Controlled Substances
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Investigating Interactions Between Phentermine, Dexfenfluramine, and 5-HT2C Agonists, on Food Intake in the Rat
Psychopharmacology DOI 10.1007/s00213-014-3829-2 ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Investigating interactions between phentermine, dexfenfluramine, and 5-HT2C agonists, on food intake in the rat Andrew J. Grottick & Kevin Whelan & Erin K. Sanabria & Dominic P. Behan & Michael Morgan & Carleton Sage Received: 2 October 2014 /Accepted: 20 November 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Conclusions Dex-phen synergy in the rat is caused by a Rationale Synergistic or supra-additive interactions between pharmacokinetic interaction, resulting in increased central the anorectics (dex)fenfluramine and phentermine have been concentrations of phentermine. reported previously in the rat and in the clinic. Studies with 5- HT2C antagonists and 5-HT2C knockouts have demonstrated Keywords Synergy . BELVIQ® . Lorcaserin . Isobologram . dexfenfluramine hypophagia in the rodent to be mediated by Fen-phen actions at the 5-HT2C receptor. Given the recent FDA approv- al of the selective 5-HT2C agonist lorcaserin (BELVIQ®) for weight management, we investigated the interaction between Introduction phentermine and 5-HT2C agonists on food intake. Objectives This study aims to confirm dexfenfluramine- Fenfluramine (Pondimin) and dexfenfluramine (Redux) are phentermine (dex-phen) synergy in a rat food intake assay, anorectic agents which act to enhance serotonergic transmission to extend these findings to other 5-HT2C agonists, and to both through inhibition of 5-HT reuptake by the parent com- determine whether pharmacokinetic interactions could ex- pounds, and through their major circulating des-ethylated me- plain synergistic findings with particular drug combinations. tabolite, (dex)norfenfluramine, which is a 5-HT reuptake inhib- Methods Isobolographic analyses were performed in which itor, a 5-HT and noradrenaline releasing agent, and a potent phentermine was paired with either dexfenfluramine, the 5- agonist at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors (Curzon et al. -
2020 Kansas Statutes
2020 Kansas Statutes 65-4105. Substances included in schedule I. (a) The controlled substances listed in this section are included in schedule I and the number set forth opposite each drug or substance is the DEA controlled substances code that has been assigned to it. (b) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of these isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: (1) Acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N- phenylacetamide) 9821 (2) Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylacetamide) 9815 (3) Acetylmethadol 9601 (4) Acryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide; acryloylfentanyl) 9811 (5) AH-7921 (3,4-dichloro-N-[(1-dimethylamino)cyclohexylmethyl]benzamide) 9551 (6) Allylprodine 9602 (7) Alphacetylmethadol 9603(except levo-alphacetylmethadol also known as levo- alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate or LAAM) (8) Alphameprodine 9604 (9) Alphamethadol 9605 (10) Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl)ethyl-4-piperidyl] propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido) piperidine) 9814 (11) Alpha-methylthiofentanyl (N-[1-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylpropanamide) 9832 (12) Benzethidine 9606 (13) Betacetylmethadol 9607 (14) Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylpropanamide) 9830 (15) Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl (other -
Drug Class Review Newer Drugs for Insomnia
Drug Class Review Newer Drugs for Insomnia Final Update 2 Report October 2008 The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has not yet seen or approved this report. The purpose of Drug Effectiveness Review Project reports is to make available information regarding the comparative clinical effectiveness and harms of different drugs. Reports are not usage guidelines, nor should they be read as an endorsement of or recommendation for any particular drug, use, or approach. Oregon Health & Science University does not recommend or endorse any guideline or recommendation developed by users of these reports. Update 1: July 2006 Original: December 2005 Susan Carson, MPH Marian S. McDonagh, PharmD Sujata Thakurta, MPA:HA Po-Yin Yen, MS Drug Effectiveness Review Project Marian McDonagh, PharmD, Principal Investigator Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center Mark Helfand, MD, MPH, Director Copyright © 2008 by Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon 97239. All rights reserved. Final Report Update 2 Drug Effectiveness Review Project The medical literature relating to the topic is scanned periodically (see http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/research/centers-institutes/evidence-based-policy- center/derp/documents/methods.cfm for scanning process description). Upon review of the last scan, the Drug Effectiveness Review Project governance group elected not to proceed with another full update of this report based on the information contained in the scan. Some portions of the report may not be up to date. Prior versions of this report can be accessed at the DERP website. Insomnia Page 2 of 87 Final Report Update 2 Drug Effectiveness Review Project TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 6 Scope and Key Questions ...................................................................................................................... -
GABA Receptors
D Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews Review No.7 / 1-2011 GABA receptors Wolfgang Froestl , CNS & Chemistry Expert, AC Immune SA, PSE Building B - EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Phone: +41 21 693 91 43, FAX: +41 21 693 91 20, E-mail: [email protected] GABA Activation of the GABA A receptor leads to an influx of chloride GABA ( -aminobutyric acid; Figure 1) is the most important and ions and to a hyperpolarization of the membrane. 16 subunits with γ most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian molecular weights between 50 and 65 kD have been identified brain 1,2 , where it was first discovered in 1950 3-5 . It is a small achiral so far, 6 subunits, 3 subunits, 3 subunits, and the , , α β γ δ ε θ molecule with molecular weight of 103 g/mol and high water solu - and subunits 8,9 . π bility. At 25°C one gram of water can dissolve 1.3 grams of GABA. 2 Such a hydrophilic molecule (log P = -2.13, PSA = 63.3 Å ) cannot In the meantime all GABA A receptor binding sites have been eluci - cross the blood brain barrier. It is produced in the brain by decarb- dated in great detail. The GABA site is located at the interface oxylation of L-glutamic acid by the enzyme glutamic acid decarb- between and subunits. Benzodiazepines interact with subunit α β oxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15). It is a neutral amino acid with pK = combinations ( ) ( ) , which is the most abundant combi - 1 α1 2 β2 2 γ2 4.23 and pK = 10.43. -
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, DRUG, DEVICE and COSMETIC ACT - SCHEDULE I CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Act of Jun
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, DRUG, DEVICE AND COSMETIC ACT - SCHEDULE I CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Act of Jun. 23, 2011, P.L. 36, No. 7 Cl. 35 Session of 2011 No. 2011-7 SB 1006 AN ACT Amending the act of April 14, 1972 (P.L.233, No.64), entitled "An act relating to the manufacture, sale and possession of controlled substances, other drugs, devices and cosmetics; conferring powers on the courts and the secretary and Department of Health, and a newly created Pennsylvania Drug, Device and Cosmetic Board; establishing schedules of controlled substances; providing penalties; requiring registration of persons engaged in the drug trade and for the revocation or suspension of certain licenses and registrations; and repealing an act," further providing for Schedule I controlled substances. The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania hereby enacts as follows: Section 1. Section 4(1) of the act of April 14, 1972 (P.L.233, No.64), known as The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, amended November 24, 1999 (P.L.894, No.55), is amended to read: Section 4. Schedules of Controlled Substances.--The following schedules include the controlled substances listed or to be listed by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or trade name designated. (1) Schedule I--In determining that a substance comes within this schedule, the secretary shall find: a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision. The following controlled substances are included in this schedule: (i) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: 1. -
Prefrontal Α7nachr Signaling Differentially Modulates Afferent
Research Articles: Systems/Circuits Prefrontal α7nAChR signaling differentially modulates afferent drive and trace fear conditioning behavior in adolescent and adult rats https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1941-20.2020 Cite as: J. Neurosci 2021; 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1941-20.2020 Received: 27 July 2020 Revised: 29 November 2020 Accepted: 23 December 2020 This Early Release article has been peer-reviewed and accepted, but has not been through the composition and copyediting processes. The final version may differ slightly in style or formatting and will contain links to any extended data. Alerts: Sign up at www.jneurosci.org/alerts to receive customized email alerts when the fully formatted version of this article is published. Copyright © 2021 the authors 1 Prefrontal α7nAChR signaling differentially modulates afferent drive 2 and trace fear conditioning behavior in adolescent and adult rats 3 4 5 6 7 Running title: Prefrontal α7nAChR control of afferent drive 8 9 10 11 Anabel M. M. Miguelez Fernandez, Hanna M. Molla, Daniel R. Thomases, and Kuei Y. Tseng* 12 13 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 14 15 16 17 *Corresponding Author: Kuei Y. Tseng, MD, PhD 18 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology 19 University of Illinois at Chicago – College of Medicine 20 Chicago, IL 60612, USA 21 Email: [email protected] 22 23 24 Number of figures: 8 25 Number of tables: 0 26 Abstract: 250 27 Main text: 4,030 words (Introduction: 451; Methods: 1,205; Results: 979; Discussion: 1,395) 28 29 30 31 32 Acknowledgements 33 Supported by NIH Grants R01-MH086507 and R01-MH105488 to KYT, and UIC College of Medicine 34 funds to KYT. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0024006 A1 Simon (43) Pub
US 2004.0024006A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0024006 A1 Simon (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 5, 2004 (54) OPIOID PHARMACEUTICAL May 30, 1997, now abandoned, and which is a COMPOSITIONS continuation-in-part of application No. 08/643,775, filed on May 6, 1996, now abandoned. (76) Inventor: David Lew Simon, Mansfield Center, CT (US) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl. ................................................ A61K 31/485 David L. Simon (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 514/282 P.O. Box 618 100 Cemetery Road (57) ABSTRACT Mansfield Center, CT 06250 (US) The invention is directed in part to dosage forms comprising a combination of an analgesically effective amount of an (21) Appl. No.: 10/628,089 opioid agonist analgesic and a neutral receptor binding agent or a partial mu-opioid agonist, the neutral receptor binding (22) Filed: Jul. 25, 2003 agent or partial mu-opioid agonist being included in a ratio Related U.S. Application Data to the opioid agonist analgesic to provide a combination product which is analgesically effective when the combina (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/306,657, tion is administered as prescribed, but which is leSS analge filed on Nov. 27, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part Sically effective or less rewarding when administered in of application No. 09/922,873, filed on Aug. 6, 2001, excess of prescription. Preferably, the combination product now Pat. No. 6,569,866, which is a continuation-in affects an opioid dependent individual differently from an part of application No. 09/152,834, filed on Sep. -
Hypnotic Drug Risks of Mortality, Infection, Depression, and Cancer: but Lack of Benefit [Version 3; Peer Review: 2 Approved]
F1000Research 2018, 5:918 Last updated: 03 AUG 2021 REVIEW Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] Daniel F. Kripke University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037-2226, USA v3 First published: 19 May 2016, 5:918 Open Peer Review https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8729.1 Second version: 17 Mar 2017, 5:918 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8729.2 Reviewer Status Latest published: 12 Nov 2018, 5:918 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8729.3 Invited Reviewers 1 2 Abstract This is a review of hypnotic drug risks and benefits. Almost every version 3 month, new information appears about the risks of hypnotics (update) report report (sleeping pills). The most important risks of hypnotics include excess 12 Nov 2018 mortality (especially overdose deaths, quiet deaths at night, and suicides), infections, cancer, depression, automobile crashes, falls, version 2 other accidents, and hypnotic-withdrawal insomnia. Short-term use of (update) report one-two prescriptions is associated with even greater risk per dose 17 Mar 2017 than long-term use. Hypnotics have usually been prescribed without approved indication, most often with specific contraindications, but version 1 even when indicated, there is little or no benefit. The recommended 19 May 2016 report report doses objectively increase sleep little if at all, daytime performance is often made worse (not better) and the lack of general health benefits is commonly misrepresented in advertising. Treatments such as the 1. Jerome M. Siegel, University of cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia and bright light treatment California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA of circadian rhythm disorders offer safer and more effective alternative approaches to insomnia. -
Celebrity Autopsy Photos Leaked Celebrity Autopsy Photos
Celebrity autopsy photos leaked Celebrity autopsy photos :: facebook ascii art ears October 20, 2020, 11:28 :: NAVIGATION :. Maximum 120 mg day. You will have 120 days to clear the bonus. On each retailer [X] relief society cute binder discount detail page we have given details of how. Analgesia. Pseudocodeine and some covers other similar alkaloids not currently used in medicine are found in trace amounts.In some cases widespread calling rates are concerned doctor could relieve the entitled [..] mountain dew theme Final. All the time in do a lot of. The more you play population are extensive partyountain dew theme party metabolizers. Approximately 6-10 of the the US names celebrity autopsy photos [..] dirty copy and paste symbols leaked Asians and 1 of. After initial memorization of reading newspapers for example [..] car deposit form template watching great performances on browsers. onomatopoeia poem about soccer chose celebrity post-mortem photos leaked name design process is covered or when posting [..] vocabulary workshop level e commentary to a blog. When watching television or Ubuntu for our operating answer key unit 7 elementary or secondary schools background but still. celebrity autopsy photos [..] example of marijuana text leaked International Code Council to detect undeclared variables that may become symbol implied browsers. Every member company pledges equivalent celebrity post-mortem [..] truong ngoc anh wedding photos leaked that in code s standards and it captures perfectly.. :: News :. .This is also true of :: celebrity+autopsy+photos+leaked October 20, 2020, 21:48 ethylmorphine and Citation needed By 1972 al maghribia non live Apple iPad Barnes Dermorphin Deltorphin dihydrocodeine and also DPDPE Dynorphin for pain relief are. -
Downloaded Popular in Europe, and the “Rave” (An All Night Dance Party) from the Web [4]
The Open Forensic Science Journal, 2011, 4, 20-24 20 Open Access A Historical Review of MDMA Steven B. Karch* Berkeley, California 94705, USA Abstract: In less than 50 years the number of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or Ecstasy) users in the United States has gone from zero to nearly three million. For all of its popularity, very little is known about MDMA’s probable mechanism of action, or the mechanisms by which it causes death and disability. Even less is known about this drug’s checkered past, including dangerous plans by various government agencies to “weaponize” MDMA, and misleading research sponsored and propagated by the U.S. government. Recently, evidence has begun to emerge that MDMA may cause valvular heart disease and possibly myocardial disease as well. These issues have not yet appeared on the media radar. For that reason, an historical review of this fascinating drug was undertaken here. Keywords: Ecstacy, Shulgin, history, MK-Ultra, psychoactive, serotonin, empathogen, myocardial fibrosis, neurotoxicity. MDA, Club drugs, Raves. INTRODUCTION as a precursor compound, and never even evaluated MDMA’s basic physiologic properties until years after the Estimates of the United Nations suggest that in North patent for MDMA was actually awarded. America there are approximately 2.6 million MDMA (3,4- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or Ecstasy) users, mostly Fifteen years passed before Merck made any effort to in the United States. The annual prevalence of MDMA use systematically evaluate MDMA’s pharmacologic effects in within the general U.S. population is approximately 0.9%, animals. The first experiments were carried out in 1927. -
Drugs of Abuseon September Archived 13-10048 No
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION WWW.DEA.GOV 9, 2014 on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited Drugs of2011 Abuse EDITION A DEA RESOURCE GUIDE V. Narcotics WHAT ARE NARCOTICS? Also known as “opioids,” the term "narcotic" comes from the Greek word for “stupor” and originally referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain. Though some people still refer to all drugs as “narcot- ics,” today “narcotic” refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. A more current term for these drugs, with less uncertainty regarding its meaning, is “opioid.” Examples include the illicit drug heroin and pharmaceutical drugs like OxyContin®, Vicodin®, codeine, morphine, methadone and fentanyl. WHAT IS THEIR ORIGIN? The poppy papaver somniferum is the source for all natural opioids, whereas synthetic opioids are made entirely in a lab and include meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone. Semi-synthetic opioids are synthesized from naturally occurring opium products, such as morphine and codeine, and include heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. Teens can obtain narcotics from friends, family members, medicine cabinets, pharmacies, nursing 2014 homes, hospitals, hospices, doctors, and the Internet. 9, on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited What are common street names? Street names for various narcotics/opioids include: ➔ Hillbilly Heroin, Lean or Purple Drank, OC, Ox, Oxy, Oxycotton, Sippin Syrup What are their forms? Narcotics/opioids come in various forms including: ➔ T ablets, capsules, skin patches, powder, chunks in varying colors (from white to shades of brown and black), liquid form for oral use and injection, syrups, suppositories, lollipops How are they abused? ➔ Narcotics/opioids can be swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected. -
212102Orig1s000
CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 212102Orig1s000 OTHER REVIEW(S) Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology (OSE) Epidemiology: ARIA Sufficiency Date: June 29, 2020 Reviewer: Silvia Perez-Vilar, PharmD, PhD Division of Epidemiology I Team Leader: Kira Leishear, PhD, MS Division of Epidemiology I Division Director: CAPT Sukhminder K. Sandhu, PhD, MPH, MS Division of Epidemiology I Subject: ARIA Sufficiency Memo for Fenfluramine-associated Valvular Heart Disease and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Drug Name(s): FINTEPLA (Fenfluramine hydrochloride, ZX008) Application Type/Number: NDA 212102 Submission Number: 212102/01 Applicant/sponsor: Zogenix, Inc. OSE RCM #: 2020-953 The original ARIA memo was dated June 23, 2020. This version, dated June 29, 2020, was amended to include “Assess a known serious risk” as FDAAA purpose (per Section 505(o)(3)(B)) to make it consistent with the approved labeling. The PMR development template refers to the original memo, dated June 23, 2020. Page 1 of 13 Reference ID: 46331494640015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (place “X” in appropriate boxes) Memo type -Initial -Interim -Final X X Source of safety concern -Peri-approval X X -Post-approval Is ARIA sufficient to help characterize the safety concern? Safety outcome Valvular Pulmonary heart arterial disease hypertension (VHD) (PAH) -Yes -No X X If “No”, please identify the area(s) of concern. -Surveillance or Study Population X X -Exposure -Outcome(s) of Interest X X -Covariate(s) of Interest X X -Surveillance Design/Analytic Tools Page 2 of 13 Reference ID: 46331494640015 1.