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Journal of Biopesticides, 2008(i) From the Managing Editor’s Desk I am very happy to introduce a new journal namely “JOURNAL OF BIOPETICIDES”. Agriculture is the back-bone of the human life. Its production is destroyed by pests. Chemical means of plant protection occupy the leading place in agriculture. But pesticides cause toxicity to humans and warm-blooded animals. Therefore, there is a need to develop biopesticides. Moreover, the synthetic pesticides market is expected to show declining trend. At the same time Biopesticides market is slowly growing, due to the benefits of biopesticides including effective control of insects, plant diseases and weeds, as well as human and environmental safety. Biopesticides are pest management tools which are based on beneficial microorganisms, nematodes, natural enemies, and other safer, and biologically-based active ingredients. To bring out more information and usage value of the biopesticides to the scientific community we proposed to start this new journal. On this gracious occasion, I would like to thank the management of St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), including Rev. Fr. Britto Vincent, S.J., Rector; Rev. Fr. Leo Antony Tagore, S. J., Secretary and Rev. Fr. Alphonse Manickam, S.J., Principal in encouraging me to start this new journal. I wholeheartedly thank Prof. M. Thomas Punithan, Head, and all the staff members of my department for their co-operation, encouragement and support for this Herculean task. I express my sincere gratitude to the members of the Editorial Advisory Board and Editorial Board for accepting invitations and their willingness to support in all the way to bring this journal a reputed one. Last but not least I express my thanks to Dr. V. S. Joseph Albert, Head of the Department of English of our college for doing the wonderful job of rectifying the typographical and grammatical errors of the manuscript. Dear biopesticides scientists, specialists, research scholars and students, I assure you that you will be benefited from this journal and I expect your fullest co-operations by the way of your valuable contribution to basic and applied aspects of ecofreindly crop protection. Journal of Biopesticides, 2008(ii) Journal of Biopesticides, 2008(iii) Journal of Biopesticides, 2008(iv) Journal of Biopesticides- Membership form Kindly enroll/renew me for Journal of Biopesticides at the following address. I agree to abide by the rules of the journal. Name in full _________________________________________________Sex/Age _____________________ (In Block Letters) Academic qualifications: ____________________________________________________________________ Correspondence Address ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Pin ________________________ Permanent Address ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________Pin _______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Phone ______________________________ (O) ____________________________________ (R) Fax _______________________________ (O) ____________________________________ (R) E. mail ______________________________ (O) ____________________________________ (R) Profession and experience: _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Areas of interest: __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *I am interested to exchange my research materials (reprints/books/booklets)/Bilateral collaborative research/ permit to utilize the instrumentation facilities available with me /Provide training for students/scholars/researchers/ teachers (* for networking purpose). How you came to know about this journal: ______________________________ ___________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Annual subscription for individuals : Rs. 300.00 (In India); US $ 110 (Air Mail) Annual subscription for Institutions : Rs. 900.00 (In India); US $ 330 (Air Mail) Life membership for individuals : Rs. 1800.00 (In India); US $ 750 (Air Mail) ______________________________________________________________________________ Rs./$ ____________remitted by Bank Draft. No./Cash/Cheque No./M.O. Receipt No_________________ Dated ____/____/______, Name of the Bank _________________________ (for cheques please add Rs. 60/- (US $ 15) extra towards collection charges. Bank draft should be drawn in favor of Journal of Biopesticides and payable at State Bank of India, Palayamkottai (code no. 10482), India. Signature of the candidate with seal Mail to: Dr. K. Sahayaraj, The Managing Editor, Journal of Biopesticides, Crop Protection Research Centre, St. Xavier’s College (autonomous), Palayamkottai-627002, Tamil Nadu, India. [(Off.) 0462 2560744 (ext. 276), (Res.) 0462 2542303; Mobile: 94434 97192], www.jbiopest.com, e-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]. Biotechnological approaches in IPM Journal of Biopesticides, 2008(01-05) 1 Biotechnological approaches in IPM and their impact on environment B. Vasantharaj David ABSTRACT The use of chemical pesticide and other agro chemicals are getting reduced /being banned globally because of their toxic effects on human beings and his live stock, residual toxicity, environmental problems, pest out-breaks and drastic effects on beneficial insects. Therefore, now it is imperative to develop a holistic system of tackling pests to make it more eco-friendly, economically viable and socially acceptable for the farmers. In the WTO regime, it is absolutely necessary to limit the usage of chemicals, to remain in the world market and sustain the competition. In this regard to tackle the major pests and diseases of major crops biotechnological approaches are gaining momentum. Compared with usage of chemical pesticides biopesticides constitute around 2% in the country. The biotechnological approaches of pest control such as use of botanical pesticides, use of microbial pesticides, augmentative biocontrol by inundative releases, pheromones and attractants in pest management and plant incorporated protectants (PIPs) / GM crops which are discussed in detail. Advantages and limitations of biopesticides have been outlined and the future approaches are highlighted. INTRODUCTION enormous efforts to produce and use biopesticides in the The use of chemical pesticide and other agro chemicals context of IPM. are getting reduced / being banned globally because of their toxic effects on human beings and his live stock, Biopesticides: Global Demand/Projection residual toxicity, environmental problems, pest outbreaks Biopesticides are likely to have a greater impact on and drastic effects on beneficial insects. Therefore, now it insecticide sector. Some analysts believe that is imperative to develop a holistic system of tackling pests biopesticides would account for 15% of the total to make it more eco-friendly, economically viable and insecticide market by the year 2010. Presently, socially acceptable for the farmers. In the WTO regime, it biopesticides represent approximately 4.5% of the world is absolutely necessary to limit the usage of chemicals, to insecticide sales. The growth rate for biopesticides over remain in the world market and sustain the competition. In the next ten years has been forecast at 10-15% per annum this regard to tackle the major pests and diseases of major in contrast to 2.5% for chemical pesticides. crops biotechnological approaches are gaining momentum. Crop-wise market share of pesticide usage in India indicates Availability of Biopesticides in India highest use pattern to the extent of 45% in cotton followed About 700 products of different microbials are currently available worldwide. In India about 16 commercial by 22% in rice, 9% in vegetables, 7% in plantations, 4% preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis, 38 fungal each in wheat and pulses, and 9% constituting others. formulations based on Trichoderma, Metarhizium, Compared with usage of chemical pesticides biopesticides Beauveria, Verticillium and about 45 baculovirus based constitute around 2% in the country. formulations of Helicoverpa and Spodoptera are available. Domestic Market of Organic Products The biotechnological approaches include: The current consumption of organically produced fruits I. Use of botanical pesticides and vegetables at the global level is valued at 12,150 crores. II. Use of microbial pesticides To a large extent this sale is also based on individual III. Augmentative Biocontrol by Inundative Releases initiative of the farmers, Non Governmental Organizations IV. Pheromones and attractants in pests management and some entrepreneurial traders etc. The Agricultural V. Plant Incorporated Protectants (PIPs) / GM crops Products Export Development Agency (APEDA)
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