DOCSLIB.ORG

Cyrtosperma Merkusii); in Vitro and in Vivo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cyrtosperma Merkusii); in Vitro and in Vivo Salinity Tolerance of Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii); In vitro and In vivo By Shiwangni RAO A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Science School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment The University Of the South Pacific September, 2011 ©Shiwangni Rao 2011 0 Author Declaration I Shiwangni Rao, declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material substantially overlapping with material submitted for the award on any other degree at any institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. i Supervisor Declaration This is to declare that this thesis titled “Salinity Tolerance of Giant Swamp Taro Cyrtosperma merkusii” submitted in fulfilment for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science to the University of the South Pacific, is the original research work of Miss Shiwangni Rao conducted under our supervision and guidance. It contains no material that is overlapping with material submitted for the award on any other degree at any institution, except where due acknowledgment is made in the text. Principle Chief Supervisor; Dr. Anjeela Jokhan Dean Faculty of Science Technology and Environment University of the South Pacific P.O. Box 1168 Suva Principle Co-supervisors: Dr. Mary Taylor Genetic Resources Coordinator/Centre of Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT) Secretariat of the Pacific Community Private Mail Bag Suva Signature: Date: ____02/12/11_________ ii Dr. Arthur Webb Division of Science and Technology Secretariat of the Pacific Community Private Mail Bag Suva Signature: iii Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the very important people that have helped me throughout this research. First and foremost the Australian Government, who provided the funding for this research through the International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (ICCAI). Dr. Anjeela Jokhan the chief principle supervisor for introducing me to the sponsors of this research. For being the academic guiding light throughout the research in terms of building the research and write-up. Dr. Mary Taylor the co-supervisor, for accepting me as a candidate for this research and allowing me to conduct my research at the Centre for Pacific Crops and Tress (CePaCT), Narere. For giving her full support despite her busy schedules and encouraging my exposure in the field of scientific research. Also for introducing me to the resource personnel’s and for her continuous academic and technical support. Dr. Arthur Webb co-supervisor, for his scientific and technical input and advice during the research, especial for the ground water salinity survey in Tuvalu. The staff of CePaCT, for teaching me tissue culture and for their moral and technical support during the experimental phase of the research. University of the South Pacific Research committee for considering this research as significant and the developments that can be achieved through it and giving their approval. The technical staff in the chemistry and biology departments namely Rosely Sharm, Shelvin Singh, Dinesh Sharma and Roselyn Lata. The Tuvalu Agriculture Minister Mr. Itai Lausaveve for guiding my stay in Tuvalu and for his technical support. The Kaupule members and agriculture officers of Nanumaga, Nanumea, Niutao, Nui and Nukulaelae for providing me with iv information and technical support. The very enlightening farmers of the six surveyed islands of Tuvalu for sharing their knowledge on the giant swamp taro. The Federated States of Micronesia, Pohnpei State Department Chief Agriculture officer Mr. Adelino Lorens, the office staff and the agriculture field technicians at the pilot farm. For all their technical support in the two day workshop in Pohnpei, helping in translation, collection of information in the farm. The farmers that participated in the workshop for sharing their bulk of knowledge and contributing in the development of the Giant swamp taro Cyrtosperma merkusii Descriptor List. I would also like to acknowledge my husband Mr. James Chand, for his continuously encouragement and pushing me to go the extra mile in my research. For being understanding, for his prayers and advice during the research. My Parents Mr Mahendra Prakash, Mrs. Shanti Mani and my sisters for their moral support and prayers. Finally, I would like to thank the many people that have not been listed above but have in their very own little way contributed to the smooth running and the successfully completion of this research project Thank you all. v Abstract Climate change related sea level rise together with adjustments to wind and wave patterns may cause an increase in the incidence of salt water intrusion into fresh ground water lenses, particularly in atoll islands. This saline intrusion may end up in Giant swamp taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) cultivation pits, a crop which is a major food on these atoll islands and also a great part of their cultural identity. Hence, an increase in the salinity levels of the fresh ground water not only threatens the food security of these atoll island communities, but also their identity. In past literature, Giant swamp taro has been referred to as slightly salt tolerant. It has been seen to survive at a salinity level of around 2-3ppt (Dunn, 1976; Manner, 2006: Webb, 2007). However, these salinity levels are only claims and have not been tested in controlled trials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the salt tolerance potential of Giant swamp taro and utilize it as a buffer against increases in ground water salinity. Furthermore, the documentation along with sustainable conservation of giant swamp taro is also essential to prevent the loss of traditional knowledge and diversity of this important crop. Given that climate change is expected to increase the incidence of salt intrusion into giant swamp taro pits, the fundamental endeavours of this project were threefold (a) to investigate the incidence of salt water intrusion in Tuvalu (b) to develop the knowledge base of giant swamp taro through a descriptor list (c) to develop a rapid in vitro screening methodology for salt tolerance screening which could be used to assess the salinity tolerance of two groups of swamp taro cultivars, Ikaraoi and Katutu from Kiribati. A preliminary in vivo method for screening for salt tolerance was also developed. The ground water salinity survey in Tuvalu was carried out over a period of five weeks and six islands were visited. Measurements were taken using a salinity meter. The survey showed ground water salinity levels between 2006 and 2010 increased on Funafuti but not on the other islands. An in vitro method was developed for rapid screening. Using this methodology, the two cultivar groups from Kiribati were shown to survive salinity concentrations of VI 0% (0ppt), 0.5% (5ppt), 1.0% (10ppt), 1.5% (15 ppt) and 2% (20ppt) salt. However, the in vivo plants were only able to tolerate up to 0.5% (5pp) salt concentrations, possibly due to stress imposed by other environmental factors. However, further research is needed for both the ground water salinity survey and the salt tolerance screening. Further investigations would give both a clearer idea of the incidence of increase in ground water salinity levels and also the variation that might exist in salinity tolerance with different cultivars. A more clear understanding of the extent to which genetic diversity can affect salt tolerance would assist the selection of hardier cultivars. There is much significant scientific value to be gained from this project, as limited studies have been carried out generally on giant swamp taro and determining the level of salinity tolerance is essential so that farmers and communities know which cultivars they can use as they try to manage climate change. VII Contents Author Declaration ..................................................................................................... i Supervisor Declaration .............................................................................................. ii Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................... iv Abstract .................................................................................................................... VI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................... 5 2.1 ATOLL GROUND WATER LENS ................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Threats to fresh ground water lens ............................................................... 7 2.2 SALINITY TOLERANCE IN PLANTS ........................................................... 9 2.2.1 Effects of increased soil salinity ................................................................ 11 2.2.2 Plant Response ........................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 Approaches to salt tolerance ...................................................................... 17 2.2.4 Salinity Testing .......................................................................................... 21 2.3 GIANT SWAMP TARO (Cyrtosperma merkusii) ........................................... 24 2.3.1 Origin ......................................................................................................... 27 2.3.2 Current Distribution
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, Conservation and Utilization
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 19, Number 1, January 2018 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 140-152 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190121 The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization YUZAMMI Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens (Bogor Botanic Gardens), Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-251-8352518, Fax. +62-251-8322187, ♥email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 4 October 2017. Revision accepted: 18 December 2017. Abstract. Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 19: 140-152. Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ conservation centre, covering an area of 87 ha, with 12,376 plant specimens, collected from Indonesia and other tropical countries throughout the world. One of the richest collections in the Gardens comprises members of the aroid family (Araceae). The aroids are planted in several garden beds as well as in the nursery. They have been collected from the time of the Dutch era until now. These collections were obtained from botanical explorations throughout the forests of Indonesia and through seed exchange with botanic gardens around the world. Several of the Bogor aroid collections represent ‘living types’, such as Scindapsus splendidus Alderw., Scindapsus mamilliferus Alderw. and Epipremnum falcifolium Engl. These have survived in the garden from the time of their collection up until the present day. There are many aroid collections in the Gardens that have potentialities not widely recognised. The aim of this study is to reveal the diversity of aroids species in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, their scientific value, their conservation status, and their potential as ornamental plants, medicinal plants and food.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Alocasia (Araceae: Colocasieae) for Thailand Including a Novel Species and New Species Records from South-West Thailand
    THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 36: 1–17. 2008. A review of Alocasia (Araceae: Colocasieae) for Thailand including a novel species and new species records from South-West Thailand PETER C. BOYCE* ABSTRACT. A review of Alocasia in Thailand is presented. One new species (A. hypoleuca) and three new records (A. acuminata, A. hypnosa & A. perakensis) are reported. A key to Alocasia in Thailand is presented and the new species is illustrated. INTRODUCTION Alocasia is a genus of in excess of 100 species of herbaceous, laticiferous, diminutive to gigantic, usually robust herbs. The genus has recently been revised for New Guinea (Hay, 1990), Australasia (Hay & Wise, 1991), West Malesia and Sulawesi (Hay, 1998), the Philippines (Hay, 1999) while post main-treatment novelties have been described for New Guinea (Hay, 1994) Borneo (Hay, Boyce & Wong, 1997; Hay, 2000; Boyce, 2007) & Sulawesi (Yuzammi & Hay, 1998). Currently the genus is least well understood in the trans-Himalaya (NE India to SW China) including the northern parts of Burma, Thailand, Lao PDR and Vietnam with only the flora of Bhutan (Noltie, 1994) partly covering this range. In the absence of extensive fieldwork the account presented here for Thailand can at best be regarded as provisional. STRUCTURE & TERMINOLOGY Alocasia plants are often complex in vegetative and floral structure and some notes on their morphology (based here substantially on Hay, 1998) are useful to aid identification. The stem of Alocasia, typically of most Araceae, is a physiognomically unbranched sympodium. The number of foliage leaves per module is variable between and within species and individuals, but during flowering episodes in some species it may be reduced to one.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Climate and Disaster Resilience of Investments in the Pacific Hydroclimatic Risk Assessment for Vaisigano River Catchment, Samoa
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Project Number: 48488-001 November 2019 Regional: Strengthening Climate and Disaster Resilience of Investments in the Pacific Hydroclimatic Risk Assessment for Vaisigano River Catchment, Samoa Prepared by Anthony Kiem (Hydroclimatologist) For Asian Development Bank This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 6 July 2019) Currency Unit – Samoan Tala (WST) 1 WST = $US0.376297 $US1 = 2.65748 WST ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AEP – Annual Exceedance Probability AR4 – Fourth Assessment Report from the IPCC AR5 – Fifth Assessment Report from the IPCC ARI – Average Recurrence Interval (years) CMIP – Coupled Model Intercomparison Project CSIRO – Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ENSO – El Niño/Southern Oscillation GCF – Green Climate Fund GCM – General Circulation Model (or Global Climate Model) GOS – Government of Samoa IOD – Indian Ocean Dipole IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPO – Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation ITCZ – Intertropical Convergence Zone MJO – Madden Julian Oscillation MOF – Samoa Ministry of Finance MNRE – Samoa Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment SWA – Samoa Water Authority EPC – Samoa Electric Power Corporation PCCSP – Pacific Climate Change Science Program PDO – Pacific Decadal Oscillation SAM – Southern Annular Mode SPCZ – South Pacific Convergence Zone SRES – Special Report on Emission Scenarios SST – Sea Surface Temperature UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WMO – World Meteorological Organization WPM – West Pacific Monsoon GLOSSARY Wet (cyclone) season – November to April.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Swamp Taro, a Little-Known Asian-Pacific Food Crop Donald L
    36 TROPICAL ROOT CROPS SYMPOSIUM Martin, F. W., Jones, A., and Ruberte, R. M. A improvement of yams, Dioscorea rotundata. wild Ipomoea species closely related to the Nature, 254, 1975, 134-135. sweet potato. Ec. Bot. 28, 1974,287-292. Sastrapradja, S. Inventory, evaluation and mainte­ Mauny, R. Notes historiques autour des princi­ nance of the genetic stocks at Bogor. Trop. pales plantes cultiVl!es d'Afrique occidentale. Root and Tuber Crops Tomorrow, 2, 1970, Bull. Inst. Franc. Afrique Noir 15, 1953, 684- 87-89. 730. Sauer, C. O. Agricultural origins and dispersals. Mukerjee, I., and Khoshoo, T. N. V. Genetic The American Geogr. Society, New York, 1952. evolutionary studies in starch yielding Canna Sharma, A. K., and de Deepesh, N. Polyploidy in edulis. Gen. Iber. 23, 1971,35-42. Dioscorea. Genetica, 28, 1956, 112-120. Nishiyama. I. Evolution and domestication of the Simmonds, N. W. Potatoes, Solanum tuberosum sweet potato. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 84, 1971, 377- (Solanaceae). In Simmonds, N. W., ed., Evolu­ 387. tion of crop plants. Longmans, London, 279- 283, 1976. Nishiyama, I., Miyazaki, T., and Sakamoto, S. Stutervant, W. C. History and ethnography of Evolutionary autoploidy in the sweetpotato some West Indian starches. In Ucko, J. J., and (Ipomea batatas (L). Lam.) and its preogenitors. Dimsley, G. W., eds., The domestication of Euphytica 24, 1975, 197-208. plants and animals. Duckworth, London, 177- Plucknett, D. L. Edible aroids, A locasia, Colo­ 199, 1969. casia, Cyrtosperma, Xanthosoma (Araceae). In Subramanyan, K. N., Kishore, H., and Misra, P. Simmonds, N. W., ed., Evolution of crop plants. Hybridization of haploids of potato in the plains London, 10-12, 1976.
    [Show full text]
  • ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • In Vivo Screening of Salinity Tolerance in Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma Merkusii)
    CSIRO PUBLISHING The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 32, 33-36, 2014 www.publish.csiro.au/journals/spjnas 10.1071/SP14005 In vivo screening of salinity tolerance in Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) Shiwangni Rao1, Mary Taylor2 and Anjeela Jokhan1 1Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. 2Centre for Pacific Crops & Trees, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Suva, Fiji. Abstract Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) is a staple food crop in the Pacific, especially in the low lying atoll islands such as Tuvalu and Kiribati. This is owing to its ability to survive under poor soil conditions and harsh environments. However, as a result of the effects of climate change such as sea water inundation and intrusion into the fresh ground water lens, this crop is now under threat. To address this issue an adaption approach was taken whereby, Cyrtosperma merkusii was screened in vivo for salt tolerance. The epistemology followed random selection of two cultivars Ikaraoi and Katutu. These two cultivars were subjected to 0% (0 parts per trillion), 0.5% (5 ppt), 1% (10 ppt), 1.5% (15 ppt) and 2% (20 ppt) of salt in Yates’s advance seedling common potting mix. Both cultivars were able to tolerate salinity levels up-to 5ppt which is significantly more than the salt tolerance in glycophytes of 2.83 ppt. This research provides an insight into the variation of salt tolerance that may exist in C.merkusii gene pool, which can be used to adapt to natural disasters and buffer its impacts.
    [Show full text]
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No. 503 the Vascular Plants Of
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 503 THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MAJURO ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS BY NANCY VANDER VELDE ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. AUGUST 2003 Uliga Figure 1. Majuro Atoll THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MAJURO ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS ABSTRACT Majuro Atoll has been a center of activity for the Marshall Islands since 1944 and is now the major population center and port of entry for the country. Previous to the accompanying study, no thorough documentation has been made of the vascular plants of Majuro Atoll. There were only reports that were either part of much larger discussions on the entire Micronesian region or the Marshall Islands as a whole, and were of a very limited scope. Previous reports by Fosberg, Sachet & Oliver (1979, 1982, 1987) presented only 115 vascular plants on Majuro Atoll. In this study, 563 vascular plants have been recorded on Majuro. INTRODUCTION The accompanying report presents a complete flora of Majuro Atoll, which has never been done before. It includes a listing of all species, notation as to origin (i.e. indigenous, aboriginal introduction, recent introduction), as well as the original range of each. The major synonyms are also listed. For almost all, English common names are presented. Marshallese names are given, where these were found, and spelled according to the current spelling system, aside from limitations in diacritic markings. A brief notation of location is given for many of the species. The entire list of 563 plants is provided to give the people a means of gaining a better understanding of the nature of the plants of Majuro Atoll.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biology and Geology of Tuvalu: an Annotated Bibliography
    ISSN 1031-8062 ISBN 0 7305 5592 5 The Biology and Geology of Tuvalu: an Annotated Bibliography K. A. Rodgers and Carol' Cant.-11 Technical Reports of the Australian Museu~ Number-t TECHNICAL REPORTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM Director: Technical Reports of the Australian Museum is D.J.G . Griffin a series of occasional papers which publishes Editor: bibliographies, catalogues, surveys, and data bases in J.K. Lowry the fields of anthropology, geology and zoology. The journal is an adjunct to Records of the Australian Assistant Editor: J.E. Hanley Museum and the Supplement series which publish original research in natural history. It is designed for Associate Editors: the quick dissemination of information at a moderate Anthropology: cost. The information is relevant to Australia, the R.J. Lampert South-west Pacific and the Indian Ocean area. Invertebrates: Submitted manuscripts are reviewed by external W.B. Rudman referees. A reasonable number of copies are distributed to scholarly institutions in Australia and Geology: around the world. F.L. Sutherland Submitted manuscripts should be addressed to the Vertebrates: Editor, Australian Museum, P.O. Box A285, Sydney A.E . Greer South, N.S.W. 2000, Australia. Manuscripts should preferably be on 51;4 inch diskettes in DOS format and ©Copyright Australian Museum, 1988 should include an original and two copies. No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission of the Editor. Technical Reports are not available through subscription. New issues will be announced in the Produced by the Australian Museum Records. Orders should be addressed to the Assistant 15 September 1988 Editor (Community Relations), Australian Museum, $16.00 bought at the Australian Museum P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Anaphyllopsis: a New Neotropical Genus of Araceae-Lasieae
    A. Hay, 1988 25 Anaphyllopsis: A New Neotropical Genus of Araceae-Lasieae Alistair Hay Department of Plant Sciences South Parks Road Oxford England During the course of revising the spe­ phyllous (under normal conditions of cies of Cyrtosperma in the Far East, it growth) in C. americanum, whereas in became necessary to review generic limits Dracontioides it is rhizomatous and pol­ in the tribe Lasieae sensu Engler ( 1911 ) as phyllous, and in Dracontium it is cormous amended by Bogner ( 1973 ). It has become and monophyllous. apparent that the pantropical Cyrtosperma It is proposed here that a new genus, circumscribed by Engler (loc. cit.) is Anaphyllopsis, be erected as an alternative heterogeneous. to "lumping" Dracontium, Dracontioides Three species of Cyrtosperma have and C. americanum. Were the latter been recognized for the New World. Two course to be adopted, the resulting broad of these belong in extant genera--C. generic concept of Dracontium would be wurdackii Bunting (Urospatba) and C. inconsistent with the existing rather nar­ spruceanum (Schott) Engler (Dra­ row limits between other genera of the contium). The necessary new combina­ Lasieae such as Podolasia, Urospatba, tions are to be made elsewhere, in a Lasia and Cyrtosperma s.s. forthcoming revision of Cyrtosperma. The Two new species of Anapbyllopsis are third species, C. americanum Engler, can­ described, both, sadly, from single frag­ not be fitted into any presently recognised mentary collections. Their leaf blades genus. however, are so distinctive as to justify drawing attention to these plants as repre­ Subtribal and generic limits in the sentatives of new and apparently rare Lasieae are also to be dealt with elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Trees and Other Plants 10
    Dt 17 U. P. President V. Sinco laying a wreath in front of the Collete Cenotaph on the Twentieth Forestry Day, November 30, 1959, in memory of those who died for the cause of Forestry. ' . ')··~ .. ,.-.·~ .. ·J I 1" .'. ""' ·II • 'f' ~ •• # Iii 1. FORESTRY PROPOSALS FOR THE PHILIPPINES Tom Gill 2. AN APPRAISAL OF FORESTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES Nicolas P. Lansigan 3. SELECTIVE LOGGING- NO LONGER A LIP SERVICE Amando M. Dalisay 4. POTENTIALITIES OF THE PHILIPPINE LUMBER INDUSTRY Antonio de las Alas 5. A NEW PERSPECTIVE IN STUDENT AFFAIRS Arturo M. Guerrero 6. KNOW YOUR CIVIL SERVICE OPINIONS AND RULINGS Teofilo A. Santos 7. ONE WAY TO PREVENT "KAINGIN" fN PUBLIC FORESTS Francisco A bi jay 8. WANTED: FORESTERS Eugenio dela Cruz 9. OFFICIAL COMMON NAMES OF TREES AND OTHER PLANTS 10. Students Section 11. Forestry in the News 12. FPRI Highlights 13. Campus Notes 14. From the Mailbag 15. Sunshine Corner 16. Editorials 17. Pictorials Forestry PropfJSals for the Philippines By TOM GILL General Situation the Philippines, literally thousands of small The forest problem of the Philippines clearings are hacked out annually and burr.­ centers about the rapid rate of forest des­ ed to create temporary farms which pock­ truction. Each year the pace of devasta­ mark both virgin forests and logged-over tion mounts. Each year the forests decline. areas. On some islands, forest denudation Already over wide areas they have been has progressed to the point where nothing wholly annihilated. The great bulk of this remains but snags and abandoned land that denudation is not primarily the result of is being taken ov~r by cogon grass or, even logging, for logging, when properly con­ worse, is being eaten away by erosion, ducted, is simply the harvesting of matm.·e The great area of abandoned _land is proof timber.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Report Tuvalu
    Sustainable Integrated Water Resources and Wastewater Management in Pacific Island Countries National Integrated Water Resource Management Diagnostic Report Tuvalu Published Date: November 2007 Draft SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 647 ACRONYMS AusAID Australian Agency for International Development EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FFA Foreign Fisheries Agency GEF Global Environment Facility HYCOS Hydrological Cycle Observing System GPA Global Programme of Action for the Protection of Marine Environment form Land Based Activities IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management IWP International Waters Programme JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency MPWE Ministry of Public Works and Energy MNRLE Ministry of Natural Resources, Lands and Environment FCA Funafuti Conservation Area FD Fisheries Department MDG Millennium Development Goals MPA Marine Protected Areas NAFICOT National Fishing Corporation of Tuvalu NTF National Task Force NEMS National Environment Management Strategy NZAID New Zealand Overseas Development Assistance PIC Pacific Island Countries PWD Public Works Division SAP Strategic Action Programme SOPAC Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission SPREP South Pacific Regional Environment Programme TANGO Tuvalu Association for Non-Government Organisation UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization WSSD World Summit for Sustainable Development Sustainable Integrated
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritious Leafy Vegetables to Improve Nutrition Security on Pacific Atolls
    FACTSHEET NUTRITIOUS NO: LEAFY VEGETABLES FOR ATOLLS 01 Tackling NCDs from the ground up: Nutritious leafy vegetables to improve nutrition security on Pacific atolls Introduction Epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Since the 1940s the consumption of high-energy, low-nutrient foods, including white flour, sugar, polished rice, turkey tails and mutton rib flaps by Pacific Islanders and indigenous Australians, combined with reduced exercise, has resulted in alarming rates of obesity, heart disease, diabetes and certain cancers. Indeed, around 70% of deaths in Pacific Island countries (PICs) are due to NCDs. Apart from the tragic personal cost, premature death and disability undermines national economic productivity. These conditions were not present when traditional diets and lifestyles predominated. In addition, many PICs are affected by the “double burden” of NCDs and undernutrition; for example, high rates of iron deficiency anaemia in PNG, Fiji, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. This project, funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and titled Improving soil health, agricultural productivity and food security on atolls (ACIAR SMCN2014/089) builds on the project Feasibility study on increasing the consumption of nutritionally-rich leafy vegetables by indigenous communities in Samoa, Solomon Islands and Northern Australia (ACIAR PC/2010/063): www.aciar.gov.au/publication/fr2014-15 The project included a GxE study in which single leafy vegetable species were sampled across different sites/different soils and multiple species growing at the same site were sampled, then analysed for mineral nutrients and carotenoids, including beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A). This approach enabled partitioning of the effects of environment (mostly soil type) and genetics (plant species).
    [Show full text]