DOCSLIB.ORG

Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Agrostis Spp. a Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Agrostis Spp. a Dissertation Origin and evolution of cultivated Agrostis spp. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University By Keenan L. Amundsen Master of Science Michigan State University, 2003 Director: Donald Seto, Associate Professor Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Fall Semester 2009 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Copyright 2009 Keenan L. Amundsen All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Don Seto, Dr. Andrea Weeks, Dr. Huzefa Rangwala, and Dr. Scott Warnke for their support and guidance throughout the completion of this project. Thanks are also due to Dr. John Grefenstette, a former committee member, for assistance during the early stages of this study. I would also like to thank the United States Golf Association and Dr. Scott Warnke of the Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture for providing financial support toward academic and research expenses. Additional thanks are extended to Ms. Vicki Bradley of the National Plant Germplasm System, Dr. Doug Johnson of the Forage and Range Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Dr. Geunhwa Jung of the University of Massachusetts, Dr. Faith Belanger of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and Mr. Kevin Morris executive director of the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program for providing research materials invaluable to the completion of this research. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables ....................................................................................................................v List of Figures................................................................................................................. vi Abstract.......................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................1 2. Ploidy Analysis of NPGS Agrostis Accessions ........................................................23 3. MITE-Display Marker Development in Agrostis .....................................................37 4. MITE-Display Diversity Analysis in Agrostis..........................................................50 5. Evolution of NPGS Agrostis Accessions Based on trnL-trnF and atpI-atpH Intergenic Spacer Regions ........................................................................................65 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................................86 Appendix A List of Germplasm and 2C DNA Content..................................................89 Appendix B MITE-Insertional Polymorphism Primer Pairs ..........................................97 Appendix C Alignment of trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacer Region...................................102 Appendix D Alignment of atpI-atpH Intergenic Spacer Region..................................108 References.....................................................................................................................118 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1 Predicted Diploids Based on 2C DNA Content...............................................31 Table 2 Predicted Tetraploids Based on 2C DNA Content ..........................................32 Table 3 Validation of Flow Cytometry Ploidy Predictions...........................................35 Table 4 MITE-Display Primer Sequences ....................................................................43 Table 5 Number of Candidate MITEs from Agrostis DNA Sequence Libraries..........45 Table 6 Number of MITE-Display Markers Generated With Each Primer Pair ..........55 Table 7 MITE-Display Diversity Study Accession List ...............................................56 Table 8 Accessions Used in Phylogenetic Analyses.....................................................69 Table 9 Conserved Chloroplast Primers .......................................................................71 Table 10 Unique trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacer Haplotypes .............................................73 Table 11 Unique atpI-atpH Intergenic Spacer Haplotypes.............................................73 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 1 Ploidy Analyzer Trace Data ...........................................................................29 Figure 2 Feulgen Stained Chromosomes......................................................................33 Figure 3 Sequence alignment of MDM-2 MITEs from Oryza sativa...........................40 Figure 4 Agrostis Diploid MIP Screen .........................................................................46 Figure 5 MITE-Display Test.........................................................................................48 Figure 6 Cluster Analysis of 81 Agrostis Accessions...................................................57 Figure 7 Structure Analysis of 81 Agrostis Accessions................................................59 Figure 8 Principal Component Analysis of 81 Agrostis Accessions ............................60 Figure 9 Phylogenetic Analysis of trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacer ..................................75 Figure 10 Phylogenetic Analysis of atpI-atpH Intergenic Spacer..................................76 Figure 11 Phylogenetic Analysis of trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacer from cultivated Agrostis...........................................................................................................78 Figure 12 Phylogenetic Analysis of atpI-atpH Intergenic Spacer from cultivated Agrostis...........................................................................................................79 Figure 13 Consensus Network of the atpI-atpH and trnL-trnF Spacer Regions............80 Figure 14 Consensus Network of the Intergenic Spacer Regions and MITE-Display Data ................................................................................................................82 vi ABSTRACT ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF CULTIVATED AGROSTIS SPP. Keenan L. Amundsen, PhD. George Mason University, 2009 Dissertation Director: Dr. Donald Seto Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a highly outcrossing allotetraploid species important to the turfgrass industry because it has unique growth and aesthetic characteristics that make it ideally suited for use in high quality turf stands. There are between 150 and 200 species of Agrostis (bentgrasses) and the relationships between species are not clearly understood. Resolving these relationships is complicated in part because many of the species share similar morphological features and interspecific hybridization is common, making taxonomic classification difficult. Knowledge of the evolution of Agrostis species would provide turfgrass breeders with information on the origins of species and potential sources of novel germplasm. In the present study 305 Agrostis accessions were examined to explore the evolutionary relationships within the Agrostis genus. Flow cytometry experiments were performed on each accession to measure DNA content and make ploidy predictions. MITE display molecular markers were designed and 1,309 were used to assess genetic diversity within a subset of these Agrostis accessions. Fragments of the trnL-trnF and atpI-atpH intergenic spacer regions of the chloroplast genome were also sequenced and used to infer the phylogeny of the chloroplast genome. This data allowed for the prediction of candidate diploid progenitors of cultivated Agrostis species, identification of geographic regions of diverse germplasm, and demonstration of narrowing of the cultivated Agrostis gene pool. The data presented here gives Agrostis breeders valuable information to incorporate novel germplasm in their programs and a direction for recreating the polyploidization events that have led to the cultivated turf-type Agrostis species. 1. INTRODUCTION Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is the most widely utilized cool- season turf species for highly managed playing surfaces such as bowling greens and golf course greens, tees, and fairways (Turgeon, 1996). It outperforms other cool season turfgrass species because of its strong stoloniferous growth, ability to maintain a high level of uniformity after mowing, fine leaf texture, high shoot density, and tolerance of mowing down to heights of 3 mm (Warnke, 2003). A. stolonifera is well adapted to periodically flooded, well-drained, fine-textured, fertile soils (Beard, 1973). It is believed to have originated in Eurasia and is found throughout the world in cool, humid temperate climates (Harvey, 2007). While it is one of the most hardy of the cool season grasses used as turf, the quality of A. stolonifera is adversely affected by wear, soil compaction and a number of pathogens such as dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Benn.), brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns). There are 26 Agrostis (bentgrasses) species known within the North American region north of Mexico and 150 to 200 species worldwide (Harvey, 2007). The five species predominantly used as turf are A. stolonifera, A. capillaris L. (colonial bentgrass), A. castellana Boiss. and Reut. (dryland bentgrass), A. canina L. (velvet bentgrass), and A. gigantea Roth. (redtop bentgrass) (Warnke, 2003). Species delimitation based on 1 morphological characters is difficult because of similar features and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Vegetation of Robinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan
    The Vegetation ofRobinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile1 Josef Greimler,2,3 Patricio Lopez 5., 4 Tod F. Stuessy, 2and Thomas Dirnbiick5 Abstract: Robinson Crusoe Island of the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, as is the case with many oceanic islands, has experienced strong human disturbances through exploitation ofresources and introduction of alien biota. To understand these impacts and for purposes of diversity and resource management, an accu­ rate assessment of the composition and structure of plant communities was made. We analyzed the vegetation with 106 releves (vegetation records) and subsequent Twinspan ordination and produced a detailed colored map at 1: 30,000. The resultant map units are (1) endemic upper montane forest, (2) endemic lower montane forest, (3) Ugni molinae shrubland, (4) Rubus ulmifolius­ Aristotelia chilensis shrubland, (5) fern assemblages, (6) Libertia chilensis assem­ blage, (7) Acaena argentea assemblage, (8) native grassland, (9) weed assemblages, (10) tall ruderals, and (11) cultivated Eucalyptus, Cupressus, and Pinus. Mosaic patterns consisting of several communities are recognized as mixed units: (12) combined upper and lower montane endemic forest with aliens, (13) scattered native vegetation among rocks at higher elevations, (14) scattered grassland and weeds among rocks at lower elevations, and (15) grassland with Acaena argentea. Two categories are included that are not vegetation units: (16) rocks and eroded areas, and (17) settlement and airfield. Endemic forests at lower elevations and in drier zones of the island are under strong pressure from three woody species, Aristotelia chilensis, Rubus ulmifolius, and Ugni molinae. The latter invades native forests by ascending dry slopes and ridges.
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee
    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick
    [Show full text]
  • Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017
    Broadleaf Woodoats (Chasmanthium latifolia) Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017 1 Introduction This 5 hour workshop is an introduction to the identification of grasses using hands- on dissection of diverse species found within the Texas middle Gulf Coast region (although most have a distribution well into the state and beyond). By the allotted time period the student should have acquired enough knowledge to identify most grass species in Texas to at least the genus level. For the sake of brevity grass physiology and reproduction will not be discussed. Materials provided: Dried specimens of grass species for each student to dissect Jewelry loupe 30x pocket glass magnifier Battery-powered, flexible USB light Dissecting tweezer and needle Rigid white paper background Handout: - Grass Plant Morphology - Types of Grass Inflorescences - Taxonomic description and habitat of each dissected species. - Key to all grass species of Texas - References - Glossary Itinerary (subject to change) 0900: Introduction and house keeping 0905: Structure of the course 0910: Identification and use of grass dissection tools 0915- 1145: Basic structure of the grass Identification terms Dissection of grass samples 1145 – 1230: Lunch 1230 - 1345: Field trip of area and collection by each student of one fresh grass species to identify back in the classroom. 1345 - 1400: Conclusion and discussion 2 Grass Structure spikelet pedicel inflorescence rachis culm collar internode ------ leaf blade leaf sheath node crown fibrous roots 3 Grass shoot. The above ground structure of the grass. Root. The below ground portion of the main axis of the grass, without leaves, nodes or internodes, and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Agrostis Stolonifera L.
    Theor Appl Genet (2005) 111: 795–803 DOI 10.1007/s00122-005-2065-x ORIGINAL PAPER N. Chakraborty Æ J. Bae Æ S. Warnke T. Chang Æ G. Jung Linkage map construction in allotetraploid creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Received: 3 December 2004 / Accepted: 2 May 2005 / Published online: 25 June 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is Introduction one of the most adapted bentgrass species for use on golf course fairways and putting greens because of its high Agrostis, or bentgrass, is a large genus of over 200 species tolerance to low mowing height. It is a highly out- in the Poaceae family (Hitchcock 1951). Only five species crossing allotetraploid species (2n=4x=28, A and A 2 3 are used as turfgrass in the United States: colonial subgenomes). The first linkage map in this species is (Agrostis capillaris L.), velvet (Agrostis canina L.), dry- reported herein, and it was constructed based on a land (Agrostis castellana Boiss. and Reut.), redtop (Ag- population derived from a cross between two heterozy- rostis gigantea Roth) and creeping (Agrostis stolonifera gous clones using 169 RAPD, 180 AFLP, and 39 het- L.). These species are perennial, outcrossing cool-season erologous cereal and 36 homologous bentgrass cDNA grasses used for lawns, athletic fields, and golf courses. RFLP markers. The linkage map consists of 424 map- Currently, the stoloniferous, allotetraploid creeping ped loci covering 1,110 cM in 14 linkage groups, of bentgrass (2n=4x=28, A and A subgenomes) is the which seven pairs of homoeologous chromosomes were 2 3 most adapted species for use on golf course fairways and identified based on duplicated loci.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 2: Plant Lists
    Appendix 2: Plant Lists Master List and Section Lists Mahlon Dickerson Reservation Botanical Survey and Stewardship Assessment Wild Ridge Plants, LLC 2015 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Acalypha rhomboidea Native 1 Forb 9 Acer palmatum Invasive 0 Tree 1 Acer pensylvanicum Native 7 Tree 2 Acer platanoides Invasive 0 Tree 4 Acer rubrum Native 3 Tree 27 Acer saccharum Native 5 Tree 24 Achillea millefolium Native 0 Forb 18 Acorus calamus Alien 0 Forb 1 Actaea pachypoda Native 5 Forb 10 Adiantum pedatum Native 7 Fern 7 Ageratina altissima v. altissima Native 3 Forb 23 Agrimonia gryposepala Native 4 Forb 4 Agrostis canina Alien 0 Graminoid 2 Agrostis gigantea Alien 0 Graminoid 8 Agrostis hyemalis Native 2 Graminoid 3 Agrostis perennans Native 5 Graminoid 18 Agrostis stolonifera Invasive 0 Graminoid 3 Ailanthus altissima Invasive 0 Tree 8 Ajuga reptans Invasive 0 Forb 3 Alisma subcordatum Native 3 Forb 3 Alliaria petiolata Invasive 0 Forb 17 Allium tricoccum Native 8 Forb 3 Allium vineale Alien 0 Forb 2 Alnus incana ssp rugosa Native 6 Shrub 5 Alnus serrulata Native 4 Shrub 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Native 0 Forb 14 Amelanchier arborea Native 7 Tree 26 Amphicarpaea bracteata Native 4 Vine, herbaceous 18 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Anagallis arvensis Alien 0 Forb 4 Anaphalis margaritacea Native 2 Forb 3 Andropogon gerardii Native 4 Graminoid 1 Andropogon virginicus Native 2 Graminoid 1 Anemone americana Native 9 Forb 6 Anemone quinquefolia Native 7 Forb 13 Anemone virginiana Native 4 Forb 5 Antennaria neglecta Native 2 Forb 2 Antennaria neodioica ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Texto Completo
    Flora Montiberica 45: 110-153 (V-2010). ISSN 1138-5952 VISITAS BOTÁNICAS Y HERBORIZACIONES EN EL LUGAR DE INTERÉS COMUNITARIO “MUELA DE CORTES Y CARO- CHE” (VALENCIA). P. Pablo FERRER GALLEGO* & Miguel GUARA REQUENA** *Centro para la Investigación y la Experimentación Forestal de la Generalitat Valenciana (CIEF). Avda. Comarques del Pais Valencia, 114, E-46930, Quart de Poblet, València. [email protected] ** Departament de Botànica. Facultat de Ciències Biològiques. Universitat de València. Avda. Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100, Burjassot, València. [email protected] RESUMEN: Se resaltan las aportaciones de diferentes botánicos nacionales y extranjeros en los últimos 218 años al conocimiento florístico del territorio actual- mente aprobado como Lugar de Interés Comunitario “Muela de Cortes y Caroche”, basados en datos bibliográficos y pliegos testigos depositados en los herbarios ofi- ciales nacionales y colecciones particulares. Entre los autores más destacados que han recorrido este territorio se citan a Cavanilles, Willkomm, Porta, Rigo, Pau, Vi- cioso, Borja, Rivas Goday, Rivas Martínez, Mansanet, Bolòs, Vigo, Peris, Stübing, Figuerola, Alcober, Mateo, Laguna, etc. Entre las citas más sobresalientes destacan, entre muchas otras, Chaenorhinum tenellum (Cav.) Lange, Cirsium valentinum Porta & Rigo, Biscutella leptophylla Pau, Crocus serotinus Salisb., Garidella nige- llastrum L., Doronicum plantagineum L., Campanula fastigiata Dufour, etc. Pala- bras clave: Valencia, España, LIC Muela de Cortes y Caroche, Lugar de Interés Comunitario, flora, corología, historia de la Botánica. SUMMARY: There are highlighted the contributions of different national and foreign botanists in the last 218 years to the knowledge floral of the territory, at pre- sent approved like Site of Community Importance “Muela de Cortes y Caroche”, based on bibliographical information and bouchers deposited in official national herbaria and private collections.
    [Show full text]
  • ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Curative Programs for Bluegrass Weevil Larvae Require Patience
    Golfdom 'S PRACTICAL RESEARCH DIGEST FOR TURF MANAGERS BLUEGRASS WEEVIL CONTROL IN THIS ISSUE Inhibiting Reproduction Sprayable pheromones Curative Programs disrupt oriental beetle mating with periodic for Bluegrass applications 62 Weevil Larvae Require Patience OUR SPONSORS By Steven McDonald and Daniel Biehl he Annual Bluegrass Weevil (ABW) is a pest of highly maintained, short-cut turfgrasses. Historically, this beetle in the weevil family has been a problem in Tthe northeastern United States. However, during the past few years, the ABW Bayer Environmental Science has become a serious pest throughout the entire Mid-Atlantic region. www. BackedbyBayer. com It was believed for years that the destructive ability of ABW [previously known as 800-331-2867 the Hyperodes weevil; Listronotus maculicolis (Dietz)] was restricted to annual blue- grass (Poa annua spp. annua L.), including the perennial subspecies Poa annua spp. reptans Hauskn., and that damage from the ABW was isolated to the Northeast. Recent research and field observations, however, have proved this theory incorrect and sub- stantial damage has been observed in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) fairways and putting green collars in the Mid-Atlantic region. Most recently, ABW has been reported damaging annual bluegrass in Ohio. JOHN DEERE The damage from ABW during the 2007 season has been widespread throughout the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions. Personal observation and field reports of pyre- www.JohnDeere.com throid applications not providing acceptable levels of control are occurring and could 309-765-8000 be related to inconsistent spring weather and also higher than normal ABW popula- tions. Many research efforts have focused on the control of ABW Agrium Advanced adults using pyrethroid chem- Technologies istry in the early spring, timed A with the bloom of the forsythia www.agrium.com and dogwood trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Plant Materials Center Spring 2012 Seed Sale
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE April 9, 2012 CONTACT: Division of Agriculture Peggy Hunt, Agronomist II, 907-745-8721, [email protected] State hosts April 16-27 sale of Alaska native grass, grain, and flower seeds The Alaska Plant Materials Center (PMC) will soon open its annual request period for “foundation” and “selected class release” germplasm of seeds of grass, grain, and flowers (forbs). The sale runs from April 16–27, 2012. At that time, the lists of the available seed lots – including quantities, varieties, and prices – will be posted on the Division of Agriculture and PMC web pages (http://dnr.alaska.gov/ag/ and http://plants.alaska.gov). The seed will be available for pickup after the seed sale ends at the PMC, located at 5310 South Bodenburg Spur in the Butte area of Palmer. The PMC produces “foundation and pre-certified” classes of seed, which in turn are sold to commercial growers. The growers then produce “certified seed” which eventually is sold to farmers, landscape companies, revegetation contractors, or construction companies. A ready market exists for those willing to take the time now to plant for the future. Demand can exceed the available supply of seeds. If this occurs, the Allocation Committee will determine the allocation. The committee consists of the Division of Agriculture Director and representatives from the University of Alaska, Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, the Alaska Seed Growers Association, and the PMC. This seed is for commercial growers only. For smaller amounts of seed, please contact businesses listed on the “Native Plant Source Directory”, http://plants.alaska.gov/native/index.php.
    [Show full text]