Subtopic 4.3. Extratropical Transition
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Cooperation Between Fukushima Prefecture and the IAEA
Radiation Monitoring and Remediation Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident Cooperation between Fukushima Prefecture and the IAEA INTERIM REPORT (2013 to 2020) 【Fukushima Prefecture Initiative Projects】 【Detailed version】 (Temporary translation) March 2021 Fukushima Prefecture Index Introduction 1 1. FIP1 Survey, and evaluation of the effect, of radiocaesium dynamics in the aquatic systems based on the continuous monitoring 1.1. Abstract 5 1.2. Purpose 5 1.3. Content of implementation 6 1.4. Results 8 1.5. Conclusions 15 2. FIP2 Survey of radionuclide movement with wildlife 2.1. Abstract 17 2.2. Purpose 17 2.3. Content of implementation 18 2.4. Results 19 2.5. Conclusions 26 3. FIP3 Sustainable countermeasures to radioactive materials in fresh wat er system 3.1. Abstract 27 3.2. Purpose 27 3.3. Content of implementation 27 3.4. Results 31 3.5. Conclusions 35 4. FIP4 Development of environmental mapping technology using GPS walking surveys( Ended in FY2015) 4.1. Abstract 37 4.2. Purpose 37 4.3. Content of implementation 39 4.4. Results 41 4.5. Conclusions 48 5. FIP5 Study of proper treatment of waste containing radioactive material 5.1. Abstract 49 5.2. Purpose 49 5.3. Content of implementation 51 5.4. Results 55 5.5. Conclusions 69 Report summary 70 Introduction The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011. It was followed by the accident of Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant1 , and radioactive materials have been released into the environment which contaminated the land. Due to the contamination of the land and other relevant reasons, more than 160,000 prefectural residents were forced to evacuate. -
Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE for RESEARCH in ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
2015 Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2015 annual report University of Colorado Boulder UCB 216 Boulder, CO 80309-0216 COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES University of Colorado Boulder 216 UCB Boulder, CO 80309-0216 303-492-1143 [email protected] http://cires.colorado.edu CIRES Director Waleed Abdalati Annual Report Staff Katy Human, Director of Communications, Editor Susan Lynds and Karin Vergoth, Editing Robin L. Strelow, Designer Agreement No. NA12OAR4320137 Cover photo: Mt. Cook in the Southern Alps, West Coast of New Zealand’s South Island Birgit Hassler, CIRES/NOAA table of contents Executive summary & research highlights 2 project reports 82 From the Director 2 Air Quality in a Changing Climate 83 CIRES: Science in Service to Society 3 Climate Forcing, Feedbacks, and Analysis 86 This is CIRES 6 Earth System Dynamics, Variability, and Change 94 Organization 7 Management and Exploitation of Geophysical Data 105 Council of Fellows 8 Regional Sciences and Applications 115 Governance 9 Scientific Outreach and Education 117 Finance 10 Space Weather Understanding and Prediction 120 Active NOAA Awards 11 Stratospheric Processes and Trends 124 Systems and Prediction Models Development 129 People & Programs 14 CIRES Starts with People 14 Appendices 136 Fellows 15 Table of Contents 136 CIRES Centers 50 Publications by the Numbers 136 Center for Limnology 50 Publications 137 Center for Science and Technology -
Strategic Plan 2021-2025
Strategic Plan 2021-2025 Map of FSM 2 Contents Map of FSM ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Key Issues in the FSM________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Country Context _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Major Vulnerability and Hazards Analysis _________________________________________________________________________________ 8 History of Micronesia Red Cross Society (MRCS) __________________________________________________________________________ 9 IFRC Strategy 2030 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MRCS Vision _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 MRCS Mission: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 Strategic Aims 2021-2025 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13 Strategic Aim 1: Save lives in times of disasters and crises ______________________________________________________________ 14 Strategic Aim 2: Enable healthy and safe living ___________________________________________________________________________ 16 Strategic Aim 3: Promote the prevention and reduction of vulnerability, social inclusion and a culture of non- violence -
Appendix 8: Damages Caused by Natural Disasters
Building Disaster and Climate Resilient Cities in ASEAN Draft Finnal Report APPENDIX 8: DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTERS A8.1 Flood & Typhoon Table A8.1.1 Record of Flood & Typhoon (Cambodia) Place Date Damage Cambodia Flood Aug 1999 The flash floods, triggered by torrential rains during the first week of August, caused significant damage in the provinces of Sihanoukville, Koh Kong and Kam Pot. As of 10 August, four people were killed, some 8,000 people were left homeless, and 200 meters of railroads were washed away. More than 12,000 hectares of rice paddies were flooded in Kam Pot province alone. Floods Nov 1999 Continued torrential rains during October and early November caused flash floods and affected five southern provinces: Takeo, Kandal, Kampong Speu, Phnom Penh Municipality and Pursat. The report indicates that the floods affected 21,334 families and around 9,900 ha of rice field. IFRC's situation report dated 9 November stated that 3,561 houses are damaged/destroyed. So far, there has been no report of casualties. Flood Aug 2000 The second floods has caused serious damages on provinces in the North, the East and the South, especially in Takeo Province. Three provinces along Mekong River (Stung Treng, Kratie and Kompong Cham) and Municipality of Phnom Penh have declared the state of emergency. 121,000 families have been affected, more than 170 people were killed, and some $10 million in rice crops has been destroyed. Immediate needs include food, shelter, and the repair or replacement of homes, household items, and sanitation facilities as water levels in the Delta continue to fall. -
NASA's HS3 Mission Thoroughly Investigates Long-Lived Hurricane Nadine 6 October 2012
NASA's HS3 mission thoroughly investigates long-lived Hurricane Nadine 6 October 2012 hurricane season. Longest-lived Tropical Cyclones As of Oct. 2, Nadine has been alive in the north Atlantic for 21 days. According to NOAA, in the Atlantic Ocean, Hurricane Ginger lasted 28 days in 1971. The Pacific Ocean holds the record, though as Hurricane/Typhoon John lasted 31 days. John was "born" in the Eastern North Pacific, crossed the International Dateline and moved through the Western North Pacific over 31 days during August and September 1994. Nadine, however, is in the top 50 longest-lasting tropical cyclones in either ocean basin. NASA's Global Hawk flew five science missions into Tropical Storm/Hurricane Nadine, plus the transit flight circling around the east side of Hurricane Leslie. This is First Flight into Nadine a composite of the ground tracks of the transit flight to NASA Wallops plus the five science flights. TD means On Sept. 11, as part of NASA's HS3 mission, the Tropical Depression; TS means Tropical Storm. Credit: Global Hawk aircraft took off from NASA Wallops at NASA 7:06 a.m. EDT and headed for Tropical Depression 14, which at the time of take-off, was still a developing low pressure area called System 91L. NASA's Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel or At 11 a.m. EDT that day, Tropical Depression 14 HS3 scientists had a fascinating tropical cyclone to was located near 16.3 North latitude and 43.1 West study in long-lived Hurricane Nadine. NASA's longitude, about 1,210 miles (1,950 km) east of the Global Hawk aircraft has investigated Nadine five Lesser Antilles. -
Report on UN ESCAP / WMO Typhoon Committee Members Disaster Management System
Report on UN ESCAP / WMO Typhoon Committee Members Disaster Management System UNITED NATIONS Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific January 2009 Disaster Management ˆ ` 2009.1.29 4:39 PM ˘ ` 1 ¿ ‚fiˆ •´ lp125 1200DPI 133LPI Report on UN ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Members Disaster Management System By National Institute for Disaster Prevention (NIDP) January 2009, 154 pages Author : Dr. Waonho Yi Dr. Tae Sung Cheong Mr. Kyeonghyeok Jin Ms. Genevieve C. Miller Disaster Management ˆ ` 2009.1.29 4:39 PM ˘ ` 2 ¿ ‚fiˆ •´ lp125 1200DPI 133LPI WMO/TD-No. 1476 World Meteorological Organization, 2009 ISBN 978-89-90564-89-4 93530 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspon- dence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
REVIEW the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I
VOLUME 145 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW NOVEMBER 2017 REVIEW The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts a b c d CLARK EVANS, KIMBERLY M. WOOD, SIM D. ABERSON, HEATHER M. ARCHAMBAULT, e f f g SHAWN M. MILRAD, LANCE F. BOSART, KRISTEN L. CORBOSIERO, CHRISTOPHER A. DAVIS, h i j k JOÃO R. DIAS PINTO, JAMES DOYLE, CHRIS FOGARTY, THOMAS J. GALARNEAU JR., l m n o p CHRISTIAN M. GRAMS, KYLE S. GRIFFIN, JOHN GYAKUM, ROBERT E. HART, NAOKO KITABATAKE, q r s t HILKE S. LENTINK, RON MCTAGGART-COWAN, WILLIAM PERRIE, JULIAN F. D. QUINTING, i u v s w CAROLYN A. REYNOLDS, MICHAEL RIEMER, ELIZABETH A. RITCHIE, YUJUAN SUN, AND FUQING ZHANG a University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin b Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi c NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida d NOAA/Climate Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland e Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida f University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York g National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado h University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil i Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California j Canadian Hurricane Center, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada k The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona l Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland m RiskPulse, Madison, Wisconsin n McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada o Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida p -
Index of Authors Cited
Index of Authors Cited Aagard, K. 641 Alford, J.J. 308 Apostolov, E.M. 665 Abbe, C. 226 Alissow, B.P. 226 Apps, M.J. 459 Abbs, D.J. 153 Aliu, Y.O. 164 Arakawa, H. 21, 114, 125, 260 Aber, J.D. 523 Allaby, M. 657 Arendt, A.A. 643 Abercromby, R. 703 Allan, R. 587 Arens, E. 164 Aberson, S.D. 243 Alldredge, L.R. 699 Arimoto, R. 6 Acevedo, O.C. 685 Allen, C.D. 177 Arkin, G.F. 804 Ackerman, B.S. 777 Allen, J. 625, 665 Arkin, P.A. 120, 266 Ackerman, T.P. 794 Allen, J.C. 318 Arking, A. 667 Ackley, S.F. 52 Allen, M.R. 163, 266, 546, 552 Armstrong, R.L. 662, 663, 804 Adams, G.A. 390 Allen, R.G. 16, 94, 373 Arnell, N. 242 Adams, J. 571, 679 Allen, R.J. 153 Arnfield, A.J. 177, 777 Adams, J.B. 793 Alley, R.B. 53, 427, 546, 571 Arnold, M. 643 Adams, M. 323 Allison, I. 54 Aron, R.H. 500 Adams, R. 323 Alvarado, L. 188 Aronson, R.B. 306 Adamson, R.S. 787 Alvarez, W. 793 Arrhenius, S. 508 Adger, W.N. 269 Amador, J. 188 Arrhenius, S.A. 460 Adler, P. 266 Amador, J.A. 189 Arritt, R.W. 164, 242 Adler, R.F. 266 Jamason, P.F. 242 Arya, S. Pal, 282 Adolphs, U. 52, 54 Ambrizzi, T 53 Arya, S.P. 31, 761 Agaponov, S.V. 699 Ambrose, S.H. 793, 794 Asami, O. 164 Agassiz, L. 387, 412 Ames, M. 740 Asaro, F. -
Sensitivity to Resolution and Topography
1DECEMBER 2019 V A R U O L O - C L A R K E E T A L . 8355 Characterizing the North American Monsoon in the Community Atmosphere Model: Sensitivity to Resolution and Topography ARIANNA M. VARUOLO-CLARKE School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York KEVIN A. REED Downloaded from http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/32/23/8355/4940054/jcli-d-18-0567_1.pdf by guest on 27 July 2020 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York BRIAN MEDEIROS National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado (Manuscript received 29 August 2018, in final form 25 August 2019) ABSTRACT This work examines the effect of horizontal resolution and topography on the North American monsoon (NAM) in experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model. Observations are used to evaluate the fidelity of the representation of the monsoon in simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with a standard 1.08 grid spacing and a high-resolution 0.258 grid spacing. The simulated monsoon has some realistic features, but both configurations also show precipitation biases. The default 1.08 grid spacing configuration simulates a monsoon with an annual cycle and intensity of precipitation within the observational range, but the monsoon begins and ends too gradually and does not reach far enough north. This study shows that the improved representation of topography in the high-resolution (0.258 grid spacing) configuration improves the regional circulation and therefore some aspects of the simulated monsoon com- pared to the 1.08 counterpart. -
GEO Quarterly 36
GGrouproup forfor EEartharth OObservationbservation The Independent Amateur Quarterly Publication for 3366 Earth Observation and Weather Satellite Enthusiasts December 2012 Inside this issue . Esko Petäjä has produced an informative article on Fire Detection and Monitoring, where he investigates the important role played by satellites. It’s now 25 years since the Montreal Protocol was set up to tackle the problem of ozone depletion in the atmosphere. Les Hamilton investigates whether or not it has proved a success. With MODIS L1 data now beaming down into readers’ EUMETCast systems, Mike Stevens takes a look at a popular item of dedicated viewing software. For readers who like a challenge, Rob Denton is offering some unusual prizes for the ‘farthest west’ APT image you send him. Though Envisat is no longer active, Francis Breame provides an informative overview of his experiences while taking part in the Envi- Ham programme. ... plus further articles on Hurricane Sandy, Wildfires in Greece, Auroras observed by the Suomi-NPP satellite. GEO MANAGEMENT TEAM Director and Public Relations Les Hamilton Francis Bell, Coturnix House, Rake Lane, [email protected] Milford, Godalming, Surrey GU8 5AB, England. Tel: 01483 416 897 he front cover of this issue is graced by some splendid imagery from GEO Quarterly reader email: [email protected] TRobert Moore. Robert sent in a wonderfully clear satellite image of the Falkland Islands General Information that so impressed me that it was a shoe-in for the front cover. Robert also submitted a beautiful John Tellick, panoramic photograph of clouds to illustrate his article on page 33: it also fi nds a place as our email: [email protected] masthead background. -
Seasonal Climatology and Dynamical Mechanisms of Rainfall in the Caribbean
Climate Dynamics (2019) 53:825–846 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04616-4 Seasonal climatology and dynamical mechanisms of rainfall in the Caribbean Carlos Martinez1,2 · Lisa Goddard2 · Yochanan Kushnir1 · Mingfang Ting1 Received: 22 October 2018 / Accepted: 4 January 2019 / Published online: 14 January 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The Caribbean is a complex region that heavily relies on its rainfall cycle for its economic and societal needs. This makes the Caribbean especially susceptible to hydro-meteorological disasters (i.e. droughts and floods). Previous studies have investigated the seasonal cycle of rainfall in the Caribbean with monthly or longer resolutions that often mask the seasonal transitions and regional differences of rainfall. This has resulted in inconsistent findings on the seasonal cycle. In addition, the mechanisms that shape the climatological rainfall cycle in the region are not fully understood. To address these problems, this study conducts: (i) a principal component analysis of the annual cycle of precipitation across 38 Caribbean stations using daily observed precipitation data; and, (ii) a moisture budget analysis for the Caribbean, using the ERA-Interim Reanalysis. This study finds that the seasonal cycle of rainfall in the Caribbean hinges on three main facilitators of moisture convergence: the Eastern Pacific ITCZ, the Atlantic ITCZ, and the western flank of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH). The Atlantic Warm Pool and Caribbean Low-Level Jet modify the extent of moisture provided by these main facilitators. The expansion and contraction of the western flank of NASH generate the bimodal pattern of the precipitation annual cycle in the northwestern Caribbean, central Caribbean, and with the Eastern Pacific ITCZ the western Caribbean. -
Statistical Characteristics of the Response of Sea Surface Temperatures to Westward Typhoons in the South China Sea
remote sensing Article Statistical Characteristics of the Response of Sea Surface Temperatures to Westward Typhoons in the South China Sea Zhaoyue Ma 1, Yuanzhi Zhang 1,2,*, Renhao Wu 3 and Rong Na 4 1 School of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] 2 Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999777, China 3 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; [email protected] 4 College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1888-885-3470 Abstract: The strong interaction between a typhoon and ocean air is one of the most important forms of typhoon and sea air interaction. In this paper, the daily mean sea surface temperature (SST) data of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observation System (EOS) (AMSR-E) are used to analyze the reduction in SST caused by 30 westward typhoons from 1998 to 2018. The findings reveal that 20 typhoons exerted obvious SST cooling areas. Moreover, 97.5% of the cooling locations appeared near and on the right side of the path, while only one appeared on the left side of the path. The decrease in SST generally lasted 6–7 days. Over time, the cooling center continued to diffuse, and the SST gradually rose. The slope of the recovery curve was concentrated between 0.1 and 0.5.