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Seismic Reflection Methods in Offshore Groundwater Research
geosciences Review Seismic Reflection Methods in Offshore Groundwater Research Claudia Bertoni 1,*, Johanna Lofi 2, Aaron Micallef 3,4 and Henning Moe 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK 2 Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; johanna.lofi@gm.univ-montp2.fr 3 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, GEOMAR, 24148 Kiel, Germany; [email protected] 4 Marine Geology & Seafloor Surveying, Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta 5 CDM Smith Ireland Ltd., D02 WK10 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 April 2020; Accepted: 26 July 2020; Published: 5 August 2020 Abstract: There is growing evidence that passive margin sediments in offshore settings host large volumes of fresh and brackish water of meteoric origin in submarine sub-surface reservoirs. Marine geophysical methods, in particular seismic reflection data, can help characterize offshore hydrogeological systems and yet the existing global database of industrial basin wide surveys remains untapped in this context. In this paper we highlight the importance of these data in groundwater exploration, by reviewing existing studies that apply physical stratigraphy and morpho-structural interpretation techniques to provide important information on—reservoir (aquifer) properties and architecture, permeability barriers, paleo-continental environments, sea-level changes and shift of coastal facies through time and conduits for water flow. We then evaluate the scientific and applied relevance of such methodology within a holistic workflow for offshore groundwater research. Keywords: submarine groundwater; continental margins; offshore water resources; seismic reflection 1. -
Start Time End Time Speaker Company Talk Title 09:00 09:30 Registration
Start End Speaker Company Talk Title time time 09:00 09:30 Registration Michael 09:30 09:40 LPS Welcome & Introduction O'Keefe Kevin Independent 1 09:40 10:15 What is Advanced Formation Evaluation? Corrigan Consultant Rockflow Shaly sand evaluation in the total & effective 2 10:15 10:45 Roddy Irwin Resources LTD porosity systems: Know the difference! 10:45 11:15 Break 3 11:15 11:45 Iain Whyte Tullow Oil Resistivity in thin beds…some case studies Michel A review of low-resistivity & low-resistivity 4 11:45 12:15 Schlumberger Claverie contrast pay with focus on Africa Baker Using fractals to determine a reservoir's 5 12:15 12:45 Steve Cuddy Hughes/SPE hydrocarbon distribution 12:45 13:45 Lunch Joint Interpretation of Magnetic Resonance - and Geoff Page & Baker Hughes 6 13:45 14:30 Resistivity-based fluid volumetrics: A framework Holger Thern / SPWLA for petrophysical evaluation Richard Retired 7 14:30 15:00 The problem of the high permeability streak Dawe Consultant 15:00 15:30 Break Leicester Shale gas petrophysics; key parameters, 8 15:30 16:00 Mike Lovell University assumptions, and uncertainties Improved cased-hole formation evaluation: the Chiara 9 16:00 16:30 Schlumberger value of new fast neutron cross-section Cavelleri measurements & high definition spectroscopy Independent Getting More from Less - Using legacy data and 10 16:30 17:00 TBA Consultant sparse data sets Michael 17:00 17:10 LPS Closing Comments O'Keefe 17:10 onwards Refreshments Important notice: The statements and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official action or opinion of the London Petrophysical Society (LPS). -
Technical Barriers and R&D Opportunities for Offshore, Sub-Seabed Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide
Technical Barriers and R&D Opportunities for Offshore, Sub-Seabed Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide Report Prepared for the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) Technical Group By the Offshore Storage Technologies Task Force September 14, 2015 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by participants in the Offshore Storage Task Force: Mark Ackiewicz (United States, Chair); Katherine Romanak, Susan Hovorka, Ramon Trevino, Rebecca Smyth, Tip Meckel (all from the University of Texas at Austin, United States); Chris Consoli (Global CCS Institute, Australia); Di Zhou (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China); Tim Dixon, James Craig (IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme); Ryozo Tanaka, Ziqui Xue, Jun Kita (all from RITE, Japan); Henk Pagnier, Maurice Hanegraaf, Philippe Steeghs, Filip Neele, Jens Wollenweber (all from TNO, Netherlands); Philip Ringrose, Gelein Koeijer, Anne-Kari Furre, Frode Uriansrud (all from Statoil, Norway); Mona Molnvik, Sigurd Lovseth (both from SINTEF, Norway); Rolf Pedersen (University of Bergen, Norway); Pål Helge Nøkleby (Aker Solutions, Norway) Brian Allison (DECC, United Kingdom), Jonathan Pearce, Michelle, Bentham (both from the British Geological Survey, United Kingdom), Jeremy Blackford (Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom). Each individual and their respective country has provided the necessary resources to enable the development of this work. The task force members would like to thank John Huston of Leonardo Technologies, Inc. (United States), for coordinating and managing the information contained in the report. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides an overview of the current technology status, technical barriers, and research and development (R&D) opportunities associated with offshore, sub-seabed geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). -
Real Time Petrophysical Data Analysis for Well Completions
Real Time Petrophysical Data Analysis for Well Completions Installed in Oil Fields in the Amazon Basin in Ecuador Ivan Vela, Oscar Morales and Fabricio Sierra, Petroamazonas, Ecuador, and Francisco Porturas, Halliburton, Brasil. Copyright 2013, SBGf - S ociedade Brasileira de Geofísica its interpretation is a unique source of information of rock and fluid properties for a final calibration of predicted This paper was prepared f or presentati on during the 13th I nternational Congress of the Brazilian G eophysical S ociet y held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, A ugust 26-29, 2013. m odels , base cas es as an aid to install an efficient completion hardware. Contents of this paper were reviewed by the T echnic al Committee of the 13th International Congress of the Brazilian G eophysical Soci et y and do not nec essaril y represent any position of the SBG f, its officers or members. Electronic reproduction or Depending on the well geometry, wells are com pleted storage of any part of this paper f or commercial purpos es without the written consent of the Brazilian G eophysical Soci et y is pr ohibit ed. with a variety of completion equipment, from conventional ____________________________________________________________________________ slotted liners, to standalone screens (SAS) and only Abstract recently with ICDs and Autonomous Inflow Control Devices (AICDs) and or Interval Control Valves (ICVs), Petrophysical interpretation of Logging While Drilling usually incorporating some level of compartmentalization (LWD) data, acquired real time or later downloaded and zonal isolation with swellable packers. from memory data, is applied to estimate valuable reservoir rock and fluid properties. -
6. the BOREHOLE ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Overburden
Petrophysics MSc Course Notes The Borehole Environment 6. THE BOREHOLE ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Introduction Wireline logging has a single clearly defined purpose: to give accurate and representative data on the physical properties of the rock formations and fluids encountered in a borehole. The tools used to take these readings have to cope with extremely tough conditions downhole, particularly, high temperatures and pressures, inhospitable chemical conditions and the physical constraints imposed by the physics of the measurements and the borehole geometry. It should also be remembered that we are interested in the properties of the rocks in undisturbed conditions, and the act of drilling the borehole is the single most disturbing thing that we can do to a formation. 6.2 Overburden Pressures The formations in the sub-surface are at raised pressure, and are occupied by fluids which are also at high pressure. The pressure that a rock is subjected to at a given depth is determined by the weight of the rock above it, and hence the density of that rock. This is called the overburden pressure or sometimes the lithostatic pressure (note that, to a first approximation, the overburden pressure is the same in all directions (isotropic)). We can write an equation to describe the overburden pressure (6.1) Pover = rrock g h where, Pover = the overburden pressure at depth h rrock = the mean rock density above the depth in question g = the acceleration due to gravity h = the depth to the measurement point. Clearly the rock above a given depth will have a varied lithology and porosity and hence a varying density. -
Technical Report 08-05 Skb-Tr-98-05
SE9900011 TECHNICAL REPORT 08-05 SKB-TR-98-05 The Very Deep Hole Concept - Geoscientific appraisal of conditions at great depth C Juhlin1, T Wallroth2, J Smellie3, T Eliasson4, C Ljunggren5, B Leijon3, J Beswick6 1 Christopher Juhlin Consulting 2 Bergab Consulting Geologists 3 ConterraAB 4 Geological Survey of Sweden 5 Vattenfall Hydropower AB 6 EDECO Petroleum Services Ltd June 1998 30- 07 SVENSK KARNBRANSLEHANTERING AB SWEDISH NUCLEAR FUEL AND WASTE MANAGEMENT CO P.O.BOX 5864 S-102 40 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN PHONE +46 8 459 84 00 FAX+46 8 661 57 19 THE VERY DEEP HOLE CONCEPT • GEOSCIENTIFIC APPRAISAL OF CONDITIONS AT GREAT DEPTH CJuhlin1, T Wai froth2, J Smeflie3, TEIiasson4, C Ljunggren5, B Leijon3, J Beswick6 1 Christopher Juhlin Consulting 2 Bergab Consulting Geologists 3 Conterra AB 4 Geological Survey of Sweden 5 Vattenfall Hydropower AB 6 EDECO Petroleum Services Ltd. June 1998 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports froml 977-1978 (TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR 81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32), 1989 (TR 89-40), 1990 (TR 90-46), 1991 (TR 91-64), 1992 (TR 92-46), 1993 (TR 93-34), 1994 (TR 94-33), 1995 (TR 95-37) and 1996 (TR 96-25) is available through SKB. -
Geo V18i2 with Covers in Place.Indd
VOL. 18, NO. 2 – 2021 GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED GEO EDUCATION Geoscientists for the Energy Transition INDUSTRY ISSUES Gas Flaring EXPLORATION Alaska Anxiously Awaits its Fate GEOPHYSICS Nimble Nodes ENERGY TRANSITION Increasing Energy While Decreasing Carbon geoexpro.com GEOExPro May 2021 1 Previous issues: www.geoexpro.com Contents Vol. 18 No. 2 This issue of GEO ExPro focuses on North GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED America; New Technologies and the Future for Geoscientists. 30 West Texas! Land of longhorn cattle, 5 Editorial mesquite, and fiercely independent ranchers. It also happens to be the 6 Regional Update: The Third Growth location of an out-of-the-way desert gem, Big Bend National Park. Gary Prost Phase of the Haynesville Play takes us on a road trip and describes the 8 Licencing Update: PETRONAS geology of this beautiful area. Launches Malaysia Bid Round, 2021 48 10 A Minute to Read The effects of contourite systems on deep water 14 Cover Story: Gas Flaring sediments can be subtle or even cryptic. However, in recent years 20 Seismic Foldout: The Greater Orphan some significant discoveries and Basin the availability of high-quality regional scale seismic data, 26 Energy Transition: Critical Minerals has drawn attention to the from Petroleum Fields frequent presence of contourite dominated bedforms. 30 GEO Tourism: Big Bend Country 34 Energy Transition Update: Increasing Energy While Decreasing Carbon 36 Hot Spot: North America 52 Seismic node systems developed in the past 38 GEO Education: Geoscientists for the decade were not sufficiently compact to efficiently Energy Transition acquire dense seismic in any environment. To answer this challenge, BP, in collaboration 42 Seismic Foldout: Ultra-Long Offsets with Rosneft and Schlumberger, developed a new nimble node system, now being developed Signal a Bright Future for OBN commercially by STRYDE. -
Well Logging
University of Kirkuk / Faculty of Science / Applied geology department rd 3 year 2020 WELL LOGGING Dr. Radhwan Khaleel Hayder INTRODUCTION: -What is a “Log” and ‘’Well Logging’’. LOG OR WELL LOGGING (THE BOREHOLE IMAGE): - Data are organized and interpreted by depth and represented on a graph called a log (a record of information about the formations through which a well has been drilled). - Visual inspection of samples brought to the surface (geological logs). Example cuttings and corres. - Study of the physical properties of rocks and the fluids through which the bore hole is drilled. - Traditionally logs are display on girded papers. Now a days the log may be taken as films, images and in digital format. - Some types of well logs can be done during any phase of a well's history: drilling, completing, producing or abandoning. -Well logging is performed in boreholes drilled for the oil and gas, groundwater, mineral, environmental and geotechnical studies. -The first electrical resistivity well log was taken in France, in 1927. THE IMPORTANCE OF WELL LOGGING: 1-Determination of lithology. 2-Determination of reservoir characteristics (e.g. porosity, saturation, permeability). 3-Determination formation dip and hole size. 4-Identification of productive zones, to determine depth and thickness of zones. 5-Distinguish between oil, gas, or water in a reservoir, and to estimate hydrocarbon reserves. 6-Geologic maps developed from log interpretation help with determining facies relationships and drilling locations. 1 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF WELL LOGGING: Advantages: 1- Continuous measurements. 2- Easy and quick to work with. 3- Short time acquisition. 4- Economical. Limitations: 1- Indirect measurements. -
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Drilling Solutions Version 6 Table of contents Overview 2 Integrated Solutions 6 Integrated Borehole Strengthening Solutions (I-BOSS) 6 OPTI-STRESS 8 Drilling Fluid Simulation Software 9 OPTIBRIDGE 9 PRESS PRO RT 10 VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS 12 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products 13 Water-Base Systems DRILPLEX 13 DRILPLEX AR PLUS 14 DURATHERM 15 ENVIROTHERM NT 16 GLYDRIL 18 K-MAG 19 KLA-SHIELD 20 POLY-PLUS 21 ULTRADRIL 22 Oil-base Systems ECOGREEN 24 ENVIROVERT 25 MEGADRIL 26 RHADIANT 27 RHELIANT 28 VERSACLEAN/VERSADRIL 29 Synthetic-Base Systems PARALAND 30 PARATHERM/VERSATHERM 31 Non-Aqueous Systems WARP Advanced Fluids Technology 32 Drilling Fluid Products 34 Product Summaries 34 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 1 Overview The M-I SWACO solutions mindset permeates our company and positively influences the problem-solving orientation we have toward our clients, the solutions we deliver, our new-technology advancement, people development within our company and our future strategies. Starting with the basic building blocks of Before people work for M-I SWACO, training for the job at hand, M-I SWACO instructors quickly bring new specialists a Schlumberger company, we screen up to speed in the disciplines required for them to deliver maximum value them not only for current skills from our products and services. M-I SWACO ensures customers around and experience, but also for their the world get the highest level of service by standardizing training courses to willingness to learn new things, solve meet the universal expectations of all operators. Where locale dictates problems and help others. Once they certain specialized practices, M-I SWACO trainers prepare field join the M-I SWACO organization, personnel for those details as well. -
Characterisation and Management of Drilling Fluids and Cuttings in the Petroleum Industry
Information sheet Environmental Protection Act 1994 Characterisation and management of drilling fluids and cuttings in the petroleum industry 1 Introduction This information sheet describes the process for petroleum and gas operators to: assess and characterise waste drilling fluids and cuttings (which for this information sheet also includes rock materials, solids and fines); and develop ways to manage wastes produced from drilling activities that address environmental risks and are consistent with the requirements of Queensland's environmental legislation. There are various drilling fluid systems used in the petroleum industry including freshwater, saltwater, oil, synthetic-based and pneumatic (e.g. air, foam) fluid systems (West et al., 2006). The term 'mud' is frequently used interchangeably with the term 'fluid'. The term 'mud' is used because of the thick consistency of the fluid system (Caenn, 2011). In general, drilling fluids in the petroleum industry are used to aid tools during the drilling of wells. The main functions of drilling fluids are: carrying cuttings from the hole cooling and cleaning the drill bit reducing friction maintaining the stability of the bore maintaining down-hole hydrostatic pressure to be non-damaging to the formation. Drilling fluids contain a variety of specialty chemicals (called ‘additives’) each having a different purpose. For example: killing bacteria and adjusting pH (West et al., 2006) controlling viscosity, reducing fluid loss to the formation and inhibiting equipment corrosion (Ghazia, 2011). The additives in drilling fluids are adjusted according to the physicochemical conditions of geological formations which invariably change with depth (Ghazia, 2011). In addition, drilling fluids are to be non-hazardous to the environment and personnel. -
A Review of Recent Research on Contamination of Oil Well Cement with Oil-Based Drilling Fluid and the Need of New and Accurate Correlations
chemengineering Review A Review of Recent Research on Contamination of Oil Well Cement with Oil-based Drilling Fluid and the Need of New and Accurate Correlations Nachiket Arbad and Catalin Teodoriu * Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 February 2020; Accepted: 11 April 2020; Published: 14 April 2020 Abstract: Drilling fluids and oil well cement are important well barriers. Their compatibility affects the long-term integrity of the well. The mixing of drilling fluid with the oil well cement causes contamination of oil well cement. If the contamination is due to diesel/oil-based drilling fluid (OBF) it adversely affects the rheological and mechanical properties of oil well cement—in other words, the long-term integrity of the well. An initial study on OBF contamination of oil well cement was carried out two decades ago. In recent years, several research projects were carried out on the same topic to understand the reason for changes in the properties of oil well cement with OBF contamination. This literature review shows that using OBF eliminates several drilling problems, as the long-term integrity of the well depends on the amount of OBF contamination in the cement slurry. This paper compares the experiments performed, results and conclusions drawn from selected research studies on OBF contamination of oil well cement. Their shortcomings and a way forward are discussed in detail. A critical review of these research studies highlights the need for new and accurate correlations for OBF-contaminated oil well cement to predict the long-term integrity of wells. -
Wireline Logging
Petrophysics MSc Course Notes Wireline Logging 5. WIRELINE LOGGING 5.1 What is a Wireline Log A log is a continuous recording of a geophysical parameter along a borehole. GAMMA RAY (GR) Wireline logging is a conventional form of logging that employs a measurement tool 0 API UNITS 100 suspended on a cable or wire that suspends the tool and carries the data back to the 620 surface. These logs are taken between drilling episodes and at the end of drilling. Recent developments also allow some measurements to be made during drilling. The tools required to make these measurements are attached to the drill string behind the bit, and do not use a wire relying 630 instead on low band-width radio communication of data through the conductive drilling mud. Such data is called MWD (measurement while drilling) for simple drilling data, and LWD (logging while drilling) for measurements analogous 640 to conventional wireline measurements. MWD and LWD will not be covered by this course, although the logs that are produced in this way have very similar characteristics, even though they have been obtained in a completely different way. 650 Figure 5.1 shows a typical wireline log. In this case it is a log that represents the natural gamma radioactivity of a formation. Note that depth is arranged vertically in feet or metres, and the header contains the name of the log curve and the range. This example shows a single track of data. Note also that 660 no data symbols are shown on the curve. Symbols are retained to represent discrete core data by convention, while continuous measurements, such as logs, are represented by smooth curves.