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Pelagodoxa Henryana (Arecaceae): a Supplement of Additional Photographs and Figures to the 2019 Article in the Journal PALMS
PALMARBOR Hodel et al.: Pelagodoxa supplement 2019-1: 1-24 Pelagodoxa henryana (Arecaceae): A Supplement of Additional Photographs and Figures to the 2019 Article in the Journal PALMS DONALD R. HODEL, JEAN-FRANCOIS BUTAUD, CRAIG E. BARRETT, MICHAEL H. GRAYUM, JAMES KOMEN, DAVID H. LORENCE, JEFF MARCUS, AND ARIITEUIRA FALCHETTO With its large, initially undivided leaves; big, curious, warty fruits; monotypic nature; and mysterious, remote, island habitat, Pelagodoxa henryana has long fascinated palm botanists, collectors and growers, and been one of the holy grails of all who have an interest in palms. The possibility of a second species of Pelagodoxa has generated a substantial amount of interest but the recent literature on the subject has dismissed this prospect and accepted or recognized only one species. However, for 40 years the senior author has propagated and grown P. henryana nearly side by side with a second species of the genus, first in Hawaii, U.S.A and later at his wife’s home in Papeari, Tahiti, French Polynesia, allowing ample opportunity to compare and contrast the two species at various stages of development. An article we wrote reassessing the genus Pelagodoxa was published in the journal PALMS [Hodel et al., Reassessment of Pelagodoxa, PALMS 63(3): 113-146. 2019]. In it we document substantial and critical differences between the two species, P. henryana and P. mesocarpa, establish the validity and resurrect the name of the second species from synonymy, discuss molecular data, phylogeny and phytogeography, ethnobotany and conservation of Pelagodoxa and what impact, if any, they might have had in its speciation and insular distribution. -
Will Climate Change, Genetic and Demographic Variation Or Rat Predation Pose the Greatest Risk for Persistence of an Altitudinally Distributed Island Endemic?
Biology 2012, 1, 736-765; doi:10.3390/biology1030736 OPEN ACCESS biology ISSN 2079-7737 www.mdpi.com/journal/biology Article Will Climate Change, Genetic and Demographic Variation or Rat Predation Pose the Greatest Risk for Persistence of an Altitudinally Distributed Island Endemic? Catherine Laura Simmons 1, Tony D. Auld 2, Ian Hutton 3, William J. Baker 4 and Alison Shapcott 1,* 1 Faculty of Science Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW), P.O. Box 1967 Hurstville, NSW 2220, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 P.O. Box 157, Lord Howe Island, NSW 2898, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-7-5430-1211; Fax: +61-7-5430-2881. Received: 3 September 2012; in revised form: 29 October 2012 / Accepted: 16 November 2012 / Published: 23 November 2012 Abstract: Species endemic to mountains on oceanic islands are subject to a number of existing threats (in particular, invasive species) along with the impacts of a rapidly changing climate. The Lord Howe Island endemic palm Hedyscepe canterburyana is restricted to two mountains above 300 m altitude. Predation by the introduced Black Rat (Rattus rattus) is known to significantly reduce seedling recruitment. We examined the variation in Hedyscepe in terms of genetic variation, morphology, reproductive output and demographic structure, across an altitudinal gradient. -
Bio 308-Course Guide
COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit. -
TAXON:Rhopalostylis Baueri SCORE:-2.0 RATING:Low Risk
TAXON: Rhopalostylis baueri SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Rhopalostylis baueri Family: Arecaceae Common Name(s): Norfolk Island palm Synonym(s): Areca baueri Hook. f. ex Lem. Eora(basionym) baueri (H. Wendl. & Drude) O. F. RhopalostylisCook cheesemanii Becc. ex Cheeseman Assessor: No Assessor Status: Assessor Approved End Date: WRA Score: -2.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Subtropical Palm, Unarmed, Shade-tolerant, Thicket-forming, Bird-dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier -
Lepidorrhachis Mooreana (H
Palm Conservation – Palm Specialist Group Lepidorrhachis mooreana (H. Wendl. & Drude) O. F. Cook Status: Not Evaluated in IUCN Red List. Vulnerable according to Dowe in Johnson (1996). Preliminary evaluation based on IUCN 2001 criteria: Endangered (EN B1a,bv) Common name Little Mountain Palm. Natural range Lepidorrhachis mooreana is restricted to the summits of Mt. Gower (875 m) and Mt. Lidgbird (777 m) on the remote Lord Howe Island. It occurs only above 750 m in dwarf mossy forest that dominates the summit plateau of Mt. Gower and the narrow summit ridge of Mt. Lidgbird. This forest is home to numerous remarkable endemic species including the pumpkin tree (Negria rhabdothamnoides), an arborescent member of the Gesneriaceae, and Dracophyllum fitzgeraldii (Ericaceae). It is also the primary nesting locality of the providence petrel (Pterodroma solandri) and is a stronghold for the woodhen (Tricholimnas sylvestris), an endemic member of the rail family that was recently rescued from the brink of extinction. However, less that 0.5 km2 of Lord Howe’s total surface area of 12 km2 is found above 750 m. The total area of suitable habitat available to Lepidorrhachis is thus extremely limited. Recognition characteristics Lepidorrhachis is very easily distinguished from the two other endemic palm genera on Lord Howe Island, Howea and Hedyscepe. It is a short solitary palm with a stem that rarely exceeds 2 m in height. It has stiff, arching leaves with short, deeply split leaf sheaths that do not form a distinct crownshaft. The sheaths are also covered with buff indumentum. Its bushy inflorescences are born below the leaves and are unisexual, both male and female inflorescences occurring on the same plant. -
Rhopalostylis Sapida
Rhopalostylis sapida COMMON NAME Nikau palm SYNONYMS None FAMILY Arecaceae AUTHORITY Rhopalostylis sapida H.Wendl. et Drude FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Monocotyledons NVS CODE RHOSAP CHROMOSOME NUMBER Whareroa Farm, Paekakariki. Apr 2011. 2n = 32 Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | Not Threatened PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Not Threatened 2004 | Not Threatened BRIEF DESCRIPTION Palm to 15m tall with a ringed trunk and 3m long erect leaves inhabiting lowland forest south to Okarito and Banks Peninsula and the Chatham Islands. Leaves with multiple narrow leaflets to 1m long closely-spaced along central stem. Flowers pinkish, in multiple spikes at the top of trunk. Fruit red. DISTRIBUTION Endemic. North Island, South Island from Marlborough Sounds and Nelson south to Okarito in the west and Banks Peninsula in the east. Also on Chatham and Pitt Islands. However Chatham Islands plants have adistinct juveniel form, larger fruits, and thicker indumentum on the fronds. HABITAT Trunk of nikau. Photographer: Wayne Bennett Primarily a species of coastal to lowland forest in the warmer parts of New Zealand. FEATURES Trunk up to 15 m, stout, covered in grey-green leaf scars, otherwise green. Crownshaft 0.6(-1) m long, dark green, smooth, bulging. Fronds up to 3 m long; leaflets to 1 m, closely set (sometimes over lapping), ascending. Spathes c.300 x 150 mm., between pink and yellow, caducous. Inflorescence shortly stalked, with many branches, 200-400 mm long. Flowers sessile, unisexual, tightly packed, lilac to pink. Males in pairs, caducous, stamens 6. -
Early Inflorescence and Floral Development in Cocos Nucifera L. (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) ⁎ P.I.P
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010) 482–492 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Early inflorescence and floral development in Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) ⁎ P.I.P. Perera a,d, , V. Hocher b, L.K. Weerakoon a, D.M.D. Yakandawala c,d, S.C. Fernando a, J.-L. Verdeil e a Coconut Research Institute, Tissue Culture Division, 61150 Lunuwila, Sri Lanka b Institute for Research and Development (IRD), UMR 1098 BEPC, IRD, BP 64501-911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 1, France c Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka d Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka e CIRAD, TA40/02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Received 9 September 2009; received in revised form 17 March 2010; accepted 18 March 2010 Abstract Palms are generally characterized by a large structure with a massive crown that creates difficulties in anatomical studies. The flowering behaviour of palm species may be a useful indicator of phylogenetic relationships and therefore evolutionary events. This paper presents a detailed histological study of reproductive development in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), from initiation up to maturation of staminate and pistillate flowers. Reproductive development in coconut consists of a sequence of individual events that span more than two years. Floral morphogenesis is the longest event, taking about one year, while sex determination is a rapid process that occurs within one month. The inflorescence consists of different ultimate floral structural components. Pistillate flowers are borne in floral triads that are flanked by two functional staminate flowers. -
<I>Rhopalostylis Sapida</I>
MYCOTAXON Volume 111, pp. 155–160 January–March 2010 Two new dictyosporous hyphomycetes on Rhopalostylis sapida (Arecaceae) in New Zealand Eric H.C. McKenzie [email protected] Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Abstract—Dictyosporium hughesii sp. nov. and D. rhopalostylidis sp. nov., found on dead leaves of the palm, Rhopalostylis sapida in New Zealand are illustrated and described and compared with related taxa. Key words—anamorphic fungi, taxonomy Introduction The palm genusRhopalostylis contains two taxa: R. baueri (endemic to Norfolk Island and to Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands) and the world’s southern-most palm, R. sapida (endemic to mainland New Zealand). Palms are a favourable substrate for microfungi, and many species have been described from them (Taylor & Hyde 2003, McKenzie 2009). While examining dead leaf tissues of R. sapida, two new species of Dictyosporium were found. One of the new species (based on herbarium specimen PDD 20966) was previously recorded on R. sapida under the name D. elegans Corda (McKenzie et al. 2004). Several species of Dictyosporium have been recorded on palms in various parts of the world. Of the 22 species of Dictyosporium accepted by Goh et al. (1999), eight (D. alatum Emden, D. campaniforme Matsush., D. cocophylum Bat., D. digitatum J.L. Chen et al., D. elegans, D. heptasporum (Garov.) Damon, D. subramanianii B. Sutton, D. tetraseriale Goh et al.) were listed on palms. Materials and methods Portions of leaf sheath from dead, fallen fronds of nikau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida) were collected from the forest floor. The plant material was incubated under humid conditions and periodically examined for sporulating microfungi. -
The Island Rule and Its Application to Multiple Plant Traits
The island rule and its application to multiple plant traits Annemieke Lona Hedi Hendriks A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology and Biodiversity Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 2019 ii “The larger the island of knowledge, the longer the shoreline of wonder” Ralph W. Sockman. iii iv General Abstract Aim The Island Rule refers to a continuum of body size changes where large mainland species evolve to become smaller and small species evolve to become larger on islands. Previous work focuses almost solely on animals, with virtually no previous tests of its predictions on plants. I tested for (1) reduced floral size diversity on islands, a logical corollary of the island rule and (2) evidence of the Island Rule in plant stature, leaf size and petiole length. Location Small islands surrounding New Zealand; Antipodes, Auckland, Bounty, Campbell, Chatham, Kermadec, Lord Howe, Macquarie, Norfolk, Snares, Stewart and the Three Kings. Methods I compared the morphology of 65 island endemics and their closest ‘mainland’ relative. Species pairs were identified. Differences between archipelagos located at various latitudes were also assessed. Results Floral sizes were reduced on islands relative to the ‘mainland’, consistent with predictions of the Island Rule. Plant stature, leaf size and petiole length conformed to the Island Rule, with smaller plants increasing in size, and larger plants decreasing in size. Main conclusions Results indicate that the conceptual umbrella of the Island Rule can be expanded to plants, accelerating understanding of how plant traits evolve on isolated islands. -
Wendland's Palms
Wendland’s Palms Hermann Wendland (1825 – 1903) of Herrenhausen Gardens, Hannover: his contribution to the taxonomy and horticulture of the palms ( Arecaceae ) John Leslie Dowe Published by the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin as Englera 36 Serial publication of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin November 2019 Englera is an international monographic series published at irregular intervals by the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM), Freie Universität Berlin. The scope of Englera is original peer-reviewed material from the entire fields of plant, algal and fungal taxonomy and systematics, also covering related fields such as floristics, plant geography and history of botany, provided that it is monographic in approach and of considerable volume. Editor: Nicholas J. Turland Production Editor: Michael Rodewald Printing and bookbinding: Laserline Druckzentrum Berlin KG Englera online access: Previous volumes at least three years old are available through JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/journal/englera Englera homepage: https://www.bgbm.org/englera Submission of manuscripts: Before submitting a manuscript please contact Nicholas J. Turland, Editor of Englera, Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin- Luise-Str. 6 – 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Subscription: Verlagsauslieferung Soyka, Goerzallee 299, 14167 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: kontakt@ soyka-berlin.de; https://shop.soyka-berlin.de/bgbm-press Exchange: BGBM Press, Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6 – 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] © 2019 Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin All rights (including translations into other languages) reserved. -
Seed Geometry in the Arecaceae
horticulturae Review Seed Geometry in the Arecaceae Diego Gutiérrez del Pozo 1, José Javier Martín-Gómez 2 , Ángel Tocino 3 and Emilio Cervantes 2,* 1 Departamento de Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre (CYMVIS), Universidad Estatal Amazónica (UEA), Carretera Tena a Puyo Km. 44, Napo EC-150950, Ecuador; [email protected] 2 IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced 1–4, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-923219606 Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 7 October 2020 Abstract: Fruit and seed shape are important characteristics in taxonomy providing information on ecological, nutritional, and developmental aspects, but their application requires quantification. We propose a method for seed shape quantification based on the comparison of the bi-dimensional images of the seeds with geometric figures. J index is the percent of similarity of a seed image with a figure taken as a model. Models in shape quantification include geometrical figures (circle, ellipse, oval ::: ) and their derivatives, as well as other figures obtained as geometric representations of algebraic equations. The analysis is based on three sources: Published work, images available on the Internet, and seeds collected or stored in our collections. Some of the models here described are applied for the first time in seed morphology, like the superellipses, a group of bidimensional figures that represent well seed shape in species of the Calamoideae and Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud. -
Cunninghamia Date of Publication: April 2020 a Journal of Plant Ecology for Eastern Australia
Cunninghamia Date of Publication: April 2020 A journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia ISSN 0727- 9620 (print) • ISSN 2200 - 405X (Online) A Systematic Flora Survey, Floristic Classification and High-Resolution Vegetation Map of Lord Howe Island Paul Sheringham 1*, Peter Richards2, Phil Gilmour3, Jill Smith1 and Ernst Kemmerer 4 1 Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Locked Bag 914 COFFS HARBOUR NSW 2450 2 17 Coronation Avenue, SAWTELL NSW 2452 3 523 Roses Rd, GLENIFFER, NSW 2454 4 Cradle Coast NRM, PO Box 338, BURNIE TAS 7320 * Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The present study took advantage of the availability of high resolution ADS40 digital imagery to 1) systematically resample the vegetation of the Lord Howe Island Group (LHIG, excluding Ball’s Pyramid); 2) conduct a numerical analysis of the floristic data; 3) map vegetation extent and the distribution of vegetation communities and 4) compare the resultant classification and mapping with those of Pickard (1983). In July 2013, a total of 86 full floristic and 105 rapid floristic sites were sampled across the island, based on a stratified random sampling design. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering strategy (Flexible UPGMA) and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficient with default beta, along with nearest neighbour analysis to identify anomalous site allocations, was used to analyze the floristic data. In total 33 vegetation communities were delineated and mapped: 19 mapping units from the full floristic analysis; 7 variants identified within five of the above 19 groups; 3 mapping units from analysis of canopy- only floristic data; and 4 mapping units recognised in previous studies that are mapped but were not sampled in this survey.