Baltimore, Department of Public Works in November 1966.

8 . SIGNIFICANCE continued

It was replaced by the present basili~a-style church, designed ·- by Richard Upjohn, a leading New York : architect. Through the years, members of St. Paul's Church have played im­ portant roles in civic and historic events. Among the most prominent are: Samuel Chase, Signer of the Declaration of Inde­ pendence and a Justice of the U.S .. Supreme Court; Richard Gist, ..- .. . William Hammond and George Buchanan who were among the commis ­ sioners appointed to lay out Baltimore Town; Robert Alexander, member of the Congress of 1776; Charles Carroll, the Barrister, who was the framer of the State Constitution; Colonel John Eager

(1 of 3 Continuation Sheets) • I B-10 I • Fe,.. 10·3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATlt U11ly 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland I TIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY , INVENTORY • HOMIHATIOH FORM Baltifuore City FOR NPS USE ONLY (Continuation Sheet) ENTRY NUMBER I DATE I

...; 8. SIGNIFICANCE continued

Ho~ard, hero of the Battle of Cowpens, member of the Congress of 1787, Governor of Maryland and twice a U.S. Senator; Thomas Johnson, Governor of Maryland and Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court; General George Armistead, Commander of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812 and Colonel Tench Tilghman who carried the news of Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown to the American Congress at . . , .

.... • . 9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES continued

Sources:

} . . Allen, Ethan. "Historical Sketches of St. Paul's Parish in . .. Baltimore County, Maryland." (Baltimore: 1855). Unpublish­ ',. ' . ed manuscript in Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore. Beirne, Francis, F. St. Paul ' s Parish , Baltimore: A chronicle of the Mother Church. (Baltimore: Horn-Shafer, 1967). Foot­ note #1. p. 178.

Herring, Thomas R. Concerning Old Saint Paul's (Baltimore, 1946) Unpublished manuscript in the Maryland Room , Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore . ... ' . Hitchcock, Henry-Russell. Early Victorian Architecture in .· Britain. (New Haven:_ Yale University Press, 1954}. Foot-_ note #2 . P. 130. Howland, Richard H. and Eleanor P. Spencer. The Architecture of Baltimore. (Baltimore : John Hopkins University Press, 1953). - Kinsolving, Arthur B. , D. D. A Short History of St. Paul's Parisi Baltimore, Mary l and, 1692-1939. · (Baltimore, 1939). Pamph­ let in the Maryland Room , Enoch P~att Free Library, Balti- more. Scharf, J. Thomas. The Chronicles of Baltimore. (Baltimore: Turnbull Brothers, 1874). Snyder, ·-William T., Jr. "Old St. Paul ' s, Baltimore, XXXVI, No. 3.· (December, 1942).

(2 of 3 Continuation Sheets) B-10 -, ...... F-10.300. • · UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR IT•TE Uvly \969) · · HA TIOHAL PARK SERVICE Maryland I NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Baiti~ore City INVENTORY • NOMINATION FORM ', FOR NPS USE OHL Y ENTRY NUMBER . I ( (Continuation Sheet) I

9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES continued

Stanton, Phoebe B. The Gothic Revival and American Church Archi­ tecture: An Episode in Taste, 1840-'1856. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968).

Upjohn, Everard M. Richard Upjohn: Architect and Churchman. · .(New York: Press, 1939).

'·.;• .. .

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( 3 of 3 Con t inuati o n Sheets)

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j2. LOCATION ·--- - ...__~S-T_R_E_E_T_A_N_D--N~U-M_B_E_R,-"'---- ·~-~ - __...... , ...... - ... -., .·---~------·------...... _ ... _.,, ______...... ~ ,. 2 33 North Q.h?.f:J:.~s Str ~-~.~t______,______J I C l T Y O R T O WN : Balti more S rA 'l' E::: l CfJ l)t.'. r;.·~IJ ll ~ Y : ..- ·---·- ·-~~!')[' c:-;'-·'.~C:E.t :l a !~~~··-· -··-. - ---- ·.. - ···------.. -- ...?. ..1 ._ .~ ___ o ~~J... t :imor e cl ty______l_ii~ -Q-= z µ. P.HOTO RE F..E ~ . ENC~ · . . PHoTo ~RE;IT: ·· Gretcheri- Redden ·--· ·-'·· ------~--''------

o AT E O F PHOTO: February' I~ w N CG A Tl ~~- ; ; ~-~~:-T: ComrnissTo n 'for- HTs torical and Ar chite ctural w Preservation, 402 City Hall, Baltimore, Maryland

DESC.R I BE V I E W, D I R E C T I O N, ETC . St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church from the West

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···. "'"~ ;'·X·1 ~~tk~ ,- B-10 r ' f • ( Form 10-301 STAT ES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STAT E (Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryl and

<;OUN T V NATIONAL ~EGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Baltimore Ci ty ,PROPERTY MAP FORM FOR NPS USE 0NL Y (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map) ENTRY NUMSER DATE

··:-.· ; , -· ··-.•-, . · .:._.,...... :· ...: .. " Z lt9'~~A\E /~\~·; .. ,. .. • . i, . J.,..' '.. . C> ~c~o_M~M~o~N ~: _ ____s:;;.....:: t~.'--P__;:_a~u~l'--' ~s___,P~r-=-=-o~t~e.:.,..=.s~t_a_n~t--==-'-=-"'~.;._,i,:~a~l=--~C~h~u=-=-r~c~h.::..-~~~~~~~~ .. AND/o R H 1sToR1c, Old St. Paul ' s Chur ch ·: ·::· -...... ·:; ... . .- S TRE ET AND NUMBER: u 233 N. Charles Street ' ~------·----~------l ~:' . :::r Cl'fV O fl TOWN : ~ Baltimore ..... STATE: CODE Maryland Cit 5 . •'}" """ ..• z SOURCE: U. S . G. S . 7 1/2 ' Quadrangle Baltimore East w SCALE: 1 :24 000 D A TE: 1 953 Photo revised 1966 w . . -:-~-.....,,-~~-~..,...... ~. -~. ~; · ~·...... ,...... ,,....,......

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...g C> -10 N. R. FIELD SHEET rnA&-1 #OU Mt ot.t!io<6 STATE: Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INT ERIOR (Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

COUNTY: MATIOMAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLAC ES

IMVEMTORY - MOMIMATIOM FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER l !DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) I

COMMON: St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church ANDI OR H IST ORI C: Old St. Paul's Church ....

s·TREET AND NUMBER: 233 North Charles Street C IT Y OR TOWN : Baltimore S T A TE I CODE ICOUN T Y: I C ODE Maryland I I Baltimore City I

CATEGORY ACCESSrnLE OWN ERSHIP STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC z: District D Building :u Pubhc ·0 Public Acqui s ition: Occupied IJQ Yes: 0 Site 0 Structure D P r i vate ~ In Process D Unoccupied O Restricted gg Both 0 Being Considered 0 Preservation work Unrestri<:ted 0 Object D in progress 0 No: 0

PRESEN T USE (Chec k One or More (JS Appropriate) Agricu lturo I D Government 0 Park D Transportation 0 Comments 0 Commercial 0 Industrial 0 Private Residence 0 Other ( Specify) 0 Educotionol 0 Military 0 Re!Jigio us KJ Entertainment Museum Scientific V'l 0 0 0 l&t.>,QWNEitOF.'PR9Pf;RTY ,. ·,,,. z: " " OWN E RS NAME: Vestry of st. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church w STREET ANO NUMBER: w 233 N~ Charles street I COD E I

See Cont.inno+.-4 nn .C::nAA-t-. JJ.1 STREET AN O NUMB ER:

CITY OR TOWN : I COOE () ISTATE 0 c I z -I APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY : .Jtj acre -<

TITLE OF SU RVEY: Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation rr1 DATE OF SU RVEY: .l.~b5 Federal n Stole D County D Loco! ~ z DEPOSI T ORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: -I ,, ll -< 0 ~ z z STREET AND NUMBER: c ~ GJ " 40'l City Hall rr1 c"' VO CITY OR TOWN : I CODE ~ ~ m 0 Baltimore 0 z I )> r -I rr1 -< ·N. R. FIELD SHEET

( Check One) CONDITION Excellent ~ Good 0 Foir 0 D"terioroted 0 Ruins 0 Unexposed 0 (Check One) (Check One) INTEGRITY Altered 0 Unaltered ~ Moved 0 Original Site ~ DESCRIBE THE PRESENT ANO ORIGINAi. (It known) PHYSIC Al. APPEARANCE The original design for St. Paul's Church, indicated in Richard Upjohn's perspective rendering of the facade, was a brick

basilica, painted yellow, including a six-storied bell tower (1). Although the tower was only partially canpleted, the structure has nevertheless been called one of Upjohn's best by Henry-Russell Hitchco~~~ Structurally, the church is an eclectic juxtaposition of twelfth- century Italian elements on the exterior and Romanesque elements on the interior. The facade is divided into flat sections, broken by pilasters and the portico is supported by corbel arches. The basilican design of m m the nave and aisles is articulated by round arches and barrel vaulting.

The two bas-reliefs on the facade, executed by the Italian sculptor z

Capellano, and depicting Moses Holding the Tablets of the Law and Christ -t :::0 Breaking the Bread, were originally part of the facade of the 1814 church c n which burned. With theiir ped:imental frame, they sttt>Ply another neo- -t classical element. 0 The church is rich in extant artifacts, five of which (including z

the aforementioned relief panels) were rescujed fran the fire. The• 'D rs"" are the stained gla.ss window over the entrance, depicting the risen Christ, the marble baptismal font, and the Bishop's chair, given to St. Paul's in 1813 by George Grundy. The white marble altar and the Caen stone reredos) set with mosaics>whose central motif is the cross and peacoc~~ early resurrection symbol,, and the Greek cross in the tiling of the chancel floor, decorated with the fleur-de-lis# (an early symbol of the Trinity), are among the predominant artistic features of the church's interior.

(Continuation Sheet #1) N. R. FIELD SHEE( 6-10 . ' ;.: .;:

P E RIOD ( Check One or M ore a s Approp r iate) Pre-Columbian O 16th Century O 18th Ce ntury 0 20th Century 0 15th Century 0 17 th Century 0 19th Century ~

SP ECIFI C D ATEIS I (lf Appllcable and K nown)

AREAS OF S IGN I FICANC E (Chec k One o r M ore as A p propriate) Abar iginol Education D Political 0 . Urban Planning 0 Prehistoric 0 Engineering 0 Religion/ Phi· Other (Sp ec ify) 0 !:ii s tori c 0 In dustry 0 losophy ~ Agriculture 0 Invention 0 Science 0 Art Kl Landsca pe Scu lpture 0 C omm er ce 0 Archi lecture Q!I Socia l/ Huma n· C ommunications 0 Li te rature 0 i tori o n 0 C o nservation 0 Military 0 T heater 0 Music 0 T ranspo rtation 0

ST ATEMENT OF S I G N IFI C ANC E (in c lude P ersonages, Dates, E vents, Etc .) In 1729, when Baltimore was lai d out, the Vestry of St. Paul's Parish

took up Lot 19, the highest point in the new town and erected a small brick z church, thus providing the first public pl.ace of worship in Baltimore and 0 establishing the Mother Church of all Episcopal congregations in the city.

The present structure still occupies part of that original land. It is the only property which has remained continuous.cy under the same owner ship

1- since the original survey of the town and division of lots. VI z The congregation of St. Paul 1 s had been formed in 1692 at Patapsco Neck by the Rev. John Yeo. Authority for establishing the congregation w w came fran the 1692 Act of the Maryland Assemb.cy which divided Baltimore VI County into three parishes of which Patapsco was the first organized. Moving into Baltimore Town in 1731, the congregation constructed its r

first church on this site, a view of which is given in Jolµl Moale 1s 1752 drawing of Baltimore (at the Maryland Historical Society). A second church

was erected between 1779 and 1784 and 1.ocated slightly south of the original building.

Both of these structures were aurrcmnded by a graveyard which was later removed to its present location at Fremont and Lombard Streets. Among the historic personages buried there are Col. John Eager Howard, Justice Samuel Chase, Gen . George Armistead. and Col. Tench Tilghman. (See continuation sheet #2) N. R. FIELD SHEET'. 8 - /0 MA;.IOR BtBtJOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ~ft~ ' Allen, Ethan. "Historical Sketches of St. Paul's Parish in Baltimore County, MarylandII• (Baltimore:l855). Unpublished manuscript in Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore.

Beirne, Francis F. st. Paul's Parish1 Baltimore: A Chronicle of the Mother Church. (Baltimore : Hom-Shafer, 1967). 't . I '.1 i' HeITing, Than.as R. Concerning Old Saint Paul's (Balti.more, 1946). Unpublished manuscript in the Maryland Roan, Enoch Pratt Free LiDrary, Baltimore. (Continuation Sheet #3) ', lO •.': GE'OGRAPHICAL DAT A ., L ATITUDE A N D L O N GITUDE COORDI NATES 0 L A TITUDE AN D L ON G I T U D E COORDI NATES DEFI N I N G A RECT AN GLE LOC A TI N G TH E P R O PERT Y DE F I N I NG TH E CENTER PO I NT OF A PRO P ER T Y R OF LESS TH~N 9!"~ ACR E COR NE R LA T I T UDE LON G I T U DE L ATI T UD E LONGITU DE

Degre es Minut"s Seconds Degrees Minutes Se conds De grees Minvles Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW 0 . . 0 . . 0 . . 0 . . NE 0 . . 0 . . 39 17 31.20 76 36 54.71 SE 0 . . 0 . . SW I? ' . 0 ' .

L I S T A LL ST A TES AND COUNTI ES FOR P ROPER TIES OVE R L A P P ING S T A TE O R COUNTY BOUNDARIES

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S T ATE: CODE C O UN T Y : CODE

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S TATE: CODE COUN T Y: CODE -f ;o .. , ·:· ... ..· · <'.. ··--: . ·.:·":''"': " ···'"" " ' :: ':f 1i'N~ . 'FO.RM PREPARG.[) ~J · ·" . " c NAME A N D TI T LE: Catharine F. Black, Commission Member Pamela Cohen, Volunteer n

ORGANIZA T I O N I D ATE -f Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservat.ion November 9. 197: S T REET A ND NUMBER: 0 402 City Hall z CI T Y OR TOWN : STATE CODE Baltimore Maryland ·.·· .. 12. . STATE LIAISON OFFICER :c~RtrF!cAYio~f · NATIONAL REGtSti:R VERfF'iCA:t :ION / . ..

As t he designated State L iaison Officer for the Na- I he rebv certify that this pro perty is inc l uded in the tiona l His to ric Pre servatio n Act of 1966 (P ubl ic Law 89-665). I h ereby nomina te t h is property for inclusion Na tional Register. in the National Regis ter a nd certify that it has been e val uated ac cording to the criteria and procedures set forth by the Na t iona l Park Serv ice. T he re commended Chief, 0££ice of A rc heol o~y and H istoric Preservation leve l of significance of this no mination is: National 0 State ® Local 0 l;l ·ri~ v Date N • m•21 ~11 ATTEST:

Title

K eeper of T he N ati on al R egi s ter

D ate Dat e BALTIMORE ~TROCENTER SURVEY SURVEY NO . : B-10

AREA: Cathedral Hill MAGI NO . : 0400101508

Address: 233 North Charles Street Current Name: Old St. Paul ' s Episcopal Church

Block: 608 Lot: 6 Lot size: 111 ft . x 147 ft. Height: Materials : Brick Condi tio n: Good Owner: Vestry of St. Paul's Church Use: Religious Accessible: Yes, unrestricted Designation: NR , BCL Liber/Folio:

Histor ic Name: St. Paul ' s Protestant Episcopal ChurGh Date: 1854-56 Architect/Builder: Richard Upjohn, arch. Style (if appropriate): Romanesque Revival

Description: The facade consists of a gable roofed central portion with an arcaded porch under a shed roof. A square tower with a hipped roof sli ghtly higher than the porch roof stands at the southwest corner of the building. A larger square tower , ori ginally designed to be 150 feet high, is located at the northwest corner of the church. The exteri or above the porch is divided by projecting piers into three parts, with the c entral portion dominated by a traceried rose window in a brownstone frame . The side bays have bas-relief stone panels . Brownstone blind arcades ornament the edges of the three bays . A badly deteriorated blind arcade of the por ch is outlined in marble and is supported on unfluted Tuscan columns . Brownstone roundels with crosses are set in the spandrels. The southwest tower has an arched lancet s t ained glass window within a recessed panel with a brownstone sill . A smaller arched lancet is l ocated just above street level. The northwest t ower has a more elaborate desi gn of panels with blind arches in two bays and a modern clock just abo~e the first story l ancets . A marble base of ashlar stone at the foot of the tower has a top course of brownstone. The Signi·ficance: roof is stainless steel with standing seams . Area: a rchitecture , religion Level: State

St. Paul's Church is the symbol of the first Episcopal congregation in Ba l timore , established in 1692 . This is t he fourth church on the s ite, the first built in 1729 and the present erected in 1854-56. The property has the oldest continuous ownership since the original survey of Baltimore. The church is the only work existing in Baltimore by Richard Upjohn, one of the leading architects of the Gothic Revival style in the mid- 19th century.

Sources: CHAP file Surveyor and Date: Janet Davis, February 1985 Oulu

form 10-445 l . STATE HISTOR IC AM E RICAN BUILD! NGS SURVEY ( 5 62) Maryland COUN T Y Baltimore City INVHHORY B-1 0 TOWN VICIN I TY 2. NAME St. Paul ' s P. E . Church STREET No . Char les & Saratoga Sts. D A TE OR PE RIOD ORIGINAL OW N E R ST Y LE ORIGINAL USE ARCHITEC T • PRE SE N T OWN ER BUILDER PRESEN T USE WALL CON STRUCTION 3. FOR USE N O. OF STORIES

4. NOTABLE FEATURES, HISTORICAL SIGNIFICAN CE ANO DESCRIPTION O PEN TO PUBLIC .lJ N ;;:; w ~

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l­ o 1 D. w z •1; z 0 I­ • ( ~ ~ C' u. z ..J ' < 1- z w S. PHYSICAL CONDI TION OF ! TR'UC TURE Endangered In t e ri or Exterior ~ l!J ..J Q_ Q_ :J I/)

~ 6 . LOCATION MAP (Pion Opt ional) 7. PHOTOGRAPH 3. PUOLISHC O SOU RCES(Author, T i tle, Poqes) 9. NAME, ADD RESS ANO Tl TLE (.I F RECORDER INTERVIEWS, RE CORDS, PHOTOS, C:TC.

DA TE OF RECORD Continuation Sheet #1 St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church Baltimore, Md. ~ - 10 Question #5. OLD ST. PAUL'S CHURCH

Location: Southeast comer of Charles and Saratoga Streets

legal description: Southeast corner of Charles and Saratoga Streets and according to a Block survey the area owned by the Church is one hundred eleven feet (ill' ) more or less by one hundred

forty seven feet six inches (147 16 11 ) more or

*!he present edifice was erected in 1854 upon the foundation of the

Church built in 1817 which was destroyed by fire on April 28, 1854.

So far as we have been able to ascertain there has never been a

location survey made . The dimensions issued are taken from the Real Property Plat made by the City of Baltimore, Department of Public Works in November 1966.

Question #7

The altar window was installed in 1902 and designed and executed by

Maitland Armstrong of New York. The decoration around the side windowsJ.-fonning a border just above the wainscotting is infused with the synibology of Christ and the Resurrection.

Modification of the-1854 structure beg~ in 1892 with the installation of three memorials on the occasion of the parish's 200th Anniversary. Two stained glass windows, "St. Augustine and his Mother" and "St. Inke, the Good Physician," were designed by the Tiffany Glass Company and erected on this occasion, the former a memorial to Continuation Sheet #2 St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church Baltimore, Md.

Question #7 (Continuation) Bishop Wittingham and contributed by the children of the congregation. A mural monument of Caen stone set in Siena marble, designed in Italian Renaissance style, by the Baltimore architects Wyatt and Nolting, was installed in memory of Rev. Thanas B. Chase, the father of Samuel Chase, Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Another addition to the church was the installation in 1902 of four circular medallions above the pillars of the nave, depicting the four evangelists as symbolic figures. The restoration in 1946 by extensive sand-blasting which removed all the yellow paint from the brick exterior, the addition of a brick-paved garden containing a columbarium, and the construction of an assembly room, six classrooms and a kitchen, comprise recent chapters in the long and varied history of St. Paul's. (1). Francis F. Beirne, St. Paul's Parish, Baltimore, p. 178. (2) . Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Earl,y Victorian Architecture in Britain, p. 130.

Question #8 A fourth and larger St. Paul's was begun in 1814 and

consecrated in 1817. Designed by Robert Cary Long, Sr. in the

neo-classical style, this building was destroyed by f'ire in 1854. It was replaced by the present basilica-style church, designed by Richard Upjohn, a leading New York architect. Members of St. Paul's have played roles of civic and historic importance through the years. Among the most prominent are : Samuel Chase, Signer of the Declaration of Independence and a Justice of the U. s. Supreme OourtjRichard Gist, WiJliam Hammond and

George Buchanan who were among the camnissioners appointed to lay out Continuation Sheet #3 St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church fJ - /0 Baltimore, Md.

Question # 8 (Continuation)

Baltimore Town; Robert Alexander, member of the Congress of 1776; Charles

Carroll, Barrister, who was the framer of the State Constitution;

Col. John Eager Howard, hero of the Battle of Cowpens, member of the Congress of 1787, Governor of Maryland and twice a U. s. Senator; Thomas Johnson, Governor of Maryland and Justice of the U. s. Supreme

Court; Gen. George Armistead, canmander of Fort McHenry during the

var of 1812 and Col. Tench Tilghman who carried the news of Cornwallis'

surrender at Yorktown to the American Congress at Philadelphia.

Question# 9

Hitchcock, Henry-Russell. Early Victorian Architecture in Britain. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954).

Howland, Richard H. and Eleanor P. Spencer. The Ar chitecture of Baltimore. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1953).

Kinsolving, Arthur B., D.D. A Short Hist0ry of St. Paul's Parish, Baltimore, Maryland, 1692-1939. (Baltimore, 1939). Pamphlet in the Maryland Roan, Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore.

Scharf, J. Thomas. The Chronicles of Baltimore. (Baltimore: Turnbull Brothers, 1874).

Snyder, William T., Jr. "Old St. Paul's~' Baltimore, XXXVI, No. 3. (December, 1942).

Stanton, Phoebe B. The Gothic Revival and American Church Architecture: An Episode in Taste, 1840-1856. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968).

Upjohn, Everard M. Richard Upjohn: Architect and Churchman. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1939). Charles Carroll of Ca"ollton, signer Col. John Eager Howard, hero of of the Declaration of Independence the Battle of Cowpens

Revolution and Post-War Boom

B ALTIMORE came through the Revolution unscathed. The town boasted two patriots of national distinc­ tion in Charles Carroll of Carrollton, statesman, and Col. John Eager Howard, military leader. It built ships for the infant navy, and its gallant sons under Maj. Mordecai Gist saved Washington's army at Long Island. In the post-war years trade boomed and the town grew. The census of 1800 gave it a population of ·roblem 31,514, an increase of more than 100 per cent over the census of 1790. It was with no little pride that the prosperous burghers set their gold watches by the "Town Clock" in the graceful tower of the First German Reformed Church (right). Yet on the out­ skirts Baltimore still bore the aspects of a village.

1rtyard ., Light I Sts., 13 and 's chief nington t guest. Jeffer­ :re, too. :sh from n Lake derf t.

This rustic scene is Charles and Saratoga Streets, looking east, around Tl!IXJ. The church is St. Paul's

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Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church B-10 233 North Charles Street Cathedral Hill - Metrocen ter Survey Baltimore (City), Maryland Photo: Janet Davis Date: May 1985 Neg. loc. : l1aryland Historical Trust West elevation