TATALE SANGULI* Feed the Future District Profile Series - February 2017 - Issue 1

DISTRICT PROFILE CONTENT Tatale Sanguli is a district in Ghana’s . The total land area of the district is 1,090.4 Km Square. 1. Cover Page It shares boundaries with the Republic of Togo to the east, District to the south, and Chere- 2. USAID Project Data poni Districts to the north and Municipality to the 3-5. Agricultural Data west. The district has a total population of 66,288, out of 6. Health, Nutrition and Sanitation which 33,409 are females and 32,879 males. The aver- 7. USAID Presence age house-hold size in the district is 7.4 persons. The boxes below reveal the level of important development 8. Demographic and Weather Data indicators captured by the Population Based Survey in 9. Discussion Questions 2015.

Poverty Prevalence 20.5 % Daily per capita expenditure 4.35 USD Households with moderate or severe hunger 12.5% Household Size 7.4 members Poverty Depth 10.4% Total Population of the Poor 13,589

* Zabzugu is a district that was created by the split of Zabzugu Tatale in 2013. Therefore the data before 2013 refer to that bigger geographical location

1 USAID PROJECT DATA

This section contains data and information related to USAID sponsored interventions in Tatale**

Table 1: USAID Projects Info, Tatale, 2014-2016 Only 38 direct beneficiaries*** were

Beneficiaries Data 2014 2015 2016 reported in Tatale Sanguli in 2016. This is a Direct Beneficiaries 86 54 38 decrease from the figure reported in 2014, Male 71 47 35 in itself very low, because of the split of the Female 15 7 3 Undefined district into two. This is further accompa- Nucleus Farmers 0 - - nied by the lack of nucleus farmers and Male Female - - - demonstration plots. There were no Undefined agriculture loans distributed during Demoplots Male 2014-2016. Therefore, the presence Female score**** for USAID development work is Undefined Production 0 out of 4, (the small number of beneficia- Maize Gross Margin USD/ha n/a n/a n/a ries is disregarded because the value is very Maize Yield MT/ha n/a n/a n/a Rice Gross Margin USD/ha n/a n/a n/a low) which means that the interventions in Rice Yield MT/ha n/a n/a n/a Tatale Sanguli are almost non existent Soybean Gross Margin USD/ha n/a n/a n/a when compared to other districts. When Soybean Yield MT/ha n/a n/a n/a Investment and Impact the presence score is combined with Ag. Rural loans* - - progress/regress of impact indicators, the USAID Projects Presence 3 3 Beneficiaries Score 1 0 0 district is flagged WHITE***** indicating Presence Score 2014-2016 0 that the impact indicators values (poverty District Flag 2014-2016 White prevalence and per capita expenditure)

Source: USAID Project Reporting, 2014-2016 have worsened in an area with little inter- vention. Find more details on USAID Pres- ence v. Impact scoring on page 7.

The presence calculation includes the number of direct beneficiaries and Agricultural Rural Loans.

***“Direct Beneficiary, an individual who comes in direct contact with a set of interventions” FTF Handbook, 2016 , *number of direct beneficiaries reported in 2014 correspond to Zabzugu Tatale ****and*****See page 7 for more detail on presence score ranges and district flag ranges . **Value of poverty prevalence and Per Capita expenditures in 2012 corresponds to Zabzugu Tatale All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 2 AGRICULTURAL DATA

This section contains agricultural data for Tatale Sanguli* such as production by commodity, gross margins and yields.

Cassava and Yam are the main commodities produced in Figure 1: Share of Agricultural Production By Commodity In Tatale Sanguli, 2010-2015 Zabzugu Tatale, accounting for 82% of agricultural production during 2010-2015. Other commodities Cassava, 26% produced during this period include groundnut, maize, millet, rice and sorghum with each product contributing between 1 to 4 percent. For more details refer to Figure 1. In terms of agricultural production, Zabzugu Tatale accounted for 8% of total production in the Northern Cowpea, 0% Region in 2015. The District is ranked third in maize Groundnut, 4% Yam, 56% production, accounting for 8.4% of maize production in the Northern Region. It also recorded the highest Maize, 5% production of millet and sorghum in 2015. The average Millet, 4% gross margin calculations from USAID project reporting Rice, 1% Soybean, 0% (2015) for maize and rice are higher than the gross mar- Sorghum, 4% gins from the Agriculture Production Survey (K-State, Source: Agriculture Production Reports 2010- 2015, MOFA APS 2013) for the same commodities. Gross Margin by Commodity, USAID beneficareis and district average, 2013-2015,USD/ha Figure 3 contains yield values from three (3) sources: 450 382.28 400 USAID projects, MOFA and APS for the period 350 316.77 320.0 2013-2015 for three commodities: maize, rice and 300 250 soybean. Beneficiaries yields for maize and rice exceeded 200 150 100.8 the district averages reported by MOFA in 2015. Figure 100 50 4 below focuses on the sources of income in the district. 0 It shows that the majority of households in Tatale Sanguli Maize Rice Maize Rice 2015 2013 rely on the agricultural sector, particularly farming as USG Beneficiaries District General_APS 74.9 percent of household income comes from the sale of crops. Source: Agriculture Report 2013-2015, Agriculture Production Survey, K-State, 2013 Figure 4: Income Source in Tatale Sanguli, 2015, in % Figure 3: Yields of Maize, Rice and Soybean, beneficiaries and district gift 4.25 general, MT/ha, 2013-2015 2.5 2.23 2.3 rice parboiling 1 1.99 2 1.87 1.85 1.76 1.77 1.83 shea picking 1.27 1.49 1.54 1.5 1.41 remittance 5.27 1 0.79 petty trading 19.68 0.6 0.48 0.5 sale of livestock 5.75 0 Maize Soybean Rice Maize Soybean Rice Maize Soybean Rice sale of poultry 4.14 2015 2014 2013

USG Beneficiaries Others-APS Othe-rs-MoFA sale of crop produce 74.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Source: Agriculture Report 2013-2015, MOFA Production Data 2013-2015, Agriculture Pro-duction Survey, K-State, 2013 Source: Ring & Spring Survey, 2015 USAID METSS Project

*Values of agricultural production reported from MOFA and APS 2013 in all graphs correspond to the greater area of Zabzugu Tatale. Data from other sources refers to Tatale Sanguli All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 3 AGRICULTURAL DATA

This section contains agricultural data for Tatale Sanguli** including production by commodity (MT/ha), yields (MT/ha) and average land size.

Table 2: Agricultural Production and Yields by commodity, in MT and MT/ha, 2010-2015, Tatale Commodity 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Total Cassava 8 3,636 7 9,083 8 1,383 8 4,100 8 6,400 7 0,462 4 85,064 Cowpea 9 59 9 31 1 ,001 1 ,185 1 ,205 1 ,172 6 ,454 Groundnut 1 2,265 1 2,296 1 2,414 1 4,627 1 4,880 1 5,786 8 2,268 Maize 1 4,915 1 3,936 1 4,936 1 6,608 1 5,504 1 6,836 9 2,736 Millet 1 1,606 1 1,268 1 2,002 1 2,656 1 1,907 1 2,125 7 1,564 Rice 4 ,292 3 ,980 3 ,488 2 ,897 2 ,961 3 ,315 2 0,933 Sorghum 1 0,505 1 1,906 12,413 1 3,234 1 4,269 1 1,138 7 3,465 Soybean 1 ,148 1 ,095 1 ,080 1 ,248 1 ,164 9 80 6 ,714 Yam 2 13,400 2 07,083 2 07,131 1 65,734 1 46,681 1 25,718 1 ,065,746 Yields in MT/Ha 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Cassava 1 6.02 1 5.15 16.27 1 4.50 1 4.40 1 2.56 Cowpea 1 .53 1 .49 1 .53 1 .59 1 .65 1 .46 Groundnut 2 .41 2 .43 2 .29 2 .39 2 .40 2 .49 Maize 1 .99 1 .41 1 .49 1 .50 1 .52 1 .83 Millet 2.39 2 .32 2 .40 2 .47 2 .43 2 .50 Rice 1 .87 1 .77 1 .54 1 .56 1 .40 1 .70 Sorghum 1 .45 1 .65 1 .69 1 .70 1 .90 1 .82 Soybean 1 .85 1 .76 1 .83 1.92 1 .94 1 .75 Yam 1 8.08 1 8.30 1 9.05 1 5.50 1 5.34 1 3.36

Source: Agriculture Report 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, MOFA

Table 2 above provides detailed information on specific commodities in regard to overall production in Tatale as well as average yields for the years 2010-2015. The infographic below shows a summary of agricultural statistics for Tatale.

Infographic 2: Average Land size, Yields, Sales and other Farm indicators in Tatale, 2013 $ - $ 320.0 0.81 0.60 1% 65.3 168.3

$ - $ 0.32 0.79 5% 100.85 6.2 105.3

TOTAL $ - $ TOTAL 2.03 391.26 314.4 0.48 n/a 4.25 Average Land Size, ha Yield, MT/ha Sales, % Gross Margin*, USD/ha Variable Costs*, USD/farm Revenue in USD/farm

Source: Agriculture Production Survey, Kansas State University, 2013 *Gross margin, variable cost and farm revenue captured from the APS in infographic 2 have been converted to USD using 2012 exchange rates (1.88 GHC to $1 USD) to align with the ‘farmer recall’ survey methodology deployed. **Values of agriculture production reported from MOFA and APS 2013 in all graphs correspond to the greater area of Zabzugu Tatale.

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 4 AGRICULTURAL DATA

This section contains information on domains of empower- ment of the Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) for Tatale Sanguli

What is the Women Empowerment Tatale Sanguli WEAI Results in Agriculture Index? Women play a prominent role in agriculture. Yet they Both male and female respondents results on the four face persistent economic and social constraints. Wom- (4) domains are displayed in Figure 5. en’s empowerment is a main focus of Feed the Future in Production Domain: Women feel comfortable with order to achieve its objectives of inclusive agriculture providing input related to production decisions as sector growth and improved nutritional status. The indicated by 83.1% of the women of the survey sample. WEAI is comprised of two weighted sub-indexes: However, they have much less control over the use of Domains Empowerment Index (5DE) and Gender Parity household income than men - 48.6% of women versus Index (GPI). The 5DE index is a summation of the level 85.2% of male respondents. of achievement in ten indicators grouped into five Resource Domain: Majority of the women have the domains: production, resources, income, leadership and right to asset ownership and to purchase and move time. The GPI compares the empowerment of women to assets, 67.9% and 83% respectively; these figures are the empowerment of their male counterpart in the lower than the figures of the male respondents. Only household. This section presents the results from these 17% of women have the right to decide or have access to empowerment indicators of the 5DE for Tatale Sanguli, credit, followed by 18.2% of the male respondents. Nonetheless, access to credit is equally low for both part of a bigger survey conducted by Kansas State genders. University. Leadership Domain: 63.3% of women of the survey The Domains: What Do They Represent? sample have the right to group membership. The majori- The Production domain assesses the ability of individuals ty -77.3%-have the right to public speaking, as opposed to 91.1% of the male respondents. to provide input and autonomously make decisions about agricultural production. The Resources domain Time Domain: Only 60 percent of the women and reflects individuals’ control over and access to produc- 89.5 per-cent of men in Tatale Sanguli are satisfied with tive resources. The Income domain monitors individuals’ the workload in their everyday life. The percentages are ability to direct the financial resources derived from more leveled with respect to satisfaction with leisure time; 75.3% of the women vs 75% of the men inter- agricultural production or other sources. The Leadership viewed are happy with this aspect. domain reflects individuals’ social capital and comfort speaking in public within their community. The Time domain reflects individuals’ workload and satisfaction with leisure time. Adequacy & Figure 5: Tatale Results on Domains of Empowerment of WEAI 2015, Differences by gender, in % 120 Together men and women obtained an adequacy 96.8 95 100 93.4 91.1 89.5 83.1 85.2 83 score (80% and above) in all indicators except for 76.9 77.3 80 75.3 75 67.9 Access to and Decision on credit, group member- 63.3 60 60 ship and satisfaction with leisure time. In addition, 48.6

40 while men obtained adequacy in control over use

17 18.2 of household income and asset ownership, public 20 speaking and satisfaction with workload and leisure 0 Input in Control Over Asset Right to Access to and Group Public Satisfaction Satisfaction time, women did not. Production Use of Ownership Purchase Sell Decision on Membership Speaking with with Leisure Decision Household and Transfer Credit Workload Time The highest difference between male and female Income Assets respondents was observed with the production Production and Income Resources Domain Leadership Domain Time Domain Domain domain: the control over use of household income Women Men and in the resources domain: the right to asset ownership . Source: PBS 2015, Kansas State University

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 5 HEALTH, NUTRITION AND SANITATION

This section contains facts and figures related to Health, Nutrition and Sanitation in Tatale Sanguli

Infograph 3: Health and Nutrition Figures, Tatale Sanguli, 2015 Infograph 3 focuses on health and nutrition of women and children in the district. Percentages and absolute numbers are revealed in the Children respective circles for stunting, wasting in children as well as women Stunting, 35.2*, and children underweight, Women Dietary Diversity and some Only 36.7%* of 3,848 Children women reach other indicators. The Dietary diversity score of women in Tatale is Underweight minimum dieatary 21.1%*, 3.6, which means that women consume on average between 3 to 4 diversity, 5,716 2,307 types of foods out of 10. Only one third of the women (36.7%) reach the minimum dietary diversity of 5 food groups.

Wasting in Women Dietary Children, Diversity Score, Figure 6 displays specifics of household dwelling, evaluated based on 3.6** 12.7%*, 1,389 sources of water, energy, waste disposal, cooking fuel source, and the number of people per sleep room as measured from the PBS Survey 2015. As the figure shows, access to sanitation facilities is Women Exc. breasfed very low. Only 1.7 persons out of 10 have access to this type of Underweight, Children (0- 18.7%*, 2,913 facility. Access to improved water source is much better than many Intro of 5m), 19.1%** Complementary other districts. Feeding, Children 6-23m, 56.2%** Figure 7 and 8 provide details on the types of improved water source and sanitation used as measured by the Ring & Spring Survey Source: ** Values:PBS 2015, Kansas State University, in 2015. * Values: Ring & Spring Survey, 2015

Figure 7: Types of Improved Water Source, Tatale, 2015 piped water into piped water to Figure 6: Household Dwelling Characteristics, 2015 dwelling yard/plot 3.5% 5.8%

Access to Electricity 28% public tap/standpipe 17.1%

Access to Solid Fuel 100 %

tube well/borehole Persons Per Sleep Room 2 73.6%

Improved Sanitation 17.3%

Figure 8: Types of improved sanitation, Tatale, flush to Access to Improved Watersource 86.6 % 2015, in % flush to open septic tank or cesspit or open pit 2.5% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 drain 2.4% kvip unimproved pit 19.8% latrine, no slabs or non-cleanable Sources: Figure 6:from PBS 2015, Kansas State University, Figure 7,8 33.3% from Ring & Spring Survey, 2015,

pit latrine, with cleanable slabs 42.0%

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 6 PRESENCE VS. IMPACT MATRIX

This section provides an analysis of USAID presence vis-a-vis impact indicators in Tatale Sanguli*

Presence vs. Impact reveals in more detail the presence of the Feed the Future Implementing Partners in the field, in combi- nation with impact indicators measured by the Population Based Survey in 2012 and 2015: per capita expenditure & preva- lence of poverty. This combination aims to show the relevance of the USAID project’s presence on key indicators measuring progress/regress in the area. The following graphs are a print screen of the Presence vs. Impact Dashboard focusing on Tatale Sanguli. Both key impact indicators, ‘prevalence of poverty’ and ‘per capita expenditure’, have regressed, as observed in Figures 9 and 11. In 2015, poverty increased by 177 percentage points to 20.5% compared to the 2012 value. In addition, 2015 per capita expenditure has decreased by 15.7 percent to 4.35 USD. This means that the situation in the district has worsened since 2012. Tatale Sanguli’s’ population calculated to be living under the $1.25/day, per person poverty line is 13,589 persons. This development is accompanied by the lowest USAID presence, scored of 0 points out of 4. This combination signifies charac- teristics of a WHITE district, which is one that accounts for regress of impact indicators and low project presence on the ground. That said, the presence of otherdevelopment partners and GOG interventions have not been taken into account. Based on these results we believe that the district needs to be given a chance to show that it can absorb project interven- tions and technical assistance that comes with it. The area would really benefit from targeted interventions that most likely will result in an improvement in the impact indicators and economic situation in the district.

USAID District Presence Score Figure 9: Poverty in % and Poverty Change in percentage points, 2012,2015, Tatale Sanguli

200.0% 40.0% s 20.50% t NO USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE 7.40% i n 20.0% o p Poverty Change 160.0% e t n

0.0% a g t e n c r LOW USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE 2012 -2015 e e -20.0% c r

P 120.0%

177.0% e n P i -40.0% y i n t

r e

e 80.0% BELOW AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE g v -60.0% o TATALE SANGULI a n P h

-80.0% C

40.0% y t r

AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE -100.0% e v o

-120.0% 0.0% P ABOVE AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE Poverty/ 2012 Poverty/2015 Poverty Change 2012-2015

Figure 10: Population of Poor, Non - Poor Tatale Sanguli, 2015 HIGH USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE 70000

60000 r s e

b 50000 m u n 40000 52,699 i n

USAID District Presence Vs. Impact Flag n

i o 30000 t l a u

p 20000 o BELOW AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND P 10000 CONTRADICTING IMPACT INDICATORS 13,589 0 TATALE SANGULI

ABOVE AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND Population Poor 2015 Population of NonPoor 2015 CONTRADICTING IMPACT INDICATORS

BELOW AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND Figure 11: Per Capita Expenditure in 2012 and 2015, in USD/day; Per Capita Expenditure Change in percent, Tatale Sanguli

REGRESSING IMPACT INDICATORS t n e c r y 5.4 0% e a P d 5.16 USD -20% ABOVE AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND n 5.2 i D / Per Capita Exp. -40% e g U S IMPROVING IMPACT INDICATORS 5 Change n a n i

-60% -15.7% h s C e

r 4.8

-80% s u e t i BELOW AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND r d 4.6 -100% u t n i e d p 4.35 USD -120% n

IMPROVING IMPACT INDICATORS x 4.4 e E p x

a -140% t E i 4.2 a t

a p -160% ABOVE AVERAGE USAID DISTRICT PRESENCE AND i C

4 a p r -180% C e

P REGRESSING IMPACT INDICATORS r

3.8 -200% e TATALE SANGULI P PC Exp. 2012 PC Exp. 2015 PC/Change

Source: Figure 9,10,11 Population based Survey, 2012,2015, Kansas State University, METSS, USAID Project Reporting 2014,2015

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 7 DEMOGRAPHICS & WEATHER

This section contains facts and figures related to Tatale Sanguli demographics, religious affiliation, literacy and weather indicators Figure 12: Household Composition by groupage, 2015 Children 0 to 4 Tatale Sanguli has a total population of 66,288 persons, Adult Males 15% 20% out of which 33,409 are females and 32,879 males. The district has an average household size of 7.4 persons.

The district lies in the tropical continental climatic zone Adult Females 26% and experiences average annual precipitation relative to other districts in the Northern Region, see Figure 15. Note that, in 2010 the entire Northern Ghana experi- Children 5 to 17 enced significant rainfall and flooding. 39% Source: PBS 2015, Kansas State University In terms of religious affiliation, the majority of the popu- lation are Traditionalists (52.2%), followed by Christians

Figure 13: Religious Affiliation, Tatale Sanguli, (33.7%) and Islam (7.5%). The rest of the population 2010 comprising 6.2 percent are not affiliated to any religion Others Islam as show in Figure 13. 0.4% 7.5% The district has a young population as 54% of the house- Traditionalists Catholic 52.2% 15.0% hold members are aged between 0 and 17 years, as Figure 12 shows.

Protestants 3.4% Tatale Sanguli just as the rest of the districts in the Northern Region accounts for a very low level of adult No religion 6.2% educational attainment as shown in Figure 14. A vast majority of the adults, 87.3%, have received no education, Pentecostal/ while only 3% went through primary schools and only Other Christian Charismatic 3.9% 11.4% 9.7% of the sample through secondary school.

Source: Tatale District Analytical Report, GSS, 2014

Figure 15: Average Cumulated Precipitation in mm and Temperature in Celcius Figure 14: Adult Education Attainment in Tatale, 2015 Degree, Zabzugu*, 2008-2015

Secondary Level 2500 40

2,148.9 s Education, 9.70% m u

35 i m c l

n 2000 i

30 C e n

o e i t Primary Level e r a 25 t g i 1500 e

Education, 3.0% p i c D

20 e n r i

P 923.7

878.5 1000 e d

15 u t

e 688.4

648.3 a t 604.3 623.5 r

a 562.7 l

10 e u 500 p m m u

5 e c c T

A 0 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Accumulated Percipitation, in mm Average Max. Temperature Average Min. Temperature

Source: awhere Weather Platform, AWhere, 2016 No Educaton, 87.3%

Source: PBS 2015, Kansas State University

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 8 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

This section contains discussion questions and potential research topics as a result of the data and analysis presented on Tatale Sanguli

QUESTION I QUESTION 2

What are the conditions that contributed to What other agricultural or nutrition focused Tatale being ranked third in maize production in development partners or GoG interventions the Northern Region with its share being 8.4% of have previously been implemented, are ongoing, the total? and/or are in the pipeline that may impact Tatale Sanguli’s development?

QUESTION 3 QUESTION 4

Given Tatale Sanguli’s agricultural production, What has contributed to the reduction of benefi- health and sanitation figures, as well as results ciaries in this district since 2014? from the presence vs impact matrix, what should USAID development work focus on in the next two years? What future development assistance would be helpful for this district to turn the flag from White to Green?

The Feed the Future Ghana District Profile Series is produced for the USAID Office of Economic Growth in Ghana by the Monitoring, Evaluation and Technical Support Services (METSS) Project. The METSS Project is implemented through:

The information provided is not official U.S. government information and does not represent the views or positions of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. Government.

All data and information including full citations can be accessed at www.ghanalinks.org 9