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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler’s Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 77-10,530 FOWLKES, Dolores Marie, 1937- THE PROVISION OF MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS AND SERVICES IN PUBLIC RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC DAY SCHOOL PROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976 Education, special Xerox University Microfilms,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 (c) Copyright by Dolores Marie Fowlkes 1976 THE PROVISION OF MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS AND SERVICES IN PUBLIC RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC DAY SCHOOL PROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State Uni.versity By Dolores Marie Fowlkes, B.A., M.A. ****** The Ohio State University 1976 Reading Committee Approved By John 0. Cooper, Chairman James L. Collins Vance Cotter W. Frederick Staub fj Adviser B Faculty for Exceptional Children ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express sincere appreciation to my adviser and friend, Dr. James L. Collins, for his patience, guidance, and valuable recommendations during the writing of this dissertation. Appreciation is also extended to the other members of my doctoral program committee, Drs. John 0. Cooper, W. Fredrick Staub, and Vance Cotter for their counsel. I also wish to thank Drs. Keith Brooks and W. Bruce Walsh for serving as Graduate School repre­ sentatives during my oral examinations. Special thanks to the following persons: Dr. Leonora Hamlin and Mrs. Harriette Richardson for inspiring me to begin this endeavor; Dr. Susan Rose for her friendship and encouragement; Dr. James E. Norman and his wife Norma Jean for sharing this experience with me; Mrs. Birta Fowlkes Allen, Ms. Rosemary L. Fowlkes, Mr. Willie H. Fowlkes II, my sisters and brother, for their confidence, devotion and constant support; And finally, my beloved parents, Mr. Willie H. Fowlkes Sr. and Mrs. Dorothy Wright Fowlkes for EVERYTHING. VITA May 14, 1937............... Born, Muncie, Indiana 1955-1959...................B.A. , Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 1959-1962.................. Speech and Hearing Therapist, Elgin Public School System, Elgin, Illinois 1962-196 3...................M.A. , Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 1963-196 7...................Teacher, Indiana School for the Deaf, Indianapolis, Indiana 1967-1971...................Supervisor for the Deaf, Indiana Department of Public Instruction, Division of Special Education, Indianapolis, Indiana. 1971-1974...................Consultant, Title I, 89-313 Programs, Michigan Department of Education, Special Educa­ tion Service, Lansing, Michigan 1974-1976...................Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio iii PUBLICATION Operation Springboard: Preschool Programs and Services for the Hearing Impaired in Indiana, Hoosier Schoolmaster, Indiana Department of Public Instruction, iy6 8 . FIELDS OF STUDY MAJOR FIELD: EDUCATION OF THE HEARING IMPAIRED Studies in the Hearing Impaired. Professor James L. Collins Studies in Learning and Behavioral Disorders. Professor John 0. Cooper Studies in Educational Administration and Supervision. Professor W. Frederick Staub iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................. ii VITA............................................. iii LIST OF TABLES............. vii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION............... 1 Background............................. 1 Statement of the Problem................ 3 Objectives of the Study................. 4 Definition of Terms..........................5 II. REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE............. 6 The Early History of the Education of the Deaf............................... 6 Present Issues Regarding the Education of the Deaf............................ 24 Parents of the Deaf Child............. 24 The Deaf Person and Deafness.......... 30 Educational Programs for the Deaf. ... 33 The Multiply Handicapped Deaf......... 39 Mental Health Programs and Services... 43 New York State Psychiatric Institute's Mental Health Program for the Deaf. 47 Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Institute of Michael Reese Hospital's Mental Health Program for the Deaf........... 55 III. RESEARCH METHOD.......................... 59 Restatement of the Problem.............. 59 Sample..................... 59 Method of Data Collection............... 60 Data Analysis.......................... 60 v Chapter Page IV. RESULTS................................. 63 General Background................... 63 Respondents to the Questionnaire..... 63 Responses to the Questionnaire by Item. .. 66 V. SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS. .. 122 APPENDICES..........................................133 A. MAILING LIST............................. 134 B. LETTER TO ADMINISTRATORS................. 167 C. THE QUESTIONNAIRE........................ 169 BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................... 178 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Reasons for Omitting Programs from the Study................................. 64 2 Staff Position Titles of Questionnaire Respondents............................... 65 3 Do You Routinely Admit Multiply Handicapped Hearing Impaired Children to Your Program?.. 66 4. If Yes, Do You Admit Deaf Children with Behavior Disorders (Emotionally Disturbed)?. 68 5 If No to #1 and #2, Please Explain......... 69 6 Does Your School Have A Specific Student Exclusion Policy?......................... 71 7 Criteria for Admission to Programs for the Hearing Impaired.......................... 72 8 Do You Consider It Necessary to Have Separ­ ate Living and/or Educational Facilities for Deaf Children with Emotional Disorders?................................ 73 9 If A Child with Behavior Disorders Is Excluded from Your Program, Is Another Referral Placement Obtained for Him?....... 76 . 10 If Children Are Referred to An Outside Agency, Do You Feel That the Personnel Providing the Mental Health Services Are Familiar with the Problems Associated with Deafness?............ 77 11 Does Your School Provide Any Kind of In- service Program About the Problems of Deafness to the Agency Personnel with Whom You Contract for Services?............ 79 . 12 Does Your School Employ Deaf Persons?. .. 81 vii Table Page 13 Positions Held by Deaf Persons in Public Residential and Public Day Programs........ 82 14 Who Consults with Teachers Regarding Severe Behavior Problems of Students?............. 83 15 What Types of Problems Are Most Often Referred?............................. 84 16 The Most Often Referred Types of Behavior Problems.................................. 86 17 Do You Have a Full or Part time Psychiatrist Available to Your School for Consultation?.. 87 18 Is There a Hospital or Mental Health Facil­ ity in Your Geographic Location That Will Accept Your Severely Emotionally Dis­ turbed Students?.......................... 89 19 Referral and Placement Procedures.......... 90 20 Does Your School Provide Inservice Educa­ tion to Parents Regarding the Problems of Deafness?................................. 91 21 Are the Parents Actively Involved in Some Part of the Educational Programming of Their Children?........................... 93 22 How Many of Your Teachers, Who Work with the Emotionally Disturbed Children, Have Special Training in Addition to Certifi­ cation in the Area of the Hearing Im- paried?................................... 95 23 Is the Teacher Provided with a Teacher's Aide?..................................... 96 24 What Is the Most Workable Class Ratio for This Type Class?...................... 97 25 How Are Teachers Assigned