SIGNIFICANT PIONEER - WOMEN OF 1860 - 1912

A research project by I

Carole DeCosmo

- ARIZONA STATE ·usRARY : ARCHIVES & PUBLIC RECORDS

- JUN 2 l 2011

Funded in part by the Bert Fireman Research Grant

from - \. The Arizona Historical Foundation at Arizona State University · Table of Contents

Forward 1

Acknowledgements 2

Introduction 3

Significant Pioneer Women of Arizona 6

The Ladies of the Clubs 31

Clark Collection 42

Bibliography 127

Index 131

Census 135 Forward

I became interested in the pioneer women of Arizona doing research for the video "Arizona Quilts Pieces of Time" for Arizona Quilt Project. Going through archives in the states museums like the Sharlott Hall Museum, Arizona Historical Society Museum and the Arizona Historical Foundation I found the stories of women that had made a difference in the social and cultural foundations of Arizona - women that I had never heard of. There were single working mothers, and Sarah Dall Weech, and educators like Angeline Brigham Mitchell Brown and Mary Bernard Aquirre. Each in a different sections of Arizona were busy making a difference as the state grew. When I received the Bert Fireman Research Grant from the Arizona Historical Foundation I began to delve deeper.

I set my research area from 1860 to 1912. This space of time took Arizona from being a part of the Territory of New Mexico to statehood. I found many fascinating women and the selection process was difficult because some of these women had become very real to me through thenf stories. I found many that made a difference, but were outside the research period. The research project is divided into three sections: Significant Pioneer Arizona Women; The Ethel Maddock Clark Collection; and The Ladies of the Club. Each woman included in each section was selected because their story is a part of the warp and woof of the fabric of Arizona.

Included in the Appendix is an excerpt of the 1860 census. It is interesting to see where the settlers were and where they came from. The Index of Women gives their names, where they settled and the museum where I found information about them. I hope that the reader enjoys reading about these extraordinary ladies that came to the last frontier in the , looked around and set to work to make it a better place to live.

1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research could never have begun without the help of The Bert Fireman Research Grant from the Arizona Historical Foundation at Arizona State University and their patience at the time it took me to complete the work. I also want to thank Carole Miller, a lifelong friend, who spent vacation time checking dates in a research library; Cindy Hayostek, Cochise County Historical and Archeological Society; Tom Vaughn, Bisbee Mining and Historical Museum; Rosemary Clark, Desert Caballeros Museum; Evelyn Lessler, Pimeria Alta Historical Society; Cherrel Weech, Eastern Arizona Museum and Historical Society; Ellen Clark, Willcox Chamber of Commerce and Agriculture; and Rick Lilje grin.

A special thank you to Daffy Tabor, Phoenix Museum of History, who discovered the Ethyl Maddock Clark research papers and Jean Maddock Clark who gave me the permission to use her mothers work before her death. Special recognition to Eth¢ Maddock Clark, whose passion for history preserved a special piece of Arizona History.

2 INTRODUCTION

Arizona in the 1860's was a part of the New Mexico Territory. When the 1860 Census was taken in the Territory of New Mexico, County of Arizona, the Aggregate Population was 6,485. (see Decennial Census 1860) That included 743 white females, 6 colored females and 1,938 Free Indians. The population was mainly south of the Gila River to the Mexican Border. The census, of course, counted only the "Free Indians" since the and other hostiles objected to the census takers.

Many of the women were wives and daughters of military men stationed at the many posts across the County of Arizona to try to control the Indians. Most were housewives although there were a few business women, milliners, laundresses and ladies of the evening plying their trades. Given the modes of travel at the time it is interesting to note the original home of many of the women: Ireland, Austria, Germany, Chile and Venezuela were just a few.

The start of the Civil War caused the United States government to recall the majority of the troops from the territory to fight in the easL When this happened the took advantage of the exposed position of the pioneer settlers and the majority of the Anglo's either left or sent their families to the east to safety. Virginia Culin Roberts, in the Spring, 1982 Journal of Arizona History, tells us about the few (Akes, Penning tons, Kirkland, Wadsworth and Page) who stayed with their families on ranches along the Santa Cruz River. (see 1860 Territorial Map of Arizona)

The true pioneer period started after the Civil War. Arizona bad become a state, but was still a man's territory. Mining, ranching, and the military were still the principal occupations for residents. Commercial activity was confined to the region south of the Gila River, except for a few scattered mines and nearby army posts. By the 1870 census the population had grown to 9,.658 over SO% of them in Pima County -3,244 in Tucson; Yavapai County with 2,142. The majority of the women were Hispanic and Indian, but the anglo women were coming with their families and the frontier was beginning to have a new look. These women were better educated and accustomed to more cultural amenities. They were also self sufficient, after taking care of the farms, ranches and families while their husbands were fighting in the Civil War. A few Indians made them nervous but did not scare them off.

The 1880's changed the nature of Arizona. The steady growth of mining from placer to lode, saw the growth of substantial communities where mills were being established. With the growth of jobs came families, and with the families came schools and churches. During this same period the Mormon movement, which had begun along the Little Colorado River in the 1870's, stepped up. These pioneers established solid, substantial, family orientated communities.

With the arrival of the railroad Arizona swept into the Territorial Development period in the 1890's with strong agrarian growth. Geronimo had been subdued for the last time, and for the first time, a period of peace and prosperity existed. The capital was moved from Prescott to Phoenix, and Maricopa County was beginning to become an attractive agricultural center, good for farming families.

By the turn of the century the three C's, cotton, cattle and copper, dominated the economy, the culture remained agrarian. and the fight for statehood gained support. Women were always a strong influence in the forming of the state. In Cochise County, Jennie Elliot, who had come to Bisbee with her husband, ran a variety of boarding houses. In 1904 she became the first woman lobbyist in the Territorial Legislature.

In 1905, eight years before women gained the right to vote in Arizona, they were voting in Bisbee. Deputy District Attorney F. J. Flanigan stated, "I am of the opinion that all actual taxpayers in the district are entitled to vote, and that any woman who possess the requirements is also entitled to vote, she being a taxpayer." This opinion was made regarding a school bond election in Cochise County. The bond passed overwhelmingly due to women voters, including many teachers.

Bisbee and Cochise County have a history of many firsts for women in Arizona. and Louise Fiske were the first women to file a mining claim, on November 28, 1878. Sarah Herring became the first woman in the Territory of Arizona to pass the bar exams on January 15, 1893.

As Arizona approached statehood suffrage for women became a rallying point for women all over the state. Frances Williard Mllllds and Rachel Allen Berry led the fight in the northern part of the state. Rosa Goodrich Boido, M.D. and Dr. Clara M. Schell were part of the group in Tucson, and when Arizona was admitted to the Union on February 14, 1912, it was a new era for Arizona and for women.

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.:i::::::1;~~==:i::, Kitchen Ranch 1 Ji'l~~!--~~fJ!tti:ll · h rahall Significant Pioneer Women of Arizona

The only course toward the greatest ideals of human development is by the road of absolute freedom .•. and unswerving personal responsibility.•. for both men and women, in every phase of life in home and outside world alike.

I believe that woman's first duty is to herself... and that she must be free to find her own way toward the greatest good and most harmonious development without any purely arbitrary man-made restriction.

6 wealthy Mexican trader, in 1862. They were married on August 21, 1862. The couple traveled extensively in the east: Chi~go, New York, Philadelphia and , visiting family before leaving in September, 1863 for Sante Fe. Toe affluence of the Aguirres was apparent, they traveled in a train of 1? w~gons l~aded with 10,000 pounds of freight. By 1864, Epifamo Agmrrre owned the "bulk of the government contracts for freighting along the Sante Fe trail between the Colorado and Missouri Rivers", supplying Army posts throughout the Southwest

Mary traveled extensively with EpifanJo in the seven years before his death, having three sori: Pedro, Epifanio and Stephen, during the time. Epifania was killed MARYBERNARDAGUffiRE by Apache Indians in January, 1870 near Sasabe, Arizona. BORN: June 23, 1844 After his death Mary returned to Missouri. Although she had IN: St Louis, Missouri crossed the great plains with her husband five times, she went FATHER: unknown to San Francisco where she and the children could take the MOTHER: unknown Union Pacific back to Missouri. CAME TO ARIZONA: 1875, Tres Alamos HUSBAND: Epifanio Aquirre In 187 5 Mary decided to come west again to take a teaching job in a small Arizona town called Tres Alamos, MARRIED: unknown making the trip with her brothers. After an Indian raid closed CHILDREN: Pedro, Epifanio, Stephen the school in April 1876, Mary moved her family to Tucson where she was named head of the public school for girls.

Surely born under a traveling star, Mary Bernard There were about 20 girls in the school when I took Aguirre's travels were unusual in her time. The journal she charge. With a few exceptions, they were the most unruly set kept gives us unique insights to life-styles in the west Toe the Lord ever let live. They had an idea that they conferred journal is an exciting record of travel by wagon, stagecoach, a favor upon the school and teacher by even attending," she steamboat and railroad. She began her journal writing, "Our wrote. "The recess bell was signal for those girls to climb out lives are through highways and byways - some over rugged windows into the street, to whoop and scream like mad, and ground and some down 'blossoming ways' . I have been a to generally misbehave. I let the first recess pass, but when traveler all my life and have seen many highways and byways the afternoon recess came, I would not allow a girl IO leave in my time." her seat. Of course, there was rebellion and muttering dire, but I told them that the first one who left her seat should go Born in St. Louis, Mo. on June 23, 1844, at six home and stay there. So order was restored and no one left months Mary and the Bernard family moved to Baltimore, the room. Maryland, her mother's birthplace. She wrote in her journal, "we went as far as Wheeling, Virginia by steamboat and from In 1895 Mrs. Aquirre was appointed the head of the there to Baltimore by stage." Later in her journal she re­ Spanish language and English History Deparonents of the flected, "what a trip that must have been over the Allegheny University of Arizona She continued in this post until she Mountains in a stage with three small children." died on May 24, 1906 of injuries suffered in a Southern Pacific train wreck. The Bernard family started west in 1856, from Westport, Missouri which was a jumping off spot for the wagon trains starting for the western territories. To 12 year old Mary "jumping off spot" created a picture in her mind of "an immense bank from which one could look down into space." Part of the trip was made by train. The apparent wealth of the family is reflected in the journal recollection, "with us went the servants, two Negro women and a white housekeeper, and no end of luggage. I can remember the immense lunch baskets and the delight oflunching on the cars and the wonderful views as we sped along".

Nineteen-year-old Mary met Epifanio Aguirre, a - SARAH MATILDA FARR BARNEY BORN: unknown IN: unknown FATHER: unknown MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: Solomonville, Graham County, 1881- HUSBAND: Walter Turner Barney MARRIED: unknown CHILDREN: unknown

At the age of eleven, Sarah Matilda Farr walked all the way across the plains leading a blind woman in her care. The journey tookfromMay27 to August 13, 1852. She knew well the hardships of pioneering as she was the only one in her family to come at that time. She worked as a hired girl until her marriage October 13, 1858, to Walter Turner Barney.

Sarah and Walter pioneered several towns in Utah before being "called" to help settle Arizona in Solomon ville. They bought a Mexican' s claim of 160 acres and cleared and improved it It was quite a trial to leave their comfortable homes in Utah and go out into the frontier again. They brought only the necessities with them as they traveled over poorly made roads to reach the Gila Valley.

Sarah helped to get the land cleared and a home built all the time the fear of Indians was with them as the Apache Indians we!!, very hostile and often raided the whites. Outlaws were also a threat

In 1896, when Sarah was 55 and Walter 59, they rented their farm to their married sons and took up some land in what became Glen bar and started a new venture. With the help of the youngest daughter Sarah ran the store and Walter made trips to Tucson, Willcox and Globe with a team and wagon to get supplies to sell. She worked early and late to talce care of the home and store and did a good job of it

When her oldest daughter died in 1906, Sarah and Walter took a grandson , age 5, and two older granddaughters to raise. Later, with thedeathoftheirfather another grandson and granddaughter came to live them. These children were in addition to 9 of her own.

Sarah Matilda Farr Barney died at age 73, in April, 1914. RACHEL EMMA ALLEN BERRY in the world, nation and state. Her opinion on the current BORN: March 11, 1859 fashions of 1948 is an example of her progressiveness. " I like IN: Ogden, Utah to keep up with fashions," she said, "I had enough of long FATHER: unknown skirts when I was a girl. My dresses suit me fine when they' re MOTHER: unknown just a little below the knee, and I hope sincerely that styles CAME TO ARIZONA: January 27, 1882 never take the hemline to the ankle again." She died on HUSBAND: William Berry Thanksgiving Day in 1948. MARRIED: 1879 CHILDREN: 7 children - 4 daughters and 3 sons RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown

The first Arizona State Legislature in 1912 enfran­ chised women Arizona legislated women's right to vote eight years before it was obtained nationally in 1920. Having leadthesuffragefightinNavajoCounty,RachelEmmaAllen Berry became one of the first women in the United States to win election to a state legislature.

Mrs. Berry, representing Apache County, took her seat in the House of Representatives on January 11, 1915. A Democrat, she successfully campaigned for the adoption of the state flag we have today, fought for education and child welfare bills, and served as Chair of the Good Roads Com­ mittee and as a member of the Committee of Counties and County Affairs, and Public Health and Statistics. A losing Rachel Emma Allen Berry battle was an attempt to ban cigars and chewing tobacco in the Legislature. Mrs. Berry focused her energies in Apache County after her term in the Legislature as Chair of the ROSA GOODRICH BOIDO, M.D. County Child Welfare Board and serving on the St John's BORN: February 24, 1870 School Board for many years. IN: Navasota, Texas FATHER: Briggs Goodrich Born in Ogden, Utah, she grew up in Kanarraville, MOTHER: Rosa Meador Goodrich Utah, the daughter ofMormon pioneers. Before her marriage CAME TO ARIZONA: to William Berry in 1879, she taught school. The Berrys HUSBAND: Dr. Lorenzo Boido, M. D. started their trip to Arizona in 1881, with a party of other Married: unknown Mormon settlers following the Mormon Trail in the territory. Children: Rosalind, Lorenzo, Jr. The trip took three months, and they arrived in St. Johns on January 27, 1882, setting up housekeeping in wagons and When the Goodrich family came to Tombstone, tents. Later the Berrys built a log cabin, and in 1886 built the Arizona, Rosa was three. Her father Briggs Goodrich was first brick house in the county. one of the first attorneys in Arizona and later Attorney General for the Territory. Life in the territory was hard, and Rachel Berry had little patience with those who would moan for the "good old Educated at Pacific Methodist College and the days.'; In 1889 she nursed her four children through diphthe­ Cooper Medical College in San Francisco, Dr. Boido prac­ ria, then came down with the same disease while pregnant ticed for some years in Tucson where she was the examining with her fifth child, who lived only 16 days after birth. Her physician for the Maccabees, Knights and Ladies of Security eldest son was murdered herding sheep in 1903. and Fraternal Brotherhood.

Mrs. Berry served the Mormon Church for many years The suffrage fight in Tucson was led by Dr. Boido, as president of the local Relief Society and the Mutual , Abbie Howe Haskin, Mrs. Improvement Association. Celebrating her 89th birthday in Nowell, and Dr. Clara M. Schell. When the right to vote was 1948 she was still nimble in mind and body. In an interview accorded women in the fall of 1912, Dr. Boido and company she said she didn't want to become "just an old lady with felt that their long effort was amply repaid. She was also the nothing to do." Nearly 90, she kept up with current events superintendent of Scientific Temperance for the W.C.T.U. of Arizona ANGELJNE BRIGHAM MITCHELL BROWN BORN: October 5, 1854 Callen of Junction City to bring a large colony of people to IN: Bridgewater, Massachusetts Prescott, Arizona, to engage in mining and other occupa­ FATHER: Daniel F. Mitchell tions. Callen convinced to Daniel Mitchell that he would be MOTHER: Angeline Brigham Mitchell welcomed as a surveyor and bis wife and daughter as CAME TO ARIZONA: 1875, with Callen Party teachers. HUSBAND: George Edward Brown MARRIED: April 20, 1881 The Mitchell family bad another reason to look for a CHILDREN: unknown change. Their eldest son, Captain William Mitchell had RELATIVES IN WARS: Brother - William Mitchell, distinguished himself for conspicuous bravery in the Civil Civil War War and had been killed in action. All the family needed a home far from the memories of the slavery struggle in Pioneer Arizonans were fortunate to have bad a woman Kansas. So, with a large wagon train of over 100 people, and teacher like Angeline (Angie) Mitchell Brown in their they started west along the Santa Fe trail. Angie wrote that midst. The child of Angeline Brigham, a member of the first it was a wonderful journey, the prairies covered with class graduated from Mt Holyoke Seminary under the great summer grass and wild flowers. They reached Prescott on teacher Mary Lyon, and Daniel Mitchell, Angie inherited the November 3, 1875. The group held a Thanksgiving cel­ fme ideals and love for learning of New Englanders. ebration before scattering to find work or locate mines or ranches. When Angie was about eight, the Mitchells moved from Massachusetts to Kansas with many of their neighbors Angie's first school was in Walnut Grove, a little when the question ofextending slavery into the western states room made of adobe and cottonwood poles. Walnut Grove became a question. Settling at Junction City they watched the at this time was one of the best farming regions in Yavapai great wagon trains pass along the Santa Fe Trail going west County, and most of the vegetables and grain for Prescott Her mother, a gifted teacher, established and taught the were grown there. school in a log building with a dirt floor. She had brought many school books with her from Toe diaries Angie kept through her life give us a Kansas, among them a large atlas of world maps. Part of her picture of life in Kansas at that time. She attended the new school lessons was to spread clean sand on a large board and college at Manhatten, Kansas, where she took high honors have the children model and shape it into relief maps of the and graduated two or three years younger than usual. Leav­ various states. Flour was used to show the snow on the high ing Manbatten College with the highest honors which it could mountains and many-colored sands were used to make the give, she returned several times to Boston and the New rivers and plains. England area to study music. She was an accomplished musician, playing both piano and organ. Angie taught the pupils songs which told the geogra­ phy in verse. She also taught them many popular songs of the Before Angie left for college she listed in her journal day and held a singing school once a month to which all the all the clothes which bad been made ready for her to take adults of the area could attend. along. 'There were white muslin petticoats, some plain and some embroidered, flannel petticoats - every girl wore from One term Angeline was teaching in a little room of three to six petticoats when dressed for the day." All this cottonwood poles stood on end with a brush roof. The roof clothing was a very unusual for a school girl of that day and leaked in rains and the wind brew through the cracks. It also place but the Mitchells were people of wealth and importance had been used as a chicken house and the mites from the and bad brought much better things from the Massachusetts chickens crawled over the children when they sat near the home than most frontier families bad ever seen. poles. An old dry well about fifteen feet deep was in the yard. Toe larger boys dug steps down to the bottom which was Angie Mitchell taught school in the prairie districts of several feet across, and when the wind blew Angie and the Kansas, teaching in sod schoolhouses , in log schoolhouses children went down to the bottom and held school. and in a heavy stone block house to which the whole neigh­ borhood retreated when Indian raids threatened. This was the When a probate judge and County School Superin­ time of the Sioux uprisings in Kansas. tendent of Yavapai County went to visit the school he found the schoolroom empty. As he walked around the yard he In 1875 Daniel Mitchell, a surveyor and civil engineer, could hear voices but could no see anyone. He almost fell in became interested in the plan of a man known as "Grizzly" the well before he noticed it-Miss Mitchell looked up and

1 dressed in black broadcloth suits with wbiteshirtsandagood invited him to come down and hear the children recite. deal of jewelry. When they learned of the song service which Miss Mitchell gave in the church they would all close their Some months later Angeline went to teach the first games Sunday mornings and go to church and listen to the school ever taught in the Tonto Basin, a small Mormon music and then put a contribution in the plate and walk out settlement located there. It took a week to get to the school and begin their games again. over the roughest mountain trail. Often the wagon bad to be unloaded before the horses could get up the bills. Miss Her journals give us a clear concise picture of life in Mitchell lived with one family that bad a two room shelter of Kansas and in Arizona. Following is a list of household poles set on end. expenses for January and February, 1882. Keep in mind all items were freighted in by wagon. Later in the Spring a bunch of Apache Indians, who bad run away from the San Carlos Reservation , came to the January l, little settlement and crowded into the school room. They Beef from Uncle Joe @ .OS 7.50 slapped the children and pulled their hair and scared the 16 lbs bacon 4.32 10 lb lard 2.25 women who bad run to the school for safety. The men were all out after their cattle. While the Indians were in the front January 14th of the room Miss Mitchell, a veteran of Souix attacks in 8 lbs sugar @ .25¢ (Dougherty) 2.00 Kansas, pushed her smallest pupil through a crack in the coffee 2.00 l lb yeast powder .75 back of the room by the fireplace and told her to run find the matche.s .50 men. The little girl ran until she met cowboy who came and drove the Indians away. January20 coffee (10\bs) Bashford 2.85 16 lbs cube sugar @ .25¢ (J/eaver) 2.50 Other schools Angeline Mitchell taught were in Miller 20 lbs sugar "Coffee C' @ .22¢ (B's) 4.40 Valley, Old Tiger Camp, Wild Rye, and West Prescott. By S lbs yeast (Bashford) 3.00 January, 1877, Angeline bad resigned and bad rejoined her 10 lbs dried Apples 2.50 Mother in Prescott. Mr. Mitchell bad died the year before 10 lbs rice 2.50 andbermotherwasaloneintown. Laterin 1877theArizona Janaury3lst Mm advertised a Private School run by Angie and her 200 lbs flour @ $6.00 per cwt 12.00 mother. l lb yeast powder (Murray) .75

February S Miss Mitchell became Enrolling and Engrossing Agent Soap .75 for the Territorial ,Legislature soon after it convened at Butter .50 Prescott She badbeautiful handwriting and prepared most tomatoes 50 of the material used by the newspapers in reporting legisla­ Beef from Eyeler 16 lbs (about) .80 tive happenings. February l 0th Beef from Mitchell (fore quarter) 155 lb @ .06¢ lb 9.30 On April 20, 1881, she married George E. Brown, a member of the legislature, and owner of a ranch on the Agua February 19 Tobacco 3.00 Fria below Mayer. For many years after her marriage, Mrs. Apples Slbs @ .331/3¢ 1.65 Brown and her mother were members of the Teacher's Pickles 1.00 Examining Board for the state and for Yavapai County. The Bacon 16lbs@ .27¢ 4.00 educations of these two women set the standard for Arizona. Tomatoes - 4 cans 2.00 Yeast powder .75 They selected the questions for the examinations and in White sugar 33lbs @ .25¢ 8.25 every way held up the highest ideals for Arizona Schools. A Beans 1.00 few weeks before her death, Mrs. Brown passed the exami­ Lard 20\bs @ 1.25 per can - Sib cans 5.00 nation required for teachers in the U.S. Indian Service and Butter lOlbs @ .50¢ 5.00 .39 received 100 percent on each subject Soap3 Bars February 26 Angeline Mitchell Brown touched many lives in her Syrup 2.25 years in Prescott Even Morris Goldwater, writing on Brandy 1.75 .75 "Masonry in Arizona", described her Sunday morning song Carbolic gargle services. The gambling houses in Prescott and the men who owned them were the richest men in town. They always NELLIE CASHMAN BORN: unknown February 27 10lbs Dried Plums 5.00 IN: Queenstown, County Cork, Ireland 3 sacks table salt - 9 lbs each @ .10¢ lb .90 FATHER: unknown 1 pkg stamped envelopes 1.00 MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: 1879 -Tucson March 8 Candles - 2 dozen (Bashford) 2.00 HUSBAND: unknown 201bs sugar 5.00 MARRIED: unknown 15 lbs rice 3.00 CHILDREN: unknown 1 box soap 4.25 20 lbs salt@ .10¢ 2.00 100 lbs Flour 6.00

. , Angeline Brigham Mitchell Brown,astudentofhistory. Not a great deal is known about the early life of Nellie , realized the worth of her journals and papers. In her will she· Cashman before she immigrated to America with her sister specified, should have all the books and papers Frances in 1868. Arriving in Boston the sisters stayed there that she deemed important for her newly formed Historical a year, leaving for San Francisco in 1869. The record we do Museum in Prescott. For this reason an important part of a have is thanks to John P. Clum, editor of The Tombstone women's history in this state has been preserved. Epitaph. At age 80 Clum, a friend of Cashman, decided to Mrs. Brown died on December 23, 1909. record Nellie's exploits.

Nellie Cashman had two passions, helping anyone who needed her and finding a rich mining strike. The two went hand in hand with Nellie. In 1877 she joined the gold rush to the Territory. The respect the other miners had for Nellie is apparent in the fact that she traveled most of her life in the company of men. She became the "Angel of the Yukon" after a difficult trip in the middle of winter to take provisions to the miners. Her account of the trip appearedintheVictoria,BritishColumbia.Colonistin 1898.

I went north to Cassiar with a party of two hundred miners from ... We penetrated a practically unknown country. We went up to the Stickeen [sic] River to Telegraph Creek early in the summer, and when the party settled down in what was then a very rich region, I alternately mined and kept a boarding house for miner,J

In the fall of the year I came out to civilization, that is to Victoria but learning that a large number ofour party was sick with scurvy I hastened back after securing six men to accompany me.

It took seventy-seven days to reach camp as the winter was very severe. At Wrangel the United States custom officers tried to dissuade me from raking what they tenned my mad trip and, in fact, when we had been several days up the river on our journey they sent up a number ofmen to induce me to turn back. We pushed on in the coldest weather with hardly any trail to follow, and, after sleeping sixty-six days in the snow, reached the camp in time to be ofservice to the men, some ofwhom were half-deadfonvant ofproper supplies .... They are talking about sleeping bags, etc., NELLIE CASHMAN she would return to the United States to check on her nieces for that northern country, but all I used on that and nephews and visit with old friends. terrible trip was a pair of blankets. On January 4, 1925, Nellie Cashman died in St Tucson was a prosperous, booming town in 1879 Joseph's Hospital in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. when Nellie arrived with friend Jennie Swift to open The She is buried in the Sisters of St Joseph's plot at Ross Bay Delmonico Restaurant. At twenty-eight she was described Cemetery. Nellie was an excellent example of Women of as a small, five-foot, black-eyed brunette, slender, with the West- hardworking, caring, progressive for her time, a attractive womanly figure. Her hardy laugh, Irish brogue, leading citizen. She broke the boundaries for all women. and her ability to express herself in forceful oral and written language were also often noted.

Always on the lookout for the good mining strike in 1880, Cashman moved on to Tombstone after Ed Schieffelin's silver strike. A rapidly growing town, Tombstone became Cashman' s home for about twenty years. From this base of operation she ventured to dozens of mining centers. Her first business opportunity there was The Nevada Cash Store, a complete department store. Then followed a hotel, and then the Arcade Restaurant

Her sister's husband died in San Francisco in 1880. Nellie then brought her sister and five nieces and nephews from San Francisco to Tombstone to live. In 1883 her sister died, and the children became Nellie's to rear and educate. Nellie helped raise the money to build the first school in Tombstone. Friend to all, she solicited donations from all who did business in Tombstone. The Catholic Church built in 1882 was built with funds she privately collected.

Her courage and fearlessness was enhanced during these years. A staunch Catholic Nellie based her life on religious principles. She was noted for;> comforting con­ victed prisoners who were afraid their bodies were going to be sold after their hanging and protecting E.B. Gage, chief owner and manager of the Grand Central Mining Company, when miners were going to hang him.

1884 found her trekking to Muleje, Baja . where she was erroneously reported dead of thirst in the Mexican desert The true story was the party ran out of water and Nellie, in the best condition found the Santa Gertrudis Mission while searching for water. With the help of locals Nellie was able to bring burros with packs of goatskin water containers.

The late eighties found Nellie prospecting for gold and in business in Kingston, New Mexico; Harqua Hala and Minas Prietas in and in Kimberley, Africa. By 1897 Nellie was reported organizing a party to return to Alaska. For the next twenty-five years she filed claims, ran a store in Dawson, and carried on with her work of caring for the helpless, sick and downtrodden. Every five to six years EMMA B. COLEMAN BORN: January 12, 1840 IN: Illinois FATHER: unknown MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: HUSBAND :unknown MARRIED: unknown CHILDREN: unknown RELATIVES IN WARS:

Emma B. Coleman was the first woman in Arizona to become a member of the National Woman Sufferage Asso­ ciation. One of the earliest pioneers in Arizona. she might well be called the Mother of the sufferage movement in Apache and Graham Counties. That "it is right. and right will prevail" Mrs. Coleman was a delegate from Graham County to the Constitutional Convention held in Phoenix in 1911. Along with delegates from other counties, she worked hard to have a Sufferage plank incorprorated in the state consitution, but without success. Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter Happy when it was passed in 1912, Mrs. Coleman, a homemaker,believedthatvotingwouldnotcausethesligbtest deterioration in the femininity or efficiency of homemakers and mothers. Her second commission in 1904 was to design the Hopi House at the Grand Canyon. To create a building that fit the natural setting, she decided to design the buildings after the Hopi dwellings in Oraibi, Arizona. This would reflect the history of the area and the Hopi Indians, who had lived at the MARY ELIZABETH JANE COLTER Grand Canyon for hundreds of years. BORN: April 4, 1869 IN: Pittsburgh, Pennyslvania Miss Colter's permanent position as designer and FATHER: unknown decorator began in 1910. Working out of the company MOTHER: unknown headquarters in Kansas City, she designed the Bright Angel CAME TO ARIZONA: 1902 - Grand Canyon Lodge, Phantom Ranch, Hermit's Rest. Lookout Studio and HUSBAND: unknown the Desert View at the Grand Canyon; La Fonda Hotel in MARRIED: unknown Santa Fe, New Mexico; the Painted Desert Inn in the Painted CHILDREN: unknown Desert. Arizona. and the Union Stations in Kansas City, St. RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown Louis and Los Angeles, CA.

Colter died on January 8, 1956, in Santa Fe, New Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter might never have become Mexico. Her biographer Virgina Grattan wrote, "Colter's the architect that influenced southwesten architecture had she philosophy was that a building should grow out of its setting, not visited a friend who worked at a Fred Harvey gift shop and embodying the history and flavor of the location. It should indicated her interest in working for the Harvey Company. belong to its environment as though indigenous to that spot". Teaching at the Mechanic Arts High School in St. Paul, When you visit the Grand Canyon or any other of the cities Minnesota, she received a telegram in the summer of 1902 where her work stands each of the buildings is warm, inviting offering her a summer position. The job, to decorate the and distinctive. Her style has become known as National interior of an Indian Building adjacent to Harvey's new Park Rustic. Alvarado Hotel in Albuquerque, led to a 46 year career with the company. - CORDELIA ADAMS CRAWFORD BORN: February 27, 1865 IN: Lampesas, Texas FATHER: John Quincy Adams MOTHER: Emily Adams CAME TO ARIZONA: 1868 - Phoenix HUSBAND: Bushrod Foley Crawford MARRIED: 1880 CHILDREN: unknown RELATIVES IN WAR: John Quincy Adams, Captain in Confederate Army

Cordelia Adams Crawford was three years old when her family settled on a 90 acre farm near the end of the Swilling Ditch in 1868. Her father John Quincy Adams, a captain in the Confederate Anny, lost everything in the war. When be returned home to Texas, friends and neighbors ask him to lead their group West.

At fifteen Cordelia married Bushrod Foley Crawford and settled on a ranch in the Tonto Basin. They the grew hay and oats which they used for the cattle, mules, and horses. Mr. Crawford sold his cattle in San Diego, the trip taking six months. Three times during these trips Cordelia had to deliver her own babies because the nearest neighbor was 40 miles away.

Mrs. Crawford's friendship for the Apache women in the Tonto Basin, undoubtedly saved the family from the Cordelia Adams Crawford Apache Raids. They trusted Cordelia andwould bring their sick children to her to heal. The women would sit under the tree at the bottom of the hill in front of the ranch house. Mrs, Crawford would go down to them and they would lay the sick child in her arms. Often it would take several days before the child was well enough to go home, but the mother would wait under the tree ,

She was remembered by friends and family as a woman of courage, "who was as easy on a horse as she was in a rocking chair." 1903-1905. This book lists issues women were concerned JESSIE BENTON FREMONT with: "Women in Outdoor Art,. Civil Service Reform, Child BORN: unknown Labor and Industrial Conditions." Reading this program IN: unknown illustrates that women of the territory were not provincial, FATHER: Thomas Hart Benton but aware of the issues of the day. MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: At the 1905 Convention in Phoenix, Mrs. Fowler HUSBAND: John Charles Fremont left office with these closing remarks that were advanced MARRIED: unknown thinking for her time: CHILDREN: two RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown women's work/or the public good has come to her through the activity ofher own womanly energy, and not by gift oflegislature; realizing this, and appreciating the broad­ Though her time in Arizona was short, Jessie Benton minded club woman's purpose to simply enlarge her sphere Fremont made an impact "The Fremonts traveled by train -not desert it- to help man -not displace him- in the world's as far as Yuma, Arizona. ... and spent several restful days in progress,true-heartedmenbidherwelcomeandseektheaid the officers quarter's high on a bluff overlooking the Colo­ ofher organizations in solving many problems, civic educa­ rado" (p300) From there they traveled to Prescott by Army tional, sociological lfwe appreciate our opportunity and transport They were welcomed by Govener Hoyt, the bear full measure of our responsibility, our service will be territorial secretary and other officers. Housing was difficult crowned with success. so the family of Attorney Fitch turned over their home to the Fremonts and camped in the law office. The/came to the house for meals. Jessie wrote later "though speechless with fatigue upon arrival, this generous act restored both strength and speech".

Always interested in education, Jessie visited a local school taught by a Miss Sherman. Arriving during a history lesson she was asked to give a talk to the pupils. After her talkon Marie Antoinette she was urged to make history talks on Fridays thoughout the year. She wrote of these experi­ ences later in articles titled "My Arizona Class".

Mrs. Fremont also had a hand in establishing the first hospital in Prescott. Father Desjardins, worried over the need for a good hospital with women nurses, discussed this lack of facilities with Jessie. She then wrote to the Sisters of St Joseph, who had worked in war hospitals with her during the Civil War. Soon after her plea Mother John and Mother Monica arrived to establish a hospital. These quiet and dignified ladies moved among the townspeople and busi­ nessmen collecting the money needed.

The altitude in Prescott caused problems with Jessie· s heart, andshewasforced to leave. After finding her uncon­ scious on the floor Governor Fremont insisted she return to New York to visit friends. Governor Fremont remained in Prescott with charge of their daughter Lil until his resignation. HELENS. STEVISON FRENCH BORN: October 19, 1868 IN: Peoria, Illinois FATHER: unknown MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: 1900 Bisbee HUSBAND: Stuart Whitney French MARRIED: 1894 CHILDREN: unknown RELATIVES IN WARS:

Helen Stevison French was typical of many of the well-educated women that came to Arizona in the late 1800' s. Born in Peoria, Illinois, in October of 1868, she was educated in Chicago in public and private schools. When she was eighteen, Helen was taken to Italy to study vocal music and languages. Returning to the United States in 1891, she expected to have a career in music. After a very serious illness she was obliged to give up a career, and began to teach interpretative singing and languages.

After her marriage to Stuart Whitney French in 1894, Adeline Hall making cheese on the Orchard the Frenchs came to Arizona in 1900. They lived in Bisbee where Mr. French was employed by Phelps Dodge & Ranch near Dewey Company. ADELINE SUSANNAH BOBLETT HALL During the time the Frenchs lived in Arizona Mrs. BORN: September 23, 1844 French devoted herself to cultural improvement. In Bisbee IN: Dayton, Ohio Mrs. French organized and became the first president of the FATHER: John Boblett Bisbee Woman's Club. Through her efforts, the first MOTHER: unknown Woman's Club House in Arizona was built in Bisbee. CAME TO ARIZONA: 1882, Prescott Moving to Douglas in 1904, Mrs. French became the state HUSBAND: James Knox Polk Hall president of the Arizona Federation of Women's Clubs. MARRIED: January 31, 1869, CHILDREN: Sbarlot, Ted Outstanding features of the administration of Mrs. RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown French as state president were: The passing by the Arizona Legislature of the Bill providing for Kindergartens in the Adeline Boblett's family was as Sharlot described it, public schools of the Territory, and the passing of the Bil~ to people with gifts of song and hands of natural artistry that establish a Juvenile Court and the institution of Probauon astonished neighbors. Her father an abolitionist, left the Officers in the various townships of the Territory, this Bill family farm in Bedford County, Virginia to his brother and being offered through Mr. E. E. Ellinwood for Mrs. French, moved west to Dayton, Ohio, where Adeline was born. representing the State Federation. John Boblett remarried in 1854 and moved to Iowa to start a second family. It was from her father and stepmother that Her closing statement to club women, and Board of she acquired the knowledge of wild plants and herbs that in Directors of the General Federation was a validation of her later years she used to help many of her neighbors. belief in the strength of women to create change. Mrs. French wrote, "We are a part of a great potential force for Adeline served as a nurse for the Union Forces during service to humanity, of greater possible power and more the Civil War. After the war she went west to join her brother direct effectiveness than any other among women, this club John and become a teacher in the Kansas territories. In woman's trinity, of Club, State, and General Federation - a Minneapolis, Kansas, during an Indian raid, she metJrunes three-fold cord which is not easily broken." Knox Polk Hall. On January 31, 1869, they were married. Adeline and James Hall had nothing in common intellectually or emotionally, but Adeline was twentytwo and in that time - was considered an old maid. Perhaps she considered mar­ riage to an uneducated buffalo hunter with her own home preferable to living with her brother and his family, rel­ egated to family drudge as many unmanied sisters were.

The Halls lived in Kansas until 1881, when they started west to join Adeline's brother John. They travel the Santa Fe trail south to Albuquerque then struck out over the Camino del Obispo, a military trail used my most heading for the northern Arizona Territory. Traveling in the winter was difficult and slow. The Hall's party reached the Agua Fria River Valley in February, 1882.

Sharlot, for whom Sharlot Hall Museum is named, thought her mother brilliant and, resented her father's lack of sensitivity to her mothers needs. An inspiration for all of Sharlot's poems Adeline supported her daughter's interests in writing and in preserving the history of the territory. Sharlot's book "Cactus and Pine" was published to please her mother shortly before Adeline's death.

Adeline Hall died in a hospital in Prescott on August 24, 1912. Sharlot took her mother's body to Los Angeles for cremation as per her mother's wishes and installed the urn in a niche in her bedroom, a reminder of the "spiritual union that was to furnish the strongest motivation for her in the next decade". Adeline is now buried in the Simmons Plot, Arizona Pioneers Cemetery in Prescott

1 • NAME: SHARLOT MABRITH HALL BORN: OCTOBER 27, 1870 IN: Lincoln County, Kansas FATHER: James Knox Polle Hall MOTHER: Adeline Susannah Boblett Hall CAME TO ARIZONA: 1882 HUSBAND: none MARRIED: CHILDREN: none RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown

SharlotMabrith Hall was born on the banks of Prosser Creek, Lincoln County, Kansas during a driving rainstorm; named by her uncle Sam Boblett, the spelling iJ(s an Indian one. Perhaps this beginning was a portent for a life that was hard, different and exciting. Sharlot was detennined to live her life without the interference of a husband,This detenni­ nation unquestionably had its roots in the relationship between her mother and father.

Sharlot learned early that her father was a force to be reckoned with and stayed out of his way and was very quiet Mr. Hall, like many men of his day, believed what was good enough for his mother in the good old days was good enough for his women now. He disliked any display of education, believing that it was "trying to be high-toned." Mr. Hall seemed to delight in keeping Adeline from all the things that educated people wanted and liked.

Sharlot rhymed and played with words from the time she was a small girl. I am sure this bent to her life came from spending all her day's with Adeline. From her mother she learned language, music and the many things that came naturally to the Boblett family. Sharlot learned to read before she was four, by reading some of her Grandfather Boblett' s books. Her first school was around the age of four, when a gentleman who had eight children but not much Sharlot Hall, circa 1898 education opened a school four miles from the Hall home.

And so went her life in Kansas. By the time Sharlot reached eleven she bad become a voracous reader. In the Fall of 1881, the Halls received a letter from John Boblett, Adeline'sbrother,abouttheareaaroundPrescott. Inresponse John boughtaherd of blooded horses and in November, 1881, they started down the Santa Fe trail to a new life.

Sharlot' s job on the trip was to ride behind the herd of horses. Early in the trip her horse threw her, and she landed flat on her back, cracking her spine. Afraid of her Uncle Sam Boblett, acting as wagon boss, Sharlot climbed back in the saddle and finished the trip. This injury was to dog her the

20 balance of her life, causing her at various times in her life to to Prescott for a second set of lectures and stayed with the be confined to her bed. The trip made a great impression on Hall'satOrcbardRanch. Aftrhisdeparture in March 1895, the young girl, since it was made in miserable winter weather they corresponded regularly. I tis clear in underlined passages through dangerous and inhospitable land. ofbooks that Putnam gave her and poems that they wrote that Sharlot truly loved him. The wagons reached the Prescott area in February, 1882, camping on the John Boblett ranch in the Lynx Creek After her meeting with Putnam her writing career area. In 1882 Prescott contained five churches, a theater, a became even more successful. After his death in 1897, concert building, a brick city hall, two school buildings, three Sharlot began to exploit her own experiences. She began to newspapers, two banks, and fifteen or twenty miscellaneous write for Land ofSunshine magazine, becoming a protegee stores and eighteen saloons. While the population was only of publisher Charles Lummis. In 1903 be invited her to Los 1,836, Prescott was connected with the railroads by regular Angeles to become editor while he was away in San Fran­ stagecoach service. cisco meeting with the Hearsts regarding a new magazine that would become Out West. Sharlot and her brother Ted attended their first Ari­ zona school in 1883, in a school not far from the family ranch Sbarlot returned to Prescott in November, a celebrity. in Lonesome Valley. She recalled in later years that she Her Prescott sponsor Frances Willard Munds insisted that wrote her first book of verse in a little yellow paper-backed she appear at the Monday Club the same week she returned. notebook during this school. This first book of verse showed Her success in Land of Sunshine and Out West magazines her taste for the historical. It was about Columbus, and the journalists all over the United States began to take note of discovery of Florida and frontier life. There is little doubt she Sbarlot' s work and her life as an Arizona Ranch Woman. was influenced by geography lessons being studied at the time. Her interest in preserving Arizona's history started by recording the experiences of the Territory's pioneers. In In 1892,at twenty-one, thebackinjurysufferedonthe Phoenix when Charles Poston died, she hurried to his unlocked trail surfaced, forcing her to lay flat on the floor. Topass the house and began to make notes for potential future work. His time she began to write using the floor for a desk. The work diary, found in her effects after her death, bears the note she produced during this time was published the following "Charles Poston died in abject poverty in his house in year, firmly starting her on the path of a professional writer. Phoenix". After the death of "Uncle" Dick Thomas, a The Archaeologist published an article about a trip to Verde neighbor of the Hall's, Sharlot began to think of the many Valley cliff dwellings in April, 1893 issue, while The Great pioneers in the territory too unlettered to put down their Divide published a poem in March 1893, and a short story in experiences, and determined to do what she could to record May 1893. I am sure the income from these efforts was their lives so Arizona history would not be lost happily accepted by her father and the only reason she was allowed to continue with this occupation. From these successes The seed of what would become the Sharlot Hall Sharlot realized all trips around the state could be turned into Museum began in 1906. Traveling around Arizona with articles, and from that time on kept a diary of all her travels Charles B. Genung, prospector, rancher and father of around the state for future articles. Arizona's fi.rst female doctor, she began to fonnulate the idea that a historical museum should be established in Samuel Putnam's lecture in Prescott on Saturday, Prescott, like those being established in other parts of the January 5, 1895, changedSharlotHall's life forever. Putnam United States. Knowing the job was too big for one person, was a lecturer on the Free Thought movement. Free Thought she turned to the ladies of the Monday Club. The first fund­ bad a strong base in Arizona, with Charles T. Hayden beading raiser,a "Hassaymper's Evening", was held on January 15, a group in Tempe and active organizations in Tucson, Phoenix 1907, at the opera house. With Governor GO

The job became Ms. Hall's when new President Wil­ liam Howard Taft appointed a new Territorial Governor, Richard E. Sloan, from Prescott. Almost immediately after her appointment she set out to travel the territory to add to her collection of history and artifacts about the Arizona Territory. In 1910 she traveled to the Little Colorado Black Falls area in company of archeologists; then the Arizona Strip north of the Grand Canyon, fording the Colorado River at Lee's Ferry; back to Flagstaff; to Cameron to visit the Hubbels. She visited Show Low, Pinetop, Fort Apache, and then to Phoenix for the opening of the Territorial Legislature of October 10th. The majority of the trips were made by wagon or on horseback which would tax the strength of healthy women, but Sharlot had to deal with a back, that gave her pain most of the time.

1910 was a banner year for Sharlot Cactus and Pine was published on November 30, 1910. This made Adeline very happy. It was for her mother that Sharlot bad completed the book for publication.

Her travels around the state continued in 1911, but the admission of Arizona as a state brought a new governor and new political appointments. George W.P. Hunt as governor , Mulford Winsor a,ppoint~ 1'erritorial Historian and Sharlot Hall was otit of a job.-- --

Adeline Hall, her anchor at Orchard Ranch, died on August 14, 1912, which seemed to drive the heart out of her for awhile. From the time of Adeline's death until around 1917 to 1918 Sbarlot suffered ill health and a kind of depres­ sion that affected many pioneer women. Tied at the ranch to care for her father whose mind was coming unraveled, she produced no work.

Although she probably knew nothing of it at the time, on March 8, 1917, Governor Campbell signed a bill to purchase the Governor's Mansion in Prescott to become a museum, this 10 years after the first "HassaympersEvening". The actual museum would not come to fruition until June 6, 1927, when the City of Prescott gave Sbarlot Hall a five year lease on the mansion and surrounding grounds. In turn she ANGELA HUTCIIlNSON HAMMER BORN: November 30, 1870 IN: Virginia City, Nevada FATHER: unknown MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: 1883 - Picket Post, AZ HUSBAND: J.S. Hammer MARRIED: April 4, 1896 CHU.OREN: William, Marvin RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown

AngelaHutchinsonHammerwasadaugherofthewest. Born in Virginia City, Nevada, one of the famous mining towns of the west, she traveled to Arizona with her three sisters at the age of thirteen. Their father, a mine construction engineer, met the train and took them to the family home in Picket Post, Arizona. His profession moved the family around Arizona to many of the small mining towns including Wickenburg and Silver King.

By 1889, Angela had received her teaching certificate from the Clara Evans Teachers Training College in Phoenix, and in the following years taught school in Wickenburg and Gila Bend. She first got printer's ink in her blood when she took a job as a typesetter and proofreader for The Phoenix Gazette and The Arizona Republican a forerunner of The Angela Hutchinson Hammer Arizona Republic. Later writing of her expriences in jour­ nalism, Angelarecalled, Liked typesetting. When I learned to set type on the early-day newspapers I had no idea that I would ever become so identified with the Fourth Estate and Forming a partnership with Ted Healy to publish the publish newspapers of my own, but from that one little Casa Grande Bulletin, Angela moved her printing plant to excursion out of my chosen profession of school teaching, I Casa Grande in 1912. The partnership was not longlasting got into something I have never been able to get out of. because each took opposite sides in the bitter water reclama­ tion dispute in the Casa Grande Valley. A woman of Her marriage to J. S. Hammer lasted only eight years, principle, Angela, according to a newspaper account, moved but gave her three sons before their divorce in 1904. The her printing equipment out of the newspaper building during divorce created a need for income, and in 1905 Angela the night of December 23, 1913. When Mr. Healy came to purchased the Wickenburg Miner for $500 from Harriet work the next morning all he found was his desk. An Wilson, sold it to Eli S. Perkins in 1905, then bought it back aggressive, honest reporter, Mrs. Hammer founded the Casa in 1906. The beginning made the investment look like a Grande Dispatch on January 1, 1914. For the next ten years mistake, but after a year and a half Mrs. Hammer had turned Mr. Healy and Mrs. Hammer clashed over politics and water it around and was able to support the family. issues.

She established a chain of small newspapers serving the Mrs. Hammer and her sons William and Marvin bought communities around Wickenburg between 1908 and 1910. theMessengerin Phoenix in 1926andpublishedituntil 1937. To facilitate the production, a printing plant was established They sold the newspaper in 1937, retaining the printing plant in Congress Junction. These first newspapers were the run by her sons. Messenger Printing became a part of Wickenburg Miner, Swansea Times, Wenden News, Bouse Phoenix history in printing. She was respected by journalists Hearld and Aguila's Eagle's Eye. She said nothing quite throughout the state and honored by many. Mrs. Hammer came up to her newspaper days in the mining camps. Here she died April 9, 1952 at the age of 81. was able to throw herself into every phase of the enterprise from the exploration of the mines themselves to interviews with prominent mining engineers and eastern capitalists. ABBIE 0. HOWE HASKINS MAJE BARTLETT HEARD BORN: unknown BORN: June 11, 1868 IN: ones County, Iowa IN: Chicago, Illinois FATHER: Thomas Howe FATHER: Adolphus Clay Bartlett MOTHER: Charlotte Spaulding Canfield MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: Tucson CAME TO ARIZONA: 1895 - Phoenix HUSBAND: Mr. Haskins (deceased) HUSBAND: Dwight B. Heard MARRIED: Medeapolis, Iowa MARRIED: August 10, 1893 CHILDREN: Charlotte L. Haskins Stanton CHILDREN: unknown RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown

The women of Arizona would not have had the right to To describe the impact had on vote in 1912, long before other women in the United States, Arizona, and Phoenix in particular, is almost impossible. were it not for women like Abbie Howe Haskins. Born and Perhaps her caring personality developed after the death of educated in Iowa, the Haskins came to Tucson, Arizona after her mother when she was fourteen and she assumed the their marriage in Medeapolis, Iowa. responsibility of her three younger brothers and sisters and caring for the house. Abbie organized the first Suffrage Oubin Pima County. This club, through the efforts of a few, succeeded in develop­ Maie met her future husband on a trip to Paris, and they ing and crystallizing the suffrage sentiment that fmally lead were married on August 10, 1893. Dwight developed a to success in November 1912. Pima County polled a large serious chest ailment in 1895 and was advised by his doctors majority for equal suffrage and the credit must go to Mrs. to seek a warmer climate. So the young Heards loaded a Haskins and her associates. wagon and headed for the Pacific coast Fortunately for Arizona, when they reached Phoenix they decided to stay. She was also actively associated with the work of the Mr. Heard regained his health, buying and publishing The W.T.C.U.in Arizona. When the W.T.C.U.conventions were Arizona Republican until his death in 1929. held in Tucson, Mrs. Haskins always attended to the detail work of the conventions. Maie lived another 30 years and in that time she was a circulating librarian fording the Salt River on horseback to take books to ranch children; donated money to build a gymnasium at the YWCA, founding the Welfare League; working with Phoenix Little Theatre; donating land for the Phoenix Civic Center; many projects for youth; and the most important culturally established the Heard Museum.

That Mrs. Heard would be a collector of art and endow an art museum was natural, since her father Adolphus Clay Bartlett was a trustee and benefactor of the Chicago Art Insti~ute. The Heards started collecting Pima baskets after settling in Phoenix. At this time Indian art, baskets, pottery and other artifacts were not even given a glance by other collectors. When the collection outgrew the house, the Heard's built and endowed the Heard Museum. Dwight died just months before it was opened.

To retire from civic and cultural work would have been natural after Dwight's death, but she continued until her death, leaving a legacy we all enjoy today. JOSEPHINE BRAWLEY HUGHES invited to present the suffrage cause, and an entire afternoon BORN: unknown session was devoted to the discussion. After being denied, IN: Meadville, Pennsylvania the two began a personal campaign, organizing suffrage FATHER: unknown clubs in every county in Arizona, which resulted in the MOTHER: unknown question of woman's right to the ballot becoming a living CAME TO ARIZONA: 1872 Tucson and dominant issue in every succeeding legislature. Mrs. HUSBAND: L. C. Hughes Hughes is sometimes called the "Mother of Arizona" MARRIED: July 1868 CHILDREN: Josephine, Gertrude, John T. The record shows the bill passed the Council in 1891, RELATIVES IN WARS: unknown and was defeated in the Assembly; in 1893 it passed the House and was defeated in Council, this happened again in The third American woman to move permanently to 1895 and 1897 and 1899. In 1901 the Bill passed both. Tucson, in 1872, displayed the guts and grit characteristics of houses but was vetoed by Governor Brodie. The veto was the pioneer women who preceded her. The trip to join her a shock to advocates, and caused them to change their husband, governor of the territory, was by train to San tactics to one of quiet educational work. Francisco, steamer to San Diego and stage coach to Tucson. The 500 mile stage coach trip, with her child in arms, was made in 5 days, stopping only to change horses. At the time the Apaches were raiding, making the stage trip hazardous and stressful.

A teacher in Pennsylvania, Mrs. Hughes became the ADAEKEY JONES first woman public school teacher in Tucson, and established BORN: October 14, 1871 a school for girls in 1873. In 1875 Josephine was appointed IN: Joliet, Illinois Commissioner from Arizona to the Woman's Department of FATHER: Robert EKey the Centennial Exposition held in 1876. Taking her family, MOTHER: Mary McCullough EKey Mrs. Hughes again ran the Apache gauntlet to repeat her trip CAME TO ARIZONA: 1884 and represent Arizona HUSBAND: George Jones MARRIED: 1898 A woman of indomitable spirit, she led a group of CHILDREN: Charles Jones American ladies in 1877 to raise money to build the first Protestant (Presbyterian) Church in Arizona With the arrival Ada EKey Jones, life was a series of firsts after she of Reverend George Adams, Methodist Missionary, shortly moved to Arizona: attending the first public school in thereafter, Mrs. Hughes led the fund raising to build the brick Nogales, in 1886; attending the first Congregational Church, church at the corner of Pennington Street and Adams in Nogales' first church, in 1886; one of the first school Tucson. teachers; one the first members of the Pimeria Alta Histori­ cal Society; was nominated by both the Republican and It was in this church Frances Willard organized the Democratic parties for public office. temperance forces of the W.T.C.U. in Arizona It was said Ada came to the Santa Cruz River Valley with her that she used her husband's influence as a newspaper pub­ parents in 1884 from California and Nevada The EKeys lisher to push her temperance and feminist views. Thosewbo settled on a small ranch near Nogales. Their first home was wished to be unkind accused her of setting the editorial a two room adobe house with a brush roof, the windows policies of his newspaper. Josphine Hughes served as presi­ boarded up to protect them from the Indians. dent for several years, during which she discovered the power of the ballot in legislation in the passing of the Sunday Rest Studying to be a school teacher, Ada and ber father Bill by the legislature. After the passage of this Bill, she traveled to Tucson so she could take the examination in a retired from the W.T.C.U. to take up the Suffrage cause, judge's court. Passing the exam, Ada became one of the saying "let us secure the vote for women first, then the victory early teachers in the Nogales area beginning in the Stone for home and temperance will soon follow." House School a few miles up the Santa Cruz River, towards Mexico. The school, built in 1891. bad a dirst floor and port General William Herring, father of Sarah Herring Sorin, boles for window, providing defense against Indians raids led a strong fight at the 1891 Constitutional Convention to but making a dark school. Later.teaching in Nogales, incorporate an Equal Rights provision. Mrs. Hughes and Abelardo Rodriguez, who became govenor of Sonora and Mrs. Laura Johns of Kansas, a national organizer, were president Mexico, was one of her students.

25 The McCiatchies moved to Tucson in 1898 when her The EKey' s moved to Nogales in 1893 when her father husband was appointed to the faculty of the University of built a home at Crawford and West Streets. Ada lived in this Arizona They moved to Phoenix in 1899. After the success­ house until her death in 1960. She married George Jones in ful launch of the Phoenix Women's Club in 1901 she began 1898. to organize and plan the forming of the Arizona Federation of Women's clubs. In Margaret Wheeler Ross's, The Tale is Mrs. Jones was a spectator of the Battle of Nogales on Told she said .. March 13, 1913, watching with binoculars the battle between Constitutionalists and the Federalists after the assassination . going back to the germ ofthe organization, I hod from of Mexico's President Francisco Madero. One stray bullet the beginning of my knowledge of federation work, been imbed~ed itself in thlhouse, where she pulled it out for a deeply impressed with its great potentialities - both direct, souvemr. and indirect. The direct being the more significant; for while promotion of civic, social and educational interest is, in A civic activitist, Mrs. Jones served six years as County general the chief aim of club and federation work, the ,rwst Recorder, was achartermemberof the PimeriaAltaHistorical far-reaching benefits accruing from it all, I believe to be the Society, and Nogales Womens Club. AdaEKey Jones died larger development of woman, herself, with all that that at 88, always active in community and cultural life of the implies for the race. So, quite naturally, after founding the town she loved. Phoenix club, my thoughts tu med to uniting our work with the club forces ofthe territory, that we might be in a position to meet the urgent cultural demands ofour fast-growing region, and through this work attain to larger life for ourselves.

The General Federation Biennial was being held in Los Angeles in April 1902, so Anna pushed ahead to unite the women's clubs in Arizona into a State Federation, which ANNA D. MCCLATCHIE resulted in Arizona being represented in Los Angeles by BORN: representatives of seven federated clubs; The Wornan' s Club, IN: Oakdale, Illinois Bisbee; The Ladies Village Improvement Club, Florence; FATHER: The Monday Club, Prescott; The Friday Club, Phoenix, The MOTHER: Woman's Club, Tucson; The Sahuaro Club, Safford; The CAME TO ARIZONA: 1898 Tucson Woman's Club, Phoenix. HUSBAND: Alfred J. McClatchie MARRIED: Anna McClatchie's active participation in Arizona CHILDREN: Stanley; daughter died when infant club work closed in late 1902 when she returned to Los RELATIVES IN WARS: Angeles to nurse her son through a prolonged illness. After her husband's death in 1906 she continued his work in Anna McClatchie is an example of the well-educated agriculture and horitculture in Montebello, California, im­ women that moved to Arizona with their families and made proving and developing strains of berries flowers and garden such a difference in the social and cultural environment of the produce. In 1917 she joined her son at Harvard, doing office state. Born in Illinois, Mrs. McClatchie's family moved to work. In 1922, she joined her son in Germany at Leipzig Los Angeles, California. where she grew up and was educated, University and became fluent in German to work in her son's graduating from the Normal School of Southern California business. which became the University of California at Los Angeles. Anna taught for six years before her marriage to Alfred J. After her son's marriage in 1922 Mrs. McCiatchie McCiatchie, a professor of biology. spent the next four years traveling in Europe. Returning to California in 1926 she became active in associations for the After their marriage the McClatchies moved to Pasadena hard of hearing, serving on many boards and editing one of where she assisted her husband in bacteriological research, their publications. In June 1935, the fiftieth anniversary of the study of marine and fresh-water algae; and in general her graduation, she was honored by the University of laboratory work at the Throop Polytechnic Institute. Mrs. California at Los Angeles for her accomplishments. McClatchie's works in fresh-water algae were published. It was during this time that she became interested in the devel­ opment of women's clubs as she moved around southern California giving talks about her work.

26 FRANCES LILLIAN WILLARD MUNOS BORN: June 10, 1866 IN: Franklin, California FATHER: John Willard MOTHER: Mary Grace Vineyard Willard CAME TO ARIZONA: 1885 Prescott MARRIED: March 5, 1890 HUSBAND: John L. Munds CHILDREN: William, Sallie Grace and Mary Frances

The granddaughter of pioneer explorers and legislators, Frances Lillian Williard Munds was well suited to pioneer Mrs. Munds served the two year term and then ran for Arizona life. Born in California, Lillian spent her childhood Secretary of State in 1918, where she was defeated. She years in Nevada where schools were virtually nonexistent retired from public life after this, but Frances Lillian Willard One of her earliest memories was being at a children's party Munds had left a legacy for the women of Arizona. and when asked to make a wish she wished to be sent to school. Years later the wish was granted when she was sent with her sister and brother-in-law to Pittsfield, Maine, which was the teaching school for Bates College.

She was 19 when she joined the Willard family in Prescott and began to teach in the Yavapai County Schools. Possibly because of the heritage of her family and the influences of the educational environment in the east when she arrived in Arizona, Frances was already involved with the suffrage campaign. In 1890, at the time of her marriage to John L. Munds, she was leading the campaign in Northern Arizona as secretary of the state suffrage organization.

She was one of the three women who attended the legislature and worked for the passage of the Suffrage Bill in 1903, when it was passed by both houses of the territorial legislature, but was vetoed by Governor Brodie. However this was only a temporary set back. The forces organized a State Central Committee with Mrs. Munds as chair. The entire cost of the campaign was $2200.00, which she raised personally. Mrs. Munds appeared before every territorial legislature until victory was achieved in 1912, when Arizona became a state. She received many telegrams of congratula­ tions, but the two she treasured most were from her husband and son, who had always supported her work.

In 1913 she represented Arizona at the International Women's Suffrage Alliance in Budapest In 1914, she represented Yavapai County as senator to the new state legislature. Mrs. Munds described her feelings about women and women's rights in the Apri 1915, The Woman's Jouma:

... I want the women to realize that they will have to make a concerted demand for the things they want, and not merely present a bill and ask someone to put it through for them. I want them to get into the battle themselves.

27 ELIZABETH HUDSON SMITH EFFIE ANDERSON SMITH BORN: October 3, 1869 BORN: September 29, 1955 IN: Alabama IN: Hope, Arlcansas FATHER: unknown FATHER: unknown MOTHER: unknown MOTHER: Adelia Anderson CAME TO ARIZONA: CAME TO ARIZONA: 1892 MARRIED: unknown HUSBAND: Andrew Young Smith HUSBAND: William H. Smith MARRIED: unknown CHILDREN: Lewis, Janet Anadel - died at 7 months Fiction and reality become mixed in the history of Elizabeth Hudson Smith, a hotel owner in Wickenburg in the early 1900' s. A black woman in business was unusual in that Poor health was one of the many reasons pioneers era, but Mrs. Smith ran an excellent hotel and restaurant and came to Arizona. Adelia Anderson's, poor health was the reason Effie Anderson acompanied her mother to Arizona in was well regarded. 1892. After her mothers death the same year she remained in Arizona A woman of style, Effie met and married mining The December 22, 1961 the Wickenburg newspaper engineer Andrew Young Smith in 1895. ran the following story aboutMrs. Smith: Mrs. EliwbethSmith was a graduate of Northwestern Univrsity in Evanston, Following A. Y. to the mining camp of Pearce, Illinois. Her husband George, was the personal valet to where he was president of the Commonwealth Mining, George Pullman, head of the Pullman Car Company. Mr. Milling and Development Company, Effie painted to keep Pullman made trips to Phoenix and to Castle Hot Springs for busy. Their home was a center for entertaining in Pearce. health reasons, always accompanied by his valet. After the death of her daughter in April, 1907, she enrolled in the Los Angeles Institute of Art to study art and paint On one ofthose trips Mrs. Smith also came along. That professionally. An impressionist, with a wonderful sense of color, Effie interpreted the western land with rich colors. In was how Mrs. Smith was introduced to Arizona. On one of later years, when the mines had flooded and the Smith's those trips Mrs. Smith told Mr. Pullman that she would like economic fortunes had diminshed, Effie supported the family to stay in Arizona and go into business. Wickenburg seemed selling her paintings. Larger canvas', sold for $1,500and the a likely place and Mr. Pullman financed Mrs. Smith in her smaller ones in the $250 - $500 dollar range. first venture-a hotel and restaurant in a wooden building on Center Street." In the years following her husband's death she moved with her son, also a mining engineer, to various Around 1911 railroad officials approached Elizabeth mining camps recording the Arizona scenes along the way. with the suggestion that she build a new hotel on Railroad During these years Effie had exhibits at the Corcoran Gallery Street, so that train passengers could be fed during stops. in Washington D.C. and with the help of Phelps Dodge Successful in her hotel operations, she accepted the sugges­ executive P.G. Beckett she also had a show in New York. tion and built a two-story brick building and called it the A convserationist and feminis, Mrs. Smith lectured Hassayampa Hotel. Soon after, her husband retired and and worked with children to teach them a respect for the land opened a saloon in a comer of the hotel. The combination of they lived in. She considered the southwest desert one of the hotel, restaurant and saloon made the Hassayampa the gath­ first "art centers" in America Effie considered the blankets, ering place in Wickenburg. baskets and potters of ancient native American women as artistic as any modern painter of that time. Well-educated, Elizabeth could read, write and speak French fluently and it was said that she was a graduate of Moving to Douglas in the late 1930's, she "lived Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Research has and painted at the Gadsen Hotel...doing some of her finest not found proof of this, but she did start french classes in work during that period". Effie gave classes and impetus to Wickenburg. The classes were so popular that a group of the founding of the Douglas Art Association, influencing women from Phoenix would take the trip to Wickenburg once many of its artists. Prescott and the Pioneers Home was where she spent her later years, contining to paint until her a week on the Santa Fe to study with her. Other cultural death April 21, 1955. contributions Elizabeth Smith made to Wickenburg were free live dramas and movies in the backyard of her hotel. There wasadramacompanyin Wickenburg by 1909, and she made sure they had a place to perform. Whether Elizabeth Hudson Smith was or was not a college graduate is not important. She was a black woman successful in business and a contributor to the social and cultural climate in Wickenburg. SARA HERRING SORIN BORN: January 15, 1861 IN: New York City FATHER: William Herring MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: 1881 HUSBAND: Thomas Sorin MARRIED: 1893 CHILDREn: unknown

Sarah Hening Sorin's career was a series of firsts. Born, raised and educated in New York, Sarah came west with her family in 1881. She had already received her teaching certificate. She taught for several years, the first woman teacher in Tombstone, and was later the first woman principal in Tombstone.

When Sarah began her law career she studied first in her father's law office in Tombstone, then returned to New York City to go to Law School. She was admitted to the Bar in Arizona in 1902, the first woman to practice law in the Territory of Arizona. The Herrings developed a successful mining law practice and eventually moved their office to Tucson.

Sarah married Thomas Sorin, a prominent mining man, after the close of the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, 1893. Mr. Sorin had represented Arizona as one of the commission­ ers replacing L. C. Hughes, who had been appointed governor of the territory.

Her appointment to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States was a point of pride to her father and the territory. The Washington, April 16, 1912, paper reported :Sarah Herring Sorin

The unusual spectacle ofafathermovingfortheadmis­ sionofhis daughter to practice before the Supreme Court was witnessed in that court today when CoL William Herrig, of Tucson, Arizona, made such a motion on behalf of his daughter, Sarah Herring Sorin. Mrs. Sorin makes the twenty­ fifth woman to be admitted to practice before the Supreme Court.

The twenty-fifth woman admitted, she was the first to appear before the supreme court and win her case. Regarded as an authority in mining law, Sarah represented Phelps­ Dodge in the case of the Big Johnny Mine. Living in Globe, Sarah built up a large practice before the local, state and federal courts, gaining a reputation as a learned, able and reliable attorney.

Sarah Sorin loved the outdoors and was an expert Sarah, amazingly enough was an opponent of sufferage for horsewoman. She interested herself in community efforts in women. Perhaps it was her success that made her unable to Globe that she felt were right and good. With all her success, relate to the problems of her Arizona sisters.

29 JANE CATHERINE HEREFORD TRITLE BORN: May 30, 1840 IN: Independence or Springfield, Missouri FATHER: Dr. Francis H. Hereford MOTHER: Sarah C.S. Foote CAME TO ARIZONA: 1880 HUSBAND: Frederick Augustus Tritle MARRIED: 1859, Sacramento, California CHil.,DREN: Jane Catherine, Frank Hereford, Frederick Augustus, Jr., John Stewart, Harry Russell

Katherine Jane "Jenny" Tritle, daughter of a distin­ guished American family, (her father practiced law with Abraham Lincoln), was an asset from the time she and her husband arrived in Arizona in 1880. Mr. Tritle was in the mining business as many of the first business leaders were, and so for a time the Tritles lived in the southern part of Arizona.

Descended from an influencial family, it was said that Jenny, with her style, grace, and family connections, was a factor in the appointment of her husband as governor. With his appointment in 1882, the Tritles moved to the Terriorial capitol of Prescott Extremely popular in Prescott. Mrs. Tritle used her education and influence to further the cause of women by organizing the Prescott History Club, was the first President of the Prescott Women's Club (Monday Club), opened a library in her home for public use under the leadership of the Monday Club and formed and led a women's sufferage group. Sure enough of her own position, Mrs. Tritle was a kind, sharing woman that was an asset for her city and for the territory. THE LADIES OF THE CLUBS

31 The Ladies of the Clubs

Four hundred years before Christ Apasia of Greece organized a club for the intellectual improvement of women, Dorcas of Joppa gathered women of her community together to make garments for the poor, the first example of Ladies' Aid Societies all over the civilized world.

Anne Bradstreet, wife of the Governor of the Puritan Colony, came to America in 1630. Under the primitive conditions Ann raised eight children, tended her house and wrote poetry. It was said that her verse showed an assertion of a woman's right to thought and action, radical thinking in 1630. The Puritan fathers banished Anne from the colony, on a charge of sedition, when she organized a club for the discussion of polemic and religious questions. Anne's courage produced little result For more than a hundred years little more than charity or sewing societies were formed.

Around 1818 in Boston, always a center for learning, Hannah Adams organized a literary society. "The Gleaners" was also organized in Boston around this time. The membership was all single women whose discussion subject was centered on finding a husband. The club disbanded when all the members had found husbands.

From this point on club work flourished in New England and the Mid-West The Ladies Educational Association was organized in 1839, in Jacksonville, Illinois. Oberlin, Ohio claims the first "ladies" organization between 1836 and 1840. The Ladies Library Association of Kalamazoo, Michigan was formed in 1852. This active group of women maintained and supported the first library built by women.

The Ladies Library Association of Kalamazoo started a trend. In 1854 the "ladies" of Randolph, Massachusetts, followed suit, and a Ladies Library Association was formed there. While ladies were not encouraged to form groups for educational or social discussions, coming together to do good for the community by forming a Library Association was acceptable.

The actual women's club movement came to the fore in 1868. Mrs. David G. Croly, (Jennie June) brought twelve friends together to form the Sorosis. The same year women in Boston founded the New England Woman's Club with Caroline M. Severance as it president. It is these two clubs that laid the foundation for modern day women's clubs whose influence for community betterment is immeasurable.

The stagecoach day in Arizona created lonely, and isolated women. Therefore, it was natural for them to associate for communion and fellowship, even before the woman's club movement had reached the southwest Most were purely social or cultural, not deeply involved with community welfare. Club leaders wrote long articles on high-sounding and abstract subjects. These papers were taken from encyclopedias, and reference books. The woman with the nose for research was in the heyday of popularity. That women even made the attempt amazes, for domestic help was scarce and household conveniences entirely lacking.

As the club movement progressed in the state the lack oflibrary facilities always seemed to be the spark that focused the clubs. In Arizona this time, 1889-1890, Andrew Carnegie began offering matching funds for communities without public libraries. The women of the Territory were quick to see their opportunity and make the best of it. The majority of pioneer public libraries that we see in the state of Arizona today are the result of these hardworking Pioneer Arizona Women and Andrew Carnegie. THE PRESCOTT HISTORY CLUB THE PRESCOTT CHAUTAUQUA CffiCLE 1891 1892

Prescott, Arizona was fortunate when F.A. Tritle In the spring of 1892, in Prescott a club was formed was made governor and came to Prescott with this wife to study the Chautauqua Course. The Chautauqua was a Jennie. The Tritles had lived for a short time in the Bisbee study course developed in the east that encouraged people to come togethe rfor discussion. By following the prescribed I area where Mr. Tritle was involved in mining. In 1890 course members in the west kept up with the interests and President Chester A. Arthur appointed him governor of the issues being discussed by fellow members in the east. Territory. Mrs. Tritle was a well educated and gracious lady who had been involved in club work in the east. The Prescott Chautauqua Circle also assigned a portion of each meeting to the discussion of current events. The Herndons arrived in Prescott from Seligman Organized by Mrs. Foote, Mrs. Tritle served as president of by stagecoach in 1883, having come from Missouri by train this group. with their black housekeeper Tillie. Guards protected them enroute in case of any Indian scare. Many small study groups were formed not to be selective, but to accomdate the small size of homes at that time, five to six The combination these two ladies was the catalyst members were all that was possible without going to meet at that was needed to form the first club in Prescott. The Prescott a church or other social hall. History Study Club was formed at a dinner party in 1891 at a dinner party at the home of Mrs. J. S. Herndon. This club would evolve into the Monday Club of Prescott.

The original members were Mrs. F. A. Tritle, Mrs. Burmister, Mrs. Hugo Richards, Mrs. J.C. Herndon, and Mrs. Florence Wilson, mother of Mrs. Herndon. The club met at Mrs. Wilson's house each week until her death in 1900. Mrs. Tritle, wife of the territorial governor, was urged to serve as the president. As the wife of an appointed official Mrs. Tritle felt that serving as president would be in poor taste and the president should be someone local.

The club studied history of the different nations, wrote papers on historical characters, read commented, and criticized contemporary poems. Mrs. Herndon said,

we had pleasure, profit and much interest for nine years, for the end of that time, in 1900 my nwther passed away. We had only the five members, and were most congenial and gained a great deal. We studied seriously, and we also talked over the different ideas that suggested them­ selves to us in our research. There was not much to it, but I always felt that it was a fine beginning to club work in Prescott.

Members of this group formed the nucleus of the first officially organized woman's club in the Territory. THE PRESCOTI WOMAN'S CLUB ORGANIZED AUGUST 19, 1895 THE SHAKESPEARE READING CIRCLE, FLAG­ THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF PRESCOTI, ARIZONA STAFF 1896-1897 1892 This club was the first to issue a year book. From this small publication is the following program lhal was Books were few and far between on the frontier. presented on October 5, 1896. All the discussion leaders Many started with books when they left the east but they were were pioneer women of stature. discarded along the way when loads got lO heavy. "Early in 1892 a silver-tongued book salesman arrived in Flagstaff. He CURRENT EVENTS represented the publishing house of Peter Fenelon Collier, of New York City." (Ross) Although the books were large, 1. European Countries and their Colonies: Jennie H. Tritle. heavy and of poor quality, the salesman found Flagstaff to be 2. The Americas; China and Japan: Harriett V. Vickers. a book-starVed town. Many sets were sold and many of these 3. Rome lO the Establishment of the Republic: Jeannette were sets of Shakespeare and "this resulted in the organiza­ Levy. tion of a Shakespeare reading circle." (Ross) Leader of Discussion: Mary Hepburn Hall. 4. The Punic Wars: Mary B. Sloan. Like most early reading or study groups it was Leader of Discussion Pamely L. Otis. informally organized with spirit replacing formality. It Reading: "Horatius at the Bridge", Maud flourished for a time but since most of the members were Scarborough. young marrieds the stork pul an end to the group temporarily as new babies arrived and child-rearing replacedduties re­ All this for one afternoon. placed time to read. "Mrs. L. E. Hark of Sedona reports that when she joined the club in 1904 it was well-organized, had a constitution and by-laws, and the usual officers whose terms were a year. It was limited lO twenty members because the houses were small, and they could accommodate not more." (Ross) In 1944 the club was still operating, an THE SAFFORD IMPROVEMENT CLUB, 1896 outstanding organization, contributing to the cultural devel­ THE SAHUARA CLUB (SAFFORD), 1901 opment of the community. THE SAFFORD WOMAN'S CLUB, 1913

Nineteenth Century Safford was a small adobe village. Barter and exchange was the orderofthe day in business transactions because cash was not plentiful. A ministers's salary was paid in produce, eggs, butter and an occasional animal. Donation THE TUCSON LITERARY SOCIETY parties stocked the larder when money was not forthcoming. 1894 The Safford Improvement Club was formed in 1896 with The Tucson Literary Society developed into the putting streets and the front and back yards of homes in order Current Events Club, which was a branch of the Tucson its focus. The spirit of progress was in the air. The Sahuara Woman's Club. Organized in 1894 as a literary society with Club was formed to bring culture to the womanhood of lhe twelve members, it became the Current Events Club in 1898. community. Helen (Mrs. S.W.) French was the recording secretary. The establishment of a library in Tucson was lhe prime objective of lhe Society. It came lO fruition for the A running review of American Literature considered by Tucson Woman's Club reported in 1902 al lhe biennial authors was the first year's work. The Bay View Course of convention of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, study was later adopted. Each member contributed one book, held in Los Angeles in April, 1902, that "the club now and some several, by the end of the first year the club had occupied comfortable quarters in the new Carnegie Library more than 100 volumes and a growing ambition for a public building. library.

34 THE MONDAY CLUB OF PRESCOTT THE FRIDAY CLUB OF PHOENIX 1895 1897

There will always be discussion about the oldest Organized in 1897, the Friday Club was feder­ formally organized club in some states, but since the records ated by the National Organization of Women's Clubs in of the Monday Club have been careflly preserved since its 1901. The initial number of members was 13 with a organization in the summer of 1895 thereis no doubt in limit of 16 members. This limit was set not to make the Arizona club exclusive, but to make allowance for the small size of the member's homes which could not hold larger The beginning was auspicious when in the summer groups. It was the first woman's club in Phoenix with of 1895 May Wright Sewall brought her invalid husband to a recorded history. Prescott for his health. Mrs. Pamela Otis and others of the Chatauqua Circle visited her and ask if she would give a talk Mrs. W. K. James, a charter member, wrote in to the women of Prescott. At the time Mrs. Sewall was a 1913, "it is most unusual for so small a organization as member of the American Woman's Suffrage Association, ours, held together only by mutual interest in study to Vice-PresidentatlargeofthelnternationalCouucilofWomen; maintain it being, and it enthusiasm and do good work ex-president of the National Council ofW ome:n of the United for so long with need of re-organization or material States; delegate to the Universal Congress of Women, at Paris change of plan, ... several times we have had and had traveled in France, Italy, Germany, Belgium and members ... ready to remold us to their heart's desire." Switzerland for the Congress of Representative Women for the Columbian Exposition, an exciting speaker for women in With the exception of the Monday Club of a town the size of Prescott Her speech that afternoon was on Prescott, the Friday Club is the oldest continuously "Women's Clubs of the World". Though over the head of operating club in the State. Along with other groups in many of her listeners it was a very exciting 1ime and awaka the state, The Friday Club initiated the Phoenix Public ened a desire for a club. Library by matching funds with the Carnegie Founda­ tion. This building is still standing in Phoenix and has After a second lecture by Mrs. Sewell, a discussion been designated the Arizona Women's Hall of Fame. followed and the first woman's club in Arizona was born. Originally called the Prescott Woman's Club with Mrs. Henry Goldwater as chair, the second year the name was changed to the Monday Club. Reason, because many thought Woman's Club was toradicalandsuggestive of a suffrage club. THE HARMONY CLUB OF PHOENIX, 1898 The new club had thirty members and a cross section of religious beliefs. The first presi ◄ 1ent was Jennie The Harmony Club was organized in 1898 and Tritle. The accomplishemnts of the club were many, starting federated in 1905. Originally composed of30 members, the with a library with books from their own homes. Then raising object of the club was social activities, music and philanthropy. $4,000 dollars to match funds with the Came:gie Foundation. They then decorated school walls with works of art; planted Founded on a philanthropic basis, the club in the beginning trees in school yards; began a domestic science (home eco­ was a clearing-house for the charity problems of the city nomics) and manual arts (shop training) in the schools. The which were not cared for by regularly organized institutions school projects the club women paid for the first years until of which there were few in 1898. Many poor people of that the school could take over the costs. Tthe Monday Club was day were cheered and comforted by the sympathetic women not only the oldest, but also very progressive. of this club. The name was chosen when it was in the making because of the friendly and harmounious spirit that pervaded its meetings. NOTE: The earlier clubs were informal groups that met to study together. This larger group was formed as a womens club including many women in town and took a broader look at social and community issues.

5 BISBEE WOMAN'S CLUB, 1900 from Mother Goose nursery rhymes. To raise some money In 1900 Arizona was a territory, the Apache still they gave an art exhibit, for which Miss Grace Dodge sent roamed free and Bisbee was a small mining town. It was $100.00. When the new Central school was completed the a man's country and a man's town, saloons and gambling kindergarten was also complete in every way and was named hall's lined the Main Street A library built by the Copper the 'Grace Dodge Kindergarten', October 3, 1905." Queen Company and a couple of churches were all that offered any outlet for the social or intellectual contact that Framed copies of good pictures were placed in all the women desired. school rooms and in 1906 the club raised funds to equip rooms The women of the community realized, that in a for domestic science and manual training in the high school. town isolated from theaters and concert halls, to keep alive intellectually and have a social life like they had enjoyed in Through club members efforts a water trough was the east, they must do it themselves. The women of Bisbee built in Tombstone Canyon below the courthouse site to water knew they wanted more than the town could offer and set animals. Among their other good deeds was the campaign to out to do something about it. have the city jail cleaned and kept clean. "They endured a good deal of ridicule and good-natured jesting but the jail was Twenty women attended the first meeting in Li­ cleaned and kept clean, as the city fathers never knew when a brary Hall October 24, 1900. Mrs. Stuart W. French was group of club women would arrive at the jail to inspect it's elected President and Mrs. Claud Smallwood vice president condition." (Ross) The name Bisbee Woman's Club was selected, a club pledge was copied from the Chicago Woman's Club, When the city fathers decided to pave the main street, constitution was drawn up," Article II states, 'the object of the club members wrote a letter to the city council asking that this club shall be for intellectual and social advancement'." one side of the street be reserved for a walk for women. Since Article III, "The work of this club shall be divided into four the streets were lined with saloons, they could walk along one departments, vis.: Literary, Educational, Current Events side of the street without dodging tobacco spit. and Social, with a chairman in charge of each department. Standing committees were House, Reception, Civics, Music and Press."

While the Bisbee Women's club was not the first to form they were the first to have a clubhouse of their own. THE WINSLOW LITERARY CLUB A fund raising campaign was begun in 1901 and continued 1899 until the fund totaled $2,500. The wives of the directors of The Copper Queen and the Calumet and Arizona were Literary study was the object of the Winslow Literary interested in the efforts of women trying to improve the club when it was organized in 1899 and federated in 1903. It conditions of the town and the women of the town. "Mrs. had only a ten year history, which was good for the transient Willis D. James and Mrs. Briggs visited the club and when population of a pioneer railroad town. The president was they returned to New York each sent $100.00 for the Mrs. Julius Krentz, and the Corresponding Secretary was building fund." Mrs. C. H. Brownell, who later became president. Mrs. Brownell was an outstanding club woman and credited with The building, designed by Perkins, Holden & the life of the club. Hearst, was completed in the fall of 1903. The completed The last report the club made to the State convention price was $2,805.95. The remaining debt was quickly paid of women's clubs was 1909 by president Mrs. A. E. Gillard. off by giving a variety of socials, bake sales and card In 1922 A new woman's club was organized by Mrs. Elmer parties. Most of the furnishings were donated by the E. Friday and remains alive today. members and wives of the Copper Queen directors.

A few of the accomplishments of the club are: First they campaigned for a kindergarten in the school system. When the school district built a kindergarten the club members raised money to buy a piano and furniture for the classroom. "They also wished the upper sections of the windows to be stained glass, the designs depicting scenes

36 THE PHOENIX WOMAN'S CLUB SELF CULTURE CLUB, GLENDALE 1900 1901

From its beginning The Phoenix Woman's Club led Mary Lettie Jack went to teach school in Glendale a sort of charmed life. Den-mothered by Mrs. A. J. McClatchie in 1897. In February, 1901 she returned as a bride to a ranch the club had an auspicious organization and a brilliant where her husband was superintendent After spending a career. quiet summer Mrs. Jack realized that she would not be satisfied with just church activities, so with other former The club was organized in the home of Mrs. Ada school teachers they organized The Self Culture Club of McClatchie on December 5, 1900. She had invited a group Glendale. The objectives were self culture, historical study, of women of high ideals - Mrs. B. V. Cushman, Mrs. Mary using the Bay View Reading Course, and social intercourse: Richmond Diehl, Mrs. Lucy T. Ellis, Mrs. B.A. Fowler, Mrs. I Julia L. K.imlin, Mrs. J.H. McClintock and Mrs. J. W. Mrs. Jack was elected the first president and held McCormick. Mrs. McClatchie had prepared an outline of a office for ten years. Through influence of Mrs. B.A. Fowler, cultural development for a study of anthropology approved the Club incorporated with the State Federation in 1902. my Professor Frederick Starr, of Chicago University. The club was named "The Woman's Fortnightly Club," with a The club had its ups and down, because Glendale limited membership of ten, meeting on alternate Tuesdays. only had a few families. The coming of the sugar beet factory created a small population boom and a clubhouse fund was Before the end of the first year the club enlarged started. The first contribution was the prize money won at the the activities, increased membership, formed departments State Fair by Mrs. M.P. White for the best cake baked with and began an active interest in the general cultural and civic Glendale Sugar. Tbeclub house was built in 1912-1913 and development of Phoenix. The new organization was named through the years was the center of many activities. After the the "Woman's Club of Phoenix." This club was the pioneer club became the Glendale Women's Club it sponsored or of federation in Arizona joining the General Federation in cooperated in every worthwhile civic and cultural enterprise August of 1901, leading the movement toward the federa­ in the community. tion of the Arizona Clubs.

Before the end of the second year the club had secrured a $2,000 library grant from Andrew Carnegie for a public library building in Phoenix. In 1902-03 it cooper­ ated with the National Congress of Mothers and five circles were established in public school. Also in 1903 the club, through the State Federation, initiated a measure for the establishment of a juvenile and probation court system in Arizona. Civic ordinances pertaining to public morals in Phoenix were passed in 1904 due to work the the Phoenix Woman's Club.

Mrs. Dwight B. Heard donated a lot at the comer of SecondStreetand Van Buren Street in 1906totheclub. Two years later the lot was sold and one purchased on the comer of First Avenue and Bennitt Lane where the club house now stands. When the cornerstone was laid in 1911 the club membership was over five hundred. In the following years The Phoenix Woman's Club became a leader in the com­ munity and cultural development.

38 THE FLORENCE VILLAGE 11\iIPROVEMENT CLUB CURRENT TOPICS CLUB, NOGALES, 1900 1900 THE SANT A CRUZ CLUB, NOGALES, 1910 THE SANTA CRUZ WOMAN'S CLUB, NOGALES, Community betterment was the original reason for 1918 the formation of the Florence Village Improvement Club. NOGALES WOMAN'S CLUB, 1923 Tired of roads with ruts and ditches full of dried weeds the ladies of the town decided to organize and plan ways to make The first woman's organization on record in Nogales a difference. The first Saturday in November, 1900 was the was formed in 1900, Mrs. A. T. Bird was president and Mrs. first meeting and they met the second and fourth Saturdays A. A. Dougherty corresponding secretary. Meeting twice a thereafter. month in the members homes, programs were devoted to reading and discussion of a books and current topics. The Their first objective was educational study and to club became a part of the federation of women's clubs in start a public library. The first fund-raiser was a Colonial 1903. party, and the money was used to pay for street signs. This success filled the ladies with enthusiasm and soon had all the The Santa Cruz Club formed at a later date, 1909, townspeople interested. This interest brought donations of then developed into the Nogales Women's Club. Gentlemen money and labor and soon a general town clean-up was made. were included as members in the beginning and the ladies formed a seperate group known as The Santa Cruz Auxiliary. Other accomplishments of the group were raising Referred to as the "nicest" club in the history of Nogales, their money for street lamps and supporting them; circulating a activities were for the most part devoted to dancing and card petition and pushing for incorporation and organizing their parties. The highlight of this group was entertaining the library. Federated Women's Clubs of Arizona at the January, 1914 Convention. A local group raised $800.00 and delegates Some of the charter members of the club were Mrs. attended all the events free. William Berry, Mrs. Mollie Long Alwin, Mrs. Steve Bailey, Mrs. Beulah Herry Schilling, Mrs. George M. Brockway, The Santa Cruz Club formed in 1909 became The Mrs. W. C. Brockway, Mrs. W. C. Truman, Mrs. C. D. Santa Cruz Woman's Club, Nogales in 1918 and the Nogales Reppy, Mrs. W.R. Kentfield, Mrs. Thomas F. Weedin, Mrs. Woman's Club in 1923. J.C. Keating, Mrs. F. A. Barker, Mrs. L. K. Drais, Mrs. Fletcher M. Doan, Mrs. William Bley, Mrs. William Stone., Mrs. Natalia Michea White, Mrs .. William Benson, Mrs. Charles Lemon, Mrs. James Tharp.

Although there is no formal record of it, Anne Kibbey Jencks wrote that her mother, the wife of Judge Joseph H. Kibbey, a governor of the territory, formed a reading group in Florence in 1889. They studied the Illiad and the Odyssey in an ambitious program characteristic of theperiod. Mrs.JenkeswasalsoamemberoftheFridayClub of Phoenix in 1897.

The name change to the Florence Women's Club occured in 1918.

7 THE FORMING OF THE FEDERATION

After seeing the Phoenix Woman's Club launched, Anna D. McClatchie began to plan the formation of the Arizona Federation of Woman's Clubs. Her knowledge of federation work turned her thoughts to uniting the club forces of the territory to meet the cultural and community demands of the territory.

Early in the spring of 1901, Mrs. McClatchie secured all the literature and correspondence, information from both the General Federation and State Federations. The decision of the General Federation to hold the 1902 Biennial Meeting in Los Angeles stimulated her to immediate action so the ladies of the clubs in Arizona should not miss this great opportunity to participate so close to home.

In the Fall of 1901 invitations were sent to all the clubs in the Territory to join the Phoenix Woman's Club on November 18th and 19th to begin planning a Territorial Federation. All the clubs responded, those who could not send a representative asked to be included. At the close of the meeting the federation had been organized and a second meeting planned the following year for Prescott.

The Arizona Federation was represented at the General Federation biennial in Los Angeles. Seven clubs sent representatives or reports to this biennial: The Woman's Club, Bisbee; The Ladies Villiage Improvement Club, Florence; The Monday Club, Prescott; The Friday Club, Phoenix; The Woman's Club, Tucson; The Sahuara Club, Safford, and The Woman's Club, Phoenix.

39 THE FEDERATION

The years that followed the federation of the Arizona Women's Clubs were busy ones. The Arizona Federation of Women's Clubs became a strong agent for social and cultural change in Arizona They met with territorial legislators to propose legislation and pressured city governments to clean up towns and counties.

Yearbooks were issued each year at conventions and document their accomplishments. When considering the annual conventions and the programs presented we have to admire the brave, far-visioned women who planned and carried them out. Territorial Arizona was thinly populated with great distances between towns and very restricted transportation. Toe following are some of the happenings at the annual conventions that span the years 1901 to statehood. Mrs. Anna McClatchie presided over the organization the first two years.

FIRST ANNUAL MEEfING - Prescott, November, 1902. Anna McClatchie, President. It was announced the Arizona Federation had been admitted to the General Federation of Woman's Clubs in February 1902. Programs were presented on Primitive Art in Arizona, A Story ofArizona Life, Pioneer Reminiscences; Some Educational Needs of Our Territory, From An Educators Standpoint; Some Features of a Department of Civics, Village Housekeeping; The Bureau of Reciprocity, Forestry, Mining in Arizona, and Houselwld Economics.

SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - Tucson, November, 1903. Anna McClatchie, President Reports were given by the Standing Committees Traveling Library Department, Reciprocity Department, Educational Department, Forestry Depart­ ment and the Department of History of Arizona Programs presented were Notes on Town Improvement, Juvenile Court Law for Arizona, Child Study Circles, Houselwld Economics.

TIIIRD ANNUAL MEETING - Bisbee, November, 1904. Ella Fowler, President. Eleven federated clubs sent delegates to this convention. Seven standing committees on the Official Program as Departments were represented by chairs - Library Extension, Women in Outdoor An, Civil Service Reform, Houselwld Economics, Child Labor and Industrial Conditions, An -The Work ofthe General Federation a/Women's Club, and The General Federation and its Relation to the State Federations. Manual training in the public schools of the State was also discussed.

FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING- Phoenix, November 1905. Ella Fowler, President The following sample of the programs shows the continued work in civic and community values by members of the clubs - Civil Service Reform. The Merit System. Psyclwlogic Foundations ofsomeofthe Recent Movements in Education, Child Study Circles, Traveling Library, The Makers of Arizona.

FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING- Prescott, November, 1906. Helen Stevison French, President During the rein of Mrs. French during 1905 - 1907 two major pieces of legislation were passed that were a direct result of the women's work. The first bill passed by the Arizona Legislature provided for Kindergartens in the public schools of the Territory. The bill was presented before the Territorial Legislature by Mrs. French for the Arizona Federated Women's Clubs. The second bill Established a Juvenile Court and the institution of Probation Officers in the various townships of the Territory. This bill was presented to the legislature by Mr. E. E. Ellinwood for Mrs. French, representing the State Federation.

Department Reports: Library Extension Work, Reciprocity In Club Work, Recent Efforts in Behalf of Pure Food, A Successful Cooking School, The StudyofLiterature, A Successful Reading Course, The Batavia System ofIndividual Instruction, Manual Training as a Factor in Education, A Woman of11ie Old Frontier, Makeshifts and Adaptions in Household Furnishings of the Early Days, Public lnstutions of Arizona, and Our Relations to Them.

40 SIXTII ANNUAL MEETING - Douglas, November, 1907. Helen Stevison French, President Department reports Reminiscences of Early Days, The Arizona Juvenile Court Law, Domestic Science in and out of School, Our Forests.

SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING - Yuma, January, 1909. Fannie Reese Pugh, President. The annual meetings bad been held in November, but with the advance of the Convention month to January, no meeting was held in 1908. Therefore fourteen months elapsed between the conventions of 1907 and 1909.

The outstanding efforts of Mrs. Pugh were the passing of a bill by the Territorial Legislature to pension teachers. The first teacher pensioned was Miss Post of Yuma. The second accomplishment the appointment of Sbarlot Hall as State Historian.

Department reports: The Message ofArt Applied to Life, How can we help solve the Tuberculosis Problem, Should Arizona pension her veteran teachers as the Nation pensions her veteran Soldiers?, How the Indian Question is being solved by the Indian himself., The Value of Systematic Courses - such as the Chatauqua and Bay courses in Club Work, Defects of the Juvenile Court Law ofArizona, What legislation, ifany, shall we champion or encourage at the forthcoming session ofthe Arizona Legislature?, Benefits ofLibrary Extension in the rural district, Educating public sentiment through the medium of the Press.

EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING- January, 1910, Tucson. Fannie Reese Pugh, President. Department reports: Co-operation in Civic Improvement, The Operation ofthe Juvenile Court Law, Statehood Provisions - What do the Women Want?, What Work The Federation has done in Arizona History, The Place ofArt in Club Work, How Clubs May Increase the Influence of Libraries in a Town, ls our Reciprocity Bureau used as it slwuld be?, The Increased cost of Living-Cause-Remedy?, A Cleaner Press.

The years of 1911 and 1912 were led by Levona Payne Newsom. Mrs. Newsom was an Associate Professor at the University of Arizona with a Ph.Din Greek and Latin. As you review the Ninth and Tenth Annual Meetings you will see bow this well educated woman influenced the direction the the State Federation.

Several areas of change occured during the terms of Mrs. Payne. Mrs. Payne urged the usefulness of the Club in the community. She encouraged the clubs to cease meeting in homes, to move the meetings to libraries, schools or other public building; that the membership be enlarged to include different classes of women; that work should be organize along department lines, thus affording a variety of interest and activity. These suggestions were adopted by the clubs and removed the clubs from the provincial to a wider outlook and usefulness.

She encouraged the interest of the clubs in women students at the University of Arizona. As a result a permanent scholarship committee was appointed, with enough funds for two scholarships at the beginning of the next college year. Many clubs also established scholarships. This interest created wider sympathy and understanding between club women and the women students struggling to establish careers in life.

She created a closer association between the University and clubwomen. A bureau of affiliated clubs was also fonned at the University, which furnished on request material for programs and loaned books.

NlNTII ANNUAL MEETING - January, 1911, Prescott. Levona Payne Newsom, President. Mrs. Newsom revised the lists of Standing Committees and Departments of Work. The ninth meeting yearbook listed eleven Departments of Work and eight Standing Committees. Symposium discussion topics were: Some State Federation Queries, The Establishment of a State Sclwlarship for Girls, What Slwuld the Tenn Conservation Include?, Legislative Recommen­ dations of the 1910 Biennnial.

TENTI-I ANNUAL MEETING - January, 1912, Phoenix. Levona Payne Newsom, President. The tenth meeting had the largest attendance in the history of the organization. The sessions were held in the new club house built by the women of. Phoenix at a cost of $20,000. At this meeting Dr. Agnes M. Wallace of Prescott was elected president. Dr. Wallace led the Federation into statehood. Discussions titles were: Girls Scholarship Fund, The Owen's Bill, A Summer's Field Work in Arizona History, Impressions of Recent N.E.A. Convention, The Woman's Club and the Public School.

Arizona became the 48th State on February 14, 1912 continuing to grow and with it the dedicated work of the Federated Women's Clubs of Arizona. 41 The

. Ethel Maddock Clark

Collection

42 ETHEL MADDOCK CLARK BORN: July 29, 1881 IN: Luray, Page County, Virginia DIED: April 7, 1959, Phoenix, Arizona FATHER: Frank William Maddock MOTHER: Margaret Jean Wallace CAME TO ARIZONA: 1917 HUSBAND: William Wallace Clark Married: January 17, 1907, New Castle, Pa. Children: Jean Maddock Clark, born November 21, 1907

Ethel Maddock Clark was the only daughter ofFrank William Maddock and Margaret Jean Wallace. She was born in Luray, Page County, Virginia on July 29, 1881. She was raised with a passion for history by a family that could trace its history in England to the 1690' s. Ethel was very artistic and literate. She kept a journal all her life, making short notes or comments of things she and the rest of the family were doing.

On January 17, 1907 she married William Wallace Clark in New Castle, Pennsylvania Her husband was a mining engineer. Living various places in the east the eventually moved to Shasta County, California where William ran a mine. A strong woman, in 1917, Ethel divorced William on the grounds of infidelity and moved to Phoenix where her brother Thomas Maddock was an engineer for the State of Arizona In 1919 Ethel and her daughter Jean contracted tuberculosis and spent several months in the Sunny Rest Sanitarium at 16th street and Pierce. When they were released she bought a duplex on the comer of 13th Avenue and Monroe, near the capitol. Ethel and her daughter Jean would live in this house for the rest of their lives. Later on after her fathers death Ethels mother, Margaret Jean Wallace Maddock, moved to Phoenix to lived with Ethel and Jean.

The Clark ladies and Mrs.Wallace were well known in Phoenix, active in the Trinity Episcopal Cathedral and other community activities. Her niece, Virginia Stafford, recalls Ethel was great friends with the Maricopa Indian women that brought their baskets and pottery to sell atDehls Shoe Store on Washington Street in Phoenix. So the Indian ladies would not have to make the a round trips from reservation to Phoenix in one day Ethel would invite them to the house to sleep on the floor or on the front porch knowing they would be safe.

Although she had many responsibilities caring for mother and daughter Ethel had many civic interests. She was a curator and Secretary to the Board of Arizona Museum (now the Phoenix Museum of History); one of the founders of First Families of Arizona, and a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, #106914, State Historian, publishing the first hardcover history of the Arizona DAR.

The state project to document the pioneer women in Arizona was part of a national project of the DAR to gather histories of their members. Compiling the state histories of the pioneer women presented took about six years. DAR members around the state collected the information and sent it to Ethel to type. Notes in her working papers show give a intimate picture of her frustration with others that were not gathering information according to her schedule. Doing the history was a natural for Ethel, since she have been accused by her brother of ancestor worship with her preoccupation in gathering family histories. As you read the Clark Collection you will appreciate the hard work of Mrs. Clark and her committee. A true historian she preserved all the original letters and papers collected by her committee. These archives are now a part of the Phoenix Museum of History Jean Maddock Clark Collection, and copies are in the Daughters of the America Revolution headquarters in Washington, D.C. The Clark Collection gives us first person recollections of the pioneer women that settled out state.

NOTE: I have attempted to present the Clark Collection as Mrs. Clark wrote it. Some spelling errors have been corrected and changes in sentence structure when clarity was needed.

43 MARY JANE OSWALD ALLEN ANNA LOUISA ANDERSON BORN: August 13, 1848 BORN: June 24, 1856 IN: Lowell, Iowa IN: Holen, Sweden FATHER: Jacob Oswald FATHER: John Anderson MOTHER: Elizabeth Oswald MOTHER: Maria Stena Olsen CAME TO ARIZONA: March, 1864 - Prescott CAME TO ARIZONA: October 15, 1884 - St. Johns HUSBAND: Orlando Allen HUSBAND: Charles P. Anderson Married: June 20, 1876- Walnut Grove Married: October 3, 1877 Children: Mabel, Bertha Children: Charles, Francis, Anna Maria, Matilda Relatives in war: Josephine, Albert Franklin, John Alfred, Lettie Frances, Carl Cuthan. Mary Jane's father died when she was very small. Her Relatives in war: mother married again and it was with her stepfather, George Jackson, that she crune to Arizona in March 1864 and located I was born in Hohn, Sweden. June 24th, 1856 and lived in Prescott there until six years ofage, emigrated to America with my mother and sister in 1862, my father coming one year later. Mary Jane and Orlando Allen were married on June My father's name was John Anderson and mother's was 20th, 1876 in Walnut Grove. Mrs. Allen was appointed the Maria Stena Olsen Anderson. We settled in Grantville, first postmistress in Arizona in 1874. The mail was carried Tooele County, Utah, where I grew up to womanhood and on horseback from Prescott to Wickenburg three times a was married to Charles P. Anderson. October 15. 1884 in week and at one time there were soldiers stationed at the Salt Lake City. lam the mother of seven children Charles, Grove who escorted the mail to Wickenburg and back to the Francis, Anna Maria, Matilda Josephine, Albert Franklin, Grove as long as the Indians were bad. One of the soldiers John Alfred, Lettie Frances, Carl Cuthan. was killed from ambush, but that was before Mrs. Allen became postmistress. She was appointed by MarshallJewell. We came by wagon from Utah in company with other There was no salary attached to the position, but she emigrants who were called at the same time as we were to received sixty percent of all the stamps cancelled. A.W. Arizona. I will now try to explain the reason for this call. At Cullen, (or Callen) a mining man and lawyer sent all of his that time the greater part of the population were Mexican law books back to Kansas through Mrs. Allen's office, and people, some Morman families and a few Morman men. this was a great help. Previous to our coming here the Mexicans and cowboys had had trouble resulting in the slwoting and killing ofnvo white Mrs. Allen's stepfather George Jackson built the first men, one ofthem an old man who was trying to make peace dwelling house in Prescott. It was of whip-sawed unplaned between them. When these conditions were reported to the lumber and faced west on what is now called Granite Street. leaders of the Monnan Church they deemed it necessary to The house contained only ( two rooms, but to use Mrs. call more settlers to strengthen and build up St. Johns. Allen's own words, "There was seven other houses in Prescott Accordingly, one hundred and three families were chosen at the time, but ours was the only residence." coming in companies at different times. We left our good home, relatives and friends on the second day ofSeptember, It was after this family arrived in Prescott, sometime in 1884 in company with Philip Delimar, wife and child, also the late '60's that Mrs. (Judge) Turner and Mrs. Leibe, the from Tooele, to take up our journey at a distance of seven wife of the Post Doctor at Fort Whipple started a Sunday hundred and seventy five miles. The men folks driving their School for small children. wagons loaded with grain, provisions and many necessary things. Mrs. Delamar and myself taking turns driving another team. This was no easy task as we had our children·

44 CATHERINE GLENN FREEMAN ANDERSON BORN: 1845 IN: Milverton, Perth County, Canada husband who came to American in 1866. Her oldest daughter FATIIER: David Glenn followed in January 16, 1895. MOTHER: Mary Glenn CAME TO ARIZONA: March, 1881 - Globe Mrs. Anderson settled with her husband in Massachu­ HUSBAND: George Freeman setts and later moved to Kansas in 1870. They crossed the Married: Milverton, Canada, December 14, 1864 plains by wagon to Arizona. driving their own cattle with HUSBAND: Robert Bell Anderson them. They located in Fort Verde, Arizona. Married: Gold Hill, Nevada, 1876 Children: David James Freeman, born May 24, 1865 Mr. Anderson enlisted in the United States Army in the William Robert Freeman, born April 1, 1867, died May fall of 1866 in the Company E 6th Cavalry as private and later 1, 1869; Robert Anderson rose in rank to First Lieutenant, was honorably discharged. Relatives in the wars: Robert Anderson - Civil War April 3, 1878; thenbecamePostTraderatFortVerdeandFort Apache. Had government contract for hauling grain and After her marriage to Robert Bell Anderson in 1876, the mail. Anderson family followed gold mining in Nevada until 1881. They then came with their children to Globe, Arizona. Left Fort Verde for Apache and in 1880moved to Globe They left the railroad at Casa Grande and came over the where the three children reside at this date. King Trail. The Andersons had to travel with pack animals as there was not even a wagon road. After arriving in Globe, they took charge of a company boarding house, known now as the Old Keystone Mine.

One year later they bought a bunch of cattle from James Gibson, and moved to a ranch 3 1/2 miles south of Globe, LUCINDA HEBARD ARMER and ran a dairy for many years. The Andersons' lived at the BORN: October 6, 1846 dairy until the time of their death. Mrs. Anderson died May IN: Wisconsin 30th, 1898, and Robert Anderson 1901. Mrs. Anderson's FATHER: Henry Hebard eldest son, David died in 1908. Catherine Anderson was a MOTHER: Katherine Hebard member of the Methodist Church and a charter member of CAME TO ARIZONA: 1877 - Signal the Woman's Relief Corps. HUSBAND: Henry Armer Married: 1861 Robert Anderson served in the Civil War. Children: Sarah, Malinda, Tom, Frank, Bud. Ben, Press, George, John, Fred Relatives in wars: Unknown

l was born in Wisconsin, October 6, 1946. Henry and MARJORIE PORTER ANDERSON Katherine Hebard were my parents. In 1849, my father BORN: December 26, 1827 and two brothers went to California. Where my bother IN: Ireland Benjamin was killed by the Indians in 1850. FATHER: Unknown MOTHER: Unknown ln 1851 Father returned to Wisconsin and stayed three CAME TO ARIZONA: October 5, 1873 - Fort Verde, years, then took the rest of the family and started back to HUSBAND: James Anderson California. We had six oxen drawing two wagons and Married: Fintona. County Tyrone, Ireland about 1863 several head of cattle. When we reached California, six Children: Mary Anderson Clark, Lizzie and James months and eleven days later, we had one span ofoxen, a {twins) cow and a steer. The others died on the road. We had no Relatives in Wars: Husband. First Lieutenant United Indian trouble, but were always on the lookout for them. States Army from 1866 - 1878 We settled on what was known as the Manhatten Ranch on Majorie Porter Anderson, wife of James Anderson, was the banks of the Sacramento River. There was three indeed a Pioneer Woman of Arizona. Mrs. Anderson was hundred acres ofland under fence and the soil was riclzand born in County Tyrone, Ireland and came to America in 1867, with her two children Lizzie and James (twins) to join her

46 fertile. Because ofa drought ofseveral years duration father SARAH J. KENNEDY BAILEY and brothers traded for afew head ofcattle. In late years the BORN: unknown Manhatten Ranch was valued at several thousand dollars. IN:Kansas FATHER: James H. Kennedy In 1859 Father went to Douglas County, Oregon, taking with MOTHER: Jane Kennedy us the cattle. There he stayed until 1862, when they went to CAME TO ARIZONA: October, 1876-Globe Powder River, Oregon, where brother John built the first log HUSBAND: Alonzo Bailey cabin every put up in that valley. Married: Globe, 1889 Children: Wynnette, Edith ImetandmarriedHenryArmerin1861 andmovedto Walla Relatives in wars: unknown Walla, Washington. We stayed there a few months when we went back to Oregon, where we stayed 12 years.first in one My pioneer days were so simple and fraught with so, so country and then in another. It was in Oregon that our first many hardships and dangers that they are not worth relating. jive children were born. A pioneer's life is one that is usually thought of as one composed ofhardships and dangers, and his special delight We moved to San Bernardino in 1874. Later we moved to the is telling about it, but not so mine. extreme end ofthe railroad which was being built to Arizona. My husband worked there on the roadjromjifty miles out of My father, John Kennedy, with his family consisting of Los Angeles to a little station east ofIndio. I have forgotten himself and wife Jane Kennedy and three children, ofwhom the name of the place. While there I cooked for the men I am the eldest(andadaughter byaformerwife), his son and working on the road. nephew, David Bevore, having preceded us with a band of cattle, left Kansas, my native state, in 1875 for Prescott, After working/or several months my husband took his teams Arizona. Mrs. Kennedy the two children and myself spent and freighted from the railroad end to Prescott. The round a season in Texas where I was able to resume my schooling trip took about three weeks. Eventually we sold the teams while my father made his preparations for our long trip and bought more horses and cattle and started/or Prescott. overland. He had a spring wagon especially built with Before we arrived we heard they were having some kind of every convenience for the family's comfort and another for sickness in Prescott from which the children never recover. the purpose ofcarrying our supplies or as or "commissary" Having six children we did not care to take any chances to as we like to refer to it. These being fully equipped, he then we went to a place called Signal in 1877. In June 1878 we purchased a herd ofcattle and horses and in the company went to Phoenix and helped in the harvest until August. oftwo other families and the three men that were to help my From there we came over Reno Pass and stayed at Grape­ father with the cattle, we started on our long journey. Our vine Springs one yea,r. Her2 Press was born and I had no trip overland was a rather tedious one and of course we one with me. experienced some hardships, but none worth mentioning, and with two rather narrow escapesfrom the Indians. /twas In 1879 we went across and down the river about three miles. at one of those points after passing the burnt and charred We paid an old fellow one hundred dollars for his rights and remains of wagons and effects that one of the families improvements on a little piece of land. We took out a decided to tum back. My father was a man that knew no fear homestead and made ourselves a comfortable home where and never let anything turn them from his undertaking. The we lived until the Government bought us out and built a dam. other family left us at Silver City, New Mexico. ft was then After the Government bought us out we moved up the river that we were left alone, far from our destination and the to the mouth ofPinto Creek. Here in April, 1909 my husband greatest dangers ahead. passed out. In 1911 we moved out to our present ranch about four miles north of the Lake. For the past few years l have After two weeks rest in Silver City, my father, backed by his lived in Globe." firm determination, resumed his journey. We arrived in Globe City as it was then called in October, 1876, in the best of health and spirits and our cattle and horses in fine condition. My brother, Globe Pierce, named for the town of Globe and/or the first merchant, was born on the 25th of January, 1877, in a little adobe house consisting of two rooms without doors, windows or floors. We did not think ofany risk, our four ,rwnths of life of camping hadjitced us with such perfect health that we enjoyed life even in a house' composed only of walls and a roof What seemed to me to

47 be the real hardship ofour emigration was my having to give brother's birth. up my correspondence. Before leaving home, my father had left our address/or mail to be sent to Silver City, as he had Globe, and the surrounding country, gave suchgoodpromise planned to come via there. From Silver City our mail was ofa fine cattle country that Father decided to locate there and sent on to Globe by express at twenty-five cents per letter. send for my brother Charles and cousin David Devore to join I had chosen thirteen ofmy girlfriends to correspond with. us in Globe with a little herd ofcattle that they had preceded As my father handed me a bunch of letters, he said "girlie us with. It is needless to say that Father owned the first dairy you will have to cut down on that number." After that my in Globe. The prices we got for our products 1 will not greatest enjoyment was riding the range with my father on attempt to tell, but will quote what agentlemensaid to me only my little Indian pony he had bought for me before we left a few months ago that I met here in as we were talking over Kansas from the Delaware Indians. By this time I was quite the past he said, "Say I never see you but what I think of the at home on my mount as I had made a good deal of the ten dollar bills I used to take up to the Kennedy Ranch and journey in the saddle. Two years later my little pony died come away wit ha little chunk ofbutter in one hand and an egg from a hard ride by a messenger over the almost impassible or two in the other," Now ofcourse that must be very much trail trying to get help to miner that was seriously injured in exaggeratedforwe are the best offriends or perhaps because the Silver King mine. I missed my pony dreadfully for my I could come back just as hard. father and my pony were my constant companions.

The first entertainment given in Globe was a barbecue given by my father in Stella's Park, known now as the Kinney Park. Everybody in Globe was invited and needless to say that all accepted. They enjoyed the good time so much that SARAH MATILDA FARR BARNEY it was concluded by a dance in the evening. The dance was BORN: unknown held in a saloon as it was the only house in Globe that had IN: unknown a floor. I know you/eel rather doubtful about the saloon FATHER: unknown being a proper place for a dance. Every evidence of a MOTHER: unknown saloon was removed and the building was regarded as a CAME TO ARIZONA: 1881 Solomonville, Graham public hall. I never met a man on the streets of Globe in County those days that I did not regard as a gentlemen. We later HUSBAND: Walter Turner Barney held our first Christmas tree in this building. You ask for Married: unknown anything of interest from fighting Indians to a new bonnet. Children: unknown Your could find plenty ofIndians to fig ht ifyou wanted to go Relatives in wars: after them, but new bonnets, oh dear! they were not to be had At the age of eleven, Sarah Matilda Farr walked all Like most girls, I had a fondness for ribbons and laces and the way across the plains and led a blind woman and lOOk had a box tucked safely away and like mama's rocking chair care of her. The journey took from May 27th to August 13, thatfatherthreatened to throw away at every camping time, 1852. She knew well the hardships of pioneering as she was it arrived safely with me. A change of ribbon or afresh the only one in her family to come at tbat time. Sheworked flower added occasionally to the old frame satisfied my as a hired girl until her marriage October 13, 1858, to Walter vanity. I think more than a twenty dollar bonnet does at the Turner Barney. present time. The little Methodist Church was the first Sarah and Walter pioneered several towns in Utah house ofworship; erected in Globe. It stands now as it did before being "called" to help settle Arizona in Solomon ville. then, with but little alterations. They bought a Mexican's claim of 160 acres and cleared and improved it It was quite a trial to leave their comfortable I was married in the little church in 1880 to Alonzo Bailey. homes in Utah and go out into the frontier again. They Four children were born to us, two of whom survive, brought only the necessities with them as they traveled over Wynette and Edith, both living in Los Angeles. Mr. Bailey poorly made roads to reach the Gila Valley. passed away in Globe in 1917. My father lost his life at the Sarah helped to get the land cleared and a home built age of sixty1our trying to ford the Verde River on horse­ all the time the fear of Indians was with them as the Apache back, February 28, 1891. Mrs. James Kennedy, his widow, Indians were very hostile and often raided the whites. resides in Los Angeles. As I stated before, my brother Outlaws were also a threat Charles, and I were children byaformerwife, who also bore In 1896, when Sarah was 55 and Walter 59, they the ,'lame of Jane who passed away at the time of my rented their farm to their married sons and took up some land

48 in what became Glenbar and started a new venture. With the realized the least trouble from those people. We sent out our help of the youngest daughters Sarah ran the store and Walter missionaries among them and they would come to our camps made trips to Tucson, Willcox and Globe with a team and and the Colorado River, but were quite civil and in a year or wagon to get supplies to sell. She worked early and late to two were a benefit to the people, when the supply ofclothing take care of the home and store and made good work of it became scarce we could replace it in part by the cloth we When her oldest daughter died in 1906, Sarah and could buy from the Indians. When we left Brigham City we Walter took a grandson of 5 and two older granddaughters to were very destitute. My shoes were gone and nothing to buy raise. Later another grandson and granddaughter at the death with and no place to buy. We got our wagons loaded ready of their father came to live them, these children were in to start/or St. Johns Meadows. In the morning our oxen were addition to 9 of her own. no where to be found. Brother Bates hunted two days for Sarah Matilda Farr Barney died at age 73 in April, them, and while he was absent the last day I received a letter 1914. from my sister Elizabeth Wood of Springerville, Utah. It contained five dollars. We found the oxen and went on to St. Johns. I bought a pair of shoes at a Mexican store in the SARAH ELLEN WAKEFIELD BATES valley called La.piz. We settled at the Meadows with others BORN: July 8, 1856 . ofthe Campo/Brigham City in 1881. IN: Potowatamie County, Iowa FATHER: JohnF. Wakefield We were always engaged in frontier life and subjected to all MOTHER: Susannah Wakefield the hardships of such a life. Brother Bates has also been a CAME TO ARIZONA: 1877, Brigham Camp (Tuba useful man in the church, holding many responsibilities and City) working/or the building up ofboth man and his country and HUSBAND: Orville Ephram Bates was loyal to the end. He died March 14th, 1909 at Taylor, Married: January 25, 1869 - Utah Arizona. Children: Susana, Orville, Artba, Ellen, Larcon, Mildred, Orinus, Lyman, Elizabeth, Taseell, Ivan Our children are all living but one the eldest son died at the Artbelle age ofeight. They are all in good standing in the church, and Relatives in wars: unknown many of them are working in different associations. I have one son who served in the World War, Ivan Milo Bates "I was born in Potowatamie County, Iowa and came with my enlistedJune 26, 1917 and went to Marine barracks where he mother to Salt Lake City in 1865. Father having died two received a slight injury in one eye and was honorably years previous. Mother made her home in Springville, Utah discharged and come home. He was drafted into the army where I spent my childhood. On January 25th, 1865 I was May 26, 1918, trained at Camp Cody, New Mexico, went to united in marriage to Orville Ephram Bates. Twelve chil­ New Jersey. In October he sailed for France then to Gennany. dren blessed our home eight sons and four daughters. We He served in the 34th Division 68 Brigade, 136 Infantry, resided in Tavele County for six years then moved to Company A. He sailed for United States, October 29th, 1919 Fountain Green, Utah, and in 1899BrotherBatesanswered and arrived home at Taylor, November 23, 1919. a call to come to Arizona. On November the fifteenth we took leave of our home and friends and kindred most dear My great grandfather, Thomas Wakefield enlisted in the to brave the desert wilds of a then desolate and very ContinentalArmy under General George Washington, Chester forbidding country. On December 4th we arrived at Brigham County, Pennsylvania. T7ieji.rst Wakefieldscame to American City Camp, as it was then called. It was not very promising in 1773. at that time with the wind howling and blowing like a great demon just ready to swallow one, and Oh how lonesome it I have been working continuously in the different organiza­ was. Had it not been for a kind providence we would have tions of our church. I held the office of second consular to perished of hunger. It was ninety miles to our nearest Aretta Wakefield. President of Primary at St. Johns in I 885 market place and if it had been nearer we had nothing to to 1887. I also held the office offirst consular to Hilda Lewis market at that time. In a few years we raised food stuff. at Taylor from 1910 to 1912. After the death of my husband in 1909 l again took up the work caring for the sick. In 1920 We were surrounded by Indians and lived in a fort for my youngest daughter Elizabeth Smith was left a widow with protection from the Indians. There were four gate ways, but four children. I helped her to care for them imtil 192 l when no gates or bars to close at night, but a stronger power than my health/ailed and I gave up all my work." man could offer was watchful ofhis children and we never

49 EMMA BRIDGES BROWN SARAH GLENN BROOKNER BORN: May 15th, 1850 BORN: May 17, 1866 IN: Nebraska IN: Milverton, Perth County, Canada FATHER: William Bridges FATHER: David Glenn MOTHER: Eliza Bridges MOTHER: Mary Glenn CAME TO ARIZONA: Spring, 1866 CAME TO ARIZONA: January 29, 1883 • Globe HUSBAND: Edwin A. Brown HUSBAND: William Webb Brookner Married: December 27, 1866, Tucson Married: February 4, 1884 - Globe Children: Emma A., Charles E., William, John H., Mary Children: Laura May, Glenn Robinson, Bessie May F., Kate., Minnie, Pearl, Harry A. Relatives in wars: unknown Relatives in the wars:Father- William Bridges, in the Mexican and Civil War; Husband- Edwin A. Brown - Sarah Glenn Brookner was born in Milverton, Perth Civil War; Son - Spanish American War, Son and two County,DominionofCanada,May 17, 1866. Daughterof grandsons in World War I David and Mary Glenn. Was one of fourteen children, ten girls and four boys. Mrs. Emma Bridges Brown, the daughter of William and Eliza Bridges was born in Nebraska in the 15thofMay, 1850. Married William WebbBrookner,February4, 1884. Three She came to Arizona in the spring of 1866, settling in Pima children,LauraMay born August29, 1886, Glenn Robinson County, and on December 27 of the same year was married and Bessie Bell (twins) born September 22, 1889. Arrived to Edwin A. Brown at Tucson, Arizona. in Globe, Arizona January 29, 1883. After traveling by train and stage for twelve days. There was no railroad into In speaking of her pioneer experiences Mrs. Brown says: Globe so it was necessary to leave the train at Casa Grade Upon one occasion the Apache Indians attempted to stam­ and come over the Pinal Mountains by stage. Globe at the pede the beef cattle herds; hearing the yells of the Indians time bad a population of 350 or 400 people. and the firing, I ran outside the stockade and saw the cattle coming on the run, the Indians trying to get them past the I traveled alone, came to visit my sister who lived on a stockade. The Indians and the guards were firing at each ranch three miles from town and had a great many cattle. other but the guard got the cattle into the corral and saved My sister and her husband are both dead. Their name was our beef We had one man wounded, the Indians losing Mr. and Mrs. Robert Anderson. The house, a frame several men. structure, still standing and strange to say another Mr. and Mrs. Robert Anderson bought it and are living there now. There were no Protestant churches south oft he Gila and Salt Rivers, not any schools; occasionally an Anny Chaplain All supplies had to be freighted in from Wilcox or Bowie. conducted divine services at the different military posts. But In I 894, my husband and I were enroute to San Francisco there were good folks in the Territory even then. I well and were held up by two masked highwaymen; they stopped rememberthe sympathy and kindness I experienced when my the stage and went through their pockets; and made the first baby died and was buried at Fort Mc Dowell in I 868. At driver throw out the mail and told us to drive on. Both men no place, lwwever highly cultivated could I have met with were captured by a posse from Solomonville. greater kindness or warmer sympathy in that my first great sorrow. I ama Charter member ofSyltano. Rebecca Lodge and was the first treasurer; was one of those instrumental in Having been asked to tell anything of interest from Indian starting the Episcopal Mission in Globe. The first service fights to bonnets, Mrs. Brown tells us that the only things in was held in the Fire House and later in the Court House. the line of millinery at that time where she lived, were slat Now we have a real nice stone house with Mr. Stanley sun-bonnets. Wilcox, Pastor.

The men of Mrs. Brown's family have served their country Globe is only twelve miles from the Indian Reservation and well, her father having fought in the Mexican and Civil Wars, in the early days we had many Indian scares. Geronimo's her husband in the Civil War, one son in the Spanish­ Apache Indians frequently went on the war path. They American War and one son and two grandsons in the World made many attacks on the outskirts and several times War. seriously threatened the town. There was one Apache Indian hanged in the Globe Court House for killing a_n

50 - officer on the San Carlos Reservation while enroute to the State Penitentiary with several prisoners. The sheriff, Mr. Reynolds and his deputy, Mr. Holmes were overpowered and murdered by the prisoners; but were eventually captured and made to pay the penalty. They all belonged to Geronimo's tribe.

MARY M. TOMPKINS BURNETT Tennessee. Her American ancestors were colonizers of BORN: November 28, 1855 Virginia (members of a King James colony of the 17th IN: Gatesville, Texas century). In 1830the Woodrufffamily united their fortunes FATHER: Jno. G. Tompkins with those ofStephen F. Austin's Colony and accepted the MOTHER: Mary Louise Woodruff Tompkins invitations extended by the inhabitants of that Mexican CAME TO ARIZONA: November 28, 1870 - on Gila province to join their numbers, settling on the Colorado River near Stanwix Station River. Later, they fought in the struggles waged by Texas HUSBAND: James K. Burnett for its independence, and engaged in the battle of San Married: April 13, 1873 - Santa Paula, Ventura County, Jacinto, April 21, 1836. California Children: Blanche A., Eleanor Burnett Clarkson My mother brought up nine children of her own and an Relatives in wars: orphan boy, Joseph Prouse. He enlisted in the Civil War, Grandfather Tompkins - Revolutionary War 10th Texas Volunteer Smith's Brigade, General Division, Father Jno. G. Tompkins - enlisted in the "Texas Navy", Army ofTennessee, and was killed in battle at Atlanta, Ga. 1838 Relatives on mother's side fought in the Texas struggle I did not have any direct experiences with the Indians, but for independence, and engaged in the battle of San came upon the scenes of their depredations shortly after­ Jacinto, April 21, 1836. wards. During our stay on the Gila River my father was one ofa party ofmen who took out the Gila Bend Ditch. During the floods in the spring of1872 the ditch was washed away. Mary M. Tompkins Burnett was born at Gatesville, Later he and his family went to California. Texas on the 28th of November, 1855 the daughterofMary LouiseandJno. G. Tompkins. She came to Arizona on her In 1871 my oldest brother, Charles U. Tompkins, with.,\ , / 15th birthday,November28th 1870,andonApril 13, 1873 eleven cowboys came into Agua Caliente and cast their vote , ·~- •\ wasunitedinmarriagetoJamesK. Burnette,atSantaPaula, which decided the location ofPhoenix to be where it is now ,, ·:-~ , Ventura County, California. Two daughters were born of instead of where Hayden's Mill stood at Tempe. \1'',' 'i'f-~ \ l \ ', this union Blanche A. Burnett and Mrs. Eleanor Burnett ~ \_\ ~ ',l.\ Clarkson. On coming to Arizona the family located on the \_.., } i Gila River, near Stanwix Station; later, in 1875 in Prescott, and on June 10, 1880 in Phoenix. ~; \ \ ::: ' ')i '\.J, Mrs. Mary M. Burnett gives the following interesting account of her family history and pioneer experiences: "My grandfather Tompkins fought in the Revolutionary War. I have two teaspoons made from the silver buckles that were on his uniform. Myfather,Jno. G. Tompkins, wasbom in New Jersey in 1824; in 1838 he enlisted in the Texas Navy, one of America's unique creations. At Galveston in 1846 he was married to Mary L Woodruff. a native of

51 HELEN LAUDER BURY in the trees. BORN: 1850 IN: South Rye Gate, Caledonia County, Vermont One always thinks of pioneers as conquering vast FATHER: George Lauder wildernesses, of building wonderful structures. The struc­ MOTHER: Jean Lauder tures Mrs. Bury built were in the hearts and minds of the CAME TO ARIZONA: 1880 - Gillette Mrs. Bury and children she taught, and the wonderful spiritual results of her children. Mr. Bury several years earlier. Family moved work helped them to be fine, clear eyed men and women, to Phoenix, 1881 forceful, resourceful, and ready to meet the world bravely. HUSBAND: Colin Bury Always a remarkable feature ofherinfluence was the fact that Married: San Francisco, California 1873 she led those around her to see the beautiful and best in Children: Frances Helen, Addine Mary, Colin Jean everything. Phoenix in the 1880's was just the beginning of Relatives in wars: 1880 - Gillette a town and of course lacking in many conveniences and pleasures and now deemed essential, but Mrs. Bury led the Mrs. Helen Lauder Bury was born in 1850, at South children to love absolutely their pioneer life, and also awakened Rye Gate, Caledonia County, Vennont Herparents, George in them a lasting appreciation of the Great Outdoors. and Jean Lauder were born and married in Scotland. What could be more romantic than church held in a In 1873 Helen Lauder became the wifeofColinBury, spacious brush shed, or school in a large square adobe? Their the marriage taking place at San Francisco where the family picnic grounds were the Hole-in-the-Rock, or Came!back lived for awhile. Later, in 1880, Mrs. Bury and children Mountain or down by the river, under cottonwoods or willow. came to Arizona to liveMr. Bury having preceded them by Then there were thrilling horseback rides out towards the several years. They settled first in Gillette, but moved to purple hills, over the colorful desert, dotted with fields of wild Phoenix in 1881. flowers, brilliantly crowned cacti, greasewood, mesquite and flowering paloverde trees, that looked like huge yellow Not withstanding the heavy responsibilities that fell upon bouquets. her after the early death of her husband, Mrs. Bury found time to enter actively into all movements for the develop­ Being a successful teacher herself Mrs. Bury, of ment and uplift of the growing community in which she course, made teachers of her daughters. Addine pursued her lived and which she loved to well. She was a true and profession in Phoenix, while Frances taught in California, helpful friend to so many who depended on her warm heart later during the Spanish-American War in the Tempe Normal and keen judgement. As the years rolled by and she had School; and subsequently the Board of Education transferred more leisure, she accepted the executive positions in her her to the newly created Normal School at Flagstaff. Here, church, various charitable organizations, and the Women's she and the President constituted the faculty of two, that Club. In the last named she served several terms as organized the Northern Arizona Normal in 1899. Something treasurer, but was forced by circumstances to refuse the of a tribute to the ability of the teacher mother. offer of the Presidency. She also acted for several years as Superintendent of the Woman's Department of the State In addition to the two daughters, Frances Helen and Fair. Addine Mary, Mr. and Mrs. Bury had one son, Colin Jean. Toe small son Colin Bury III, a native son of Arizona arrived Mrs. Helen Bury had the honor of teaching, in the January 11, 1922. private school and public schools, from 1880 almost up to the time of her death in 1918, the children of many of the Mrs. Bury's children were taken every summer for a pioneer families of Arizona. Many of these children have joyous and instructive vacation at their grandmother's home become distinguished, and are carrying on nobly the work in San Francisco; but always they welcomed the return their parents began- that of developing one of the most "home" to Phoenix. Mrs. Bury loved Arizona. She was wont scenic and resourceful states of the Union. to remark "Where else could we have found more loyal, helpful, loving and cultivated friends?" She lived for oth:rs, Mrs. Bury's Private School, established in 1881, was and was always helping some person or some cause. Havmg unique, as it was probably one of the first outdoor schools. a strong and winning personality, she was a born leader, and · Many hours were spend on the Bermuda lawn, near the had a wide influence. She helped to obtain positions and schoolroom, under the spreading branches of giant fig and openings for young teachers and others, and ever lent ai~ and pepper trees, where the children studied and recited happily, comforttothesickandlonely and helpless. It seemed as 1fshe with Arizona's warm, blue sky above and the birds singing were just made to be a Pathfinder.

52 ANNIE CADMAN times hiding in the tunnels and shafts. The provisions were BORN: unknown hauled from Wilcox by wagon. The copper was hauled out in IN: unknown ox wagons to Wilcox which was the nearest railroad. FATHER: unknown MOTHER: unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: 1881 - Richman Basin HUSBAND: John Cadman Married: 1874 - Virginia City, Nevada Children: Mansie C. Cadman Fleming ELIZA O'FLYNN CAMPBELL Relatives in wars: unknown BORN: August 15th, 1850 IN: County Boyle, Ireland I married John Cadman in Virginia City, Nevada in FATHER: Francis O'Flynn 1874, and came to Arizona in 1881. MOTHER: Mary M. Menimin CAME TO ARIZONA: July, 1875 - Prescott I came by railroad from Virginia City to Tombstone, HUSBAND: Daniel Campbell and stayed there six weeks. On account ofIndian outbreaks Married: July 28th, 1873 - Dodge City, Kansas it was not safe to travel. From there we went by railroad to Children: Harry Dane, Joseph K. Thomas E., Alice M., Casa Grande; stayed there one day and started/or Globe by Lyla, Nellie, Lida stage to Silver King, spent the night there and left by mule Relatives in wars: Sons: Harry Dane and Thomas E. and pack train, with my baby on a burro's back in a basket enlisted in "Rough Riders" in Prescott, Arizona, April, over the Silver King Trail to Bloody Tanks where we stopped 1898. Did not see service and made dinner. From Bloody Tanks we came by buckboard wagon to Globe, then went to Richman's Basin were Mr. Eliza O'Flynn Campbell was born August 15th, 1850 in Cadman was foreman in the McMorris Mine. I bought one County Boyle, Ireland. Her parents were Francis O'Flynn pillow from Mrs. E. F. Kellner and paid fourteen dollars for andMaryM.Menimin. OnJuly28th, 1873 atDodgeCity, it and a stove (very small) for one hundred dollars. We had Kansas Eliza married Daniel Campbell and the following no mattress so slept on hay. There was not church at that children were born to them: Harry D ., Joseph K., Thomas E., time, a priest would come from Florence about every six Alice M., Lyla, Nellie and Lida. months. The Campbell's arrived in Arizona in July, 1875 and There were no Woman's Clubs in those days and the settled at Prescott, Yavapai County. Having lived in Prescott Four Hundred was not known nor Associated Charities. during the pioneer period, Mrs. Campbell experienced all of Every one was kind to each other and ready to help in case the hardships and privations incident of that time and also all of trouble or sickness. of the suffering and anxiety of a wife of a soldier in constant warfare with Indians. She was a devoted mother, an ardent Women went prospecting as well as the men. I could go member and supporter of the Catholic Church and Aid not_Ja~ from our door and find in the black dirt nuggets Societies, militant and earnest laborer for schools and edu­ we1g~mgfrom one oz. to thirteen pounds ofpure silver; this cational institutions, a sound political thinker and mentor to was m Richman' s Basin. I was riding with my little girl one her son, Thomas E. Campbell during his career in public day looking for a stray horse, when my horse stumbled and service. m? foot hit a rock. I looked to see what it was and found a piece ofnative silver then I covered it all up and went home. Harry Dane and Thomas E. Campbell enlisted in lhe Rough I told my husband, we staked a claim and worked this Riders at Prescott, Arizona in April, 1898 but neither saw property for some time, took out much silver, and made good. service. Another man staked the property next to ours and took out some forty thousand dollars worth right on top ofthe ground. Mrs. Campbell's son, Thomas E. Campbell, was lhe first Republican Governor of the State of Arizona, and lhe first While living at Richman' s Basin the Indians were troublesome for two or more years. When the Indians were Native Son to hold that office. on the war path large fires were built as signals to the settlers. The stage driver from Globe came one day saying that. the Indians. were coming.· I took my family. down into the mine while my husband stayed on guard. We did this many

53 MARY ANDERSON CLARK BORN: 1865 IN: County Tyrone, Ireland CATHARINE VILES CHAMBERLIN FATHER: James Anderson BORN: February 20, 1806 MOTHER: Marjorie Anderson IN: New Jersey CAME TO ARIZONA: 1880-Globe FATHER: Joseph Viles HUSBAND: John C. Clark MOTHER: Mrs. Viles Married: Globe, 1892 CAME TO ARIZONA: February 25, 1873 - Gila Bend Children: John N., Porter W., Sade J., Charles M. HUSBAND: Aaron Chamberlin Relatives in war: Father - First Lieutenant in United Children: Andres, Catheron, Elizabeth, Sally Ann, States Anny 1866 - 1878 Lucretia, Aaron, Jr., Enoch, Joseph Relatives in war: Father Joseph Vile, Revolutionary I came to Globe to join my father, mother, sister War, also War of 1812 and brother who were here since 1880. My father came to Arizona in 1870 from Kansas. I came from New York Mrs. Catharine Viles Chamberlin crossed the plains to Casa Grande, then by stage to Globe; the stage driver with her family in 1844 on her way to Oregon, where they told me tales that frightened me, though we did not meet located at Monmouth. When her daughter died in Los with any trouble. I asked him how many churches in Angeles in 1872, Mrs. Chamberlain, with her youngest son Globe, he laughed and said 'just one," but there was Enoch, came down from Monmouth, Oregon to join her many saloons. In the old country a saloon is called a daughter's family at Compton, and together they all came to Public House and I was much disappointed to find out Arizona what the difference was.

First they went to Gila Bend, then on to Phoenix, the Though in traveling I met with no hardships, all was same year. The family reached Globe in 1876 when the silver very strange to me. We did expect to be attached by Indians boom was on and everyone treated copper with disdain. Mrs. after leaving Casa Grande, but were not as Victorios' Band Chamberlin was one of the first few white women of the was out atthattime, he was feared even more than Geronimo. Globe District In 1885 the smelter closed down for three months; it was at that time owned by Simpson & Kiser ofBaltimore, in April, 1887 the smelter closed again, reopened December 28, 1887, in the meantime the freighters who hauled the bullion to Wilcox, the nearest railroad, had no reason to make the trip which made the town shon of groceries. We had meat and potatoes all such vegetable that could be raised here, the freighters would haul the copper then on return trips would haul back coke and provisions. When we really had to have things they organized a train of several wagons, went to Wilcox and then on the way home this side of San Carlos the Indians attacked them and took the gun from a man named Cusper and killed him with his own gun. After killing Cusper the Indians, there were nine in the party, left the reservation went down on the San Pedro, killing prospectors and making much trouble until they were cap­ tured /Jy the troops, brought to Globe in 1888. I71ey were tried and in March, 1888 one was hanged, the remaining eight sentenced to prison.

When the provisions were at hand they were soon all spoken for and everyone had some, there was no selfishness. everyone was willing to share with another. I can add that corn meal at that time was a luxury.

There were many false alamis about the Indians com­ ing this way. In 1886 the Indians. Geronimo in lead, were out

54 and word was passed that they attacked the Middleton family MARGARET ROWE CLIFFORD at Bloody Tanks, every man who could get a horse went out BORN: About 1841 to protect the women, but they had all found safe places to IN:Montreal,Canada hide. On one occasion word came that Geronimo was headed FATHER: Patrick Rowe this way and all the women were taken to the brewery cellar MOTHER: Jane Rowe for safety, in all the excitement they forgot to notify mother CAME TO ARIZONA: In the early seventies - and myself. We went to bed, slept fine and the next morning Southern Arizona saw all the women ofthe town coming to our house. We could HUSBAND: Clifford notthinkwhy till they told us they came to apologize, as it was Married: Colorado only a false alarm there was no hann ®ne. My father at that Children: unknown time was leasing the Fame propeny north of Globe. There Relatives in wars: unknown was always some to wam the men at work and the prospec­ tors, to look out when ever trouble was expected, though the Margaret Rowe Clifford, who wrote the words to the trouble was all around us they made much trouble at Gibson. Arizona State Anthem was born in Montreal, Canada about 1841. Her parents, Patrick and Jane Rowe were born in Globe had no hospital at that time. In case ofsickness Ireland. When Margaret Rowe was a baby her parents friends would take care of one another and people were moved to Vermont, later to Wisconsin. She taught school willing to help ifone was down and out, no money, someone in Wisconsin and in Colorado where she married Mr. would pass a hat around get several hundred ®liars in short Clifford. When she was about thirty they moved to Arizona. time for the needy and a pauper grave was not known there going to the southern part, and finally settling in Douglas, then. Those were truly Christian days of Globe. where she lived until she entered the Arizona Pioneer's Home November 1st, 1921. Globe had no banks at that time. We could leave money at any store and a man's world was all that was wanted. The (The following from the Arizona Republican, No­ railroad reached Globe in 1897 in November; in February it vember 1, 1921) was extended to the old Buffalo Smelter. Loranzo Bailey was speaker ofthe day. He said that Globe would some day be one Margaret Rowe Clifford, who wrote the words to the of the largest mining camps which no doubt it will". Arizona state anthem, yesterday took up her residence at the Pioneer's Home in Prescott Eighty years of age and confined to a wheel chair the pioneer woman plans to spend her remaining years in the state institution. There she will be a guest with other men and women who like herself came to Arizona in the early days.

Her own residence dates 11-ack over a period of 40 years, the greater part of which was spent in Cochise County. For some time past she has been in ill health and recently fell and suffered a fractured leg, and although physicians told her she would not be unable to walk unless she consented to an operation, she declined and adopted a wheel chair. Recently her friends made application for her entrance into the Pioneer's Home.

Mrs. Clifford made a special request for her own room and asked permission to use her own carpet on the floor. Both requests were granted. Known throughout the state for a number of years she came into particular prominence when the Fourth Legislature adopted her march song as the state anthem and made an appropriation of $250.00 for the song, the music of which was composed by Maurice Blumenthal.

55 JENNIE FOSTER CLUFF discovered a beautiful valley and about thirty families BORN: March 4, 1852 moved there. We thought we had found a home at last so IN: Iowa tired of moving around we had one house built. We built FATIIER: George Foster our houses quite close together for the Indians were still MOTHER: Mary Jane Meulla quite hostile. We only got to stay there a little more than two CAME TO ARIZONA: 1876 - Gila Valley years when we had to go and leave our home and what we HUSBAND: Alfred A. Cluff had. The Indians and cattle men did not want any fanning Married: 1867 - Utah done around the mountains, so we had to go on further Children: Jennie, Franklin, (one daughter unnamed in south. We finally went to the Gila Valley and made some research) more homes and planted fruit trees, but it was hard for us Relatives in the wars: as we had chills and fevers and sickness ofall kinds, but the Lord was good to us and we managed to make good our My parents were born in Ireland, George Foster and Mission in Arizona. We lived thirty-five years in the Gila Mary Jane Meulla Foster. They came to American when Valley. My husband raised fruits of all kinds. He proved they were young and married in the year of1831. They had to others that you could raise fruit in that valley, and he eight children two boys and six girls, and I was the youngest travelled through a great deal of the territory and sold of them all. I was born in the year 1852, March 4, on the peach trees, apple trees, plum trees and grapes. We have plains of Iowa. worked to make the desert blossom. I have always had flowers growing around my homes for I have had many My father with his eight children arrived in Salt Lake homes in Arizona. We have spent the rest of our lives Valley in the year 1852; I was four months old when we helping Arizona grow from a little territory to a lovely arrived there. My mother was buried on the Plans. I was State. My present home is in Mesa in the Salt River Valley. educated in the schools of that territory. Our three children have all married and gone.

I married in the year 1867 to a young man whose name was Alfred A. Cluff. He was born in the year 1844 in the State of Illinois. We made our home in Provo, Utah. My husband was called with others by Brigham Young, then NAN PRICE CONGER President ofour church, to go to the territory ofArizona to BORN: 1877 make permanent homes. In the month ofFebruary, 1876 we IN: Downey, California started in company with others for Arizona. Our family FATHER: Nathan Price consisted ofourselves and two children, one little daughter MOTHER: Effie Price six years old and a baby boy, Franklin; who was three years CAME TO ARIZONA: 1880 By way of Ywna desert old. We had one wagon and two horses and a little brown from California to Phoenix cow that was tied to the back ofthe wagon and came all the HUSBAND: C. A. Conger way, which gave us a nice bucket ofmilk night and morning. Married: 1901 When she was too tired we would go out and cut green grass Children: Richard Douglas Conger forhertoeat. Shefurnishedmilkforthechildrenandforone Relatives in Wars: Great-grandfather Thomas Reed and dear friend who was sick on the way. We had wind and rain Richard Shaw in War of 1812. Father Nathan Price three and snow on the Buckskin Mountains. Wizen we reached the years in Civil War. Big ColoradoRiveritwasvery high we had to cross inajlat boat, one wagon at a time; there was seven wagons in one I was born in California near Downey in 1877. My train so we camped and took our time getting over and all parents were Nathan and Effie Price from Missouri. My crossed over in safety and was glad to start on our journey great-grandfathers Thomas Reed andRichardShaw were in again. We had to stop many times and make roads where the 1812 War. My father was three years in the Civil War. there were none. In 1880 my parents moved to Arizona, leaving January My husband build a little log room for me and there is 5, and arriving in Maricopa, by way of Yuma Desert April, where one baby was born. We named her Jennie and that 1880. We were short on money and had to pawn a gun to buy made three children for us. The high waters took out the provisions to go on to Phoenix. We had two wagons one dam in the river so we moved up in the Pine Country. Went large and one a light spring buggy and several horses. It was to a place in the mountains that was so beautiful and my difficult to find the road across the desert for the wind often husband rented a ranch from a man whose name was Cooly. We remained there two years. then my husband and others

56 changed the sand hills over night from one side ofthe road ate Mexican. We had a Mexican horse wrangler that taught to the other. We had a guide. me many words in his language as well as to count.

We left the railroad when we went to Phoenix; the Mrs. Black was my second teacher. We moved to road was completed to Maricopa. We moved to Globe in Wheat.fields where we bought what is now the old Devore March on the eighteenth. We came by way of Reno Pass place. We had lots of cattle and horses. I rode many days and camped on a lot just back of the present court house. on the cow range with my brothers. At nineteen I passed We located the lot the Episcopal Church now stands on. teachers examination and taught school at Grapevine, on the Salt River. The next year I taught at home at Wheat.fields. We then built a two room adobe house up the street from the school house. We did not have a floor, no Mrs. Craig and I organized a Sunday School at windows: it was impossible to get lumber. I remember very Wheat.fields. It ran/or two years. I taught my first school, well of riding stick horses and playing dolls with Globie a private Sum.mer School in our milk house. I put the money Kennedy, the first white male child bom in Globe, as well inon an organ. We had cattle and were rather well todo but as Arizona Lawrence the first white baby girl born in father and mother insisted we buy our own things. So I Globe. polished a stove once for a neighbor when I was small and used the money to help buy a violin. We ran a dairy for John Kennedy; twenty-five cents was our smallest change. We took the Kennedy cattle on the Dancing and horseback riding were our best amuse­ shares they were known as the sixty-six cattle: that was the ments. Our balls would do credit to the best of balls given brand. We moved to Mineral Creek, eighteen miles over the today in Arizona. We took the Delineator and sent for Pinal Mountains. We went by way of El Capitan and Butterickpatternsandmadeallofourownclothes. TheO.D. Dripping Spring we were fortunate in getting lumber from bought in Millinery. We were very anxious to keep up with a mining company that had abandoned the Mine and Mill. the styles. We had many big hearted educated men and We built a house near the old Government Springs. women in our midst who delighted in helping us advance.

We stayed three years at Mineral Creek. It was an We often rode miles to sit up with a sick neighbor. We isolated spot. We entertained Billie the Kid, a notorious did not know what trained nurse were. I never saw a train horse thief at dinner one day. He had a span of stolen of cars till I was twenty-two years of age, that was in horses with him, he had stolen from Mr. Armer on Salt Phoenix. I came near taking to the sage brush like a River, of course, we did not know it at the time. frightened Jackrabbit. I went to a post office O~f in Gila County and the mail was kept in a coffee pot. ·' We ran from the hostile Indians over the trail that crossed the divide over Pinal Mountains three different We had good hunting dogs: we often tried wild cats, times. Twice in the night; we all rode horseback. I rode foxes and skunks. Several times I took the gun and went to behind Mother on old "Brown," an old horse we brought the barking dogs and shot varments by myself in the night from Ca[fomia. I nodded often and sometimes came near when the men would be gone. I never heard but two or three slipping off. One night we went out in the teeth ofa thunder sermons preached until I was grown. storm; we had to hurry for fear ofthe Indians beating us to the Spring, now known as the Sulphide Del Ray. I We moved to Salt River Valley in 1898. I had two years remember I screamed and clung to mothers skirts when the in the State Nonna/ School. My certificate gave me credits courier Bill Beard came to warn us to hurry to Globe. Our to enter second year. My eyes failed ,ne and I had to quit old trail is still used and visible almost the ranch from the school. In/901 IwasmarriedtoC. W. Conger. lnl909our top ofthe divide above Sulphide Del Ray. We would return only child Richard Douglas was bom. I have lived in nearly to the ranch after the raids, the dogs and cats would meet every town in the state. Sometimes in a good house, some­ us up the trail halfa mile or so. I have run many times when times in a shack and only for convenience sake would/ prefer out playing. When the dog would growl or bark we always the house, for the camp life brings me nearer to the great were afraid of Indians. sunshiny out-of-doors.

I was nine years old before I went to school a day. Mrs. James Ross Wiley was my first teacher, very little consideration was shown me because I was backward and I wore the dunce cap once because I couldn't count to one hundred. Strange I could count in Mexican all right, but that didn 'r go with Mrs. Ross, she evidently didn ·, appreci-

57 ELIZABETH VffiGINIA COSNER CUMMINGS We clung to old Missouri until the spring of 1877, BORN: September 8, 1846 times were hard and so was the climate and our old family IN: Hardy County, Virginia somewhat scattered, so we decided to find at least a better FA TIIER: Adam Cosner climate. As there was a colony going to New Mexico and MOTHER: Rachel Michael Cosner Arizona, we decided to cast our lot with them. Jose Gregg CAME TO ARIZONA: October 1, 1877 - Salt River was writing wonderful things about Arizona. There was no Valley railroad west of Trinidad, so we started out in prairie HUSBAND: Whitfield Townsend Cummings schooners. Married: November 22, 1869 Children: Minnie Townsend Cummings Bailey, Nora We had only five children to start with. John was two Orlena Cummings Austin, Della Flora Cummings Keller, months and two days old. May 22, 1877 we met on the Mary Eleanor Cummings McTaggart, John Adams prairie near Blue Springs. There were eleven wagons and Cummings, Hattie Belle Cummings Cummins, Lucy thirty-two men, women and children. Our party consisted Emogine Cummings Warner, Edwin Wayne Cummings, of sister Maggie Steele and family, brothers Isaac and Ethel Estelle Cummings Pearman, Meta Annice, Rachel Gabriel Cosner, J. W. Cummings and family, Theo. Pearl Goodredge and family, Tom Cummins and family, S. Israel Relatives in Wars: Cosner and family and uncle Jake Greeg (as we called him) and his wife. He was elected wagon boss as he had in Toe following was written by Mrs. Cummings for her chil­ younger days traveled over the Santa Fe trail. dren after their family records were burned. Our trip was full ofadventures, some funny and others My mother's maiden name was Rachel Michael. She more serious. The last night before our arrival at Fort was born in Hardy Co., Virginia. (Later Grant Co., West Union, New Mexico there were twelve mules and horses of Virginia.) She married Adam Cosner and died at the age of our train stolen. With a kind hearted ranchmanfor pilot and 61 in 1870. Father died at the age of 41. six of our men took the trail at daybreak and followed through the mountains until late afternoon when they Grandmother Michael's maiden name was Elizabeth overtook the thieves, wounded one (who died in a few days) Stingley, she was of German descent and lived to be 82. and returned to camp next day. GrandfatherMichaelwasScotchandGerman. Hediedinhis 70thyear. GrandfatherCosnerwas born in Virginia. Grand­ We then drove ten miles to Moro River where Dr. J. L. mother Cosner was born in Germany and came to America Gregg was stopping. He had started one year ahead of us when a small child. Her maiden name was Hawk. Her but had been delayed by an accident, having shot himself in mother's name was Wise. Grandmother died at the age of91, the leg. He had had it amputated a couple ofmonths before Grandfather Cosner at the age of 80. we arrived After resting our teams and waiting for the doctor to get ready to travel a small party of us started Father, John Nisen Cummings died at the age of 60 September lstfor Arizona. Dr. Gregg andfamily, hisfat~r years in 1871. He came from Tennessee to Missouri when a and mother, J. H. Cummings and family, brothers Gabriel young man. He married a Miss Woods who died and left two and Isaac Cosner and ourselves were all that were brave children, George andSerilda. He afterward married Eleanor enough to come on. After a hard trip through the mountains Ballett, a widow with two children, James and Mary. Her we arrived in the Salt River Valley, October 1, 1877. Our maiden name was Barnette. I know little of their ancestors. first stop was at Valed mill near where the Asylum now stands. We rented a/arm and lived where the camp ground My mother was left a widow at the age of40, with twelve is near Brill addition. children, the youngest one year old. After a hard struggle to keep soul and body together during the war of rebellion, we In August, 1878 we took up a homestead two miles sold the old farm and what was left on it and all except sister southwest of Tempe, then Hayden's Ferry, where we have Lydia Rinehart (who had moved to Iowa) went to Jackson since resided. Our house burned June 13, 1910. Co., Missouri in 1868. We arrived in Pleasant Hill the middle of March. We were met by my brothers, Wayne and Isarel, Mrs. JohnMcTaggart (Mary Eleanor Cummings) in talking who had preceded us. We bought a little Jann eight miles east abut the early experience ofthe family said that the old cow ofIndependence, Jackson County. In September our mother "Maggie" was brought all of the way from Missouri in died. I had been married not quite one year. In another year order to have milk for the baby John. The cow followed the father Cummings died.

58 wagon without tying and they had to drive it in the wagon and marveled at the lost art. The method ofmaking adobe when the mule got sick. Several years after they arrived the that had withstood the elements for centuries. father came home one day and finding the family in tears feared someone ofthe family had died but when he inquired There was daily stage service between Casa Grande found it was the cow. and Florence from there to Globe every other day, and I happened to arrive on the day there was no stage so had Accommodations were scant in those days and when the twenty-four hours to observe the town. Florence was the brush home of the family was completed they felt very county seat ofPinal county. The houses were adobe with flat stylish indeed. Only the front entrance had a door, at the dirt roofs, woodwork painted blue, yards enclosed by high back o1d quilts di.d duty. There were no windows and the adobe walls, all white washed making a dreadful glare. floor was that provided by Mother Earth. Brush and earth There were lots ofcottonwood trees, and a few large ranches also formed the roof and if the rain continued too long, the south of town with fruit trees and grape vines. roof would leak, a hole would be dug in the center of the floor for the water to drain into and the children baled it At the hotel I met the bride ofHinson Thomas. He was out. sheriffof Pinal County at that time, she, before her marriage, had been teaching school in Miami, near the present site of Birch. She told me some dreadful Indian stories, but I thought she was trying to scare a tenderfoot.

The rest of the trip to Globe was without incident ALICE J. DONOVAN CURNOW except that we forded the Gila. The driver said they always BORN: February 13, 1861 forded as there were no bridges and no danger. We changed IN: Whitefield, Maine horses frequently and come on a gallop up hill and down. FATHER: Edward Donovan The road must have come in near the present Winkelman MOTHER: Sarah Donovan Highway, as we came through the reservation for a short CAME TO ARIZONA: March, 1881 - Richmond Basin distance. The trip from Casa Grande to Globe required two HUSBAND: Thomas W. Curnow days and one night of constant traveling. Married: December 18, 1879 - Nevada Children: Alice, E. Murry, Charles T., Hele, Frances My husband met me at Globe and we went on to Relatives in wars: Richmond Basin where he was working at the McMorris Mine. Richmond Basin was discovered by the Chilson I was born February the 13th, 1861 in Whitefield, Brothers, who came through his country in the first wagon Maine where my father was also born. I attended school in to make the trip. They picked up $82,000.00 worth of silver Augusta. Two of my classmates were Marian Longfellow, nuggets off the tip of the ground. The oldest brother Gip, niece of the poet, and Margaret Blaine, now the wife of then bought a home for their parents at Anaheim, California. Walter Damrosch. Richard and Howard Goodwin, the sons He then went to New York and incorporated the Nugget ofthe first governor ofArizona, and John C. Goodwin, also Mine. He brought back with him the Drew family, Mr. and attended this school. Mrs. Drew and their son Edward, who is ,narried and living in Florence, and their daughter. They brought with them a We came to Nevada in January, 1877 where I married library table bureau, bed and wardrobe, which cost $380.00 Thomas W. Curnow, December 18, 1879. We had five to bring from the railroad to the Basin. E. F. Kellner was to chi1dren -Alice, E. Murry, Charles T., Helen, and Frances. finance the project, which was a complete failure, as no ,nore ore was found there. After the failure of the mining I came to Arizona early in March 1881. My husband project Mr. Kellner built a store putting George Tnmto in had come the preceding January. Leaving the railroad at charge. Mr. Drew was to bring the daily supplies, mail and Casa Grande we passed the ruins of that name. The state fresh meat and Mrs. Drew was to have the boarding house driver told us that there was in the middle near the top ofthe which requires description. A long narrow room with one ruin a room still intact about eight feet square with one small small window, no ceiling, paint or paper; a table of three opening. We passed over a little rise ofground and dropped boards without cover ofany kind, a long bench on either side down into what the driver said they called "The Lake" when furnished the room. The menu ofbread, meat and coffee was it rained there was always water there if no other place. At never changed save that some time there was condensed that time only a few inches stood in the lower part. We drove milk. Eagle Brand, for the coffee, and nearly always sugar. through one end of it. The passengers decided that it must and very occasionally potatoes. For this we paid nine dollars have been a reservoir for the prehistoric people ofthe ruins per week each, needless to say we tried to get a house, but his

59 proved impossible, as the only houses available were dug­ outs. These were a short tunnel in front of which were set At Casa Grande two trains were stalled on account of posts cut from the hill side, covered with brush and lastly washouts east and west. The tracks were built up log cabin withbeargrass, whichshedtherain. Ididnotwantthatkind fashion, with railroad ties, over this trains were slowly of house, so Mr. Curnow cut enough mesquite trees for passed, the engine wheels sinking to the hubs, and over all posts, I sewed canvas for the suies, and McMorris Mining that vast country flowed the Gila. Company sold us enough lumber and shingles for a roof. This was very kind of them as their wagons were taxed to By leaving I escaped a bad Indian scare that summer and their capacity to bring supplies for the mine. The chimney returned in April with my two nwnths old daughter. On the and excavations ofthis house can still be seen at Wheat.fields. train from San Francisco the men were discussing the Indi­ ans. The Government had renwved General Crook, and put I had shipped household goods but they were a long while General Miles in charge. on the road, furniture was at a premium, so a post se'ilt conveniently from the uprights of the house with cross During my absence Tom West.foreman ofthe mine had built pieces served/or a bedstead, over this we stretched canvas a house near ours, and had brought his wife and three boys and a tick filled with hay off the hills. It was like camping to live there. Mr. and Mrs. Cadman and their daughter, a out, but we were comfortable the weather being warm by the Stewart family, and Ben Pascoe andfamily had come to live time this was finished. For furniture we had a small at the Basin. homemade table, and stools made by fastening a block on a board about a foot square on this were fastened the legs at The Government had sent us guns and ammunition for an angle to give spread at the bottom. My trunk served as protection against the Indians and one night a runner came adishcupboard. Therewere.fifty-twomenincamp,andtwo telling us the Indians were on the war-path headed in our saloons, so the brewery man made regular trips. Mr. direction. We stayed in an abandoned tunnel for two niglus. Curnow prevailed on him to bring me a rocking chair with The tunnel ran straight into the hill for some distance then cost $9.00. It had displaced that much beer. · turned sharply to the right. Into this angle were placed the women and children, the men standing guard at the entrance. Into this house one day came a man and taxed us ten One candle with a shade infront to prevent the Indians from dollars to build a schoolhouse in Miami. Wasn't that an seeing the light, this furnished enough light to see the crick­ early day progress. The laws even then provided for educa­ ets, bugs, and spuiers covering the walls. They were all tion. A room had been rented where Mrs. Thomas taught white. I suppose from being under ground Two awful nights but there were enough children at this time to demand a were spent in this manner, when another man was sent to tell school house. InAugustwe decided I would better go home us the danger was passed. to Nevada as there were no doctors, no comforts and the winters were very severe at that altitude. When we reached During the summer a party ofus climbed the peak on the left Globe word had been received that the Indians were bad. Basin. We found the top and suies near the top covered with It would not be safe to go by stage so went by Silver King what appeared to be broken pieces of slag. I have seen the Trail which provuied daily service for passengers and same condition when an old slag dump was breaking up. We freight. We came by surrey to Bloody Tanks, and from there thought it showed volcanic action, which had perhaps thrown continued our journey by burros. It was a hard trip as I had the Chilso nuggets out, and they had not gone high enough/or never been in a saddle before. At Devil's Canyon we had to their supply. walk as it was not safe even to ride a burro up the hill. We had dinner at Iron's Ranch, and got to King before dark. That summer was a delightful one. A slwwer every day. One Traveling next day by stage, passing through Pinal, for­ stonn stands out above all the rest, to see that again would be merly Picked Post. Pinal was a small town where the mill worth roughing it for another season. It was evening and I to treat the Silver King ore was located On reaching the had gone out to enjoy the nwonlight. The few clouds above Gila the men in the stage said they would cross in the boat. the peak gathered rapidly and rolled down the 11wuntain side I asked the driver ifit was safe in the stage and he said, 'Oh, with lightening playing through them. They passed over us yes I suppose it is safe enough', and I crossed that way not quickly crossed the mesa from which there was a sheer drop, knowing the danger, the water coming nearly as high as the into this they passed and we had the unique experience of seat. I supposed it was always that way, and that the men looking down on a stonn. To the right beneath a dark cloud were crossing in the boat/or the novelty ofit. The next day, was a moonlight rainbow. T11e lightening was flashing in a no banks were visible, and no boats crossed for several number ofstorms on the mountain range far to the west.forest days. fires were bu ming on the highest peak of the Pinals. Above

60 us the moon was brightly shining. the stage hitting Middleton whofelloutofthe stage, when the Mexican whipped up the horses and drove to Florence giving That autumn we moved to Globe and found some very the alarm. Trailers were sentfromSan Carlos who trailed the pleasant people. We had dances in the old school house, still Indians over the peak ofa mountain where they scattered and standing nearly opposite the station in Globe. The ladies the "Indian Kid" began his criminal career. wore beautiful dresses and always wore white kid gloves. They had not been long enough away from the east to drop In 1894 a Chautauqua Circle was formed, which was greatly this custom We had some very good concerts given by e~joyed and provided entertainments. On Shakespeare's resident musicians. birthday we had a public program with readings from the author, by college men who were among us. Longfellow's In 1884 we moved to the Gila River, near Riverside, now and other authors birthdays were celebrated. Kelver. By this time I was thoroughly afraid of the Indians although there was no danger for when on the war-path they The old Methodist Church was the only place ofworship and always went north. They came ingreatnumbers to gatherthe at Christmas time the miners always gave a days pay and fruit ofthe giant cactus that grew in the foothills beyond our every child got a present off the tree. The church on this ranch. Sometimes two or three would come into our house, occasion was crowded to hear the children. My children close the door and sit with their backs to it and were evidently always attended this Sunday School and my daughter played discussing my methods of housekeeping. When my courage the organ/or services/or a few years before leaving here/or reached the point that I could I picked up the water bucket high school In 1898 we left Globe and moved to Salt River and went toward the door, and said, 'U-ca-shee', (as nearly Valley where we now resided. · My two eldest children as I can spell this word) which was Indian for get out ofthe graduated from the Tempe Normal. way. They promptly obeyed. One morning, very early, the men had gone to tend something, before breakfast, I was just getting up when I heard a soft step on the back porch. I knew it was and Indian and called 'U-ca-shee", but he came on. I ran across the room, got a pistol that was always loaded and pointed it at him saying, 'U-ca-shee', he needed no second bidding, but ran from the house, meeting Mr. Curnow he told himwhatihaddone. Mr. Curnowsaidthatiwasloco(Indian for crazy) and I was never troubled with the Indians again. They consider a crazy person possessed of the devil or bewitched. After that they passed on the other side of the valley. The following year we returned to Globe where we remained till my two older children were ready for high school.

Before 1890 the Indians on the reservation had killed a great many freighters on their way from Wilcox to Globe. They would then bum the wagons after taking anything they wanted, turn the horses loose, or take them. The people protested that the punislunent administered by the Govern­ ~nt wa~ not ~evere enough to check their cri,nes. Finally nine Indian prisoners were turned over to the civil authori­ ties. They were convicted, one was hanged the others were sentenced to the penitentiary. These with a Mexican also sentenced to prison in left Globe in charge ofthe sheriff. Glen Reynolds and a deputy named Holmes, Gene Middleton drove the stage. They drove to Riverside the first day where they passed the night. A few miles from Riverside there was a sand wash up which the Indians were ordered to walk Rey~olds leading the way and Holmes in the rear. The ::;1ans were handc_uffed together in pairs, talking among kil 1:15elves. At a signal the Indians attacked the officers ling both then taking the rifles from Hol,nes they fired at

61 MINNIE ELLA TEVIS DAVENPORT BORN: April 17, 1874 IN: St. Louis, Mo. FATHER: James Herny Tevis MOTHER: Emma Boston Tevis CAME TO ARIZONA: January 5, 1881 -Teviston, AZ later known as Bowie Station HUSBAND: Thomas D. Davenport Married: 1895 - Teviston Children: Homer Hallum, Joubert Lume, Emma Virginia Relatives in Wars: Father James Herny Tevis in Mexican, Civil and Nicaraguan Wars; Son Homer Hallmn in World War - ambulance driver in Italy; Great-Grand­ father Samuel Wheeler in Revolutionary War

Minnie Ella Tevis, daughter of James Herny and Emma Boston Tevis, was born April 17, 1874 at St. Louis, Missouri. She came to Arizona with her parents when a very small child, the mother and children coming after the father who bad been much in the state before that In speaking of their arrival Mrs. Davenport says,

I can tell of a Little woman and six children who came to Teviston, Arizona on the first through passenger train to California on the Southern Pacific railway January 5, 1882. The Apache Indian outbreak put fear into our hearts and we were ready to leave on the next train. It is now 42 years since we came to Arizona pioneering, following a father who like the west with its wildness and harrowing tales and digging for gold.

In 1895, September, at Teviston, Minnie Ella Tevis was married to Thomas D. Davenport, and three children blessed the union. Homer Hallum, Joubert Lume, and Emma Vir­ ginia.

Mrs. Davenport is of Revolutionary stock, her great­ grandfather Samuel Wheeler having served in the War of Independence. Her father served under Lee in the Civil War, and was also a soldier in the Mexican and Nicaraguan wars. Her son Homer Hallum Davenport, served in the World War, driving an ambulance in Italy.

(See record of Emma Boston Tevis)

62 FRANCES CUMMINS DE SPAIN We then moved to Cerbat, where we had a house and BORN: February 28, 1848 all ofour household goods had arrived that we had shipped IN: Unknown from Los Angeles by wagon freight. We lived here about one FATHER: William Cummins year and were more comfortable until we had the misfortune MOTHER: Mary Ward Cummins to lose our home and everything by fire. From here we went CAME TO ARIZONA: 1873 - Cedar to the McCracken Mine and I cooked/or the first men that ran HUSBAND: Thomas Lynn De Spain the mill. It was a silver mine and I was given the first bar of Married: 1862 - California silver, a small one, that they ran. From here we moved to a Children: William C., Mary, Anna, James Lynn ranch on the Big Sandy in Mohave County where my two girls Relatives in wars: Unknown were born. For a nurse and doctor I had an old Mexican midwife. In 1879 we 11Wved to Cochise Co., and my husband My father's name was William Cummins. He was a worked a mill owned by Dick Gurd. My last child, a boy, was native ofLouisiana, and married Mary Ward of Galveston, born at this place. This was terribly rough country, cattle Texas. I was their first born and was named Frances, bom rustlers and Indians were bad and my greatest worry at this on February 22, 1841, and two years lateraboyJameswas time was/or, my eldest boy, William, who carried the mail on born. mule back from Fort Huahuacha to Charleston, as I was afraid he would be killed by the Indians. In the spring of1883 In the spring of 1854 my father with his family, we 11Wved to Phoenix. crossed the plains in a covered wagon drawn by oxen, of course and they were part ofa large emigrant train. We were I am a member ofthe Methodist church and have taken six months on the road, suffering many hardships and an interest in church work wherever I have lived. attacked several times by Indians, who at one time killed one of our men and drove off some of our stock. From Phoenix we 11Wved to Yuma Co., in a farming settlement on the Gila River. In our 11Wving at different times When our journey was about halfover my mother was we were often out in terrible sand storms. At one time I taken sick, and a little baby was born to her, but both she and remember right out in the middle ofthe desert we camped/or the baby died and were buried some place in Arizona on the the night and the next morning our horses had left us and we desert, we having to continue our journey. We reached Los were short of water. My husband had to leave me and our Angeles in the fall of1854, my father went into the mines and three little children while he went after the horses. Fortu­ we lived in the state of California until 1873. nately, he found the horses in time that we were able to go on and we reached water that night, our horses jut being able to I was married to Thomas Lynn De Spain in 1862. He walk by that time. was a native of Tennessee and crossed the plains the same year I did. His company was just ahead of ours. We have Another hardship the people had to put up with in reared four children, William C. De Spain, bom in Kem Co., pioneering in Arizona was the lack ofdoctors and nurses. I California, in the year 1866, May De Spain, bom in the Big was always ready and willing to help out in case of sickness Sandy, Arizona, in 1877, Anna bom at the same place in ofcourse there were many calls for me. I havecaredformany 1879, and James Lynn born at Charleston, Cochise Co., women when their babies were bom, acting as both nurse and Arizona in 1881. doctor, as in some ofthese places the nearest doctor would be one hundred miles away. And of course I would have to go We came to Arizona in 1873, crossing the Colorado in a wagon or horseback. Another hardship and one that I River at Har Bievielle stopping at Chloride, Mohave Co., but feared was the danger from the many big rattlesnakes that we only stayed here a short time because the day before we one would find and have to kill in these new places. reached this place all the mines closed down, leaving about three hundred and fifty men without work. We went from My four children have all grown to manhood and here to Cedar where my husband and father worked a silver womanhood and are all living except my oldest son who mine. There were very few ,nen in the place and I was the passed away in 1919, in a hospital in San Diego. He is buried only woman in camp. All ofour provisions had to be packed in Yuma. My husband passed away just nine months after­ in and I had to prepare all ofour meals on a camp fire. We ward and is buried in Yuma beside our son. My eldest lived at this place about eight 1,wnths, during all of which I daughter married H. H. McPhaul. They have five children. never saw a woman. We certainly went through many My youngest daughter married Charles M. Lewis and they hardships that are hard to explain, during our stay in this have two children, while my youngest son is married and has camp it rained almost continuously for about six weeks. three. So I am a grandmother of ten children and great~ grandmother of three.

63 JENNIE B. DINES BORN: 1873 I IN: Lone Jack, Missouri MARIE GATES DURNING FATHER: Lee A. Steele BORN: Unknown MOTHER: Margaret S. Cosner Steele IN: Unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: May 5, 1881 - One Mile south FATHER: Unknown ofTempe MOTHER: Unknown HUSBAND: James A. Dines, M.D. CAME TO ARIZONA: 1879 - Globe Married: 1897 - Tempe HUSBAND: - Durning Relatives in the War: Father - Lee A. Steele, served Married: Unknown through Civil War under Gen. Robert E. Lee; James and Children: Frank Gates Dempsy Steele, uncles in Civil War; Israel and Wayne Relatives in wars: Unknown Cosner. The Cosner brothers served in McNeils Army of West Virginia. Marie Gates Durning came to Nevada from Ohio in 1865. One son, Frank Gates, was born in Nevada. The trip In 1873, at Lone Jack, Missouri was born Jennie B. from Ohio was by oxen team and required six months. Steele daughter of Lee A. and Margaret S. Cosner Steele. She came to Arizona with her parents on May 5, 1881, the Moved to Arizona in 1879, where she resided until family settling one mile south of Tempe. 1889. Then lived in Montana awhile then moved to Southern Oregon, 1890. Back to Globe in 1909, and still resides with Jennie B. Steele, wasmarriedatTempein 1897 to Dr. their son Frank Gates in Globe. James A. Dines.

Mrs. Dines' father served under General RobertE. Lee in the Civil War. Her father's three brothers and three brothers of her mother also served in the Civil War.

In commenting on the pioneer life Mrs. Dines said, "I was too small to do anything but grow and extract a lot offun out of a dry desert country with only a few neighbors".

Mrs. Dines gives the following description of a real Pima Indian rabbit bunt

In the early days the Pimas did not farm, so lived on Mesquite beans, squawberries and game, rabbits, quail, rats, etc. They usually hunted in bunches, sometimes two hundred or three hundred would go to a tract of brush and mesquite land, surround as large a space as possible, spaced about one hundred feet apart, then start yelling and walking toward the middle. Of course, all game ran away from such a noise and soon the Indians were within arrow shooting distance ofquail, rat, or rabbit and began shooting. As the game was killed each manfastened it to the waist band ofhis gee-string so that when the hunt was over each fellow had a girdle of game,-no other clothes except gee-string, moc­ casins, paint and a bunch offeathers in his hair.

64 EMMA F. NASH ROBERTS EDWARDS LETTIE TEVIS EDWARDS BORN: 1868 BORN: IN: California IN: Empire, Kansas FATHER: J. H. Nash FATHER: James Henry Tevis MOTHER: ElmiraJ. Nash MOTHER: Emma Boston Tevis CAME TO ARIZONA: March 7. 1877 - Williamson CAME TO ARIZONA: January 5, 1881 (some records Valley, 25 miles from Prescott give 1882) HUSBAND: William Roberts, Nicols Edwards HUSBAND: William W. Edwards Married: Roberts - 1884, Williamson Valley Married: June 30, 1897 - Teviston (Bowie Station) Children: Edith, Linnie, Osman, Grace, Martin A. Eva, Children: Edward Tevis, Emma Katherine Roy, Opal Relative in the war: Great Grandfather Samuel Wheeler Relatives in the War: Son - Martin A. Roberts in World in Revolutionary War, Father James Henry Tevis in War Mexican, Indian, Civil and Nicaraguan Wars; Son Edward Tevis Edwards in World War also two nephews in World Emma F. Nash, the daughter of J. H. Nash and Elmira War. J. Nash was born in California in 1868. The family moved to Arizona in 1877 by wagon, arriving March 7th and settled at Williamson Valley, twenty-five miles from Prescott, to the I was born at Empire, Kansas the daughter to James west Henry and Emma Boston Tevis. Was married at Teviston, (Bowie Station) Arizona, June 30, 1897 to William W. In 1884 Miss Nash was married to William Roberts at Edwards. We have two childen, Edward Tevis Edwards and Williamson Valley. she was latermarried to Nichols Edwards. Emma Katherine Edwards. Our son served his country in she is the mother of eight children Edith, Minnie, Osman, The World War. Grace, Martin A., Eva, Roy, and Opal. One son Martin A. Roberts served in the World War. I came to Arizona January 5, 1881 with my mother and five sisters, our father having lived in Arizona at various Mrs. Edwards says: times for many years before that. We came into Arizona on the first through passenger train on the Southern Pacific, In 1880 my step-father had a saloon and boarding and made our home at Teviston. The railroad station houseatHell'sCanyon. We built a house in February, stayed received the name ofBowie though the town was named after there until November when we were run out by the Indians as my father. the Apaches were on the warpath. We then came back to Williamson Valley. In the night time we could see their My father was a soldier in the Mexican, Indian Civil signal.fires, every winter. I was then twelve years old. I went and Nicaraguan Wars and came to Arizona very early. At the to the Central School all winter. We got our drinking water time that he arrived there were large sections inundated with at the canal. Needless to say there were no street cars. water. He platted a town 114 miles east of Tucson, set out trees and called it Teviston. After I was married our home was in the mountains, thirty miles from Prescott, twelve miles from the post office, One evening after our arrival Indian signals were seen eight miles from mothers. All ofmy children were born here on the nearby mountains. My father could interpret these but one and I had many trails in life. I did everything but signals and told us to prepareforanattack. This meantrnake plow. up ammunition. Although a very small child I could help and my part was pressing the powder into the paper shell and passing it on to another person, who in turn would adjust the wads and so on until the shells were loaded and laid aside for use.

My father built two adobe huts in the rear ofour yard with mud roofs avoiding flar111nable material as much as possible for it was the habit ofthe savage to drive his captives from a building by sending a burning arrow into the dry roof, firing the building and murdering the victims as they tried to escape from the conflagration. These two huts had port holes to watch the approach of the enemy and also to shoot

65 from. E. Blanche Farrington, who married H. M. Chapman, and There were no undertakers or embalmers in those Grace and Ernest who died in early childhood. days closer than one hundred miles and it was my mother's custom to keep yards ofblack sateen or silesia or calico on Mrs. Farrington came to Arizona in 1864 with her hand, a few yards of black lace and ribbon, and perhaps parents. They arrived on the 22nd of September and settled enough of goods for a shroud, and I have even seen her at Wickenburg, but a few years later moved to PrescotL Mr. removing her last pair ofwhite hose in order to pass them Farrington came to Arizona a year earlier. His was a life on/or someone to be buried in. The pine or rosewood boxes filled with dangers and great adventures. He was present at were lined with the materials kept on hand by my mother and the organization of the Territory of Arizona. served as a resting place for the body of some friends or neighbor who had passed on. The Farrington and Shiver families had many exciting experiences with hostile Indians and Mrs. Farrington stood I never remember of my being starved, yet today I guard with other women and men in Chino Valley when the marvel that my parents were able to supply a family of six Indians came in and demanded food, cattle, clothing etc., hungry children in those days when stores were few and far but were fmally successful in frightening the red men away between and the supplies scanty. Meat was purchased and to Fort Whipple. Life was endangered many times and about twice a month and always a halfor a quarter ofa beef many hardships were endured. at a time. We were all healthy and happy and my parents were hospitable and believing in the maxim "always room The only religious meeting in those early days were for one more". when a few faithful ones met in the homes and read the Bible and sang hymns. No churches nor real organizations. (see also records of Minnie Tevis Davenport and Emma Schools were conducted rather spasmodically under a pri­ Boston Tevis) vate teachers. Political sides were uncertain. On a July 4th celebration in Wickenburg, a patriotic woman, Mrs. Martha Van Tassel, who was the teacher ran up the American Flag. It was shot down by a half drunken rebel.

In spite of so many privatations more or less of a social side of life was enjoyed by the pioneer. Visiting and occasional dances etc., broke the monotony. Opportunities MARYE. SillVERS F ARRJNGTON for service were many and varied, helping to nurse the sick, BORN: May 22, 1851 fighting the hostile tribes, and learning to do without actual JN: near Shell City, Missouri necessities. FATHER: David Wesley Shivers MOTHER: Mrs. David Shivers CAME TO ARIZONA: September 23,1864 - Wickenburg HUSBAND: Rufus E. Farrington Married: November 12, 1867 - Prescott Children: E. Blanche Farrington Chapman, Grace, Ernest Relatives in Wars: Ancestors in Revolutionary War but names not available; Grandfather Thomas Shivers in War of 1813; Father David Wesley Shivers in home militia in Civil War, owing to blindness of an eye, was not in service away from home.

Mary E. Shivers, daughter of Mrs. and Mrs. David Wesley Shivers was born near Shell City, Missouri, Mary 22, 1851. She was married at Prescott, Arizona to Rufus E. Farrington, November 12, 1867. Three children were born,

66 MARIA WAKEFIELD FISH Respectfully, BORN: 1845 IN: Bombay, Franklin County, New York A. P. K. Stafford Governor of Arizona FATHER: Unknown MOTHER: Unknown CAME TO ARIZONA: November 3, 1873 - Tucson Marie Wakefield appended to the foregoing letter of the HUSBAND: Edward Nye Fish Governor the following note: Married: 1874 Children: Clara Fish Roberts The stage fare from San Diego to Tucson was $90.00 in Relatives in wars: Samuel Corbin Heath - Revolutionary gold, but Governor Stafford, had arranged with John Capron War to pass all teachers coming into the Territory to teach in the public schools, at half fare. We arrived in Tucson November Maria Wakefield Fish, 1845- 1909, a pioneer teacher 3, 1873 and opened school, Thursday November 5, with a in Tucson, Arizona was born in Bombay, Franklin County, few children. New York. In 1847 she married Edward Nye Fish. a government contractor, pioneer merchant and miller of . Governor Stafford and his friends had comfortably Tucson. In 1860 her family left New York and settled on a farm funus~ed two rooms for the school, Miss Bolton teaching the few gtrls that were allowed to go to the public schools. The near_ Rochester, Minnesota. Though but fifteen years of age boys room was soon filled, only one of them speaking a word Mana Wakefield was chosen at that time as teacher for the of English. school in the little village of Byron, since her graduation from the "Academy," Malone, New York, made her the best fitted of any one available. The now famous surge~:ms She and her assistant thus became the first officially Charles and William Mayo were among her pupils. In 1870 appointed teachers in Tucson, or indeed in Arizona. Miss Wakefield went to Stockton, California where she taught for two years. In 1873 she met Surveyor-General When the first Protestant church to built in Tucson was Wasson who urged her to consider an offer to cro into razed in 1916, the corner stone revealed the names of Edward Arizona as a teacher and "open and establish the° public Nye Fish, Trustee, and his wife Maria Wakefield Fish. schools of Tucson." In spite of the Indian situation in the Through out her life in addition to her activity in church work Territory, of which she was fully aware, she courageously Maria Wakefield Fish was vitally interested in better conditions determined to undertake the commission, secured Miss in Tucson. She was the first president of the Woman's Harriet Bolton for her assistant and together they made the Christian Temperance Union, the first woman candidate for overland journey from San Diego to Tucson by stage. The school trustee, being opposed and defeated by the liquor longest stops of the journey covering five days and nights interests. More than twenty-five years later her daughter where twenty minutes were allowed for hasty meals and the Clara Fish Noberts became the second woman candidate for change of horses. The trip was attended by more than school trustee of Pima County, and was elected. In 1878 ordinary danger since depredations were frequently com­ through the efforts of Mrs. Fish and Mrs. Lord an adequate mitted by the Apaches along this route. sum was raised for the construction ofa small school building. These funds were secured through a number of social eve­ The following is a copy of the letter sent by the nings, some netting as high as $1300.00. To Maria Wakefield Governor of Arizona to Miss Wakefield: Fish came the rare pleasure of witnessing from the very beginnings the full development of an educational system in Arizona, a system to which she contributed largely and October 3, 1873 effectively in the early days of its pioneer organization. Miss Wakefield: Being a lineal descendent of Samuel Gorbin Heath, I think you better start for Tucson as soon as possible Mrs. Fish was eligible to membership in the society of the after the twenty-fifth inst (sp) as the Apache are headed Daughters of the American Revolution. toward the eastern part of the Territory and cannot oet to the western side before this time; also the moon will full. be (Original research by Estelle Lutrell, Librarian, University Bring the best lady teacher you can secure to take of Tucson) charge of the girl's room.

67 MARGARET DENLON FOLEY BORN: February 10, 1852 round trip consuming about two weeks in time. The cash IN: New York City, New York compensation, after feeding the mules was not much. FATHER: Dennis Denlon MOTHER: Hanorah Denlon Mr. Foley being ill a greater part of the time I soon CAME TO ARIZONA: February 24, 1880 - Navajo found it necessary to take in any kind of work that was Springs lwnorable, to support my large family oflittle children. Work HUSBAND: Michael J. Foley was plentiful and prices paid were splendid, and I did Married: December, 1869 - Iowa washing, sewing and kept boarders, workingfromjive o'clock Children: Mary Ellen, Mary Agnes, Hanora, John in the morning until twelve at night many times when a Henry, Ella, Charlotte, Thomas Elmer, Margaret. certain amount of work was to be gotten out. Each of the Kathrine, Edward & Chester - twins, Lester Francis, children as they became old enough had their duty to per­ Mable Hyacinth form, in the way of helping support the family. Relatives in wars: Brother Dennis Denlon - Civil War, U.S. Navy I am the mother of thirteen children, seven ofwlwm I reared to man and womanlwod, as useful and valuable Margaret Denlon was born in New York City, Febru­ citizens. ary 10, 1852, the daughter of Dennis and Hanorah Denlon of Born County Claire, Ireland. She moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin Mary Ellen Nov, 1870 at the age of about three years, and was educated in the public school of that city to the age of fourteen years, at which time Mary Agnes Feb, 1872 the family moved to council Bluffs, Iowa, thence to other Hano rah June,1873 towns in Iowa. John Henry Jan, 1875 Ella Jan, 1877 At the age of seventeen years and ten months she was Charlotte Dec, 1879 married to Michael J. Foley of Des Moines, Iowa. Tlwmas Elmer Mar, 1881 Margaret Oct, 1882 Within about seven years after her marriage to Michael Kathrine Jan, 1884 J. Foley, who was a railroad builder and contractor, they Edward & Chester, twins July, 1886 began their westward journey, building railroads as they Lester Francis Oct, 1889 came, through Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, New Mexico and Mable Hyacinth Sept, 1890 finally landing in Arizona. They came as far as Albuquer­ que, New Mexico in a combination freight supply and We helped establish the first sclwol in Ashfork supply­ passenger train. To quote Mrs. Foley: ing six ofthe nine pupils to attend, later Mr. Foley was elected Trustee and furnished the building as well as all necessary We arrived at Navajo Springs, Arizona on February equipment, aside from the teacher's salary, for maintaining 24, 1880, by wagon and lwrse teams, where one week later the sclwol for seven months of each year. my seventhchildwas born. We pitched our tent on this lonely and wild, but beautiful spot amidst the Navajo tribe of We helped, by donation and moral support, to establish Indians. We felt a little afraid at first, but my husband being the Catlwlic and Protestant churches at Ashfork, also to gain a genial and wise sort of person soon made friends with prohibition, Woman' Suffrage, and Statelwod for fair Ari­ them. I had a sewing machine which attracted them very zona, the state we all love. much and in a few days they were asking me to sew up seams in their muslin shirts and troi,sers, which I did very gladly. One ofmy sons served as a peace officer for many years It please them so they made frequent visits to our camp and at Ashfork, and one of my daughters served as Postmistress expressed sorrow when we moved on. for about twelve years administrations.

We arrived at Ashfork, which was but a small town, a I have not built up a large fortune but have enough of junction where freight was transferred from railroad to this world's possessions to keep me comfortable in my freight wagons and sent to Prescott, Jerome and places declining years and while we endured many hardships, I am · south of the railroad. glad to know we had courage enough to face them bravely and triumph in the end, to have the satisfaction of knowing We had been unfortunate in having two of our best that we helped, in our small way to make Arizona the most mule teams stolen, but had two teams left, and with these Mr. patriotic and altogether adorable state in the Union in which Foley secured a contract for hauling freight to Prescott, the to live."

68 operating.' We bought flour here. Then we went on to MRS. W. M. FOURR Maricopa Wells. Stayed there one day to rest the teams BORN: 1854 before crossing the desert. The next place we stopped at IN: Texarkana. Arkansas was Gila Bend. FATHER: Newt. Nunn MOTHER: Rachael Nunn Here my step-father took up a place and tried to Jann CAME TO ARIZONA: 1866 - Central Ranch on the it but never made a success ofit. He called the place Pecan Gila River Ranch. Here my sister was married to a man by the name HUSBAND: William Fourr ofG. C. Frame. He owned Gila Bend. This was in 1867. I Married: 1868 - Central Ranch on the Gila River was married here a year later, May 28, 1868 to W. M. Fourr. Children: James N., Mary E., Roy 0., Robert N., Zona The year I was married the Indians killed my bother-in­ M., Clara L., Daisy B., Ida E. /aw 's herder and drove offabout fifty or sixty head ofstock Relatives in the War: Father Newt. Nunn in Civil War, and about six months later they came back and took the Son Roy in World War, Two Grandsons James F. Lamb same amount from us. We then lived at Burke's Station. and Walter A. Lamb in World War My people all moved to California. I went with my My father was born in Tennessee. He came to Missouri motherandstayedsixmonths. While !was there Mr. Fourr and there married my mother. From there they moved to sold out to Mr. Whistler and moved to Oatman Flat. Mr. Arkansas, thenwhenlwasababy, they moved to Texas. This Fourr came after me and we came by San Diego to Yuma by was in the year of 1856. My father's name was Nunn. He team, then to Oatman Flat We had only been lwme a few fought in the Civil War, and while stationed at Little Rock, months when the Mexicans killed Mr. Whistler. A year later Arkansas, he died of fever. This was in the latter part of we rented this place to Mr. James Johnson, now living at 1861. Lehi, Arizona.

In 1863, my mother married a name by the name of We moved up the river and the men took out a ditch. Cottral. We were living then in Dallas, Texas. We left there This was above Gila Bend. The ditch never was a success. about May 1, 1863 to go to California. Here the Indians were very bad. We always had to stand guard at night, as we expected the Indians to attack us at any My mother, step-father, sister, brother and I came to moment. My husband stood half night then I took the next Arizona in November, 1866. This is the route we took: from watch. We stayed here a year. The Indians stole all our Dallas to Hill Burr; then to San Antonio, arrived here about work horses and cattle. They came in two hundred yards of June. Then we moved on to Fort Davis. We arrived in El the house once. There was no one there but the babies and Paso about the last ofAugust. We stayed there a few days myself. The man who was working for us was about two to rest the teams. WecameontoSanSimon, to Apache Pass, milesfromcamp cutting logs for the house we were building. now called Bowie. Then to Sulphur Springs on the San When he came in he wanted to know in which direction the Pedro where Benson now stands. There was a stage station horses went when I fed them. I told him they ha4 gone there then. Here the Indians almost caught another girl and toward the mesa. He said he had heard the mule bray before I. We had wandered away from camp, gathering flowers. he quit work. The men were watching us all the time to see that we didn't go to far from camp. One of the men saw an Indian's head Mr. Furr had been to Oatman for two yoke of cattle. rise out ofa gutter ahead ofus. He hollered to us to lay low, He had to leave them two miles from home, intending to knowing that meant Indians were close, we were frightened back and get them next morning. But next morning the man so that we ran for camp. They found their tracks in the sand went out and came back and said the Indians had got the and where they had made beds out ofgrass. The mesquites horses and started them in a hundred yards of the house. were so thick that were afraid to go far from camp. We were And had driven them down to the river and had got the cattle afraid to camp there so we traveled all that afternoon and that Mr. Fourr had left the evening before. Next day all the that night until we got to Pantano Creek. We rested there till neighbors helped to follow the Indians but never overtook next day. them. While they were following them, a man living above us out hunting and he ran into the Indians camp. They shot We reached Tucson the first ofNove,nber. Tucson was at him. He shot away all his ammunition, then jumped off a place with only one white person. He owned a store. 111e his horse and took to the bushes. 111ey got his lwrse, but he Mexicans had a store also. We went on to Red rock; then to was not hurt. Pima Valley now called Tempe. A man by the name of Hayden ran a flour mill 'the little mill by the river is still Everyone left the ditch. We went back to Oatman Flat and stayed the there about two years. 11zen I went to

69 California to visit my sister. While I was there, Mr. Fourr left Oatman and moved to Dragoon where we live now. We had quite a lot of Indian trouble here.

We had to leave the ranch several times. Once 60 Indians left the reservation on the war path, and ifit had not have been the soldiers had to stop to feed at Wilcox we might not have been here today. By the soldiers stopping at Wilcox that gave the Indians a chance to follow the valley, killing one white man named Noonan. Several years later there were Troops stationed at the horse ranch and the Indians came one night and passed through herding grounds, then came over to our place and watered their stock at our troughs and went on. Next morning, the troops tracked them about fifteen or twenty miles around the mountains. So then Captain Doane sentaSergeantovertostaywith us. He was with us about three weeks or more. While he was with us, there was another bunch ofIndians. They came up the gulch about five or six hundred feet of our house when the dogs barked. I told Mr. Fourrtherewas someone in the gulch. He stepped out and hollered in Eng Lish, then in Spanish, but no one answered. Next morning we lookedfortracks and found them, one was a woman's track. The men tracked them quite a ways but never saw them.

I came to this ranch in 1880. Mr. Fourr came a little ahead of me. We had to do everything we could to make a living as we were starting from the bottom. The Indians stole everything as fast aswe got it. Mr. Fourr had been sick for three years and a good deal ofthe work/ell on the oldest child who was eleven years old and myself. Mr. Fourr hauled wood to a little town called Tombstone, and sold it for $18.00 a cord.

I milked 25 cows and sold cheese and butter. Butter was $1.25 for a two pound roll. I did all my own work - washing, sewing, and cooking - ami many a night I worked till twelve o'clock before I got to bed. I have sat on my bed many a night with a gun across my knees when Mr. Fourr was gone, watching/or Indians. I was afraid to go to sleep, so I sat and waited. When things grew a little quieter so the soldiers could leave we felt a little safer, but not real safe/or several years.

We have been on this ranch/or 43years and have been in Arizona for 56 years. We had twelve children, Our youngest son, Roy 0. Fourr died in Siberia serving his country during the World War. His remains were shipped back and we laid him to rest in Benson. We have three babies buried at Oatman Flat; another resting at Russel Ville, Arizona. The seven who are living as I write are J. W. Fourr; R. M. Fourr; Mrs. J. A. Lamb; Mrs. D. A. Adams; Mrs. W. J. Bennett; Mrs. F. S. Bennett and Mrs. Ed F. Nichols.

70 DOROTHY HAMMELS FOSTER BORN: June 27, 1868 In the winter the three of them slept in the little room; IN: Dundee, Illinois mothercunainingoffonecomerforherbedroom. Whenthey FATHER: James Hammels had company, as they did often, mother and her two brothers MOTHER: Mrs. James Hammels retired to the kitchen floor and donated their cots to their CAME TO ARIZONA: June 9, 1868 - One month in guests. Florence; One month in Phoenix, then on a ranch four­ teen miles west of Phoenix until marriage. The cooking stove was a very small four burner wood HUSBAND: Frank P. Fowler stove which was a great trial. They had few cooking utensils, Married: March 25, 1891 - Phoenix and as she hadtocookforeighteenandtwentycowboys, used Children: Roy, Rosalind tin lard buckets. Imagine getting a meal for that number on Relatives in War: Nephew Vinton Hammels in World a tiny wood stove. It was necessary for her to bake bread War twice a day. OnJune27, 1868 DoraHammels,daughterofMr.and Mrs. James Hammels, wasbomatDundee, Illinois. She was Their food consisted of brown sugar, brown beans (of married in Phoenix on March 25, 1888 to Frank P. Fowler which she was ashamed for she was accusto,ned to white having come to Arizona June 9, 1888. beans, and later when they had none she would say, "What shall I get to eat? We have no beans" ,jerky and bread. The Dora Hammels Fowler was not a pioneer in the sense water so salty they could hardly drink it, and it made very that many of the women Ethyl Maddock Clark wrote about poor coffee. They had no butter, no ice, no milk, nor any of but her story gives some interesting ideas of housekeeping the conveniences which we think we cannot do without. They problems in the 1880s. used oil lamps, and the insects were thick. Often when kneading bread one of the men had to fan off the flies. Mother was a young woman oftwenty when she came to Arizona. Great were the fears ofher relatives when she left Her brothers often tease mother about the way she first Illinois, and they very kindly gave her a revolver for protec­ cooked jerky. She had never seen it before coming here. It tion from Indians and bandits. She was really more afraid was cut in long strips ofeighteen to twenty inches, which she ofthe gun than of the Indians. She came to Arizona via the stuck straight up in a lard bucket, not being able to cut it, and Southern Pacific, and some time just after passing into the boiled it for hours. The longer she cooked it the harder and territory in opening her suitcase dropped out the revolver. more like rawhide it became. When her brother came home All ofthe passengers were quite frightened at the sight ofthis she was in tears and said she could not cook "that old stuff'. instrument ofdefense, and teased her considerably about it. He then got a Mexican lady to show her how to cook it, and even now we have it frequently.

She was coming to Arizona to keep house for her They killed hogs.frying out the grease and put the pork brothers, Henry A Hammels and J. C. Hammels. Imagine into it. This was done in the/al/, and when they wanted meat her feeling upon learning that the day before her brother, they dug out the pork and cooked it, making it taste al,nost like Henry, had narrowly missed being killed by stray bullets fresh pork. Often times they hung bacon under a brush shed when two men had a fight in which one was killed and the next to the house, and the coyotes would come there.jump up other was very badly wounded. This was her introduction to and steal it. Florence, where she stayed/or about a month, and then went to Phoenix where she stayeduntil her brothers took her to In spite of her ejfons to eradicate them, the mice were their ranch located founeen miles west of Phoenix. thick. Dora was alnwst afraid to go outside as there were lots of rattlesnakes and insects on the land which her brothers Great were her troubles when she staned to keep were developing as new land. One day upon going into the house. She knew little about cooking, and had been used to kitchen she saw what she thought was a pretty little dog. She the conveniences in use in the middle west. Here she had a staned to go to it, calling to her brother to co,ne and see the house oftwo small rooms, a kitchen and a bedroom. The only nice pup. Her told her upon seeing it that she had betre~ lem'.e furniture they had was a rough table with some benches, but the "nice" dog alone as it was a skunk. Another tune 1n no chairs. They used cots, having no beds. Because of her setting food out for a dog one night she put her hand on a fear ofcoyotes, snakes and insects Mother slept indoors all gopher snake and almost died offright. that long, hot summer.

71 Dora wished to have the house look "homey", so proceeded to paper it with newspapers-the only kind of Edward B. all served in our Navy during the Word War; and paper she could secure then. However, every time a sand­ my daughter Annie• s husband at the same time served in our storm came it blew the papers off the walls as the cracks Army. between the boards ofthe house were not covered. The dust in the house upon the advent ofa sandstorm was so thick one As to experiences. I will say that my parents and could hardly see, and in the summer time the roads were so others-quite a wagon ox train ofus-landed in Pinos Altos, dusty one had to stop in order to see the horses and the road. New Mexico whenlwasnineyearsofage. Goldluuijustbeen Many times Dora started out with a white dress on many a discovered there then. During my girlhood I witnessed the time only to have it a beautiful brown by the time she reached hanging ofseveral men who never had a trial other than the her destination. deliberations of the "vigilantes" and on many occasions I saw the bloody work ofthe Apaches. My husband.just a few She was terribly homesick with all of her trials. not a weeks after our marriage, was in a.fight with the Indians in tree or blade of grass on the place, the coyotes yelling all Galavan Canyon, near Lake Valley, New Mexico. Captain night, and her nearest neighbor a mile away. Imagine this Daly. Superintendent of the Lake Valley Mines. Lieutenant environmentforone who was used to neighbors, cleanliness, Smith, as well as several negro soldiers, were killed in this and beautiful scenery. fight. My husband was wounded in the knee and reported in the Silver City paper as having been killed: but a week later It was not an easy life even in those days so the "real" they brought him home and found me in deep nwuming. pioneers must have endured untold hardships, and they all had Dora's sympathy. Of course with the growth of the When I married Mr. Gamble I as unable to speak any country these conditions did not endure long, but these English, and our first children could not speak it until they incidents may help to give an idea of the woman's side of reached school age. Notwithstanding this handicap. at one pioneering. time we had three children. two boys and a girl, in the University ofArizona; the two boys were paying their way by working during vacation time. One of them, William Ed­ ward, continued and was one year in the University of California-until the earthquake -afterwhich he was admitted to Yale, getting credit for his year's work in California, and (MRS.) JESUS PACHECO GAMBLE was graduated in law in 1908. I wish to further state that from BORN: December 25, 1863 the time this boy was ten years old he made his own way and IN: Casa Grandes, Chih., Mexico did not cost us one penny. All but one of our children are FATHER: Cecilio Pacheco married; this one is in New York, and we are alone. We have MOTHER: Antonia Pacheco ten grandsons, and one first granddaughter in Oakland, CAME TO ARIZONA: June 7, 1883 - Clifton California. HUSBAND: George B. Gamble Married: July 16, 1881, Georgetown, New Mexico During the period 1901-05 my husband was Treasurer Children: James Albert, William Edward, Josie, Lena, ofold Graham County and is now Mayor of Clifton. and we George B., Jr., Thomas J. Annie, Edward are both hale and hearty. Relatives in War: Father-in-law James Gamble - War of 1812; Three sons, World War, George B. Jr., Thomas J., Edward B.; one son-in-law

We came from Georgetown, New Mexico in a wagon drawn by four small mules; that was before the railroad reached Clifton. There was a little locomotive engine and a little railroad only twenty inches wide. The engine weighed but four and one half tons, and was transported from La Junta, Colorado, the nearest railroad point, by means ofox teams. A little later my husband ran the same engine.

James Gamble.father of my husband was in the War of 1812. Our three sons, George B Jr., Thomas J. and

72 MARY LONG GARLINGHOUSE IDA E.H. GENUNG BORN: 1848 BORN: October 7, 1848 IN: Indiana IN: Council Bluffs, Iowa FATHER: George Long FATHER: Dr. I.W. Smith MOTHER: Susan Long MOTHER: Mrs. I.W. Smith (Indiana) CAME TO ARIZONA: 1876 - McMillenville CAME TO ARIZONA: 1869 - Drifted for a year and HUSBAND: Martin V. Garlinghouse finally settled in Peeples Valley and was still living there Married: 1870 in June, 1922. Children: Mary, Florence, Kitty, Cyrus HUSBAND: Charles B. Genung -born, Penn Zan Yates Relatives In Wars: Husband Martin V. Garlinghouse, Co.,N.Y. Civil War Married: February 16, 1869, San Bernardino, Calif Children: Frank M., Daul B., Louise C., Mabel A., Fred Mary Long Garlinghouse was born in Indiana in 1848. W., George W., Edward B., Grace S. In 1850 she moved with her parents to Kansas by wagon. At Relatives in wars: Both grandfathers in Revolutionary the age of 22, she was manied to Martin V. Garlinghouse. War; two uncles in Civil War They stayed at Augustus, Kansas till three children were born. Then moved by horse and wagon to Arizona. She Ida E.H. Genung was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa, drove the wagon and carried her baby in her lap. Her October 7th, 1848 the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. I. W. husband drove their band of cattle, assisted by a Mr. Boyer. Smith, formerly of Indiana. Mrs. Genung was three times They came through New Mexico; saw many beautiful a pioneer having left Iowa in April, 1852 and arived in San places to ranch, but were headed for Globe, Arizona and did Bernardino, California one year later April, 1853. They not stop. crossed the Rockies with oxen. They saw thousands of buffalo. One day, they ran out of water and made a dry camp. Thecattlewereallgonethenextmorning. Mr.Garlinghouse She was married February 16, 1869 at San Bernar­ took their trail and followed them up to the top of a steep dino, California to Charles B. Genung, who took a promi­ mountain, and there found an abundance of fine mountain nent part in the early life of Arizona. They were the parents water and feed. The stock could smell water. They were so of the following children; Frank M., Daul B., Louise C., far from water that had it not been for the stock finding this Mabel A., Fred W., George W., Edward B., and Grace S. place, they might have perished. As they drove through the waving fields of wild grass on the prairie of Kansas, they could look back and the road was black with Buffalo, investigating the wagon tracks. They came into the state through northern Arizona andalong the Flagstaff route. They followed the Hassayampa stream down till they came GENEVIEVE SNOW GERALD to Phoenix. They came by McDowell over Reno Pass to the BORN: June 30, 1851 Salt River. There her last child was born. They camped on IN: Cambridgeborough (Camridge Springs), Crawford Salt River and tried to farm, but the Indians said the land was County, Pennsylvania theirs. They then went up to Horse Shoe Bend and made FATHER: James Snow another ditch and were going to farm, when the Indians ran MOTHER: Rebecca Beedy them off again. They then moved to McMillan and were CAME TO ARIZONA: April, 1879 - Miami there during the big Indian fight. They lived in a house HUSBAND: James Franklin Gerald made of bare grass and Indians tried to set it on fire by Married: 1876 shooting burning arrows at it. They were attacked before Children: Geraldine, Genevieve daylight, but were close to town and the men from Shanley' s Relatives In Wars: store helped drive them away. They fought for two hours. The indian screams were hideous. We arrived in McMillan in 1876. Genevieve Snow, the subject of our sketch, was born in Cambridgeborough (afterwards Cambridge Springs) Crawford County, Penn., June 30, 1851. The first child of Mrs. Garlinghouse passed away in Globe, November James Snow and Rebecca Snow. 13, 1922 at the age of 77 years. Her father died when she was five years old: her mother remaining a widow for six years, when she married Wm. Johnson. The tenderness and care of her stepfather was ever

73 a bright spot in her memory. train started when she lost control and commenced to weep.

Of Yankee parentage, the direct descendant of the One of the few remaining passengers, a nice looking Pilgrims through Governor Winslow of the Plymouth man came up to assuage her fears, and in talking to her Colony, she early developed those practical, thorough and mentioned the Indians of Caribou, B.C. As her husband had far seeing traits that distinguish the Pilgrims in their early spent many years in Caribou, in a very cautious and round­ struggles and aided her wonderfully in overcoming the about manner she asked him if he knew such a person. He obstacles that met her later in life. at once assured her that he did, and on learning that she was Mrs. Gerald, he held out his hand and said, "My name is Van She was educated in the schools of the village, later Walkenburg. Your husband is a Mason and I as a Mason attending the State Normal at Edinboro. Her educational mustseethatyoureachhimsafely. Somethinghashappened career terminated at the end of the second year due to her or he would have met you here". own unwillingness to continue her studies further. Having to get off soon he made arrangements with the In 1876 she was married to James Franklin Gerald a conductor to see that she was cared for during the rest of the native of Boston, Mass. and crossed the continent to live in journey which ended by rail at Gila Bend. From here a stage San Francisco. Failing health and an unfortunate invest­ ride brought her to Maricopa where she was taken to a little ment compelled her husband to seek his health and fortune one story hotel with a bar opening off a miserable little in a new land and he decided to go to Globe City, Arizona, office. She was taken to a little outside room off of the court a new mining camp that was just being opened up. The room only had one little window and one door. It was late in the evening and with the darkness her terror returned. As mining was his profession he was engaged by the Laying her baby on the bed to sleep and drawing the little Miami Mining Co. a corporation consisting mainly of men rickety wash stand in front of the door, she spent the night from the Miami Valley of Ohio, to take charge of their pacing the floor; expecting every moment that one of the newly acquired property in the Globe district. noisy revelers from the barroom would come and murder her and her baby. Unwilling to bring his bride to so new a country, she returned to Pennsylvania, remaining there two years. At But morning came and she was unharmed. With the the end of that time with her twenty-one month old baby approach of day her fears left her, hope came in her heart and she again crossed the continent to cast her fortune in the she was ready to go on. Late that evening, by siage, she unknown desert region of that territory, which to Penn­ reached the town of Florence, at that time the metropolis of sylvanians at that time seemed the end of the earth. Arizona A little one story town with a few American families but Mexican in every other respect As there was no railroad connection for Arizona to the east and only a short distance had been completed from She was left at a little one story hotel like that in the west it was necessary for her to reach her destination by Maricopa, but it was conducted by an American woman and was of San Francisco, Los Angeles, Yuma and Gila Bend she felt safe. She looked all around for a sight of her the end of the road. husband, surely he would be here or there would be some word from him. But no husband appeared. Her first inquiry This route she took, wiring her husband when she left on entering the office was for mail; but instead of her letter and again at San Francisco, expecting that he would meet the clerk pulled out a miscellaneous collection of letters, her at Yuma. One by one the passengers left her and when telegrams and papers all in her own hand writing and her she reached Yuma only one woman besides herself re­ own telegrams saying inan offhand way that he had not sent mained on the train. This was a school teacher bound for this mail to Globe to Mr. Gerald as usual because he Prescott supposed he would be expecting his wife soon and would be over and he was going to give it to him then. Very consoling. Her husband did not meet her as she expected and when the school teacher left her a great loneliness and fear That very evening that she arrived in Florence, in a filled her heart, which was intensified by the Indians who little mining camp called Miami away on the other side of came in crowds to peep in the car windows. Their black the Pinal Mountains, a man was sitting leisurely glancing bodies covered only with a breech-clout, their painted over the San Francisco Bulletin, when bis eye caught this, faces and glaring eyes struck terror to her heart; hugging among the passenger list of the Overland -Mrs. J. F. Gerald her baby close in her arms she contained herself until the and baby for Globe City, Arizona. He looked at tl1e date of

74 the paper, almost a week old. "That is my wife"; and bright side, with an abiding trust in the Heaven! y Father, they grabbing his hat he struck out over the hills to hunt for his overcame the obstacles that confronted them and did their bit pony. At break of day he was on the road for Florence, fifty in aiding civilization to gain a firm foothold on the frontier. seven miles away. He reached Florence that evening. Their little girls were reaching an age where school One more experience was still before this plucky problems confronted them. Rather than sacrifice the happiness :Eastern girl before she was to reach her new home. They that they found in all being together by sending the girls away staged it from Florence to Silver King and from there the to school, they put forth their best efforts towards making the journey must be made on muleback across the mountains to little country school fulfill the requirements. her new home. She had never been on a horse in her life, but her husband was with her and she was brave; but when the The patrons of the school, though times were hard went Chief Packer of the train told her that most of the ladies who down in their pockets and paid the additional salary required were unaccustomed to riding rode astride and as the trail was to get the best teachers, and the Wheatfield school at the time, very dangerous he advised her to do so, her indignation knew according to Territorial School Superintendent R. L. Long, no bounds. Her Puritan modesty had been shocked; she was one of the best in the Territory, ranking with many of the would ride side-saddle or walk. larger town schools.

At noon they reached the Pinal Ranch where they had Upon the graduation of their younger daughter from the dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Irion and Mrs. Irion' s son Dudley. Territorial Normal School, they moved to Globe, where Mrs. Little did she dream that the babe she had in her arms would Gerald took an active interest in the social and religious some day come back there to live as the wife ofDudley Craig. activities of the town. The journey was continued and late that evening, the last week in April, 1879 she reached her new home with a new In 1912 theybuiltalarger and more commodious home life and a new experience before her. and settled down to enjoy the well-earned fruits of their efforts. But the Heavenly Father decreed otherwise. In 1914 They remained in Miami one and a half years, here the inroads of a heretofore unknown affliction became apparent their second and youngest daughter was born. Twice they and in November, 1915 one of Arizona's Pioneer noble­ hurriedly left home and went to Globe on account of the women laid down her laoors and left the work for succeeding Indian scares but as the Indians never came in their imme­ generations. May we accomplish half so nobly the plans laid diate vicinity, no very great fear was experienced. out for us.

During this time she met many prominent wealthy and cultured eastern people who were attracted to this isolated region by stories of rich mines and wonderful possibilities. Reared in an Orthodox Christian home, Presbyterian and Methodist, she early in her western experience began to realize that "Many a diamond was in the rough", and while her early Christian training never lost one principle, she soon learned to see, appreciate and separate the good from the band and become a living example of broad minded Western womanhood ground in Christian faith.

Mines are uncertain propositions and after two years experience in the little camp of Pioneer some twenty miles away, that had a spasmodic career, they decided to give up the mining game and go into the cattle business. Locating on a ranch eight miles from the town of Globe, they began a new life with its new experiences. All business has its ups and downs and the cattle business is no exception to the rule.

They felt the terrible business depression during the Cleveland administration and then came the drought, but by clinging steadfastly looking straight ahead and always on the

75 ANNIE NEFF GRAHAM ELIZABETH AMY GREENHAW BORN: 1866 BORN: December 31, 1849 IN: Nebraska City, Nebraska IN: Williamson County, Texas FATHER: Andrew S. Neff FATHER: John Barton MOTHER: Sarah C. Neff MOTHER: Melissa Barton CAME TO ARIZONA: 1874 - Prescott CAME TO ARIZONA: October, 1875 - Phoenix HUSBAND: W. P. Graham HUSBAND: Hosea G. Greenhaw Married: 1884 - Sherman, Texas Married: August, 1877 - Fresno, California Children: Torrance, Lazena Graham Garrity, Walter, Children: Hosea, Miriam, Paul, Mary, Leslie Eliz.abeth Relatives in wars: Nephew Richard Goodwin in Relatives in Wars: Grandfather B. Wright served in the Spanish-American War. Mexican War; Father Andres S. Neff served three years in the Civil War. Was in Co. B. 40th Iowa Volunteers. ElizabethAmy Greenhaw, born in Williamson County, Texas, December 31, 1849. My parents were John and In the year 1874 my father and mother, Andrew S. and Melissa Barton, who went to California in 1852, where I Sarah B. Neff landed in Prescott, Arizona. We had traveled remained, until, in October of 1875, in company with my from Red Cloud Nebraska to Prescott in prairie schooners, father, two brothers and a young sister, I crossed the father, mother, myfouryear old sister and myself. The sister, Colorado River at Smith's Ferry, thirty miles below Yuma. nowMrs.NonaNeffHixenbaugh,ofRaton,NewMexico,has We made our way, slowly, on into Arizona with a band of not been in Arizona in late years but is very much interested sheep we had driven across the desert. We crossed the Gila in that state and well remembers some exciting events there. River at Colonel Woolsey' s place and camped near the hot springs until April, arriving in Phoenix on May 1, 1876. We lived in Prescott several years. Father prospected all over the state and owned several mines near Tip Top and I returned to California in December ofthe same year, one near Tombstone. In my girlhood days 1 used to accom­ crossing the desert again by wagon. In the following August pany him on these trips over the mountains and had many I was married, in the city ofFresno, California to Hosea G. narrow escapes from the Indians. Prescott was a small place Greenhaw, of Phoenix, to which place we returned and at the time we arrived there and the Indians very treacherous. made our home. We located,first, on a quarter section south On our way down to Tombstone from Prescott we were nearly oftownandfarmedforafewyears, then went fourteen miles surrounded by Indians but the soldiers were on their trail and west of Phoenix and settled on desert land. they scattered. The folks covered us up with quilts thinking we might not be found ifwe were attacked. Eight children were born to us.five ofwhom are living in ](Jlluary, 1923; Hosea, Miriam Paul, Mary and Leslie". We went to Tombstone in the boomdaysanditcertainly was a wild and wooly western town, built up in afew days to several thousand inhabitants. The cowboys used to come to town andjust take things. The Earp Brothers were in time put in as officers and they were afearless bunch ofmen and I must say they were good neighbors as my father and 1JUJther lived close to them Several nights at Tombstone we feared an attack by the Indians and often saw their signals in the Dragoon Mountains. Father was Notary Public at Tomb­ stone, and was also in the mercantile business. Both he and my mother are buried at the foot of the Rockies in the beautiful city of Raton, New Mexico.

76 MARY NORRIS GRAY BORN: May 17, 1846 JN: Union County, Arkansas FATHER: James M. Norris Mrs. Gray was the first American woman to come to MOTHER: Jane R. Norris Salt River Valley and stay. She is still living (January, 1923 CAME TO ARIZONA: August 18, 1868 Salt River when interview was done. Additional notes on Clark re­ Valley search papers indicate Mrs. Gray still alive in January. HUSBAND: Columbus H. Gray 1934.) in the big brick home which they built on the ranch in Married: August 24, 1865 Union County, Arkansas 1891, at the cost of $10,000 and which for many years was Children: Unknown the chief show place of Phoenix. In addition to the raising of Relatives in wars: Two brothers, James P. Norris and horses and cattle and the farm products a magnificent rose Henry Clay Norris fought in the Civil War. James was garden was one of the attractions of their place, 200 or more killed at Richmond, Ky, August 31, 1863. Probably varieties being grown. They also planted a splendid vine­ brother of Grandfather Archie fought in Revolution. yard.

Toe following was prepared by Ethel Maddock Clark from inter­ Mrs. Gray with her husband contributed to the building views in the "Arizona Republican" and personal interview with of the churches and helped in many ways with the ad­ Mrs. Gray in 1928.) vancement of the community. She was not a suffrage enthusiast, feeling that women had enough to do to properly Mary A. Grey comes from a family of pioneers. Her care for their families. In speaking of the churches Mrs. Gray father, James M. Norris, was one of the first settlers of said, "we had a minister atan early date and what few people Arkansas, reaching that state in 1842. His father, James were here all attended church. We never thought of going to Norris, was a pioneer settler of Georgia. Four years after her Sunday night dances as they do now, no one would have father settled in Arkansas, Mrs. Grey first saw the light of approved of such conduct" There were few children the first day. That was May 17. 1846 in Union County, Arkansas. Her year of the settlement but we had good schools when the mother's name was Jane R. Norris. In the same county and families with children began to come in. state Mary A. Norris was married on August 24, 1865 to Columbus M. Gray, and came with him to Arizona in 1868, The move from the comforts of her home in Arkansas arriving on August 18 by mule train. to life in unsettled country was a great change for Mrs. Gra Y. She had known nothing of work nor did she know much Tuey started from Arkansas with a party of others about it for many years thereafter as they brought a Negro intending to go to California, the change being made in hope servant with them and she took care of most of the household of benefiting Mrs Grays's health. Immediately on reaching arrangements, her mistress spending much of her time out the Salt River Valley she began to gain in strength and both over the ranch with her husband. This Negro woman and her she and Mr. Gray were so pleased with the climate and children were very faithful in their care of Mrs. Gray for agricultural prospects that they decided to remain. They many years. located on 160 acres down near the river at the end of what is now Seventh Street later acquiring about 320 acres more. At the time the Gray family moved to the Salt River In view of rumors of large sections of land being given to a Valley travel was safe in only one direction, toward the Gila, railroad if it came through the Grays could not homestead the where the Pima and Maricopa Indians all lived. Mrs. Gray land but finally paid a small sum per acre for it under the old says she doubts if so small a group of people coul~ have pre-emption act They immediately began the development formed a settlement at all had it not been for those fnendly of their farm. tribes. "We had few comforts but we were happy." There were no houses in Phoenix at that time and none Two brothers of Mrs. Gray, James P. Norris and Henry near except the adobe house, the first in the valley. built near Clay Norris fought in the Civil War. The elder James was the head of the canal, east of the present site of Phoenix. Mr. killed at Richmond, Ky. August 31, 1862 when Bragg made Gray built the second adobe house in Phoenix. It was built in his raid. the form of an L and the angle of the L was built up part way with mesquite logs as a sort of corral in which to keep the Mrs. Gray remembers hearing her grandfalher (born horses to prevent their being stolen by the Indians. The Grays January 2, 1778 the youngest of a big North Carolina family) never had any horses stolen by the Indians though some of tell of how the Tories came to his fathers house and tortured their later neighbors did. Nothing remains of this first house his father and frightened his sisters. She thinks he had a of the family but part of the old walls with mesquite bushes brother Archie who fought in the Revolutionary War, but the growing up through the rooms. old records were all burned when the old home burned after she came west. 77 LOUISA B. HAMBLIN BORN: October 29, 1843 She is the mother of six children Walter E., Kana, Utah; IN: Switzerland Inez H. Lee, Thatcher, Arizona; George 0., Alpine, Arizona; FATHER: George Bonelli Alice Edna Brown, Dead; Willard 0., Nutrioso, Arizona; MOTHER: Maria Aman Amarillo Lee, Algodon, Arizona. She has thirty seven CAME TO ARIZONA: October, 1881 - Round Valley, grandchildren and ten great grand children, is seventy eight known today as Springerville years old and is as spry and useful as a woman can be. She HUSBAND: Jacob Hamblin resides in Thatcher with her daughter Mrs. Inez H. Lee. Married: November 16, 1865 Children: Walter E., Inez H. Lee, George, Alice Edna Brown (dee), Willard, Amarillo Lee

Louisa B. Hamblin was born in Switzerland, October 29, NELLIE TIDWELL HAVERLY 1843, the daughter of George and Maria (Aman) Bonelli. BORN: 1871 The family joined the Mormon church and came to Utah, IN: Silver City, New Mexico arriving in the fall of 1857 with one of the Handcart Com­ FATHER: Silas Tidwell panies, that oflsrael Evans. Louisa walked every step of the MOTHER: Sarah Jane Tidwell way from the Missouri River to The Temple Lot in Salt Lake CAME TO ARIZONA: 1877 - McMillenville City. Being of the age to enjoy life generally (14) she had a HUSBAND: Bert Haverly good time all the way, though her feet were frosted and have Married: 1891 - Globe, Arizona never ceased to give her trouble. Children: Teresa Haverly, Donald, Commodore Relatives in wars: Grandfather Decatur Neff, Mexican On November 16, 1865, she was married to Jacob War, Nephew Silas Highton gave his life in World War Hamblin, the Arizona Pioneer and Indian Missionary. She came to Arizona in October, 1881, where she has resided I came to Arizona in 1877 with my parents and located ever since, first in Round Valley where Springerville is now, at McMillenville, a few miles east of Globe, where my father and later in Alpine. She was always present to assist in cases bought and ran a three stamp mill. of illness, and for years helped to dress and .. lay out" every one who died there. In those early days the stores, the nearest On our arrival we had nothing but a tent to live in but of which was 35 miles distant, did not carry much in the way in a very short time built a two room adobe house with no of fine goods, so her Swiss muslin skirt of thirteen widths, windows and no floors; the door was made of poles. One which she used to wear with Hoops was used to dress the night a band of Indians came to our house where my mother girls, little and big, who died there, as long as it lasted. and children were alone, my father had gone out for the evening. The Indians had been camped near town and were She did not want to come to Arizona where she never drinking. My mother told them she would hit them with a could get a nutmeg or anything, so the boys say. Her tiny hatchet ifthey came into the house; after hours waiting a man brocaded velvet waists with enormous Leg O'Mutton sleeves came by the house and frightened the Indians away. furnished panels and trimmings for the dresses of her own daughters for many years. She did the sewing for her own family and many others gratis and otherwise on a little hand My mother's health began to fail so father sent us to power machine for thirty years. She experienced the sticky California; we went out in May, 1878 over the Silver King bread, Indian scares and all the thinos incident to those hard • 0 Trail; stayed three years in California and rturned in 1881 umes. In crossing the plains the rations of flour were given to Miami. My father at that time had charge of the Golden out each morning but the Swiss people had never baked their own bread so they boiled water and stirred in the flour Eagle Mill. malcing a kind of starch which they salted and ate instead of bread. My first school teacher was Mrs. James Wiley

78 SARAH FRANCELLE COLEMAN HEYWOOD There was no elaborate trousseau. She had Swiss muslin for BORN: March 22, 1860 a dress, but it was made into a shroud for a poor mother who IN: Pinto, Iron County, Utah died a few days before the wedding. The ceremony was FATHER: Prime T. Coleman performed in her parent's home. The twenty-five guests MOTHER: Emma B. Evans were served pie, cake and Port Wine. CAME TO ARIZONA: 1879 - Bush Valley, later called Alpine Mrs. Heywood often mentioned the color scheme they HUSBAND: Joseph Neal Heywood staged, when they stood up before the justice. The groom Married: January 12, 1876 - Spring Valley, Nevada wore black boots, navy blue suit, white shirt and collar and Children: Joseph Neal, Spencer Coleman, Ella, Leland, green tie. He had gray eyes and red hair. The bride's flaxen David Evans, Sarah Velma, Robert Tassey, Irving curls were held in place by a pink ribbon tied in a large bow Relative in wars: Uncle Israel Evans, Spanish-Ameri­ in top of her head. Her eyes were big and blue and she wore can; Cousin A. L. Bush, corporal; Frederick Haker, white rushing in the neck of a green cashmere dress that cousins Pbillipines; son David and two nephews Shelley reached to the floor. Could a magic wand have suddenly and Benoni Coleman, World War shortened her skirts to the regulation length of today, a pair of white pantalets of black stockings striped with red and Mrs. Sarah Francene Heywood, the eldest of twelve black shoes would complete the setting. children, was born in Pinto, Iron County, Utah, March 22, 1860. Her father Prime T. Coleman was born in England October 23, 1876 their first boy, J. N., Jr., came to live and emigrated to America in 1814. Her mother Emma B. with them. Two years later Spence C. came. The mother and Evans (born in Illinois) was of Welsh extraction and was boys grew up together. one of the eldest of a family of forty-one children. They moved from Nevada into Utah. From there, in Her husband Joseph Neal Heywood, the eldest son of 1879, William B. Maxwell and family, Mr. Heywood and seventeen children was the first white child born in Nephi, several other men drove their horses into Arizona, some U tab, 1851 and had a goodly supply of Irish blood coursing locating in Nutriosa, Maxwell and Heywood located in Bush through his veins. Valley or Frisco, after called Alpine, Apache County.

When Francelle was twelve the family moved to In the spring of 1880 the Indians made a raid and drove Nevada on a ranch near Pioche. The few years they lived off or shot all horses but a few that ran into the timber. None there were among the wildest days of Nevada. it was not were ever recovered. A claim was sent to Washington but unusual to hear someone say "another man for breakfast". the Court of Oaims ruled that the Indians were not in amity Several daring and successful robberies of silver bullion with the U.S. hence the settlers could not get damages. were committed, and the perpetrators, took refuge in the hills near some ranch where food could be procured. In the summer of 1880 Mr. Heywood returned to Utah to move his family to Arizona November 30th, the Heywood Almost the only educational opporn.mities that came family, in company with her father's two families, left Utah. to the Coleman family were through the book atmosphere of The company consisted of 14 persons, five wagons, one a the home. The Bible, Josephus, History of Rome and other trailer, twelve work horses, some saddle horses and a small histories, Pilgrim's Progress, Uncle Tom's Cabin and Pe­ bunch of cattle. riodicals of the day were read and studied in family circle. Mrs. Heywood either drove a team or cattle. A broken In 1873 a school was opened in Spring Valley. Francell axle where feed was scarce, getting safely over the Colorado was sent there and boarded with the family of a Mormon and up Lee's Back Bone, gathering wood, melting snow, Battalion veteran who later was one of the Arizona's early cooking, caring for children, etc. kept every one busy. settlers, William B. Maxwell. The following are excerpts from Mr. Heywood's journal: One might say her romance began here had she been old enough for romance. However, at the close of the school January 15, 1881 We reached our destination. Bush vallev. term although, not fourteen she became engaged to the The ground is covered with snow. People are living in afo·rt teacher, J. N. Heywood. After two long years of engagement that is not completed. they were married in Spring Valley on January 12, 1876.

79 Mr. Maxwell has a neat house a/,mostfilled with wild meat cured and smoked. ammunition. Every man had a reloading outfit, caps, pow­ der, lead for moulding balls, cartridge shells, etc. Every A church organization with a bishop and other officers, also woman would reload if it became necessary. Many days and a Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association has been nights of terror were spent, which were partly allayed by completed. several miners heavily armed taking refuge in the fort.

January 25, 1881 A relief society was organized with Mrs. Mr. Colter, the first white settler of Nutrioso stopped Coleman. President and Mrs. Heywood, secretary. on his way home from a trip from Canada. The first night in the fort he was taken very sick with high temperature, January 26, 1881 I spent the day searching for and terminating in typhoid. Mrs. Heywood nursed him for chopping down a tree suitable for making a bedstead and several weeks in her home. other articles offurniture, and helping my wife put her new rag carpet on the dirt floor. We fastened it down by driving When it was safe to travel Mrs. Colter and her two little down wooden pegs through it into the dirt. Most of the boys with her two brothers, Alex and Charlie Rudd, went houses were covered with dirt. Dirt minus any clay. When from Round valley to Bush Valley and remained until Mr. the rains began, the houses began to leak rrwre, dirt was Colter could be moved. Thirty-seven years later one of those thrown on. The more dirt thrown on, the longer the water little boys, Fred, was candidate for govenor of Arizona. dripped after the rain stopped. In the early days.of Bush Valley, Mrs. Heywood was One evening Mrs. Heywood stepped outside just in time to a member of a dramatic club that put on plays at home and escape being caught under the weight ofthe timber and dirt also took them to nearby towns. As secretary of the "Relief precipitated by a broken ridge pole. Society" she sent a petition to the Hon. Marcus A. Smith, one of Arizona's first representatives to Congress, asking him to The pole struck her husband on the head as he jumped work for woman sufferage. He answered: "I am not in through the door. The two little boys were buried, but were sympathy with the move. The hand that rocks the cradle soon dug out safe and sound except the littlest chap was rules the world." However, in later years he helped the almost suffocated. women of Arizona to get the ballot

No "Moss Covered Bucket'' hung in the open well all The failure to mature crops year after year made it a used. F.ach one fastened her bucket, clean or dirty, to the end constant sruggle to exist. Sometimes the moisture was so of the sweep, and rinsed it off as she filled it. copious that grain sprouted in the shock and potatoes rotted in the ground Several springs the grain dried up and blew Mrs. Heywood taught her first school in the summer away. One year an abundant crop almost ready to harvest of 1881. Tuition was paid in venison, bear meat and work. was threshed out by a severe hail storm. Three years the After her short term of school closed she milked cows, made grasshoppers took crops. The energy. optomism and hope of cheese and butter, and buckskin gloves all of which her youth were forces that sustained constant endeavor. husband took on burros to Keller Valley and Clifton to exchange for flour, sugar, etc. Mrs. Heywood taught several terms of private school. When her husband went to New Zealand as a missionary in From the Journal ... 1888 and the grasshoppers took all their crops she found it necessary to do something to support herself and five chil­ August, 1881 My wife was nominated and sustained as dren. She attended a five month school; took the county president of the Primary Association of the Alpine ward. examination for teachers and began teaching as a certified teacher. During that period her first great sorrow came. when September 4, 1881 Just as Sunday School closed today her two year old baby drank lye which caused her death, after David Lee rode upfromNutrioso to tell usabandoflndians twenty-four hours of terrible suffering. Her husband re­ had left Camp Apache, and killed one officer and fourteen turned in three years but she continued teaching when her soldiers and for us to prepare to fight. He proposed that we health would pennit. either move to Nutrioso or they move to Bush Valley for better protection. When the eldest girl was eleven, she was stricken with pneumonia, died in a few days and buried Christmas Day. Three years later an eighteen month old girl died with cholera All but four families. among them the Heywoods, infantiem. Mrs. Heywood and a neighbor who helped nurse remained in Bush Valley at the fort. They had guns and the baby took it to St Johns to a doctor. The child died a few

80 hours after reaching St. Johns. Realizing that health, the vigor of youth, and normal Friends prepared the body for burial. The two women training would get better results from the school children, in started on the sixty mile trip with the coffin in the buggy. December, 1921 while still teaching she applied for a teach­ When they reached the divide near home a sudden storm ers pension, thinking it would take yards of red tape before broke in all its fury. The horses refused to face it. Loud peals being granted, but it came so soon it was a shock. of thunder reverberated among the hills. Vivid flashes of lightning almost blinded them. Several giants of the forest It meant the school bell would never call her again. The were shattered to splinters. Sometimes the elements in all pleasant "Good Morning teacher", would greet others and their wrath give consolation to the sorrow-worn soul. school problems would be unraveled by younger and more expert hands. Every night for weeks the clock would tick: In 1891 Mrs. Heywood's brother Willard was struck by "Your work is done, your work is done". Every morning the lightning in Alpine and killed instantly. birds would chirp: "Retired, retired, retired." Voices from the wind would repeat Do-00-00, nothing to do-00-00, and all Mrs. Heywood's health made it necessary to seek a nature would echo. "Laid on the shelf, laid on the shelf." Yet lower altitude so they located in St. John's where two more in consolation would come as it did to a wise old teacher who children were born. In 1899 the family moved to Thatcher, said: "I thank God I have harmed the children so little." Graham County and bought a small farm. Mr. Heywood taught school and the boys worked the farm. Toe stork Mrs. Heywood was the mother of eleven children. The always kept track of the family and brought them two more eight living are: Joseph Neal, Spench Coleman, Ella, Leland, boys. DavidEvans,Sarah Velma, RoberyTassey,andlrving Yates. Six have been teachers but now one is a doctor, one served Early one morning in May, 1904Mr.Heywood went to eight years as County School Superintendent of Graham the field to pile the new mown hay with a buck-rake. When County. One is a Post Office clerk, and one a musician. One he came into breakfast he said the team was hard to handle. an agricultural graduate. All the boys had done farm work, Shortly after he went back to work Mrs. Heywood happened and the girls house work. to look out into the field and saw something was wrong. She went to the team and found her husband some distance from An uncle, IsraelEvans wasoneoftheMormon Battalion. the rake where he had been thrown. The fall had broken his In the Spanish American war two cousins, Corporal Richard neck. L. Bush and Frederick Kaker saw service in the Phillipines. During the World War, one son, David, numerous cousins In order to help pay off the mortgage on the farm and and two nephews Shelley and Benoni Coleman were soldiers. continue the education of her children it became necessary to Benoni was made sergeant and went overseas. At the close teach again. That meant intensive application to study. The of the World War Mrs. Heywood received a certificate of examinations covered a wide range for one whose education honor for service as a "Four Minute Man". had been acquired almost entirely in studying for them. They w~~ often technical and not a real test of ones teaching She has always been a strong advocate of making duty ability, but had to be taken, in spite of disappointment, a pleasure, and taught her children that no honorable work weariness, hard work and sorrow she was willing to gamble was drudgery if done with the right attitude toward it. Her the rest of her life on her childern making good, if given moral force fornever letting her children be idle was dynamic opportunities. So in June she took the teachers state ex­ and gained for her the sobriquet, "The Iron Mother." amination but did not get through.

. In con~ection with house work and other responsibili- u~s she ~tud1ed until the September examination only to be d1Sappomted again. But stoutly maintaining that failure comes only when one stops trying. A tired mind and worn­ out body are not productive soil for mental crops, but another three months of hard study brought success. Every two years thereafter she was a "regular" at examinations. Her school terms have amounted to about 22 in Arizona and 2 in New Mexi~o. Until the "flu" of 1920 compelled her to get a subsutute she had only missed 13 school days.

81 MARTHA J. GIST CHARLTON HOFFMAN Marler (sp) said "Good Lord woman!! did you and those BORN: 1848 little ones stay here all this time?" He seemed very much IN: Crawford County, Arkansas excited and I asked what was the matter and he wanted to FATHER: Aaron Gist know ifI did not know the Indians were out and had killed a MOTHER: Margaret Gist family on Walnut Creek, and that the soldiers from Fort CAME TO ARIZONA: January 1, 1876 - Williamson Whipple had chased them back to the reservation. I told him Valley near Prescott we did not know anything about it and ofthe Indian to whom HUSBAND: (1) Abraham Charlton; (2) J.P. Hoffman I has soldflour. He said it was a thousand wonders the Indian (1921) did not kill us all. I had not felt a bit afraid of him. Married: Bakersfield, California Children: Henry Charlton, Martha P. Charlton, William WehadtogetallofoursuppliesfromEhrenburgh. Had A Charlton, Alfred Charlton; Leeanna Charlton, John F. to pay thirteen dollars for one sack offlour. We bought com Charlton, Louisa Charlton from a man in the valley by the name of Steve Brim and Relatives in wars: "Have heard my father say his father ground it on a little hand mill for bread. The deer and the was a colonel in the Revolutionary War." antelope were plentiful Martha J. Gist was born in 1848, in Crawford Co., Arkansas. Her parents were Aaron and Margaret Gist The family went to California in 1869. Martha J. Charlton had married and started with her husband, Abraham Charlton, to Texas but when they got to Prescott the grass was so fine they stayed there and went into the cattle business for twelve years. Later they moved to Phoenix, or near Phoenix. Mr. Charlton died in 1898 and in 1921 Mrs. Charlton married J.P. Hoffman.

In speaking of her pioneer experiences Mrs. Hoffman says: We came to Arizona by wagon. There were no railroads, nothing but trails to travel and the Indians very hostile. The Hualapai Indians killed a man, woman and two children on Walnut Creek in 1878. Most ofthe people went in to Fort Whipple. There were soldiers stationed there and they went out and chased the Indians back to the reservation. We had about seventy five head ofhorses and Mr. Charlton and Al Miller took them to the Colorado River near where Springerville now stands and traded them for cows. They were gone forty days and I was left alone six miles from any one with four little children, the oldest of whom was ten years old.

Just about the time the men came back with the cattle the Hualapai Indians broke out and killed the family on Walnut Creek. As we were so far from any one we did not know that the Indians had broken out so we stayed at home on the cattle ranch.

One day when the men were out hunting horses an Indian came to the lwuse. I could not understand what he said but he showed me he wanted/1,our and sugar. He said "Mucha wamo hohelo ", but I did not know what it was. I heard later that is was "Good woman". He gave me a dollar in silver and left. About ten days after that Joe

82 SUSAN PROFFITT HORRELL BORN: 1836 LIZZIE ANDERSON HOUSE BORN: IN: Randolph County, Missouri 1866 IN: County Tyrone, Ireland FATHER: David Proffitt FATHER: James Anderson MOTHER: Mary Grimes CAME TO ARIZONA: June, 1878 Miami MOTHER: Marjorie Porter Anderson CAME TO ARIZONA: October 5, 1873 - Fort Verde HUSBAND: J. W. Horrell HUSBAND: Winthrop House Married: 1854, Texas Married: Globe, Arizona Children: Harriet. Marion, Laura, Charlie, Mammie, Children: James, Urban, Winthrop Lovel, Alice, Cora, Ida, Edward Relatives in wars: Father, James Anderson, First Relatives in war: Great Grandfather Terry Bradley, Lieutenant United States Army from 1866-1878 Great Grandfather Joe Oliver, Great Uncle Milton Bradley in Revolutionary War. Husband in Civil War Mrs. Lizzie House, daughter of a Pioneer Woman, three years and six months. Grandsons Walter Gann and Mrs. James Anderson, arrived at Fort Verde, Arizona with Alfred Gann World War and Harry Harrington English her parents in 1873: Navy. My entire trip was made by wagon from Kansas. We I was born in Randolph County, Missouri in the year stayed at Fort Verde one year, during that time my father, 1836, my parents were Mary Grimes and David Proffitt. My James Anderson had the mail and hay contract for the Grandfather Louis Grimes a descendent of Daniel Boone, government. We moved to Fon Apache, and left therefor emigrated from Kentucky to Missouri in 1820. Globe in 1880. The Indians were making much trouble at that time; we had to hide many times from them. On our I traveled from Missouri to Waco, Texas with my way from Apache to Globe they stole all our horses in the p~rents in horse-drawn wagons and lived there for twenty­ night when we had them hobbled out. eight years. In WacoiwasmarriedtoJ. W. Horrell in1854 at the age of eighteen years. Ten children were born to us. The soldiers from the fort came to help and recovered In 1861 my husband entered the Civil War and served three them for us. We always had plenty of provisions as we years and six months, returning to Texas after the war. drove our cattle along with us.

Globe at that time was a Silver Camp. My father had We left San Antonio the eighteenth of August 1876 a grocery store and everything we had for sale was hauled with nine other families for California, over the old in from Wilcox, the nearest railroad. My father located Butterfield route. Elix High was Captain of the wagon some silver claims and was killed by accident in his mine. train. We traveled in horse drawn as well as ox drawn teams; at Palo Pinto Riverwe saw many dead cattle that had Everyone was kind and good to each other in the early been killed by the Commanche Indians; all had their tongues days, like one large family, all ready to help in time of cut out. We were told that the Indians ate the tongues. We trouble and sickness. Women could go out any tirne ofday went through Tucson to the Colorado River and crossed the or night without fear ofinsult ifany did stop her it was only river just below Yuma on flat-bottom boats. Arrived Los to ask if someone was sick, or in trouble and did she need Angeles, December 19, taking just seven months to make the help. trip. In 1869we moved to San Diego. In 1876my husband drove a herd of cattle from San Diego to Arizona and later returned for the family. In 1878 with another herd ofcattle we leftSanDiegowentfromthere to Julian, California; then to Yuma were we again crossed the Colorado River into Arizona.from Yuma to Phoenix. We hadbothoxandhorse­ drawn teams and carried a years rations ofprovisions with us. At Tempe we bought flour at the Hayden Mill. We arrive~ in Globe and camped on the El Capitan Road for a shon time. Later we moved to Miami where we located in June, 1878. We had one small din and brush room: we lived out of doors most of the time for three years; later built a good adobe house. We later took up a ranch on Pinto Creek and moved our cattle or pan of them over there. My boys and husband were successful cattle men. 83 MARYE. HUDSON better time. We met many other parties coming and going BORN: July 14, 1837 and after several weeks oftravel and meeting with all kinds IN: Ripley County, Missouri o[ hardship and adventure we reached my father's home, FATHER: Edward Hudson tired and worn out, from the long journey. MOTHER: Sarah Hudson CAME TO ARIZONA: 1868, traveling through. For a We managed to get a small place in Texas and build short time near Tucson, Arizona enroute to Los Nietos, a so-called house in the timber. By trading in various way California we got afew head ofcattle and some hogs to make ponJor HUSBAND: Andrew J. Hudson home use. Married: December 28, 1854, Ripley County, Missouri Children: Belle, Sarah, Nancy, Myrtle, Mary, Minnie, Very soon my husband had to volunteer in the anny so George, Joe, John, Bennett, Thomas, Andrew and James I was obliged to earn my own living, the children then being Relatives in wars: Andrew J. Hudson, husband, volun­ to little to be ofmuch service to me. I had to work out in the teered for service in Civil War. cornfields, and cultivate what vegetables then were grow1L Cornbread was use principally as wheat flour was scarce as were many other foods. Confederate money was the only Mrs. Mary E. Hudson was born July 14, 1837 in Ripley money used. I used common stock rock salt for the table. It County, Missouri. Her parents were Edward and Sarah had to be pulverized. We ate the only foods obtainable and Hudson. On December 28, 1854 she was married at Ripley they were coarse and rough. I wove and spun, night after County, Missouri to Andrew J. Hudson. To this union were night with my oldest daughter, who was old enough to help born the following children: Belle, Sarah, Nancy, Myrtle, me a little, to run the spinning wheel to help make our own Mary, Minnie six girls and George, Joe John, Bennett, clothing such as it was and to send to my husband in the Thomas, Andrew and James seven boys. army. I had to knit his socks as well as those for my self and children. My husband volunteered for service under Gen­ I have braved the hardships, toiled and struggled, with eral Harney, Regiment G. many adventures. Sometimes found it difficult to find means of support during the war period, as it was hard to obtain During all these long months for fouryears ofhard toil much food, but with determined resolution lfmally met with I struggled along as best I could sometimes for weeks, even better success. months, not seeing a living soul but my own childre1L The house, dog, cows and calves were our company. Neighbors During the spring of the year 1861, my husband, self were few and far between, but I did not feel afraid. I kept a and our family consisting then ofthree children started with hatchet, bowie-knife and a gun in the house for an enter­ other families from near Glasgow, Mo, in emigrant wagons, gency. I like many others was called a 'war-widow'. which contained every one's traveling equipment, such as clothes, bedding and supplies, on our way to Austin, Texas, When the war was over my husband returned home a distance of several hundred miles, overland to where my and we continued to live in Texas for about three years father, Edward Hudson lived. Our wagons were drawn by longer, but not meeting with much success, we. with some work oxen, that proved a slow, tiresome way of traveling. other families, in June, 1868, again started overland with After proceeding for several days in this manner we passed work oxen and wagons. There were nineteen families, with through fine country homes, and nice farms being rudely eleven hundred head ofcattle, work and saddle horses. We torn up by destructive hands, as the rebellion had then just were going to Los Nietos, California via Los Angeles. begun. It seemed to us a shame to see such fine homes as well as other property and live stock being so ruthlessly de­ Every one started on this trip in good spirits and stroyed. I have often heard it said that "a wilful waste makes seemingly with expectation of reaching the destination in a woeful want" and it surely proved true in these cases. safety. When about two weeks on our way we camped at the Independent Springs in the great Guadalupe mountains for After a week or two of travel we met a party going the rest for ourselves and the stock. All of the wagons were opposite direction from us and they wanted to trade their formed in a large circle so that everyone then could cook horses for our oxen. We made the trade and gave them and eat inside the enclosure. Our cooking utensils were $50.00 additional. Our wagons had very large covers made pots, kettles.frying-pans and oldfashioned Dutch ovens for of heavy canvas and drawn over bows with a small rope in baking bread. After having turned the cattle, work oxen. each end to draw the wagon sheets together for protection and horses all loose to graze on the grass. with out any from bad weather, while traveling. After hitching their warning whatever and with no preparations made for horses to our wagons we could travel/aster and made much disturbance, suddenly some of the boys yelled 'Indians, Indians'. Soon we could see bands ofhostile Apaches. bent

84 on the war path. They used feathered bows and arrows, enough to admit his body. The grave was dug inside the circle which ifthey hit their markprovedfatal,Theycould be seen where we all camped as it was impossible to try to dig cutting and driving off bunches of cattle and horses. The anywhere else. They wrapped his body carefully in canvas men only had one or two Enfield rifles, squirrel plantation and pieces of bedding then covered it with earth-all that guns and a few sawed off shot guns. Such a hasty dash could be done. It was a horrible time, especially the Indians, required quick action, the arrow were flying thick and fast their war hoops and piercing screams, riding the ponies so and in all directions. The men were all excited and as they bravely in front of our camp (that they had taken from us). had to mold bullets the work seemed slow. Most of the The Indians wore buffalo scalps on their heads and could women became frightened and all piled up in a wagon change them to their sides while riding to tum the bullets and together among a lot of bedding, including in the number carried thrown across their laps long sharp pointed spears. Grandma Long and they nearly smothered. I put my si.x Every once in a while the Indians would try to make a raid on children in our wagon, placed bedding all around and told the wagons and families but were driven back by the men. them to stay in there, while I resolved to see what I could save during the fighting. After two days of fighting the Indians could be seen driving offthe cattle and horses they had taken from all ofus. This raid took place July 2 and 3, 1868. The sun shone Just as the Indians got about everything from our outfit and very hot, Indians were seen everywhere, as they kept trying were preparing to leave the second day's fig ht, they gathered to make some headway by forcing the men away from the above our camp in a circle with their horses on the outside, camp, and the men were ma.king every effort to protect their holding them by ropes and reins and seemed to be holding families. I looked around for a gun, for I could shoot well some kind ofa meeting. Soon they raised ajlag, part red and in those days, but finding none seized a reap hook, such as part white, then an Indian came down to our camp, unarmed. was used then for cutting hay. It was crooked with a sharp so our men sent out two Mexicans, unarmed, but under the edge and short handle. I heard in the near distance, several protection ofour men, to see what the lone Indian wanted. He hundred yards away from the camp the bell on our fine said that if we would give them some of our children they stallion, old Charlie. I started with this reap hook in my would go away, and not bother us any more. This caused hand and I when saw an Indian start toward the horse. I was quite an excitement and uproar among the families. Very bound to get him ifthe Indian did not get me first. I surely naturally they all said 'No, that so long as life remained in would have popped ojfhis head ifmy strength held out, but their bodies they would not bargain with their children'. fortune favored me and beat the Indian to the horse, got him and led him by a rope and tied him inside the circle in the When gradually the Indians departed to the mountains, camp, as I considered the horse a valuable piece ofproperty probably their stonghold, with their ill-gotten wealth we were to us just then. Then I tied up three yoke ofoxen to pull our sadly shattered people, but after that we were not molested by wagons, also tied up a choice milk cow and her young calf, the treacherous tribe. What I heard and saw during the worst my pet cow old Cherry, to provide milk for my children. hours of the fighting was enough to drive anyone mad. Tell When the rest saw what I had done they got brave and tied me who would want the everlasting friendship of an Indian! up barely enough oxen to pull their wagons away. These After being robbed to the very bed rock and left in want to oxen happened to be lying around near the spring ofwater. suffer for their cruel deeds ofdaring, on searching over the We had trail wagon attached to our wagon but had to battlefield, I believe one Indian's horse was found killed, but abandon it for lack of work oxen. they failed to find any Indian. The men found a poor old cow with an arrow in its stomach. They could not remove it so the Some three or four days before we arrived at Indepen­ unfortunate animal was left in her misery to die. dent Springs Joe Bradford was bitten by a poisonous insect on the left nipple and was unable to drive his team. It kept Among our outfit were four Mexican men hired to help getting worse and worse and his flesh became swollen drive the stock. The Indians claimed that because we had badly. There was no medical aid near and while camped at Mexicans along was their reason for wanting some of our the above named springs during the scrimmage with the children given them. Indians he crawled under a wagon and died. He left a widow and six children who fell to the mercy and protection On the second night after the fight it was suggested that of the remaining crowd. Every one gave what assistance every one make hasty preparations to ,nave under cover of they could under the circumstances to give him burial. darkness that the Indians might not see any of our 1nove- While some were still fighting away at the foes, others were 1nents. When everything was ready the entire crowd made trying to dig a grave with axes and broken handled shovels. another effort to move onward. We all started at nightfall. The ground was so hard it was almost impossible to go any My husband rode the horse I saved, the hired men had to depth but after much effort they finally dug a place big walk, I sat in the mouth ofour wagon, with my baby in my lap

85 bought some more wagons and horses in the summer of and a gun in hand and in case of another attack. As we all 1876, we decided to try our luck again traveling. We started traveled along, the men walking on each side of the wagons out with our wagons drawn by horses, a nice milk cow, a lot occasionallywouldpunchtheoxen withasharppointedstick ofchickens in a coop and ducks fastened under the wagon. to make them go as they were afraid to pop a whip or make Our son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. La.Rue were noise for fear the Indians would return. with us with their tearn, Mr. and Mrs. Coffer and family, and a Mr. Winkelman. We all traveled for several hundred miles We traveledinthiswayall night long, the others having meeting with no mishaps, made our usual stopping places saved a few work oxen too. Just before leaving Independent and reached as far down as where the Cocapaugh Indians Springs Mr. Medlin, the foreman in charge, gave orders to lived below Yuma, Arizona. We made camps as we moved shoot eleven head ofcattle, that the Indians had/ailed to get, along, these Indians not bothering us as they seemedfriendly. for meat to use in case we should be left to the mercy ofthe We got them to put us, our wagons and stock across the cruel Indians, but a guiding angel must have come to our Colorado River on a big wood ferry boat. After getting rescue for we we re all saved from their clutches. Traveling everything together again we started through fields ofcane. onward in this cramped and tiresome manner, how the hours The ground was cracked in places but we managed to get did drag, with our hearts full offear that any moment we over it, the roads being rough with ruts. We stayed one night would be overtaken by the painted-faced warriors, but just at at Yuma then along the San Pedro and Gila Rivers to a place daylight as the morning star appeared, we got through that called Burkes Station, on the Gila about a mile from Agua dreadful looking canyon and rested all day. We had come out Caliente (Hot Springs)anoted health resort. We bouglu this to what seemed an open prairie looking country, a heaven station to run on time as business was good, there being all and paradise to the one we had just left behind, the only kinds of travel, the climate being very wann and different objection being a lack of water for the animals. We hauled from that in California. We had all ofthe business we cared water in barrels and the stock had grass to eat. for and in a few months time had the station paid for. This was during the Silver King mining excitement. There were Atnightwestartedagainandtraveledallnight,reaching not railroads on that line, only four horse covered Concord Crow Springs before day light. It was marshy place with lots mail coaches to bring all passengers and their baggage from of water for stock and camp use and grass for the stock. Tucson to Yuma, with different stations on the route. There was an old deserted fort with its walls fallen down and in this all lay down to rest as they were utterly worn out from Mr. Moore was the manager in charge of the stage the trip. I could not sleep so stood guard by walking around coaches. Meals were $1.00 for all passengers, and$. 50 for these old ruins. I kept looking/or more Indians but never saw transients. We spent about one year there then sold the any. We camped at this place one day and one night and the business to Paddy Burke and family and moved to the next second day moved on in safety. place about ten miles distant and started in business at what was known as Kenyon Station. Business was good and remained so for something over a year until Sisson and We kept going on from place to place and camped Wallace ran a railroad upon the mesa not far from the wherever the re was grass and water. The farther on we went station that soon caused a slump in everything. it was the the less at times we had to eat, as our supply offood was Southern Pacific as it advanced toward Tucson, and the getting almost exhausted. Every chance we had we would travel became lighter and business duller in the station stop for awhile and work although the wage was small. When keeping the line. we reached Tucson we stayed there a few days, and the government issued us some rations as we were all in a needy We had accumulated quite a bunch ofcattle so loading state. In this slow fashion, stopping to work awhile and then up our wagons with what stuff we could haul awa~, driving going on, we finally reached San Diego, California, where our cattle, with men hired to help, we started moving along our crew scattered out to shift for themselves. We stayed the same Gila River. After two or three weeks of travel and there awhile longer trying to get a little ahead in order to go with very little trouble we came to Croton Springs, Dragoon on farther as we were not satisfied. We drifted on finally Mts, Point of Mts .• then stopped at Oak Grove Ranch an_d reaching Los Nietos, California the home ofour friends Mr. bought it from White Bros. lt was a pretty level country m and Mrs. Stocton. We were certainly a weather-beaten, the Sulphur Springs Valley, with adobe corrafs, adobe sunburned looking outfit with scarcely anything left for buildings and oak timber, plenty ofgrass and ~prmg water. support. But we worked at anything we could get to do, sold Our cattle seemed perfectly satisfied to remain there. My what produce we could raise in exchange for clothes and husband had a well dug about four miles from this place in food, traded etc. After several years there we eventually kept the same valley. They went forty-three feet and struck a gaining more ahead and by skillful management succeeded splendid flow of never failing water. He built a new place in obtaining some cows and another home in upper California there, adobe houses to live in that are nice and comfortable, in Ventura Co., living there until luckily selling our cattle we

86 double adobe fences around the house, and adobe corrals. horses. We had some loose stock that were driven along. It He erected a flume to hoist water by wire cable and mule was a nice trip considering the route we went. We followed power, to keep the long trough filled with water daily for the along the railroad across the Mohave Desert to the Needles, cattle and other stock. Our new home was located ten miles California where we shipped wagons, stock and everything from Wilcox, Arizona fourteen miles from H. C. Hookers including ourselves on the train to Flagstaff, Arizona. We ranch known as the Sierra Bonita Ranch. Mr. Hooker reached there toward daylight the next morning and found it raised pure-blood cattle and thoroughbred horses. We cold and snowy. As the town of Flagstaff was a new then it were seventeen miles Camp Grant. We were getting along did not offer much in the way of accommodations for better then than/or many years when, in the spring of1881, travelers but we found shelter. Getting our wagons and other Mr. Hooker came by in his spirited team to notify us that old things unloaded we moved out near town and camped for a Geronimo and the Apache Kid with their band ofwarriors few days rest. The big pine trees and timber looked pretty to were coming down the valley in numbers and on the war­ us. We started on, traveling through the Mogollon Moun­ path, murdering people and taking stock as they came. tains camping among fine tall timber, through the road at times was rough and hilly, down through the Verde Valley, My husband ordered the men to get in readiness our camping in Black Canyon/or several days then on to Cherry, covered spring wagon and hitch to it a lively span of Ash Creek, we bought here from Stemmer and started horses-whichtheydid. Myhusbandandchildrenandigot running a station again. in and soon were driving withs peed to Wilcox. We reached Mrs. Davis' hotel about 10 o'clock that night and stayed Times and business were good. We kept a relay and there about two weeks of until it was safe to return. Our forage station/or the government, they having Infantry and oldest son with the hired men remained to look after Cavalry troops at Camp Verde and Whipple Barracks. This everything on the ranch. Sometime during the next day the station was between Dewey and Camp Verde. We got cattle Indians came and could be seen cutting and driving away and horses again and did well for several years until the bunches ofour cattle and horses while the men were seated troops were ordered away and Camp Verde abandoned. We at their noon meal. As the men started in pursuit the Indians then ran a stable, lodging house, small store and saloon in shot down some of our choice milk cows and drove away connection for the public and trade. thirty head ofour mares and mules. They turned the burros loose. One fine stallion, taken two days earlier returned One afternoon in August, 1899, a tremendous cloud­ home and was glad to get back. What the Indians took and burst fell just above our house in the creek. In a little while destroyed of our property was a total loss which ran into great volumes ofwater came rushing down.flowed through thousands ofdollars. our windows, washing away the black-smith shop chickens and a lot of sawed lumber piled up. Also many other things A few days later, when it was considered safe, we went down the stream. It lasted about two hours and when it returned home. The government sent a body guard offive ceased we found our rooms filled with thick mud on the floors, soldiers out to our ranch to stay ten days each time and tables, chairs, and other furniture. Our organ was upset and renew after ten days more, as a protection. When all a big cupboard of dishes. We found, after cleaning up the danger was past about two months afterwards, we sold our debris, that we Juul sustained a loss of several hundred ranch, cattle and butcher-shop at Wilcox to Percy Bros. dollars. We camped outside for several days, then with the and Stone of Tombstone, Arizona for a fairly good sum of help of others loaded the wagons and moved everything money and after closing up the transaction took the train to worth saving over to Cienega, Arizona a distance of about Tucson. After a day or two there we went to California twelve miles and lived on a stock ranch, the property o/T. W. where we bought a fine well improved, country home of Miller. We stayed there untilluly 9, 1921. On September 21, almost two hundred acres, ten milesfromLos Angeles.four 1921 I came to Jerome, Arizona and now live near my son, miles from Downey City, one mile from Norwalk and one George Hudson and family, and expect to remain here the mile from Santa Fe Springs. We kept cattle, horses and balance of my days. other stock on pasture for people and also had a few dairy cows of our own. I am nearly eighty-six years old and am the only surviving daughter of my father and mother, the others We stayed there for about two years then sold our having died years ago in Texas. My father married again house to Woodhead and Gay of Los Angeles, for a good after the death of my mother in Texas and left several price. We stated traveling overland, loading up a four children by his second wife in various parts of Texas. He horse wagon with supplies, bedding, etc., also a loaded died August 20, 1877, and my mother died September 10, trailer. John S. Warren drove the team for us. Peter 1848 in Texas. I am the mother of thirteen children. I am Tombaugh came along, he being an old friend ofours, the a widow, my husband having died August 24, 1907. He family rode in a covered spring wagon drawn by two was buried in California, near Los Angeles.

87 • MADORA SPAULDING INGALLS My husband had written to me to bring lunch and limes BORN: July 29, 1855 and we shared with the passengers and all were grateful. IN: Clinton, California Prescott did look fine, but, oh, it seemed out of the world. FATHER: N. W. Spaulding Everything was freighted with ox teams. We thought the MOTHER: Mary Theresa Spaulding prices dreadful, but during our "World War" we paid more CAME TO ARIZONA:_ May, 1882 - Prescott than then very often. I remember one day the boys came HUSBAND: Frank S. Ingalls running in with 'Oh Mamma. a man with peaches,' As Married: November 24, 1874 everything was high their father gave them $1.00 and said Children: Walter S., Charles B., Merrill Franklin, 'I guess you can get afew.' They came in with/our peaches. Theresa Ingalls Brice, Harry S., Addie Ingalls Kline We did not indulge in many peaches. Relatives in the wars: Uncles on fathers side in Revolutionary War; Son, Walter S. in Spanish-American Captain Ingalls was elected captain ofthe then "Prescott War and World War Rifles" and being interested in the work/ helped them in their dances and entertainments. In those days each one helped Madora Spaulding was born July 29, 1955 in Clinton, the other. California, the daughter of N. W. and Mary Theresa Spaulding. She was married in Oakland, California, The altitude was too great for me so we left there, my November 18th, 1874 to Frank S. Ingalls, the following husband coming to Yuma to take charge ofthe penitentiary, children were born of the marriage, Walter S., Charles B., my first real experience with the Indians. The squaws wore Merrel Franklin, Theresa Ingalls Brice, Harry, S., and skirts from the waist to the knees, made from the bark oftrees, Addie Ingalls Kline. hair hanging down to the back. The men wore 0t•gee"stings, a hand of yam, navy blue, around the waist. After afew years In telling of her coming to Arizona Mrs. Ingalls they were made to put on clothes. speaks as follows: My husband was President ofthe first Irrigation Com­ My two little boys and I left Oakland, California in pany in this part of the country. We have grown up with the May 1882 for Prescott, Arizona. On our arrival at maricopa country and have seen wonderful improvement, paved streets, we were met by my husband, Captain F. S. Ingalls. We took fine ranches, cheaper fruits and living. For years we made a stage, a rough looking affair and the roads were so rough things do that other people would have thought impossible in it seemed I was hitting the top ofthe stage most ofthe time. the states. We were happy and knew that this was the future The cacti were in bloom, and the Giant Cactus was beau­ country. tiful. I admired the blossoms so the driver stopped, throwing his long whip-lash over and bringing down the blossom. Never having been on the desert it was wonderful In 1903 my husband was appointed U. S. Surveyor tome. General so we went to Phoenix to live for thirteen years. Surely 1882 and 1903 didnotseemthesamecountry. lnl908 We arrived in Phoenix between JO and 11 A.M. We I visited Prescott, going on the railroad and the place had concluded to remain over until the next day stopping at a ceratinly changed in appearance. Now we are back in Yuma "hotel" a long adobe building. Our meals were good, but, again with our figs, dates, fruit trees and grapes-instead of oh my! the coffee and tea and water! I simply could not a desert." swallow it and the heat was fierce (coming from a cold climate) so I had to resort to beer. Leaving the next day for Prescott we rode all that night and the next afternoon. My boys were little men, never a whimper. The oldest, now Adjutant-General of the state. slept all night kneeling on a suitcase, arms and head on the seat. Meals were principally bacon and eggs floating in grease, boiled potatoes looking as if they had not been washed, scarcity of water but the coffee was good-as we climbed the mountains. the scenery was fine and meals better and more water.

88 NANCY JANE GREGG IRVINE My grandfather and grandmother came here with us. BORN: November 8, 1860 They were married fifty years the spring of 1878, went to IN: Johnson County, Missouri Yuma on a freight wagon and took the train in April, 1878. FATHER: Dr. John L. Gregg MOTHER: Mary P. Gregg My father, Dr. John L Gregg, served as a surgeon in CAME TO ARIZONA: October 9, 1877 General Shelby's Brigade, Price's Division, Confederate HUSBAND: Joseph A. R. Irvine Army ofthe West. My uncle William Gregg was a Captain in Married: September 11, 1878 - Tempe the same brigade. They took part in the battle ofSt. Helena, Children: Deborah Irvine Tompkins, Nancy J. Irvine Arkansas. Mohn, John, Leah Irvine McLellan, Palmer, Gregg, Marvine, Alice, Lucile, Thelma, Wilfred Relatives in wars: Father served as surgeon in Gen. Shelby's Brigade, Prices Division, Confederate Army; Uncle William Gregg, Captain, same Brigade; They took part in the battle of St Helena, Arkansas.

John L Gregg and Mary P. Gregg, my father and mother left Missouri, June 2, 1876 for Arizona. We haJ six wagons.just three families in the train. Ourownfamily haJ two wagons, there being six children ofus, ofwhich I am the ELIZABETH IRVINE CRAIG IRION eldest. BORN: November 30, 1842 IN: Allegheny, Pa We came over the old Santa Fe Trail. When we got to FATHER: John Irvine LaJunta, New Mexico on the 24th day ofJuly,just six miles MOTHER: Mary Boyd Irvine this side of Fort Union, they told us, the Indians were bad CAME TO ARIZONA: August 24, 1877 - Pinal Ranch about Las Vegas, so they all commenced loading fire arms. HUSBAND: Archibald Craig ( Died October 3, 1865) My father was in the wagon loading a pistol. It was an old Robert A. Irion ( Died February 2, 1923) fashioned one, he had to put caps on it and he let the trigger Married: Craig - September 3, 1863; Irion March 7, 1868 slip and it went offand shot him in the leg just above the knee. Children: Dudley Craig He had to have the army doctor, but he would not come Relatives in wars: Two brothers in Civil War unless they would come after him so we took him to Fort Union to the hospital, where he stayed several months. Then Thefollcwing is from original research from data secured by Mabel he was brought home and lay there until the next July. We P. Donahue a member of Mrs. Clarks're{isearch committee. saw that he would not live if something were Mt done. My half-brother came out and we sent to Cimmeron and brought Elizabeth Irvine was born November 30, 1842 in Al­ the doctor and a young doctor named Tipton amputated his legheny, Penn. The only daughter with five sons in the leg. The doctor was just from school. family of John and Mary Boyd Irvine. Her parents were sturdy Scotch Irish stock who, as soon as they were married, The first of September we started for Arizona. We set sail for the new world, arriving in New York, May 24, never saw a hostile Indian on the road. We arrived in the Salt 1834. The spirit of the pioneer was born and bred in her. River Valley, October 19, 1877 and took up land near Tempe. The first people we met were Mr. and Mrs. Hayden. The family moved to Sandusky, Ohio where her father Our present Congressman (1922) Carl Hayden, their son. soon became identified with the active interests of the town. was three weeks old. Mr. Hayden was afriend in deed when A staunch abolitionist, bis home was the center of many in need. gatherings pertaining to the freedom of the slave.

I met J.A.R. Irvine at the Hayden home and was During the fearful financial depression preceding the married to him September 11, 1878 and we have haJ the Civil War, the family started westward with Denver as their following children, Deborah, Nancy, John, Leah, Palmer, destination. Securing a very satisfactory contract in St. Joe, Gregg, Marvine, Alice, Lucile, Thelma and Wilfred. Missouri, they tarried there for a brief time. When this was completed they continued their journey westward, leaving My father lived nearly twenty years here and died Elizabeth in a select boarding school for young ladies. October 9, 1896. My mother died January, 1921. We never had any hardships, were contented and I never feared the Indians.

89 On September 3, 1863 she married Archibald Craig, them from being stolen. The third night out the lariets were going with him to Elwood, Kansa_s, acr~ss the riv~ ~m taken off the horses. Another interesting precaution, which St. Joe, where he was established m busmess. Their httle afterwards proved its worth, was when Mr. Irion vaccinated town was raided first by the Northern troops and then by them all. With their cows they had milk for their coffee, and the Southern. These were strenuous times. Her two oldest a small coop of chickens which they opened and let out brothers were with Sherman in his march to the sea and her when they camped, gave them chicken to eat and occa­ father and two younger brothers were members of the sionally eggs. home guard in ther territory of Colorado. She mentions crossing a stream and fmding the bank On October 3, 1865 her young husband died leaving on the farther side so steep the men had to go in the water her among comparative strangers with a seven months old to their waists to get them out. They did not put on dry son, Dudley. Her brother came to her and in the spring they clothes but no bad results seem to have occured. purchased a span of mules and a spring wagon and joined a train going to Colorado, a journey of about thirty days. On June 8, they were snowed in on Raton Pass, the dividing line between Colorado and New Mexico. This Here she resided with her parents until her marriage was a tc,t road, collecting fifty cents for wagons, twenty to Robert Anderson Irion on March 7, 1868. The next ten cents for horseback men, five cents for loose horses and two years in Colorado history were not bright Hard times cents for loose cattle. accompanied by the scourge of grasshoppers for three consecutive years made the struggle hard. On June 18, they reached Las Vegas situated on the Gallinas (chicken) River. As her description of this little In 1877, Charles and Aaron Mason, owner and Mexican town seems to be similar to most of the other superintendent respectively, of the Silver King Mine in towns in New Mexico, I give it in part: Arizona. one of the worlds richest silver mines, being intimate friends of Mr. and Mrs. Irion induced them to join Las Vegas does not seem to be much ofa place. The a brother of theirs who was coming down to the mine that houses are mostly one story, but I presume it is like most summer. They told them of a beautiful little mountain dell Mexican towns. On entering the town we heard a bell on the trail between the Silver King and Globe that they tolling and found that a man had been killed at a dance the might obtain possession of. night before. The funeral procession passed down the street while we waited, and what afuneral. A wagon or two, Knowing that Mr. Irion could get immediate em­ an old covered carriage and quite a number ofpedestrians ployment about the mine, they decided to journey to of all kinds and description. Mexican style. Arizona and seek their fortune afresh in a new land. Disposing of such interests as they thought best, with the And now for Las Vegas, and what shall I say? The exception of twenty two head of cattle for which they could streets are crooked and very narrow. The houses are adobe find no market. Equipping two wagons with their camp and neither artistic or grand. There is one large house outfit and such articles as they ~ they would need, owned by a Mexican named Bacca, who has fifty thousand taking theirhorsesandcattleon Wednesday,May 30, 1877 sheep; but it looks more like a manufacturing plant. they started on their long, tedious twelve week journey overland to Pinal, Arizona where the mill of the Silver There are two church buildings, one Catholic and the King Co. was located. other Presbyertian. Last week they had a fire and four stores were destroyed. I should think they would want some In the journal which Mrs. Irion kept during the entire kind of excitement for a change. trip we have an interesting word picture and are able to travel the road with her, sharing her trials and pleasures, The town is so different from any town I ever saw her weariness and anxious hours, helping her in the before coming to New Mexico. They make a great ,nany preparations of her meals and taking her turn driving one stone walls and ovens ofearth, cone shaped. I did not see of the wagons. Whe~ver it was possible they observed all of the town but what I did see I should imagine it ~ooks the Sabbath day, but many times when water was so far very much like a town in Old Mexico or South America. distant, they had to travel; for with the cattle, fourteen miles a day was about all they could go. Four miles out oftown is the fine residence ofRomero who is New Mexico's delegate to Congress. He has_ a With the possible exception of one or two nights, the Spanish Grant, owning over jive thousand acres. It is a men had to take turns guarding the horses and cattle to keep beautiful house for this country, but the surrounds are of

90 poor description. He has a stone fence all around as far as says some of the walls still standing are at least sixty feet we could see, even up a steep mountain and on the crest of high and four feet thick. An old Mexican told us that the it for several miles. Spaniards build these churches and this is three hundred and seventy nine years old. They were three stories high. As they traveled farther and farther into New Mexico He also said that the Indians burned them: and without a they began to find a shortage of water. The first time she doubt it was fire which destroyed themfor you can see the mentions driving until 10 P .M. and on reaching water there burnt ends ofthe timbers in the walls yet. At this place the was a charge of two dollars. "But", she add, "Bob gave them Mexicans charged them two dollars a dozen for eggs; but to a tea cup of coffee and a bar of soap, which seemed to satisfy make change, the old lady gave them eighty(?) for twenty­ them". five cents.

On Saturday, June 25 she mentions that it is forty Another drive of twenty five miles brought them to the miles to water, and when we realize that they could only Rio Grande where they rested and cleaned up. Bad roads average fourteen miles per day on account of the cattle, we and hard driving brought them here at one p.m. With the can appreciate what thatmeans. Their wagons were equipped exception of dust. heat and mosquitoes they rested here with barrels so they could carry enough for themselves and quite comfortably. She says that a trip like this is a good some for their horses. opportunity for one to be disciplined in patience. One ought to start with a good supply of said article. June 28, they arrived at Puenta de Agua (point of water) and in her journal she speaks of it thus: On the afternoon of July 7, they started again on their journey. The trip across the river is worthy of mention so I The town consists of a few adobe houses, miserable quote from the journal: looking structures, but beyond are the ruins of an old church. It has been in its day, rather an imposing looking We broke camp at one p.m. and drove down to the structure. It is built of reddish brown stone, cemented beach. As the ferry boat was small it was necessary to together with mud instead of mortar. The Pueblo Indians completely unload our wagons. In previous reverence to built itforachurchand it is evidently two hundred years old. this task on one or two entries we can see what a task this Its ancient look reminds one of the old ruins we read of in was, and between the lines we realize how they dreaded it. Europe, minus the ivy. The architecture is ofthe rudest and But it had to be done so we will proceed. most primitive order. The grass is growing on the inside and the Mexicans who live near use it for a graveyard. They pile This we did first. When that was done, the Mexicans, rocks on the graves as the Indians do. with a long poles pushed the boat to the other side and then came back for the wagons. The boat was small and they We were delighted to see such a place for it was a were abliged to straddle the wagon on it, which took so,ne novelty to usandwewereenjoying the sight very much when time and some pretty hard lifting; but they succeded and off an old Mexican woman, a beggar, I presume, followed us they put and were soonbackforanother load. We were next around like a specter and kept jabbering to us. We would and they did the same thing as before, Anna and I riding on not have noticed her very much, iftwo other women and a the load ofgoods which made us diz.z.y and nervous and we girl had not joined her, and what disgusted us most, the girl were not sorry to get on terrajirma once more. was all broken out with smallpox. I tell you we soon hurried ojfto the wagons and it did not take us long to be traveling The load came over all right but when they put the again, leaving the old woman and we hope the small pox wagon on and started over, the wagon upset and two ofour behind. We do not feel very worried for we have all been men who were inside got a dunking; the rest making good vaccinated. their escape. They brought the running gears over and went back for the bed. I was afraid the chickens woud be We found a pretty place to camp but suffered terribly drowned before they got the bed out of the water, but they with the dust. The wind has been in the right direction to held the box up. The Mexicans are like ducks in the water. blow the dust in our faces ever since we started from home. They swim, wade and paddle, reminding us of accounts of It is worse than the heat, and that is terrible, worse than the travelinAfrica:for they are almost naked and burned black rain, cold, or anything we have encountered. It is perfectly from the sun. awful. On Saturday, July 14, she make her first and only The next day. the journal says, they reached the "Abo mention oflndian trouble, although in following on through Ruins." These were in a better state of preservation and the journal I especially note that they drive until late _in the more interesting than those at "Puento de Agua." Their night. and members of the family have told me that l.lus was manner of building was similar to the others. The journal

91 a precaution; making night camps and never lighting a fire, remaining in camp late in the morning, as it is a well known S~lver C~ty and the other by way of Cherry Creek; as the Silver City road was sixteen miles longer, only one light fact tht Indians raid during the early hours as a rule. wagon went to Silver City to get their mail and such supplies as they needed. In speaking of this Indian trouble, she mentions that soon after leaving Ft Craig, they camped near a pretty mountain stream where they met a portion of Wheeler's The next night one of the horses was bitten by a surveying party. This party told them that a company of rat~esnake. This left them short one driving horse, so they soldiers from Ft. Craig were out after Indians north of there decided to try one of the ponys in the harness. This was not to the ponys liking at all and after acting as mean as he could a short time before. They saw a squaw and they told her to they got him started, but every time they stopped, it took the go and bring in the braves, which she did. When they came men to get him started again. She says, I never saw such an near fifteen of them made a rush for the soldiers, but they angry expression on an animal It was perfectly laughable were too quick for the Indians and killed six of them. The had it not been so aggravating. rest fled. I On July 31, they found that they were only one On July 15, the journal gives a rather an interesting hundred fifty miles from Globe. They were in good feed and description of the Mexicans at that time. I quote from the plenty of water for the cattle. So they decided to leave the journal: cattle with the two men whe were driving them and hurry on, I never saw such people as these Mexicans. They looking the country over. The cattle to come later. Now raise a little wheat and com, red peppers, tobacco, peas they could travel faster. and melons and a few tomato vines. If they worked they Their route took them through Ash Spring. Two men could raise alnwst all kinds of vegetables and fruits. I bad been killed here a few months ago and the Indians were believe they have not advanced since the days of Noah, either in fanning or anything else. It seems a pity for such accused of the crime but later on it was learned that white men had done it This was true of many of the so called good land to be in the hands ofsuch a worthless set. They Indian killings. White men bad commited the crimes and have not idea ofimprovement either intellectually or physi­ the Indians got the blame. cally. Their one grand idea is to get a living with as little labor as possible. One more day brought them to Safford, another day to You ought to have see the grist mill we were in while Ft. Thomas and then to San Carlos where they were on the Indian Reservtion. The journal says: we were in San Jose. It was run by water and just as soon as it got through grinding one kimel ofwheat it took right They issue rations to the Indians every Friday and hold ofanother without delay-a very industrious little mill. before three days they have eaten them all up and starve until the next Friday. There are only eighty soldiers here at present (cavalry) but they expect eight companies before On July 24, they reached the Hot Springs. She long. Some ofthe soldiers are detailed to put up a telegraph describes the springs as being twenty feet across one way, line between Camp Apache and Ft. Grant. fifteen or eighteen the other and seven feet deep where the water came out. The water was too hot to bold the hand in. On August 7, we copy from the journal again: It was carried to a bath house and a resort for invalids afflicted with rheumatism bad been established. The water We are within thiny miles of Globe City and I am contained iron and sulphur. anxious to get off this reservation. These Indians are such miserable looking creatures and so filthy. Wizen we are Seven miles farther they came to another and prettier driving along tlzefirst thing we know, some of them comes spring called "Apache Taboo" (Apache Revenge). Some­ riding right on us, or three or four will rush out ofthe brush time in history the Indians had made an attack on this place to look at us. and the chieftain had been killed and was buried in one ~omer of the corral which had since been built. Ft Bayard They make brush wigwams which are airy and cool, I 1s eleven miles from here and in case of trouble they sent presume. They dress in tlze lzeiglu offashion (Apache). The there for troops. male portion all wear a Breech-clout, sometimes a shirt (the tail of which is considerably curtailed) moccasins. a piec(I Here there were two roads, one going by way of of redflannel around their heads; their hair parted in the middle and generally quite long, hanging down their backs

92 like great brush heaps. Sometimes one has a pair ofpants or roof. We moved in immediately. This is not much ofa place drawers and a hat with a perfectly bare bodies. I should think but it looks like business as the mill runs night and day. We they would blister. have at last found a place where we can rest. Anna and I are terribly tanned. We have been twelve weeks and two days on The squaws all wear a gannent ( ifI may be allowed to the road. I am not anxious to take the trip over again as we honor it by that name) which resembles a skirt made of have had some terrible roads and it has been very fatigueing different kinds of material. Some have a cloth over their and we sometimes sufferedfrom dust and/or a good drink of breast but others are perfectly nude from their waists up. water. but at the same time I feel like thanking the Lord for Their hair is cut short in front, which gives them a peculiar His goodness towards us. look. They are not nearly as good looking as the bucks, as the men are called, although the one I saw was fixed up a little. Taking everything into consideration I think it has been She had a great amount ofbeads on her anns, neck and hair a very successfuly trip. We have been unwell/or a few days and she was painted red and blue in streaks across her face; and we have lost four head of cattle, but othrwise we have and by the way she sported as long ear jewels as any great reason to thank His Holy name for the many blessings. fashionable belle.

We eat in the wagon to try and keep away from them, Toe cattle arrived soon after. The men all found but they crowd around us so it makes me sick. I always feel employment in or about the mine and Mrs. Irion boarded the something clutch around my heart, although I know they are office men for aw bile. They remained here until January 23, harmless. She hopes they were harm.less but we know she or six months when they moved to Florence to take charge of was not sure. You cannot help but feel sorry for the poor, the Mason Ranch. ignorant, dirty and degraded creatures. I can imagine though, how terribly a person would feel to hearten or twenty While they were on this ranch Mr. Irion secured a half give their war whoop unexpectly in some canyon. interest in the Pinal Ranch, the one in the mountain fastness that they had heard ofbefore leaving Colorado and on August I saw a squaw yesterday with a young child and I must 14, 1878 they moved to their new home. There was no road say she looked more like some brute than a human being. It closer than the Silver King so they had to move these eight is not to be wondered at that the men look the best for the miles on horseback. women do all the drudgery. They are perfect slaves. I will be glad to get going. I might pause here and give you a little history of this most beautiful spot, located in the midst of natures roughest The next day, August 8, they arrived in Globe City and handiwork, eight miles from the Silver King and eighteen she says I must say this is not much of place. Here she and miles from Globe, on the top of the mountain, this spot has Anna. her sister-in-law stayed while Mr. Irion and Solon been rightly described as a dimple in the mountains. Sur­ Mason rode over to the Silver King. On the 13th they rounded by mountains, this little valley of about four hundred returned and after replenishing their depleted grocery supplies acres of fertile soil, is covered with heavy oak timber, making with such things as butter- $1.00 lb, eggs - $.75 per dozen, a striking constrast to the barren and boulder covered mountain milk-$.15 per qt, flour-$10.00persack, which she thought surrounding it. was very high, they started again across the mountains on the last lap of their long and tedious journey. Here in 1872 Gen. Stoneman, in command of the department of New Mexico and Arizona. decided to build a The Silver King was only twenty eight miles distant by fort and make this headquarters for the Southwestern Divi­ trail but by wagon it was one hundred and twenty miles. sions. The spot was ideal; ovelooking the little valley was a Shortly after starting they were joined by a Mexican who bill rising about seven hundred feet on which was a signal could show them watering places. He remained with them station that overlooked the country for miles around. A road until they reached Florence. This road was by the way of the was in the course of construction, lumber had been whipsawed El Capitan and the Gila River thence across the hills to for buildings, rifle pits had been dug, and everything was Florence then back toward Globe for about twenty five miles moving right along, when suddenly, like lightning from a to Pinal where the mill of the Silver King was situated. They clear blue sky, Gen. Stoneman was transferred to the Depart­ arrived there Friday, August 24, 1877. ment of California. and rumor had it that the Sante Fe office on hearing of the plans, saw themselves left out, and at once I quote from the last page of her journal: proceeded to bring sufficient influence to bear to secure the General's transfer. The Supt. Aaron Mason kindly offered us a company house; it is not very fine but we are thankful to get under any

93 I

To this ideal and romantic spot came Mr. and Mrs. I Irion and their little son Dudley Craig. They built them­ selves a comfortable home and many a weary traveler could speak of the hospitality enjoyed there. Later they acquired I the other half interest and became the sole owners. Their cattle increased until they bad a large herd.

In 1896 they purchased a home in Tempe, Arizona, I planning to spend the winter months in the balmy climate of the Salt River Valley and their summers at the Ranch. This they did until October, 1899 when Mrs. Irion died very suddenly.

In a summary of the life of this remarkable woman who bad lived on the frontier since her young ladybood, we find a rare charm and culture which influenced all who came in contact with her. A musician of no small ability, a little organ that bad come around the Hom was packed on mule back to her home in the mountains, helped her to keep up her music even in her isolation.

Her life was spent either at the end or ahead of the railroads. St Joe, Mo., was the end of the road when her husband died. She went into Colorado ahead of the rails, and when she moved to Arizona the ends of the lines were El More, Colorado, Los Angeles, California from the west and Texas from the East

A devout Presbyterian all her life, her father having been an elder in the First Presbyerian churches of Sandusky, Ohio, Denver and Pueblo, Colorado, and her father and mother were both charter members of the last two mentioned. her home was one of the very few where the Holy Bible was daily read and daily family worship was observed; more fitting is this as an examplification of her wonderful char­ acter, when we realized that at that time even Sabbath worship was seldom observed by the frontiersman.

A pioneer in every sense of the word, gentle, refined and well educated and yet with that wonderful strength of character, she was able to bravely face the perils and dangers that confronted her and give of her best towards the making of our great southwest.

Her husband, Robert Irion, passed away February 2, 1923 at Pinal Ranch.

94 JANE MOSHER KENNEDY CORA J. CLANTON KELL BORN: 1845 BORN: October 30, 1868 IN: Avondale, Nova Scotia IN: Des Moines, Iowa FATHER: Nicholas Mosher FATHER: T. N. Clanton MOTHER: Jane Mosher MOTHER: Sarah E. Clanton CAME TO ARIZONA: October, 1876-Globe CAME TO ARIZONA: October 30, 1877, on a cattle HUSBAND: John H. Kennedy ranch eight miles below Mayer on Big Bug Creek. Married: April 17, 1871- Chetopa, Kansas HUSBAND: H. E. Kell Chil~ren: Lydia Kennedy Hawkins; Florence Kennedy Married: April 22, 1895 - Buckeye, Arizona Smailes; Globe P., Ethel Kennedy Finn; Rocky M. Children: Newton E., Amelia S., Cora May Relatives in wars: Relatives in the wars: Jane Mosher Kennedy was bom in Avondale, Nova My parents were T. N. and Sarah E. Clanton. I was Scotia in 1845. My parents were Jane and Nicholas bom in Des Moines, Iowa, October 30, 1868. We came to Mosher. I was married to John H. Kennedy April 17, 1871 Arizona, October 30, 1877 and settled on a cattle ranch in Chetopa, Kansas. My children are: Lydia, Florence, eight miles below Mayer on Big Bug Creek. We were never Globe P., Ethel, Rocky M. molested by the Indians as they did not come to that part of the country while we were there. With my husband and family consisting ofmyself and husband and three children of whom the oldest daughter We were among the first families to settle the Buckeye was a daughter by aformerwife, my son and nephew, David Valley. My mother and sister and I with others helped Bevore having preceeded us with a band of cattle, left organize the first Sunday School in the Buckeye Valley. I Kansas in 1875 for Prescott, Arizona. Myself and three was secretary of the Sunday School children spent the season in Texas while my husband made what preparations were necessary for our long trip over­ In the summer of1885 my father sold his stock ranch land. He had a spring wagon especially built with every in Yavapai County and we came to Phoenix where we lived convenience for the trip. Our trip overland was rather on a farm until January, 1887 we came to the Buckeye tedious and we experienced some hardships. Valley. Early in the spring of 1888 a Post Office was es~ablished and I, Cora J. Clanton was appointed post­ We arrived in Globe in October, 1876 in the best of mistress. I he Id the position one year and received $5.00 as health and spirits. payment for the year. But our ambition was to get a Post Office and we succeeded. The name ofthe new office was My husband lost his life February 28th, 1891 at the Buckeye. age of sixty-eight trying to ford the Verde River on horse­ back. On April 22, 1895 /was married to H. E. Kell and the following children Newton E., Amelia S. and Cora May Kell were bom of this union.

95 AMELIA ROGERS KERBY BORN: May 4, 1869 I married Abna La. Corau Kerby, February 8, 1889 at IN: Wanship, Summit County, Utah Pima, Graham County, Arizona. We have ten c hilden, seven FATHER: Ross R. Rogers ofwhom are living. All our children, except one, were born MOTHER: Cynthia Ann Eldridge Rogers in Arizona; that one came to us while visiting the old place CAME TO ARIZONA: March 6, 1876 - Lehigh and people in northern Utah. My husband died October 6, HUSBAND: Alma LeCorau Kerby 1915, al our home in Kerby, Arizona. Married: February 8, 1889 - Pima, Arizona Children: Mary M., George Alma, Francis Le Cornu, My father was an early settler in Utah but just what Alice A. Kerby Elam, Irene Kerby Sullivan, Bessie B. fighting he did, I do not know. My mother crossed the plains Kerby Qine, Made R. James Albert, Joseph Robert, Reta from Iowa with the hand cart company. My husband and I Chloe kept a wayside Inn, for about ten or twelve years, during. Relatives in wars: Nephew Arthur Kerby killed in action which time we had many and varied experiences. in World War; Brother Hiram Rogers in World War

Amelia Rogers Kerby, born on the fourth of May, 1869, in Wanship, Summit County, Utah. I am one of a family ofsixteen children. When I was seven years old my parents, Ross R. Rogers and Cynthia Ann Eldridge Rogers, with a quite large company ofpioneers, came south to help build up the country.

We landed on the Salt River, about five or six miles up the river from the little town ofLehi, on the sixth day of March, 1876. (My mother's thirtieth birthday.) We stayed here until the menfolks could locate land, which they lost no time in doing. While in this camp I remember my uncle Henry Rogers, my father's brother, coming into camp one day with a.fish on the end ofhis pole over his shoulder, that wasas long as my uncle was tall; it was the biggest fish I ever saw. I do not know where he caught it but he had the.fish.

The company divided at this camp, part ofthem went on to the San Pedro, and settled the town ofSt. David; the rest settled what is now Lehi on the Lower Salt River Valley; we called the place Jonesville at first.

My father surveyed or helped survey the first ditch to take water from the river out onto the land. One of my cousins was bitten on the foot by a rattlesnake as he came into dinner one day. He got well, but everyone was so frightened and he was sick a long time. When it came to snakes, scorpions, and centipedes we surely had to fight for our lives. We also had our Indian troubles and scares.

The first school I attended was taught by one ofthe neighbor women in her own house. The people paid her for teaching, in potatoes or cabbage, meat or a piece ofcloth whatever they had that she could use. I attended the first Normal School at Tempe. Charles Trumble Hayden, our Representative's father, Carl Hayden, introduced me to Professor Farmer, the first Principal ofthe Tempe Nonnal School. rI grass in some places was to high you could scarcely see over ALICE CURREN LANGE the top. There was plenty and all kinds of game and great BORN: May 22, 1859 herds ofbuffalo, antelope, deer and lots ofbear. There were IN: Sharpville, Indiana lots ofprairie chickens and we also saw great herds ofwild FATHER: Thomas Curren horses. MOTHER: Margaret Armstrong Curren CAME TO ARIZONA: 1875 - Gila City, 18 miles from In April, 1875 I was married to August B. Lange and Yuma left just after my marriage with my husband for Arizona, HUSBAND: August B. Lange arriving at Yuma. We then went to Gila City, which was just Married: April, 1875 - San Diego, CA eighteen miles from Yuma, at which place we lived/or two Children: Rosa, Alice, Tilarance, Etta, Ada, Albert B., years. From there we moved to Tucson; from Tucson to Olga Tombstone; then to Wilcox where we resided for fourteen Relatives in wars: Father and mothers two brother, years. Then moved to Globe, where we have lived for William and Thomas Armstrong in Civil Way; Son Albert twenty-five years, and where we reside at this time. We had B. Lange in World War. six girls and one son. I was born in Sharpsville, Indiana, May 22, 1859. My parents were Margaret Annstrong and Thomas Curren. After the Civil War my parents and myself moved to Arkan­ sas: from there to Granby, Mo. In 1874 we left Granby in a wagon drawn by six mules for California. There were three OLEVID L. EKLUND LARSON other wagons with families in the train that went part way. BORN: October 5, 1856 IN: Gadtland, Sweden We arrived in San Diego, California in March, 1874 FATHER: Andrew Eklund taking just ninety days to make the trip from Granby. My MOTHER: Hedie Lorentia mother died there the month after her arrival. CAME TO ARIZONA: 1880 - Snow Flake, Apache County We did not meet any Indians, but passed by a camp HUSBAND: Mons Larson where the Indians had just killed a man and woman and three Married: January 23, 1876 - Salt Lake City children. The oldest boy of the family they did not kili but Children: Maroni M, Andrew L., Reo J ., Ephram, took him with them, the boy being about six years of age. Hyrum I., Olive L., Elem B., Erma, Merry They had scalped the others and burned the wagons and took Relatives in wars: the animals. The wagons were still burning when we arrived. The men in our party buried the dead while the I was born in Gadland, Sweden, October 5th, 1856. Parents soldiersfollowedand captured the Indians shortly and found names were Andrew Eklund and Hedir Lorentia Eklund. I the boy all right. He was adopted later by the wife ofone of married Mons Larson in Salt Lake City, Utah, January 23, the officers. 1876. Our children are Marone M., Andreew L., Reo J., Ephram, HyrumL, OliveL.,EllenB.,Merry, and Emma. We We nearly perished one time for want of water. The arrived in Snowflake, Apache County, Arizona in 1880. water holes were thirty to forty miles apart, some farther. We always carried water in a barrel tied to the side ofthe wagon. I left Santaquin, Utah about October 1st, 1879 and This water was used to cook and drink and some for the arrived in Snowflake, Arizona the later part of 1880. My son animals. We arrived at a water hole where we expected to fill was born on the way in mid-winter in a covered wagon. We the barrel but found the hole dry and we had very little left in traveled by ox team four oxen and one wagon. We camped the barrel. We rested here for a short time and started out on the big Colorado River nine weeks to build a ferry to again, thinking we could reach the next water hole by cross. We had to explore the country as we went and built our morning but in the dark we lost our way. So we were own roads many times along Indian trails. compelled to travel all day over a hot, dusty road and could go no farther. Father started out on foot and located a goat After about two years residence in Snowflake we ,iwved ranch about three miles from where we stopped. He finally to Pima, Graham County. From the re we ,,wved to Glenbar, returned with a bucket ofwater, but our tongues and throats when the Indian Kid and Geronimo were on the war path. I were so dry and swollen we could scarcely drink and could was appointed the first Presidentforthe LD.S. ReliefSociety not talk. The men at the goat ranch charged us one dollar a in the Nattlle Ward. I was also the first President for the bucket for the water. Religion Class in the sa,ne ward and also a worker in the Primary. We travelled through some beautiful country, the

97 minutes, and to arrive safely, though out of breath at the INEZ HAMBLIN LEE store where all the people in town had preceded me, BORN: April 4, 1871 including my friend, Ida, her folks were just leaving when IN: Kanab, Kane County, Utah she reached home. FATHER: Jacob V. Hamblin MOTHER: Louisa B. Hamblin I have seen many people whom the Indians had CAME TO ARIZONA: October 10, 1881- killed. The boys used to go and bring them in and bury them Springerville, Apache County in our cemetery and great was our anxiety while they were HUSBAND: J. Davis Lee away. I saw a soldier in an hour after he had been shot Married: October 8, 1889, St. George, Utah through the ankle. The company had been ambushed and Children: Jacob, Edna, Louisa, Lela, Anthony, Otto, the doctor was killed; also several horses. We often used to Earnest, Rex, Bernice, Jessie go out there and ride up the grade and imagine where was Relatives in War: Relatives in Revolutionary War and the best hiding place. also the War of 1812; Charles and David Hamblin in Mexican War, Seventy three in the Union Army; Father As children we never went barefooted except through and brother in Indian War. choice. My mother had a good deal ofthe faculty Harriet Beecher Stowe speaks of in "The Minister's Wooing," She We arrived in Arizona, October 10, 1881. We were soled the tops and topped the soles, continually though three weeks (months) on the way to Arizona. Drove cattle where she got the material I have no idea. She made hat along. A Mr. Judd.who was with us drove two yoke ofoxen. shapes for us and all the relations ofthe wire in her hoopes He ferried them across the big Colorado, but next mo ming from time immemorial. We were quite fixed up and entirely they were back in the ferryman's field so he made them in the fashion in that locality at least. She made trousers for swim back. Seeing them swim that broad swift stream gave the boys ofthe seamless sacks with the stripe running down me quite a thrill. the outer seams ofeach leg. They were classy, so to speak. The sticky bread is one ofmy most painful recollec­ I feel like I have really pioneered in the Woman tions. It beat some ofthe glue we get now by a city block. Suffrage question. The campaign was always on with me, You could take hold of the corner biscuit and carry the and the rebuffs and set backs and cool stares did not change whole panfulfrom the oven to the table without the slightest my mind a bit or even cool my ardor. danger of dropping any and we had little or no grease to wallow it down with. I have been the Secretary of some associations ever since I was nine years old. It amuses me to think ofsome of I quite enjoyed the Indian scares. I was sixteen when my efforts and I wonder what I said on occasions when Geronimo was at this worst (or best) and whenever an called on. Perhaps it is just as well for my self esteem that Indian alarm was given everyone ran to the large adobe I cannot remember. In the Church I have worked in the store and corral. The youngsters then. as now, were going Primary, the Sunday School, Mutual Improvement Relief to the dogs, and we would leave the safe place and go for Society, and Religion Classes. a moonlight ramble. On one such occasion, the wind flapped some clothes that had been left on the line, and it Was County Chairman ofthe Woman's Liberty Loan sounded like horses running. Some of the girls screamed during the War. County Suffrage President, County del­ and we all ran but those of us who knew what it was were egate to Food Administration, and County Chairman ofthe left far behind and when we arrived at thefortor store great Democratic Women and member ofthe County Child Welfare was the excitement, and process of inspecting the number Board. I have endeavored to be an asset to the community and quality ofjireanns, on explanation we we re in for some in which I have lived, by giving the best service of which I severe criticism on our conduct. Except for that occur­ was capable to whatever cause opportunity presented. rence, no one in the fort would have known we were out. Later, in her life, Mrs Lee served as a member of the ill One day my mother had been all day with a Arizona State Agriculture and Horticulture Commission headache. A girl friend called and I went a little way with for several years under Governor Hunt She was also a her. Then I did some chores and by the time I got in the member of the faculty of Gila College in Thatcher, Arizona. house it was quite dark. It seemed unnecessarily quiet. I spoke to mother and getting no answer went to the bed. Not only was there no Mother, there was no bedding. All gone feather tick and all. It took less time than it goes to tell it to decide there had been a scare in my absence of a few

98 I MARYE. WILLDEN LILLYWIIlTE BORN: November 5, 1850 NANCY JANE MCFADDEN IN: Beaver City, Beaver County, Utah BORN: December 25, 1853 FATHER: Charles Willden IN: Gordonville, Ky MOTHER: Eleanor Turner Willden FATHER: G. B. Gordon CAME TO ARIZONA: Spring of 1880 - Located first MOTHER: W. B. Gordon at Alpine, then called "Bush Valley" CAME TO ARIZONA: July 4, 1886, Holbrook HUSBAND: Joseph Lillywhite HUSBAND: William McFadden •") ' f.1 ' ..\. -, Married: December 5, 1867, Beaver City, Utah Married: May 31, 1877, Panlopinte, Texas r'"' : -' ,.. · V\- 1 c. Children: Joseph, Benjamin, Mary Eleanor, Charles W., Children: Margaret, Grover, Elsie, Dolly, Jim, Clark, J. Lawrence, John Leroy, Horace F., Mitchell W., Anne Clarence, Bessie L. Relatives in the war: Grandfather, John Gordon - War of - Relatives in wars: Grandsons, Charles L., Herman, and 1812; Great-Uncle Joseph Gordon - Colonel in Revolu­ Lawrence Lillywhite served in World War, the two tionary War, Husband in Civil War; Nephew Roy former serving over seas. Robinson, Jessie Cox in World War.

Mary E. Willden Lillywhite, daughter of Charles and Eleanor Turner Willden was born at Beaver City, Beaver I was born in Gordonsville, Kentucky, December 25, County, Utah, November 5, 1850. She was married at 1853 and married William McFadden in Palopinto, Texas, Beaver on the 5th of December, 1867 to Joseph Lillywhite May 31st, 1877. We arrived in Arizona, July 4, 1886 and and they had the following children: Joseph, Benjamin, stayed in Holbrook three months. From there we moved to Mary Eleanor, Charles W.,J. Lawrence,JohnLeroy,Horace, Young. While there we went through the sheep and cattlemen's Mitchell W. and Anne L. war. We left Young in 1888andmovedto the SierraAnchas The family arrived in Arizona in the spring of 1880 and in 1913 moved to Globe where we still reside. and located first at Alpine, then called "Bush Valley", Apache County. We lived in the Sierra Anchas when the Apache Kid was bad. The Indians killled several white men near us. We Mrs. Lillywhite was active in social, religious and pioneer came to An"zona with Glen Reynolds who was later killed by work mainly in Woodruff, Arizona, wherein 1888 the death the Indians. The nearest neighbors we had were twelve miles of her husband from pneumonia left her a widow with a away. We had several bad scares from Indians. One time we family of seven children mostly dependent on the mother's all forted at Glen Reynolds. Mr. Fred Baker was killed six activities for support during the most strenuous pioneer days miles from us and the same band ofIndians came to my house confronting the early settlers of northeastern Arizona. and stayed all day. We had to pack everything in a packtrain. In 1905 we had our first wagon road. We suffered from She studied obstetrics and nursing and without other drought, which caused our cattle to die. medical assistance successfully attended over three hundred confinement cases and nursed mother and babe with but one fatality, and that one by reason of previous ailments was hopeless. She nursed hundreds of patients from a fevered state to health. Probably few, if any, pioneer women of Arizona had more hours beside the sick bed to their credit and many were the fevered brows soothed by the gentle touch of "Grandmother Lillywhite."

Mrs. Lillywhite died at Mesa, Arizona, July 6, 1922.

99 KATHERINE YOUNG McLANE a stove out of logs and my brooms were made from burrow BORN: October, 1849 weed. I brought with me a tub which had fallen to pieces on IN: Germany the way, but took it to the creek at the ol.d Kennedy Ranch and FATHER: Mr. Young put it together again and filled it with wet sand and used it/or MOTHER: Mrs. Young many years after thaL CAME TO ARIZONA: June, 1880 • Globe HUSBAND: Max.well A. McLane We then moved to Bloody Tanks the end of the Globe Married: 1871, Eureka, Nevada Stage road, from there the people took the road to Silver Children: Louisa, Mortimer, Alden King. The first ore smelter was at Bloody Tanks, but they Relatives in wars: Husband, Maxwell A., in Civil War; were not successful and later it was moved to Globe. We Husband's brothers, William, Alden Chester, Mortimer bought a cow from Gordon's on the Salt River that had been McLane also in Civil W-ar brought from Oregon and paid $50.00 for her. Left my home in Germany in 1868 and did not land in New York but took a boat that proceeded to Panama and was transferred across the Isthmus of Panama by railway and arrived at a place near Aspen Wall. In the morning everything was unloaded and by night freight and passen­ gers were all aboard the other vessel and ready to sai~ to San Francisco. It took just three weeks to make the trip.

I remained three years in San Francisco from there went to Eureka, Nevada, part way by train and part way by Concord stage.

After my marriage to Maxwell Mclane we moved to Spruce Mountains, Nevada, a mining camp, having their own saw mills. My three children were born there. From there we moved to near Death Valley, California, drove all the way from Nevada. The road was over miles ofnothing but sandy desert. We did not see any wild game, not even birds. One night we got on the wrong road and missed the watering place. My husband then took the team up a nearby mountain and located a sheep camp and they told him where he could find water. That night our horses ran away and left us. My husband started out the next morning tolookforthemandovertookthemmilesawayandgotback to us by night. Ifhe had not found the horses we woul.d have been left alone on the desert.

It took six weeks to make the trip and there were only a few watering places on the way. We had a prairie schooner and carried our water with us in barrels. There was not even a stage route over this country. When we left Death Valley we came by wagon to Globe taking just six weeks to make the trip. Came by way of Prescott, then to Phoenix and Florence and over the El Capitan road. When we arrived in Globe we had just fifty cents left, but my husband soon found work at the Golden Eagle Mill for seven dollars a day freighting.

Therewereonlyfouror five white people in Miami at that time. We had only a tent to live in and no stove. I made

100 LUCINDA P. BROWN MERRILL came to an old abandoned fort and here located a lot of land BORN: April 9, 1847 and intended to homestead. When the men went to file on the IN: Seneca County, Ohio land in Tucson they were told it was part of an old Spanish FATHER: Bartlett Brown grant. At this place the Indians came in all their war paint and MOTHER: Joahanna A. Leach feathers and begged to buy or trade for the guns they had in CAME TO ARIZONA: June 6, 1882, St. David, Cochise camp. They left this place and returned and later they heard County theindianshadreturnedandmurderedaMexicanfamilythey HUSBAND: Philemon C. Merrill left behind. Married: January 11, 1867 - Utah Children: Joanna F., Philemon, Tl.lllothy, Bartlett, The Indians took up their trail and followed them for Gerald, Susannah, Rhoda, A. Cyren, Josephine, Seaman, three days at a distance, but did not attack them. The road Roy, Ralph being so rough, it was almost impossible to travel over it Relatives in wars: Nephew, George A. Seaman, Span­ They remained in Tucson for the winter where her husband ish-American War, slightly wounded hauled wood. Tucson at that time was a very small place with mostly Mexican inhabitants and only a few white families. Lucinda P. Merrill arrived in Arizona, June 6, 1882 They moved from Tucson to Tempe where they lived until and located in St. David, Cochise County. Also lived in the 1876. During their stay in Tempe her husband and son Gila Valley and Graham County for the past thirty-three helped to build the Hayden Flour Mill, one of the first in the years. state.

President of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus In 1876 they moved to what is known as Wheatfield, ChristofLatter Day Saints in Bryce Ward. Teacher in school . travelers over the old Silver King Trail. Thee they engaged at St David. Fought the hard time in maintaining a livelihood in ranching until 1880 when they moved to Bloody Tanks, in the early days. "Hardest work I found was to get a new where her husband bought our the Ranches pack train that ran bonnet" from Silver King to Globe, and packed in the stock business. This promised to be successful, but they were obliged to discontinue it soon afterwards as the Indians were on the warpath in that section and caused them a great deal of trouble. MIRIAM MIDDLETON BORN: 1830 During their stay at Pleasant Valley they were attacked IN: Illinois twice by Indians, one time her son was shot and several other FATHER: men killed. Another time they escaped at night by slipping MOTHER: out into a big bunch of tame cattle that came up around they CAME TO ARIZONA: 1872 - Tucson ranch house. Mrs. Middleton told her younger children they HUSBAND: William Middleton were not to cry out if they got briars in their feet no matter Married: 1850 what happened. They were not to speak a word. They went Children: Frank, Henry De Wain, Ella, Hattie, Alice, on in safety with the stock. She road a horse part of the way Della, Eugene, Leroy, Clifford, Willice to Globe that had been shot through the shoulder. Relatives in wars: Son, Clifford in Spanish-American War. One of the party being missing they supposed he had been killed, he had been on guard and sprained his ankle and Miriam Middleton was born in Illinois in 1830, and hid among the big boulders until the fright was over. They was married to William Middleton in 1850 in Illinois. Her were all very thankful to find the man alive. husband was a native Kentuckian. Mrs. Middleton and her husband left immediately after their marriage and crossed Mrs. Middleton remained in Globe after this attack the plains with ox teams to California. Her husband having until the time of her death in 1883. her husband sold the ranch previously visited that state in 1849. In the year 1852 she and moved to Globe where he resided until his death in 1891. and her husband settled in the gold fields and he engaged in Mrs. Middleton was the mother of five: Frank, Henry, mining and blacksmithing in different localities for twenty De Wain, Ella, Eugene, Hattie, Alice, Wallace, Della, Leroy, years. and Clifford.

In 1872 with five other families they came to Arizona over the old Butterfield route by way of Yuma, passing Tucson and following up the San Pedro River until they

101 ,

ELLENJ,BATESNEWMAN AGNES VINYARD OLLSON BORN: 1877 BORN: 1881 IN: Winslow, Arizona IN: Tonto Basin, Arizona FATHER: Orville E. Bates FATHER: John A. Vinyard MOTHER: Ellen Wakefield MOTHER: Mrs. John A. Vinyard CAME TO ARIZONA: Native CAME TO ARIZONA: Native HUSBAND: R. Lee Newman HUSBAND:L.A.Ollson Married: 1897 -Tuba City, Arizona Married: August 15, 1898 - Globe, Arizona Children: Children: John A., William A., Ethel Ollson Dennis, Relatives in wars: Maggie May, Katie J., Emma Agnes, George D., Edward Alton, Clarence Alvin, Dorothy Lucille My parents were early settlers in Arizona. They Relatives in wars: Father, John A. Vineyard in Civil War came her in 1877. I was born that same year near the present town of Winslow, Navajo County. I was born in 1881 in Tonto Basin, three miles north ofwhat is now called the Roosevelt Dam. My parents were When I was very young I began to carry my share of Mr. and Mrs. JohnA. Vinyard. the burdens of very hard times. I was taught to card wool and spin yam to make clothes for the family. We knitted our I was married August 5, 1898 in,lobe, Arizona to L hose and mittens, crocheted our underskirts, hoods and A Ollson, located 12 miles north of Globe in Wheatfields. jackets. Our shoes were often made like the Indian mocca­ sin of buckskin tanned by my father. We also made butter and cheese and helped till the soil.

For several years we helped to grindwheatonahand mill for our bread. Later a largermilltookitsplace, this was run by horse power.

In summer we girls gathered straw from the wheat and rye fie Ids to make our hats. We braided the straw then sewed it into shape, and blocked it.

We had no way of canning fruit and vegetables in those days. To keep them for winter use we dried such vegetables as pumpkins, string beans and com, nearly all fruits could be dried.

These are just afewofthe hardships. We lived on the Navajo Indian reservation for many years. As a small child I was very much afraid ofthe Indians, but as I became older outgrew that fear.

When I was sixteen years ofage we moved from Tuba City to Flagstaff, Coconino County. Here I worked for different families at housework for three years. Then I met and married Robert Lee Newman (his parents were also early pioneers), this was the year 1897. We were married in my old home town Tuba City, ninety miles north of Flagstaff.

After living in Flagstaff eight years we moved to Holbrook, Navajo County, where we now reside. My husband is now sheriff of this county, this being his third term.

102 I

PURLINA T. SWETNAM OSBORN She was particularly adept at nursing and took care of many I BORN: January, 1821 confinement cases. At one time during a severe epidemic of IN: Lawrence County, Kentucky diarrhrea among the little children of the settlement doctors FATHER: James Swetnam were apparently making but little progress in arresting the MOTHER: Mildred Swetnam disease. Mrs. Osborn treated a number of children with a CAME TO ARIZONA: 1864 - Prescott home remedy and did not lose a case. The treatment consisted HUSBAND: John P. Osborn of the use of a powder made from sheep bones burned and Married: about 1840- Kentucky ground to a powder and given in that form. In later years she Children: William L, Elizabeth M., Louisa, Janetta, J. used the same powder with success after coming to Phoenix. David, Ezra, John W., Neri, Purlina N., Rose J., Ema Arizona In 1870 the Osborn family moved to the Salt River Relatives in wars: Valley and located on a ranch on McDowell Road. There were no doctors in the valley at that time and Mrs. Osborn Mrs. Purlina E. Swetnam Osborn was born the with two other noble women Mrs. Kellog and Mrs. Rogers twentieth of January, 1821, in Kentucky, her parent's home were depended upon to attend all confinement dates, being situated in Lawrence County on the banks of the Big sometimes returning from one only to be called on Blaine River. Their names were James and Mildred another. For a long time the mothers had more confidence Swetnam. in these women than the doctors even though they felt their work was done when the doctors came in. She was married to John P. Osborn, about 1840 in Kentucky and moved with him to Iowa in 1852, bringing Mrs. Osborn joined the Methodist church when their worldly goods and live children by ox team, the chief fifteen years of age. She was a charter member of the First mode of conveyance for pioneers at that time. After Methodist south of Phoenix and a contributor to the residing in Iowa for some years they moved in a similar building fund. One of the first white women who came to manner to Colorado where they established a home near Arizona, every year of this Christian woman's life was Colorado Springs in 1863. devoted to the education of her children and an effort to be of use to those who needed her services. She was never In Iowa Mr. Osborn engaged in farming and in too busy to assist others. Colorado was in the dairy business. Both moves had been made with the hope of benefiting Mrs. Osborn's health and She was the mother of the following children: for the same reason they later moved south locating in William L., Elizabeth M., Louisa, Janetta J., David Ezra, Prescott, Arizona in the year 1864. John W., Neri F., Purlina R., Rose J. Ema Arizona.

An interesting experience of the trip was that along Resean:b was galbeted by Ethel Maddock Clarlr:, fran newspaper inierviews wilb William L. Osborn and olbor. the Little Colorado east of Flagstaff they had gathered salt on the bottom of the salt pools along the river. When they reached prescott there was a salt famine there and salt was selling at50cents a pound. This wasjustafewmonthsafter Arizona had been made a military district and two months after the establishment of Whipple barracks at its present location. Except for the soldiers and officers at the army post, Prescott was almost uninhabited, when they arrived on July 6, with many head of cattle after a long tedious trip. At that time there were only five buildings of any kind.

About six months later a saw mill was started on Granite Creek about two and one-half miles from town. After the finished lumber began to arrive the Osborns built the first two story house ever erected in that section of the country. It was called "Osborn House" and served as a hotel.

Mrs. Osborn's chief interests were the care of her family and doing as much as she could for her neighbors.

103 NANCY ORPHA BOGGS PACE ments and school. Not many years after we arrived the BORN: March 18, 1859 Latter Day Saints started an Academy, out of which has IN: Salt Lake City grown what is now the Gila Normal College. What socials, FATHER: Frances Boggs theatres, or other entertainments we had we made them MOTHER: Evelina Boggs among ourselves and still cherish memories of some very CAME TO ARIZONA: December 18, 1882 - Thatcher good times even though their nature would seem crude HUSBAND: James Orlando Pace compared with enterainments now. Married: April 16, 1876- Washington, Utah Children: Hector Campbell, Tabitha Cumi John, The women sewed, washed, ironed, backed and took Orlando, Annie Laurie Pace Johnson, Lena Foster, Ruth care ofthe family generally while the men cleared the land, Honliham, Josephine Foster, James Frances Pace, Dora which was thickly covered with mesquites, and planted and Bradshaw, Hyrum Martin Pace, George I. Pace, Wash­ harvested the crops. As the railroad had only reached as far ington H. Pace as Bowie it was necessary for some freighting to be done, so Relatives in Wars: Husband's grandfather, James Pace, some ofthe men occupied themselves at this trade while their Captain in War of 1812 under command of Andrew Jack­ wives and families braved the dangers and hardships that son. Was killed in battle of Orleans December 23, 1814. came from this occupation. Husbands' s father James Pace, Jr., 1st Lt of Co. M., Capt David C. Davis commanding. His oldest son accompanied My husband's Grandfather, James Pace was born in him as drummer boy. Sons James Frances Pace and Hynnn North Carolina, January 23, 1778. In March, 1812 he MartinPaceenteredWorldWar,August5, 1915. Grandson volunteered and was elected Captain in the service of the Clyde Campbell enlisted in World War April 1917. United States under command ofGeneral Andrew Jackson. He was killed in the Battle ofOrleanes, December 23, 1814. I, Nancy Orpha Boggs Pace, was born in Salt Lake city, Utah, March 18th, 1859. My father's name was My husband's father, James Pace, Jr., was born in Frances Boggs and my mothers name was Evelina Martin Rutherford County, Tennessee, June 15, 1811. On the 16th Boggs. I was married in Washington, Utah at my father's of July, 1846, he volunteered his services to the United home on April 16, 1876. My husband's name was James States army in the Mexican War. He was elected First Orlando Pace. From this union came thirteen children: Lieutenant in company M, under Captain David C. Davis. Electa Campbell, Talitha Cumi John, Nancy Evelina Allen, He was accompanied by his eldest son, William Bryan Pace, Orlando Pace, Annie Laurie Johnson, Lena Foster, Ruth who served as drummer. William Byron Pace was born Houliham, Josephine Foster, James Frances Pace, Dora February 9th, 1832. Bradshaw, Hyrum Martin Pace, George Irvin Pace, and Washington Hugh Pace. My sons, James Frances and Hyrum Martin Pace entered the U.S. Navy service in the World War on August We left Washington, Utah, November 3, 1882, and 5th, 1915. Both were volunteers. crossed over into Arizona on the same day, but did not locate definitely until we reached Thatcher, Arizona, on the 18th My grandson, Clyde Campbell enlisted in the U.S. day of December 1882. In the spring after arriving, the Army in the World War in April, 1917. He served several Indians broke out on the warpath and killed many people months overseas and had the dreadful experience of being near by the settlement. The soldiers were posted at Ft. gassed. Thomas and did their best at keeping the Indians under control but occasionally they would break out and strike I now have twelve living children.fifty three grand­ terror to the hearts of the settlers. Scarcely a day or night children, forty jive of which are living, and ten great­ passed for thejirst twelve or thirteens years that we did not g randchildren. live in fear and dread of an attack from the Indians. After the surrender of Old Geronimo and the capture ofThe Kid. life took on a more peaceful aspect.

A branch ofthe Church ofJesus Christ ofLatter Day Saints was organized here, of which I was a member. Branches of the Catholic Church existed in Safford and Solomonville. Services ofour church were held at different homes until a school house was built, then the school house served as a house of worship as well as for public entertain-

104 ROSA BARCLAY PENDLETON I was born in Texas in 1851. My father died before my BORN: November 15, 1850 binh and mother died when I was less than three years ofage. IN: Norfolk County, Virginia Two brothers, a sister and/were reared by our grandparents, FATHER: Solomon T. Barclay Sampson and Vina Cole. MOTHER: Johanna Barclay CAME TO ARIZONA: September, 1879 - Globe When/was eight years ofage, my grandfather sold out HUSBAND: Alexander G. Pendleton in Burleson County and we moved to Sansoba County on the Married: December 30, 1875- Norfolk County, Virginia frontier and the Comanche Indians were bad. Children: Alexander Garland, Rose Anna, George, Edwin Conway, Walter I was ten years old when the Civil War broke out and Relatives in Wars: Three sons in World War, Walter B. as we lived in the South, we encountered many hardships. We Pendleton- Navy, Major Alexander G. Pendleton, Edwin had to card and spin and make our own clothes and clothes C. Pendleton for the boys at war. Up to ten years ofage I had never done Mrs. Rosa Barclay Pendleton was born in Norfolk anything, but my work began then. We had plenty offood as County, Virginia, November 15,1950. Her parents were we raised everything and had cattle, sheep, and hogs and Johanna and Solomon T. Barclay. Rosa Barclay married raised our own wool and cotton. AlexanderG. Pace in Virginia on December 30, 1875. They had five children. What schooling we got was by a governess but at the outbreak of war we let her go, and my young brother and I The Pendletons were among the early settlers of the walked three miles to school, but had to carry a gun on Globe district arriving there in the year 1879. At the time of account ofthe Indians. We always had to keep on the look out herarrivaltherewerenochurchesestablished.JudgeHackney for them. My grandfather was shot from ambush with arrows allowed the people to have the first community Christmas by Indians, and his horses stolen,fortunately he recovered. tree in his printing room, to which everyone was invited, Often our cattle would come home with arrows in their sides. Mexicans as well as Americans. The year the war closed we left Texas and crossed the plains to California with ox teams, there being a big train of them. It took us from March to January to make the trip. We often came to places where the Indian fires were still smoul­ dering. One time we saw a great cloud ofdust ahead ofus and corralled the wagons and made ready to fight Indians, but they turned out to be and enormous herd ofbuffalo going to MARGARET BIRCHETT CHILLSON PLATT the Pecos River for water. BORN: February 16, 1851 IN: Burleson County, Texas When we reached California we settled at Downey, FATHER: John Birchett twelve miles east of Los Angeles. Of course, there were no MOTHER: Elizabeth Cole railroads then and the old stage coach was much in evidence. CAME TO ARIZONA: July 1, 1878 - 5 miles east of September 7, 18661 married Elmer L. Chilson in Downey and Globe, known as Old Miami lived there until our fifth child was one year ofage. Then we HUSBAND: Elmer L. Chilson left about June 1, with horse teams for Globe, Arizona. We Married: September 7, 1866- Downey, California reached Globe about July 1, 1878 and located five miles west, Children: John C., Lilly Dale, Charles EI, Jessie B., known as old Miami, where the first mill was erected. Margaret M. (Armer), N.W. (Boss), Guy W., Irene C. Relatives in Wars: Had relatives in Revolutionary War, There was not a shingle roof or lumber house in Mexican War - an uncle, George Cole and a brother-in­ existence. The houses were all made of adobe with din or law Sam Chilson; Civil War - Husband, Elmer L. grass roofs. Our first shack was made of "bear grass" by a Chilson and five uncles, George, Jack, Ben, Joe and Ike Mr. Abbott who until his death in Globe a few years ago was Cole; Word War, two grandsons, Lloyd Gibson and known as "Bear Grass Abbott". Sieber Armer (Sieber gave his life), a nephew, Edward Chilson and a cousin Ben Robbins. My husband helped to put up the first Miami Mill. My sixth child was the first born (white) child there. I had no white woman neighbors, but five white bachelors. The · morning after the baby came they sent in my breakfast, composed offish, from the Salt River, hot rolls, beefsteak,

105 rabbit, quail and such things.

Later we went up to Richmond Basin. I cooked for Gip Chilson-owners of the Silver Nugget Mine-and his fifteen men, and my husband worked in the mine. Silver was good there and my children dug out several dollars worth of nuggets from the waste dump with spoons.

We went back to Miami and organized a school and Miss Venie Kenyon was the first teacherofthefirst school of about nine children, three ofwhich were mine. Miss Kenyon lived with us and was married to Hinson Thomas in my house. I might say I attended the first fourth of July celebration in Globe and was chosen Goddess of Liberty.

My brother and husband opened the first store in old Miami and also a branch store in Mary's Ville, eighty miles north ofMiami, where we took up or residence. Afew mines were working and we took gold bullion in trade goods. Then in 1882 the Indians broke out, when old Geronimo was up to so much mischief and we went to Globe for safety. During out time there my seventh child was born.

We then traded the Mary's-ville store for the Golden Wonder Mine, three miles south of Payson, which was nothing more than a rich prospect, but which yielded us many thousands. (The mine is still very rich but has never been really worked. I am still an owner in it.) We moved to Payson and my brother and husband worked the mine and "arastered" the gold. There we had to fort up twice from Indians. My eighth child was born in Payson. In 1891 my husband died and left me a widow with six children, as two of them had died.

We lived in Payson from there on, and my present home is there. My six children married and I have had them all near me all these years, until three years ago I lost a daughter. They have been the pleasure ofmy life and I love to be with them and/eel the're are worth all the work and hard struggles ofthe early days. I am now seventy-one years old and more hale, hearty and spry than most old ladies of that age who stood the trials that I did. I spend each winter in Phoenix then return to my home in Payson for the summer.

My sons are prominent cattle men of northern Gila County. I am grandmother of sixteen and great-mother of four. I am a member of the Christian Church.

106 MARY ELIZABETH POST BORN: June 17, 1841 The teachers were the only two American women in IN: Elizabeth, New York the place. There were a number of Mexicans, many of FATHER: Unknown them, in the easy going fashion of the time and place, living MOTHER: Unknown with the gamblers, stage drivers, rivermen, saloon keepers CAME TO ARIZONA: 1871 - Yuma and soldiers of fortune that made up the town's population. HUSBAND: Unknown It is significant of the part women contribute to a new Married: Unknown society, that the mere presence of these respectable young Children: Unknown women of their own race was enough to revive the standards Relatives in the wars: Unknown that masculine laxity had discarded. AJmost immediately after their arrival there was a wholesale demand for the Miss Mary Elizabeth Post was the only one living in padre's services, and proper marriage certificates. 1923 ofa group offi ve teachers who opened the first schools in Arizona. Behind her lay a half century of service, nearly Miss Post's final destination was Ehrenberg, up the forty years of it given to the state to which she came when river from Yuma, a sun scorched collection of adobe huts it was an Indian harried territory and she a young woman of from which the long freighting teams carried supplies for thirty. Although she then over eighty years old, she was still the army into the territory. A saloon building, an old adobe at work. Since being pensioned from the public schools, with a dirt floor, was converted into a school room. The Miss Post taught classes of Mexican children who came furniture came from the East by way of the Hom to San daily to the little house where she lived alone. Many of Francisco, where it was transferred to coastwise steamers these were the grandchildren of her first pupils. and brought up the Gulf of California, and then up the Colorado. The books, which like the furniture had to come She was born in Elizabethtown, New York, June 17, around the Horn, were bought with the proceeds of a horse 1841. It was during the Civil War that she graduated from race which the town held for the benefit of the school. a select female college in Vermont, and refusing a position upon the faculty, set out for the West She went first to Iowa After a year in Ehrenberg, Miss Post went back to where she taught three or four years, and then learning from Yuma, where she continued to teach until her thirty-seven an uncle in California that teachers there were paid as much years of service in the schoolroom were recognized by the as a hundred dollars a month she set out to join him, by way passage of Arizona's first pension bill. This entitles her to of the newly completed Central Pacific. Her stay there was draw a modest pension from the state's treasury as long as even briefer than in Iowa. A few months after she arrived, she lives. word came in on the stage that ran between San Diego and Tucson, that teachers were wanted in the territory of Arizona Miss Post seems to have been of the pioneer elect, On its return trip the same stage carried her as a passenger. who are born with the instinct to follow the frontier. Other women came because their husband or families had come, This was in 1871, when the first schools were opened but she followed the urge in her own blood. It was an and when with the exception of the women of the army amazing journey that she made across the continent alone, posts, and a few vigorous souls who were taking the risks of in a day when young and unmarried women travelled little, frontier life with their husbands, there were almost no and seldom unaccompanied; and few women born and women in the territory's scanty but turbulent population. It reared in a quiet Eastern village would have chosen de­ was the period of the Apache troubles and the life of the liberately to cast their lot in a raw frontier town. Something times offered chiefly hardship, and in some cases often in her vital spirit found its response and opportunity in this considerable danger; yet the only misgiving she seemed to vigorous new West, of which despite the flavor of a New have had was as to the proprietary of her taking the forty­ England lady that still clings quaintly about her, she is so eight hour stage ride between San Diego and Yuma with no unmistakably a part. woman companion. I have heard she had the first piano in Arizona. It having Just four teachers had preceded her, and it was at the come "round the horn" as other furniture did. door of the two who had gone to Yuma that the stage driver Elsie deposited her upon her arrival. His reason fornot taking her to the hotel was ostensibly that the attention a new and The above research was prepared by Elsie Toles in 1923 in unmarried woman would attract there might prove embar­ personal interviews with Ms. Post. rassing, but actually she learned later, because he wished to save her the contact with other ladies of all too certain reputation for whom it was headquarters.

107 EFFIE SHAW PRICE husband was so near worn out walking and driving the ox BORN: 1843 teams that when we would stop a few minutes he would fall IN: Louisville, Missouri down and go to sleep beside the team, and I had to get out FATHER: Robert Shaw and keep the range stock offhim, they could smell the water MOTHER: Katherine Reed Shaw in the water barrels. It was a dreadful experience. CAME TO ARIZONA: 1880 - Mineral Creek HUSBAND: Nathan Hines Price In Sulpher Springs Valley shortly after we passed Married: 1860 - Austin, Texas through Apache Pass, we came on the ruins of a burned Children: Elizabeth Shaw Middleton, Mrs. David emigrant train. The Indians had killed all ofthe people and DeVore, Mrs. C. E. Gunn, Mrs. R. Huddle, Mrs. C. W. burned the wagons. Great piles of burned and twisted Conger, William J., Edward, Chester wagon irons remained to tell the awful story. Relative in wars: Grandfather Thomas Reed and Richard Shaw both took part in the War of 1812; ThelndianswereverybadfromthereontoMaricopa. Husband served three years and five months in Civil At Tucson there were only about six white people. Some War, Grandsons in World War - Robert De Vore, Louis where along the Gila River near Maricopa Aaron Mason, Gunn and Harvey Harris who discovered the Silver King Mine, came to our outfit and begged us to go over to Phoenix a small settlement, but we I was born in Louisville, Missouri in 1843. My were afraid ofthe Indians and chose to go on to California. parents were Robert and Katherine Shaw. My grandfathers Thomas Reed and Richard Shaw both took active part in the At Antelope Peak somewhere on the desert between War of1812. My parents lived in Missouri until I was twelve Yuma and Maricopa another baby girl was born to us. We years old. We went by wagon to Texas. We camped out all had no doctor in the train, but bit and I did very well also the way. there were three other little new born in our train during the six months. One died but the others lived. In 1860 I was married to Nathan Price at Austin, Texas. We had a little girl about a year old when my We crossed the Colorado River twenty miles below husband was called to enter the Civil War. He was gone Yuma. We were ferried across. I forgot to mention before three years and five months. I was among the many war that we traveled the old Butterfield Route, coming over the widows who had to plant cotton, raise it, gin it by hand, card, hills and right through the divide where Tombstone is spin weave and color the cloth, then cut and make suits for located today. Of course there was no Tombstone then. · men and send them to the men in the war. We had our own sheep and did the same with the wool. After leaving the Colorado River we had to make the stage stations on the Yuma desert. They were few and far In 1866 we had another little girl born to us. Then we between, this was the road the old stage and passengersfast decided in 1868 to go to California. We left in the month of freight came over. We met many of the long lines of May with an emigrant train twenty-eight wagons, and a freighters. They used prairie schooners. We arrived in large company ofpeople. We had a captain to manage the California in December. That six months travelling was the train. We also lzad with us twelve hundred head herd oflong hardest experience of my entire life. horn Texas range cattle. The stock was fat and for weeks after we started they would stampede every night. Many We stayed in California fourteen years. I loved dark nights we would have to light our lanterns and hang California but my husband had been a cowhand on the them high in the top ofour wagons so the cowboys could get plains of Texas too long, and was not satisfied. So on their direction. It was an easy matter for them to soon lose January 5, 1880 we left for Arizona. We had added four their course of direction with the cattle racing around full more children to our family, a boy and three girls. We hired speed. Often the boys would have to run with the herd to a guard and had two wagons. We crossed the same route save their own lives. They said it was most exciting, they over the desert to Yuma as we had come from Texas. It was would have to urge their horses faster and faster and many very cold crossing the desert. I was sick with a fever when times the sea oflonghorns was all around the11t Sometimes we started, but I gained in health. I would go to our water the horns would slash and clash across the neck ofthe small and take long icicles that would freeze every night and eat cow-pony in the mad race. the ice. It was so soothing to my feverish condition.

We lost numbers of our cattle at or near the Pecos River from poison ponds of alkali water, and we had to When we arrived at Maricopa we came to the end of travel night and day to make the watering place. My

108 CYNTIDA ANN ELDRIDGE ROGERS the western division of the railroad, the roadbed was BORN: March 6, 1847 graded on the Casa Grande. We went to Phoenix and IN: Potawatamie, Iowa camped out oftown at five points. We soon heard ofGlobe FATHER: John Eldridge being a thriving mining camp and good cattle country and MOTHER: Cynthia Ann Howeltt Eldridge we went on to Globe by the way of Fon McDowell which CAME TO ARIZONA: March, 1877 - Salt River was occupied by soldiers. We crossed the mountains at HUSBAND: Ross R. Rogers Reno Pass. This was in March, and a wagon had not been Married: January 24, 1863 on the road since the October before. The road was so Children: Anna. Mary, John, Parley, Amelia, Jenobia, steep and filled with big boulders that going down the Edward, Preston, Collins, Reuben, Veda, George, Anna. mountains we cut and tied trees, tops first to the back end Elsie, Ruth ofthe wagons to keep them from running over the horses. Relatives in Wars: Grandfather Howell, War of 1812- 1814, under Perry in Battle on Lake Erie when the We ran the first milk dairy in Globe. These cattle enemy sunk the flagship St Lawrence. belonging to John Kennedy.father-in-law ofAlonzo Baily. We then took these cattle and moved themto Mineral Creek to the old Government Springs eighteen miles over the Toe following was written by Mrs. Rogers in 1923. Pinal Mountain Range, and about five miles east of the town ofRay. But before we went over there or ran tile dairy I Cynthia Ann Eldridge Rogers was born March 6, my husband ran afastfreight to Casa Grande by way ofEl 1847 in Potowatamie County, Iowa. My father, John Capitan. There were only four or jive white women in Eldridge was a son ofa southern planter ofNonh Carolina, Globe. A few others were out in camps near by. and my 11Wther, Cynthia Ann Howlett, was a native of Indiana. Her father was in the War of1812. He won in the We stayed three years at Mineral Creek. Our Battle on Lake Erie under Commodore Perry when the nearest neighbors were over at Ray. We had to run into enemy sunk the flagship St. Lawrence and Perry sent in his Globe three different times from hostile Indians. Bill report 'We have met the enemy and they are ours.' Beard brought us the news. He usually came very much excited often calling to us as soon as he came into sight, his We crossed the plains in 1852, bringing with us four horse running at top speed. He would scare us by saying oxen and two cows, one of the oxen died on the way. the Indians are coming this way. As a matter offact no-one Sometimes mother had wood to cook with and sometimes knew which direction the Indians were going until they we were compelled to use buffalo chips. One day Ihe nlen were gone and they usually left in the night. inourpartywentout and killed a buffalo and dragged it into camp wilh rhree yoke of oxen. This was the first buffalo I My son-in-law, David De Vore, would go out some­ had ever seen and the next one I saw one in Golden Gate times in tile dark and find the lwrses and we would stan out Park, California sixty-four years later. for Globe. I rode an old mare ofSpanish stock. We never knew whether she would throw us over her head or not, but We finally located at Fill11Wre, Utah. The Indians she seemed to understand at these times, that the children were very hostile at that tilne. One man was killed while on and I were left to her care, for she always acted fine. I guard at night; another was stabbed in dayliglu for nor carried one child in my lap and one rode behind me. Twice giving the Indians all they wanted in the lwuse. we had to go in the night, and once a thunderstorm broke just after we left home and it was too dark for the ,nen to My 11Wther died April 18, 1854 leaving a baby nvo see the steep, slippery trail. We had to wait until the stonn weeks old, myself seven years and two smaller children. was over. Once when we came in on one of these scares, Myfarherwanted a woman by the name ofHoyr to care for the Middleton family was attached out at Pleasant Valley. baby and myself She said she would care for us iffarher would give her the children (she had none of her own). After leaving Mineral Creek we sold our cattle and Father told her he would rather leave us in the hills and bought a ranch at Wheatfields where we lived for eight have tile wolves ear us up, but he could not rob a dead years. The Indians often caused us to run into Globe from woman. them We left our lw,nes in Utah December, 1876 and In all we had nine children. came to Arizona where we located on the banks of Salt River, March 6, 1877. Wilen the water was taken out each family took up a farm in the town of Lehi. We cleared and planted corn. The crows took it as fast as we planted it; also

109 • they took the second planting. With the third planting, I father was hauling wood with at the time. The Papago soaked the kernels until I could push a needle through them Indians followed the Apaches, and brought back all the and put a hair from a horse's tail in each one before horses having to kill one Apache Indian before they re­ planting. They swallowed the corn, but how to get rid ofthe covered them. The Papago's brought the horses back to long hair they did not know. They tried and tried and made Tucson, and my father had to sell one horse in order to get a dreadful fuss, but all in vain. They never came back after the money and pay the Indians so much per head before they that. My girl gathered /400 lbs. ofMesquite beans that we would let him have them. used for horse feed. When we finally got our first com and hay crop, the Indians turned their stock into it at night. In March we left for Tempe, staying there until the Complaints had gone in to the government but nothing had summer of 1876. My father and brother helped build the been done. One night my son took an ox into the field and flour mill. There were no churches or schools there at that chained him and then lay in wait to the Indians. Finally he time, and very few white people. heard the chain rattle, so he chased the Indians and finally got both chain and Indian, held him by the hair and clubbed In August 1876 we moved to Wheatfield. The men him, then cut off his hair, which was considered a great worked some in the mines and some farming. My father disgrace among the Indians. The Maricopa and Pima sold out at Wheatfield, and moved to the Sierra Anchas Indians always dreaded the Apache, so they were glad to be where he had a cattle ranch. Our first experience in battle near the white people. After years of trouble from the with the Apache Indians was in the fall of1881 . The Indians Indians the Captain from Fort McDowell came and got came to the lwuse about three o'clock one afternoon. Two dates and evidence and told us if they did not revoke his young men Henry Moody and George Turner had arrived order he would make goodlndiansofeveryoneofthem, or at the ranch that same morning to warn my father of the they will pay for their stock and they did. outbreak of the Indians. About six came to the door and asked for bread. My mother gave them bread and Just We lived ten years in Lehi then moved to Oak Creek, turned to go into the house when the Indians began to shoot. a tributary to the Verde. Fifteen months later we moved to At the first fire these two men who had gone to the ranch to Pima, where my husband died in 1897. I am mother of 16 wam the family were killed. My brother Henry was shot children, JO ofwlwm are living and I am just 75 years old through the shoulder. The Indians kept shooting until 1 at the time this sketch is written. a.m. when the ,noon went down they turned all the horses out ofthe corral and shot one horse that was tied to the gate, thinking that they had killed him. After the Indians had gone, my father put my brother on this wounded horse and with my mother and four children walking they stanedfor Globe. 17tey were compelled to leave the men where they had fallen. My brother Frank, who lived in a little mining ELLA MIDDLETON SHUTE camp about fifteen miles from Payson, heard in some way BORN: April 12, 1858 the Indians had attacked the house. He, with a bunch of IN: Yrel.ca, California men, left for the ranch. T7zey buried these two men, and FATHER: William Middleton came into Globe. MOTHER: Miriam Middleton CAME TO ARIZONA: January, 1874 - Tucson My father and brothers went back to the ranch after HUSBAND: George E. Shute the first fight with the Indians and stayed two years before Married: December 14, 1874 - Tempe, Arizona being bothered again. About sixty men left Globe to warn Children: George, Frank, Harry, Eugene, Mrs. J. A. my father and brother (my ,rwther and smaller children Pinyan, Mrs. J. W. Ruyle, Mrs. Theo. Eder having stayed in Globe after the first battle). The Indians Relatives in Wars: Brother Clifford Middleton, Spanish­ surrounded the house the same as the first attack. They American War stayed and fired on the house for two or three Jwurs until they could get all the horses away from the corral. They My father' sfamily left Santa Clare Valley sixty miles drove all the horses away and left all these men to walk north ofLos Angeles September 2, 1873 arriving in Tucson back to Globe. No one was killed in this battle. After this in January, a small Mexican town at that time. We stayed my father sold out and ,rwved back to Globe where he lived in Tucson two months. While there the Apache Indians stole until his death. eight head of horses, leaving us only four head. These my In the fall of 1888 my brother Eugene Middleton was driving the stage from Globe to Florence. In

110 November he was taking ten prisoners to Florence with the Sheriff Glen ReyMlds and Deputy Flores. These prisoners ofthe valley. As/or Indian troubles, we went through them were nine Indians and one Mexican. They stayed at all. I was living on a cow ranch 9 miles from Wilcox, when Riverside the first night, and next morning being cold the Indians left the San Carlos reservation on the warpath these prisoners all except "Indian Kid" were walking with in 1881. We watched them drive offour saddle horses from the sheriff and deputy guarding them. Four Indians were the roof ofour adobe ranch house, expecting them to make handcuffed together. The sheriff walking with a line of an attack on the ranch at any minute. My husband and our four and the deputy with the others. In some way at the cowboys were all well armed and we would have given them same time these Indians circled around the Sheriff and the best we had in us if they had given us a call, but they Deputy taking their guns and killing them. My brother seemed sadisfied (sic) with driving off our Jwrses, and we heard the shots raised up and looked over the top of the were glad to see them take their leave. I was a bride ofonly coach. As he did so one Indian shot him in the jaw. He a few months when I had this experience and in 1883 I saw fell from the coach and the horses ran away, turning the this same band of Indians, Geronimo's band, that were coach over. When my brother regained consciousness, an being brought out of the Sera (sic) Madres Mountains and Indian was turning him over taking his coat. He realized were being taken back to the San Carlos Reservation. where he had to play dead, while they were robbing him. After a they could be fed up and taken good care of by our own short time he heard them yell and he knew they were government. They camped at our Ranch Croten Springs one going over the hill. Eugene, wounded as he was, walked day and night where they gave a Piece (sic) - Peace- Dance four miles back to Riverside to give the azl !arm. The and the merchants of the Town of Wilcox broughJ wagon Indians escaped but later were killed one at a time. loads of calicos to sell, brown muslin or manta as the Mexicans call it, redflanell (sic) and in/act everything that would be to an Indians likening. They all seemed to have money but no clothes. We all enjoyed this visit with us much more than the one they made on us in their war paint -for there was 3 companys of soldiers to gard (sic) them back to their home on the reservation. Now this is only a tame Indian story and I suppose that some folks would say she is good at having Indian pipe dreams, but this is true and I LIZZIE KIRKLAND STEELE could tell some thrilling ones and all be true, but few would BORN: February 28, 1861 believe them. I am apoorwirtier(sic) but a very good single IN: Tucson handed talker. MOTHER: Missouri Ann Kirkland FATHER: William H. Kirkland Very respectfully yours, HUSBAND: Thomas Steele Married: February 8, 1881, Tucson Mrs. Lizzie K. Steele Children: Edward, Fred, Earl, Albert, Myrtle, Harry Relatives in War: son Albert Steele - WWI, uncle Civil War George W. Kirkland

I have had some experiences of pioneer days but have had so many that I don't kMw just what ones I have gone through that would make the best history. I have lived all my life in Arizona. Have raised six children all borned (sic) in Arizona and educated in the schools ofArizona. My Fathers family was the first white family to locate in the Gila Valley where the town of Safford is built, attended the first public school ever taught here of which my father was one of the trustees. I also attended the public school taughJ in Phoenix and to make a long story short I an ended nearly every first school taughJ in this state excepting the one in Prescon. We lived in Prescott but it was when I was a small girl. Kirkland Valley was named for my Father, he being the the discoverer

111 HENRIETfA HUBBARD TALBOT In 1903 Governor Alexander C. Brody appointed Mrs. BORN: July 21, 1839 Talbot Honorary Member of the Board of Managers for IN: Troy, Ohio Arizona at the Louisana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis. FATHER: Alonzo Hubbard MOTHER: Elvira Poole Hubbard A friend of hers in speaking of her said that Mrs. Talbot CAME TO ARIZONA: December 3, 1888 - Phoenix bad reared two charming daughters in her western home and HUSBAND: Walter Talbot always preserved the highest ideals of clean and wholesome Married: January 23, 1872 - Grand Hann, Michigan living. That, no matter what the surroundings, for her home Children: Edith Talbot Barnes, Miriam Talbot Martin there radiated an atmosphere that could not help but be Relatives in Wars: beneficial to any community.

Mrs. Henrietta Talbot was born in Troy, Ohio, on the 21st day of July 1839, the daughter of Alonzo and Elivra Poole Hubbard and great granddaughter of J eptha Poole who was a corporal in the company of Captain Albia! Pierce of Massachusetts in the Revolutionary War.

On January 23rd, 1872 she became the wife of Walter Talbot, the marriage taking place at Grand Harm, Michigan. Two daughters were born to them, Edith Talbot Barnes, wife CAROLINA TEEPLES of the Hon. Wm. C. Barnes of Washington, D.C. and Miriam BORN: November 5, 1852 Talbot Martin, wife of Dr. Ancil Martin, of Phoenix, Arizona. IN:Cambridge,England FATHER: John Schofield Mr. and Mrs .. Talbot came to Phoenix on December 3, MOTHER: Margaret Aichley 1888 and resided here until death, Mrs. Talbot having been CAME TO ARIZONA: 1878, Shalon, Apache County left a widow several years prior to her death in December 1922. , HUSBAND: William R. Teeples Married: 1869 Children: Phineas H., John A., Charles N., Sidney L., Until advancing years made active participation im­ James, Carolina, Ella possible Mrs. Walter Talbot was one of the most energetic Relatives in Wars: Grandson in World War, William A. women in the community in working for the advancement of Teeples was interpreter for Indians Black Hawk War. Phoenix. She possessed those qualities which made her an acknowledged leader of that element which stood for culture I was born in Cambridge, England, November 5, I 852. and refinement even in the early days when there was little My father 's name was John Schofield; my mother's Margaret time or inclination for the expression of those attributes. She Richley. My father died when I was three months old and worked at all times for its bettemient and helped it grow from mother married a Mr. Thomas Joseph Jordan and crossed the a rough little frontier town to an attractive western city. ocean in I 855. It was by personal effort on her part that money was We landed in New York and traveled from place to raised to complete the 1st Presbyterian Church. She took an place till we reached St. Louis, seeking employment. We active part in establishing the Phoenix Public Library and stayed at St. Louis about a year then moved to Council Bluffs · ~eaded a committee of investigation which resulted in a great where mother died September 17, 1859 leaving a baby nine llllprovement in conditions at the County Poor House. months old. Mr. Jordan scattered the children anwng strang­ ers; three of us crossed the plains in the next seven years; my From 1907 to 1916 Mrs. Talbot was treasurer of the oldest brother did not cross until fifteen years later. We did not Board of Trustees of the Phoenix Woman's Club, and sec­ know anything ofeach other till we two girls were married and retary of same from 1916 to the time of her death. She was had families, then it was throughfriendswefound one another. a charter member and first regent of Maricopa chapter We were two hundred miles apart. I crossed the plains with Daughters of the American Revolution, was a faithful at­ James Howarth and family in the company of Captain David tendant at meeting of the chapter and was Honorary Treasurer Savage whose family lived in Fillmore. Mr. Howarth and at death. She had also held the office of State Reoent of the others went with him as we were afraid the Indians at that time Arizona D.A.R. <> were very hostile. I was there through the grasshopper and

112 cricket years. I well remember the first sugar cane and fruit Cluff s house for a dance, as we had the only music that was that were raised. I led a life of hardships till I was married in the place. Mr. Teeples did not like this part ofArizona, so to William R. Teeples, at the age of seventeen. We lived in we moved to the Gila Valley, and the rest ofthe party stayed Holden, Utah ten miles north of Fillmore. There five at Shalon. children were born: Phineas H. , JohnA., Charles W, Sidney L., and James. We then moved to Shalon, Arizona. While We left Shalon about the first of March and Mr. living in Shalon, for a Jew months, we suffered for want of Teeples and company were set apart to come over to Gila to food and lived on corn bread straight. We then moved to make their homes, and they were pleased with the country. Pima where my daughters Caroline and Ella were born. For 17zere were six married men and their families. When the men the first fi ve or six years the Indians were very bad. went to Fort Apache to get something to eat, the officers took the names and ages and where we came from of everyone in We started from Holden, Utah, Millard County, the our company, and then we started on again for the Gila last ofOctober. There was a young couple with one child not Valley. There were parts of the road that were so rough the a year old, that went with us. There names were Thompson. men had to blast away the rocks before we could continue on Mr. Teeples has two wagons loaded with grain and flour, his our journey. One hill was so steep it took all the animals blacksmith tools and some carpenter tools and other things hitched to one wagon at a time to pull it to the top; when they for the family. One wagon was drawn by three yoke ofoxen went down on the other side, the menchain,/ed allfourwheels and the other had three span ofhorses and mules, and a back to a log to drag behind the wagon, andjust one span ofhorses trailer loaded with necessary things for the trip. 17le men to guide it. 17le horses had to be led by the men because they drove the two big teams and Mrs .. Thompson and myself were so frightened. We got over this dangerous part of the drove the two smaller wagons which carried the camp stove, road without any accident. When we reached the Gila River cooking utensils and grub box. After traveling ten miles, we we saw the first bunch of Indians. One of the Indians ate up picked up three more families. We had to travel very slow on nearly all the fish that we hadforourdinner, the men having account of the stock we were driving with us; their feet got caught them in the Gila that day. very sore traveling over the rough roads, and at times they would suffer for want of water. We had to carry enough We arrived at Pima the 8th day of April, 1879. The water with us in case of shortage for the stock that needed grass was nearly waist high in places and we were compelled it the most. We did not lose any ofour stock on this trip, but to bum the grass around the camp to protect it from fires. All they had to make pads for the yearling's feet. When we the water we used was hauled from the river nearly halfa mile camped at night and supper was over and all the stock away. attended to, then the young people would gather around the camp fire and sing and dance to the tune of an accordion played by Mr. Thompson. We were all happy at night. When From the 8th ofApril until the 24th ofJuly, there were Mrs. 17lompson and I, while driving our team, would corne ten families ofus, and were having a nice time one day when to a steep hill we were compelled to grab the rope that held there was a Mr. Jack O'Neil came to the house and called the the brake and wind it around our feet so as to hold it on, while leading men out, Mr. William Teeple and Joseph Rogers, and we guided the team, for we each had a small child in our told them that Mr. Collins at Fort 17zomas sent a troop of anns; mine was nine months old and Mrs. Thompson· s not soldiers up here to clean us all out and he had come ahead of quite a year. When we camped at night we would unhitch our them to see into things as he was a friend to our people. He own team and take care ofthem , as everyone in the party had had the soldiers stationed down the wash back of the little their own share ofwork to do. In the mo ming, the boys would camp, and O'Neil saw the nice time we were having and had start ahead with the stock while we hitched our own teams to talked to the ,nen a few minutes. He went and sent the troops the wagon, and later followed them. We travelled on in this back to Fort 17zomas. 17zen Collins sent the troops back a way and overtook other parties until there was a large second time, and O'Neil came with them and took them back, company of us. and at night on the 24th, we were having a dance in our house and there were four couples from Safford came all armed, We kept moving until Christmas Eve, when we landed men and women. 17zey thought they would run a bluff but it in Fool Hollow and that night it snowed several inches and didn 't work. They were told to sit down and they could dance turned very cold; we had to get up and make fires. For music when their tum came. The only music we had was an we rattled our pans and bells and sang withminh, as we were accordion, played by Mr. William 17zompson, and after they nearly all young people and played snow-balls. About ten had stayed and had a nice time they went off a shooting and a.m. we all hitched up and stanedfor Shalon, and got there yelling. They tried to get the company into trouble afle r that. just at sundown. There were three families by the na,ne of Cluffs, and two or three other families. It being a good place "11zere was a piece of land the company had rented to camp we stayed. That night we all went to Uncle Mose

113 high as there had been a large flood and could not be and was to pay $150. 00 for rent. The old woman that owned forded, but a young man slipped out and got on a horse and the land had rented it to our people and had the men arrested went down the river where he thought he could make his to keep further trouble down. Our men paid the rent and horse swim. He took his own clothes off so as not to get gave them all that had been raised on the farm that summer, caught in the driftwood, and he went in with his horse and a stack of wheat and com and vegetables. There was stock his clothes tied on it. He got in the stream and his horse and horses stolen by the rustlers ofthe valley and the officer went down but he swam to the other side ofthe river. He in Safford had to go after a man to stealing and he tried to landed near Mr. Morse's/arm near Fort Thomas. He saw get away but they followed and caught him on the north side a Mexican and called to him but the Mexican was afraid of the river. They were taking him back to Safford when and ran. Then there was another went to him and took the there was a posse ofmasked men took the prisoner from the man so,ne clothing, then the man borrowed a horse and j sheriff and hanged him to a walnut tree and then rode off, gave the alarm. Our people made a raft and moved all the and they came to our men to come and bury the man. families around to different houses to be taken care of I had three families near me, twenty five in all and looked Then another time the rustlers got going from Fort after them, and I had two children down with the chills and i Thomas to Safford and beat one ofthe men over the head and fever. Now this is the way things went on/or years till after left him/or dead; then they came/or our men to take care of Geronimo and his Indians were shot off. There are many him. The colony had a large herd of stock and they all went other things that could be mentioned. blind from the alkali dust. At one time, the Indians broke out i and our company had to stand guard/or several nights and the scouts came through our camp; I had bread and meat in their sight and they rode right up and took it; that was our I first year and our people had a hard time. Food was high and no way much to get things. Some ofthe men went out to Wilcox to freight and some ofthem got robbed ofwhat little I they had earned. This was the way our people had to get along till Globe got started up. Them some of our men started to haul coal from Wilcox to Globe. Two years after we came here there was a small smelter at Globe, a few mine rs and a few families. My husband died four years after we came here, left me with five children to raise, the oldest fourteen , a boy. My baby died the August after we came here.

The third year after this colony came here there was I a Mr. Ferenthatwas shot with hisowngunbyanindian, and left a large family and about three years later there was a Mr. Frank Thurston killed by Indians and he also left a large family.

Feren was freighting and was camped on the reser­ vation with others and Thurston was out in the Ben Spring Flat hauling wood to bum the lime kill; he was shot off his wagon, and one horse taken by the Indians; then one month after that there was a boy freighting and/or some cause he got behind the other freighters and the Indians come upon him and threw rocks at him and chased him up on the hill till they killed him.

There was a colony, eight or nine families, that came from the Little Colorado, two years after we did in the early summer and settled on the north side of the river and put in a crop ofcorn. T7zey all came down with the chills and fever, and while they were down the Indians came in on them and took what they wanted that they could see. The river was

114 LULU YORKE TERRELL BORN: September 20, 1865 My father was shot through the knee so badly he could not IN: Indiana ride. He advised the others to leave him and get out the best FATHER: George R. Yorke way they could, as otherwise they would all have been MOTHER: Sarah Butler Yorke sacrificed. When a large party went back the next day he was CAME TO ARIZONA: 1878 - Yorke's Ranch, Gila found dead and terribly mutilated. River, was Apache County, now Graham County HUSBAND: Joel Alfred Terrell My nwther was then left with five children, the young­ Married: June 4th, 1889 - Yorke's Ranch est just a babe in arms. We remained at the ranch as there Children: Beulah R. Burtch, Viola F. Hastings, Mary seemed nothing else to do. We were still having "Indian Twitchell, Maud Hixon, Alfred Yorke Terrell, Hearrold Frights" as they called them. Joel Terrell Relatives in wars: Grandfather Wm. R. Butler, Major On April 22, 1882 Loco 's band offive hundred Indians under Nathan Boone, Black Hawk; father 4 years in Civil passed our ranch on the war path killing all before them. War, Sergeant Lieutenant and Recruiting Officer; sons, Fortunately we had received word that they were headed our Alfred Yorke Terrell 3 years World War 158 Inft; Sergeant way so we were prepared to meet them with ammunition, men Hearrold Joel Terrell, 2 years World War, 158 Inft., and guns. Our adobe house was quickly converted into a fort Sergeant and Lieutenant with sand bags placed in front of the doors and half way up the windows. They fired a few shots at us but finding that we In 1878 myfatherand nwtherwith their family ofthree were prepared they stopped just long enough to kill a man children, of which I was the eldest (!was just twelve) went to before oureyesandtodrive all the cattle out ofthe corral, and Arizona and settled twelve miles from Duncan, in what was shoot them. It was a miracle that we escaped. then called Apache County. They had many fights with the Indians and struggled continually against a band of cattle Just before the Indians arrived my nwther placed a and horse thieves, commonly called "rustlers." On several loaded revolver upon the mantle and made my uncle, who occasions the situation became so acute that all the families happened to be with us at the time, promise to shoot us rather from the surrounding community went to some central ranch, than the Indians to take us. taking all they could pack in wagons and made a fort ofthis ranch. The men ofthe party formed themselves into a guard The news was carried to Silver City, New Mexico that and took turns watching both day and night. When they all our family had been killed with the exception of myself. thought that things had quieted down again and that it was and that I had been taken captive. The Masons ofSil ver City safe they would all return to their ranches. formed a posse to follow the trail until I was either found or found dead. When they reached our ranch and found that we In 1880 my father was elected to the eleventh territo­ were all alive they would not leave us there, but escorted us rial legislature. The capitol was then at Prescott, and in to Clifton where we stayed for several nwnths. order to reach there in time to attend, he had to leave his family just after Christmas. He traveled by wagon and stage As I ride over the excellent automobile roads between and underwent many difficulties. At the session our section Duncan and Clifton in 1922 my thoughts go back to the days Apache County was made into Graham County. He re tu med when we feared the Indians would shoot at us from behind to his family in March, 188 I bringing oranges from Phoenix, every rock or bush by the road side. which we considered very wonderful. I have conducted Sunday School when possible to get The Indians were again causing considerable anxiety people together at home or in small towns. I have also been to the settlers. Between them and the "rustlers, " life was active in getting wo,nan 's clubs started. rather discouraging. In October, 1882 all our lwrses were stolen except the few that were in the corrals. On account of this outrage my father organized a party ofmen to follow the thieves, and regain his property ifpossible . He thought that the "rustlers " were guilty, because they had their headquar­ ters a few miles below us. T11ey had also made vague threats against him. After following the trail for several days, his party was ambushed in the Steans Peak Range by Apaches.

115 EMMA BOSTON TEVIS BORN: January 2, 1845 the change and the wildness ofit all. Our father was working his mining properties and kept a general store in Bowie IN: Greenup, Ill. or St. Louis, Mo. Station. Butter, eggs.fresh ,neat and milk were not obtain­ FA TIIER: John Boston able, even ranchers were using canned milk and butter. MOTHER: Mary Boston CAME TO ARIZONA: January 5, 1882 - noon, Teviston When the survey for the Southern Pacific railroad was Post Office (Southern Pacific, Bowie Station) made our father gave a right ofway through his land, he had HUSBAND: James Henry Tevis previously filed upon as homestead. Within several years Married: December 24th, St. Louis, Mo. trees and flowerbeds were about the new home, but the water Children: Josephine Tevis Jasper, Belle Waller, Thumm, supply gave out. The well put down by Mr. Tevis had been Mamie Maverick Walker, Minnie Ella Davenport, Lyle drained by the newer well bored by the Southern Pacific Co., Albert Tevis, Grant Oury Tevis, Louis Daily Tevis, Lettie so $1.00 per barrel was paid for water, hauled from the hills Tevis Edwards over nine miles away. Relatives in wars: Husband, Capt James H. Tevis under Lee in Civil War; Mother's father, Samuel Wheeler in In the spring of1884 a school building was erected by Revolutionary War; Son, Louis in World War, Two the building crew of the S. P. Co., stationed there building grandsons Homer H. Davenport and Allan B. Walker in another hotel building in place ofthe first one which burned World War; Third grandson Edward Tevis Edwards, ready down. The site was given by our father and a subscription to sail when Armistice was signed. taken from residents of Bowie Station for materials. A great happiness to our mother of six. Miss May Ellsworth of Mrs. Emma Boston Tevis was the daughter of Mr. and Tombstone was the first paid teacher. Judge Peel, then the Mrs. John Boston. She was married December 24, 1866 to Cochise County Supt. of Schools has ever been remembered Captain James Henry Tevis, and eight children came as the for his interest in this great event for by this time the eldest result of this union. Mrs. Tevis was a member of a patriotic was 15 and had been out of school over two years. American family, relatives of hers haven taken part in the Revolutionary, Civil and World Wars. In speaking of her In 1886, when Geronimo was raiding through that mother Josephine Tevis Jasper says: part ofArizona our family was compelled to leave ho,ne and spend the nights in a large room over our father's store, all My mother began her Arizona pioneering in 1882, of the women and children of the station being with us, and arriving at Bowie Station from Austin, Texas on January 5th all ofthe men keeping guard outside. My mother had a baby at noon, having taken the first regular passenger with in arms and was not very strong. Each morning the different Pullman cars that left El Paso, Texas over the Southern families thankfully trudged back to their homes till night Pacific railroad bound for Los Angeles. Trains had been again. It was like beginning anew life when Indian tr~ub~e running through over the new road but were of the combi­ ceased but we never felt safe fora long time after Geronuno s nation type. There had just been a great celebration over the capture. My mother got us ready to go see old Geronimo and completion of the road and first hotel building at Bowie his tribe as they passed Bowie Station on their way east. I Station, and many people from Tucson and the railroad remember signs of weeping on my mother's face as we all _ officials there attended. The one great impression to the came trooping in, sorry that any ofthe warriors were let live. writer upon stepping from the train was the great stretch of My mother loved Arizona and often expressed a wish to live country reaching out to mountains on all sides and dotted in it as a state ofthe Union , but the burden ofpioneer life and with mounds of tin cans shining with blinding brightness an aggravated cough caused a general breaking ofher noble under the hot rays ofone ofArizona· s most beautiful, sunny, life and in 1905 she bade the ones she had reared and loved January days. and the sunny skies a good-bye and was laid beside my father in the little town that bore his name forty years ago. Quartered in two little rooms, while a home was being pre pared, the Jami ly was introduced to the Chinese cook and Her life, we know, was not unlike the other pioneer fed upon all the queer mixtures of John's cooking, mostly women of Arizona for she ,net every obstacle with true frijoles (rubber style) and rice. After moving into the home courage, made every sacrifice demanded of her, all for he; which had been the headquarters ofthe Cochise Mining and husband and her children, 'who rise up to call her blessed. . Milling Co., homemaking began without even a stove. The furniture was later in transit. Using a lamp stove with oven When Mrs. Tevis came to Arizona one of her daugh­ we enjoyed smoked biscuits, tasting of coal oil. ters describes her as having had beautiful dark brown hair. but after some of the dreadful Indian scares her hair turned white. Our mother was of a disposition that knew how to make the best ofevery circumstance. so the children enjoyed

116 HALLlli ORME THOMAS Thomas' home became an oasis of flowers, grown from seeds and bulbs brought from her old home in the east These she BORN: gave freely for wedding parties, carried to the sick and houses IN: FATHER: Charles H. Orme of mourning in a day when flowers were priceless in an arid MOTHER: Deborah Pleasant Orme land. For years she decorated the pulpit of the early houses CAME TO ARIZONA: March 12, 1883 - Maricopa of worship. The social life of the time was confined almost HUSBAND: William E. Thomas entirely to the hospitality of the generous-hearted pioneers Married: May 5, 1880 - Baltimore, Maryland who were ever ready to share their meagre goods with others Children: Ralph Orme Thomas and to help the new comer in every way. Relatives in the war: Great Grandfather General Crabb - Revolutionary War; Brothers Linley Orme and Henry Mrs. Thomas was one of the pioneers in church Orme and two uncles were in the Civil War Secret buildings in Phoenix and was an indefatigable worker in the Service. Presbyterian denomination, whose first edifice was a brush shack in the southern part of the city. She was the first woman Mrs. Hallie Orme Thomas, for whom our D.A.R. in Phoenix to start a church society and was a charter member chapter was named was the daughter of Charles H. Orme and of the Maricopa chapter of the D.A.R. tracing her descent Deborah Pleasant Orme. She was brought up in the Quaker from her great grandfather, General Crabb, who served in the or Friends Society and was married by that ceremony to Revolutionary War. Her two brothers, Linley Orme and Willam E. Thomas in Baltimore, Maryland May 5th, 1880. Henry Orme and two uncles were in the Secret Service in the Civil War. On March 12, 1883 Mr. and Mrs. Thomas arrived in Arizona with their infant son, Ralph Orme Thomas. Their arrival in Arizona was exciting, if not alarming. Upon arriving at Maricopa, the nearest railroad point connecting with Phoenix, a stage met the party and the trip was uneventful SARAH JANE BURNETT TIDWELL until they reached the Gila River, known for its wild tem­ BORN: 1847 pestuous condition during flood times in the spring of the IN: Bowling Green, Kentucky year. A ferry, run by cables, met the stages and carried over FATHER: Mr. Burnett the settlers coming into this new country. All hands· were MOTHER: Mrs. Burnett loaded onto the flat ferry boat and launched, when the terrific CAME TO. ARIZONA: 1877 - McMillanville current broke loose the moorings and the boat was carried HUSBAND: Silas Tidwell down stream. TheGila River, filled with loose trees and Married: 1866 - Nemoka, Nebraska debris washed down by storms always endangered the lives Children: Dollie Tidwell Highdon, Nellie Tidwell of those making the trip. Haverly Relatives in the war: Silas Tidwell and his three The boatman wanted to take Mrs. Thomas and the brothers, John, Jim, and Louis, Civil War infant and jump into the raging torrent and try to swim ashore, but a more level headed old Mississippi boatman was Sarah Jane Tidwell was born in Bowling Green, aboard and with a long hard struggle managed to land tbe Kentucky, 1847. Her parents were Mrs. and Mrs. Burnett. human cargo on the other side, though far below the landing She married Silas Tidwell in Nemoka, Nebraska in 1866. place. The trip was resumed to Phoenix, at that time just a She was the mother of two children, Dolly Tidwell Highdon small village of dirt and brush houses with no wood floors and Nellie Tidwell Haverly. and a blanket hung up in the doorway. This was the first glimpse of pioneer life in Arizona for Mrs. Thomas, a They arrived in Arizona in 1877, coming from New delicately bred girl from the extreme east and the comforts Mexico by horse drawn wagons. TheyreachedMcMillanville oflife in Maryland. There was very little shade, no ice to cool the same year. Mr. Tidwell bought materials for the first mill the water or preserve food in the horrid heat, hardships and at McMillan ville and ran through the first ore. He had cattle privations on all sides and in every attempt to better living at Gleeson's Flat. Edd Gleeson was his partner, and when conditions, obstacles were to be overcome and discourage­ Geronimo's band went on the warpath in 1880 they killed ment met courageously. Edd Gleeson and his Mexican helper at the cow ranch. The place has always been known as Gleeson Flat. Silas Tidwell Mr. and Mrs. Thomas settled on 160 acres of land had charge of the Golden Eagle Mill at Miami in later years. cleared by her brothers between Central A venue and 7th He was also one of the original owners of the Inspiration Street along Thomas as we know this location today. Mrs. Mine.

117 Hanlon, the only other white woman, was wife of Hall MARIETTA L. TUTTLE Hanlon, the merchant there. She alternated between San BORN: September 30, 1884 Francisco and Yuma, wintering in the latter place only. I IN: Hartwich, New York remained in Yuma about a year and returned to Oakland, FATHER: William Rogers California. Capt. Andrews, U.S.A. Superintendent of MOTHER: Mary Ann Rogers Colorado Indian Reservation gave me transponation in CAME TO ARIZONA: October 15, 1869 - Yuma Government ambulance overland to San Diego. From HUSBAND: Edward G. Tuttle there I went by steamer to San Francisco and Oakland. Married: August 30, 1869 Oakland, California Children: Katharine, Lucy, Mary, Edward, Arthur, Harvey, Freddie, Frances My next experience in Arizona began in February Relatives in wars: Relatives in Revolutionary War; 1877. We then decided to go to Safford, then in Pima Uncle Jesse Robinson, Lieut. in Civil War; Husband County, now in Graham County, that county having been Lieut. Civil War, 1861-1865. Son Arthur served in formed in 1881 . In February 1877 my family consisted of Roosevelt's Rough Riders during Spanish American War. husband, myself and three children, all girls. We took passage on a steamer at San Francisco for San Diego, I was born September 30, 1844 in Hartwich, Otsego arriving there purchased a/our-mule team. having brought County.New York. My parents were WilliamandMaryAnne a wagon from San Francisco, and made the journey from Rogers. I was married to Edward G. Tuttle, August 30th, San Diego by land, camping all the way, going by Yuma, 1869 at Oakland, California. On September 1st, 1869, at andfollowing the Gila Valley to Florence. Thence up the San Francisco, California, with my husband, I took passage Santa Cruz to Tucson and across the San Pedro at Tres on the brig Josephine for Port Isabel at mouth of Colorado Alamos, now called Benson. Over into the Gila Valley and River enroute for Yuma, Arizona via Steamer Colorado of Safford, arriving there March 22, 1877. the river line from Pon Isabel to Yuma. Yuma had but one other white woman, Mrs. Hall Hanlon, except myself. General George Crook had been making war on the Mexicans and Indians constituted the inhabitants except the Apaches for several years and the Government had es­ employees of the Colorado Steam Navigation Co. and a few tablished an Indian Reservation at San Carlos, and John B. business houses. Fon Yuma, on the opposite side of the Clum had just been appointed Indian agent there and Colorado River, had a garrison of soldiers. Our ocean orders given him to concentrate Chiricahua and Warm voyage lasted 42 days, longest voyage on record. In one calm · Spring Apaches at San Carlos. In April 1877 a government ofelevendaysoffCapeSanlucas, shonofwater, we caught party from San Carlos passed Safford enroute to the Warm water from the deck in heavy rain storm and.filled up casks. Springs in Grant County, New Mexico. Ther~ was a In a heavy gale off Tiburon Island in the Gulf, carried away company of Indian Scouts under the noted Chmcahua top sails and s/...-y-light. Seas filled the cabin with two feet of Chief Geronimo, who at that time was in the employ ofthe water as the ship got in the trough ofthe sea. We came near Agent, overseeing issuance of government rations to the foundering before sailors could bend new sails and get ship reservation Indians. I had a good look at him then, but a on her course. Every wave washed over her deck while in the much better opportunity when on their return a couple trough of the sea. When new sails were rigged and we got weeks afterwhen they esconedVictorio 's band ofM escaler? steered away, the brig rode the gail nobly. Capt. McDonough Apaches (Warm Springs). Victoria was note~_Jor Ills and all hands acted bravely. We were the only passengers. murders as was Geronimo. He had been terronz1ng New The Captain had his wife with him, a honeymoon trip for both Mexicoforseveralyears. Ihadagoodlookathimalso. The ofus. He was just married. Indians before reaching Safford had been supplied _by Mexicans with Mescal and many ofthem were drnnk, wluch When the Brig Josphine reached her destination made us uneasy, but old Geronimo, mounted on a mule with (Pon Isabel) at the mouth of the Colorado River, we found a big club went after the disorderly ones and soon got th~m Capt. D. C. Robinson with the Steamer Colorado there to moving on toward San Carlos. The policy of the IncJ_ian take passengers and freight to Yuma and up-river points. Depanment was to farnishanns to the Reservation Indians under the pretext they needed them for hunting game. At that time all goods comingfrom California came by Troops had orders not to interfere with India~s. except water from San Francisco by the Colorado Steam Naviga­ when they were off the reservation. The Indians were tion Line, who operated steamers and barges on the river. continually committing murders around us killing miners Their principal office was in San Francicso and branch at and settlers, killing tea,nsters and carrying off stocks of Yuma. My husband was agent there at that time. Stages ran merchandise. Samineeg 'strain of 14 wagons was attacked occasionally from San Diego semi-monthly, I think. Mrs.

118 at Ceder Pass, near Fort Grant all the men were killed and and the Indians went on to Florida and afterwards they were 114 mules carried off; wagons and freight burned, and taken to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where they ended their lives. another train coming from Silver City, N. M. was destroyed This ended the Indian war, except afew desultory cases. and at Ash Springs east of Safford, the teamsters killed. the Apaches were all finally settled at San Carlos and the White Mountain Reservation at Fort Apache. But life was In 1882 Mr. York, one of the first supervisors of very insecure all those years. We also had a criminal Graham County, was killed while following with a posse a element among the Whites and Mexicans that affected soci­ band ofApaches who had raided the Gila Valley and killed ety unfavorably and rendered life and property insecure several people and carried off stock. His party was am­ during those pioneer days. The Arizona pioneer averaged bushed in the Steims PeakRange. York was slwt through the with those of any new state of the Republic is my belief knee so badly he could not ride. He advised the others to leave him and get out the best they could, as otherwise they Relatives who have served in the Wars of the United would all have been sacrificed as there were so many States; so far as the War ofthe Revolution is concerned there Indians. When a large party went back next day, he was is no direct record. T1ze Robinson's were among the earliest found dead and terribly mutilated. immigrants to Massachusetts, John Robinson being one of the early governors of that colony. Shortly afterward a band of Chiracahuas, under Chief Juli (pronounced 'HOO'), came up from Mexico An uncle served in the Union Anny in the Civil War, (they had previously left the San Carlos Reservation but had also, by husband was a /st Lieut.. in the Civil War on the left their women behind and their object was to get ihem. Union side. My husband's father was a U.S. soldier in the George Stevens has a large band of sheep ,in the Gila War of 1812-13 or last war with England. Mountains north of Safford being herded by 12 Mexicans and some of Captain George's White Mt. Indians who lived My youngest son Arthur was a private in Captain las. on Eagle Creek. O'Neils Troop ofRoosevelt's Rough Riders (1st Vol. Cav.) in the Spanish-American War and participated in all the Juli's party came by Apache Pass, crossed the Gila battles at Santiago de Cuba. In the first battle, Las Guisamas, near Guthrie, struck the sheep camp and killed all the June 26, 1893, Maj. Brodie and Capt McClintock were herders. One ofthe Indian women(herder)savedaMexican wounded and Capt. Capron was killed and the Regiment lost baby and carried it in the night 12 miles to Safford. Her feet about 40 killed and wounded. At the battle ofSan Juan Hill, were badly bruised and lacerated by the rocks. July2-3, 1898, CaptainO'Neillwaskilledthefirstday. T1ze second day the Regiment led the assault on San Juan Hill and A party went out the next day and buried the bodies. the capture of the hill and trenches commanding the city of The sheep were scattered and many killed. Juli then Santiago. continued down the north side ofthe Gila to San Carlos, got their women and struck across the Graham range by the The Regiment consisted offour troops from Arizona, Aravapai and Cedar Pass where they took in Saminagoes four from New Mexico and/our from Oklalw,na and Texas, train, went past Fort Grant and Willcox, killing several and was organized at Prescott, Arizona (Ft. Whipple) with persons in the Sulphur Springs Valley among them. Capt. Brodie ( aftenvards Governor of Arizona) as Major, Overton 's Cavalry troop was brought from Fort Bayard by Roosevelt.Lt. Col, and Wood, Colonel. Woodwaspro,noted train, and detrained in Sulphur Springs Valley. They were Brig. General and Roosevelt was made Colonel of the defeated by the Indians who continued the valley killing Regiment. Wood has since been Commanding General some settlers on the Sonoyta Creek and got into the ,noun­ U.S.A He had served as Lieut. ofthe 6th U.S. Cavalry in the tains in the Sierra Madre, Mexico. Geronimo now took the Arizona Indian Wars. Captain las. O'Neill's body was war path, ltlli having been killed by Mexicans in Sonora, brought back from Cuba and buried at Prescott, Ari::.ona and and kept raiding Arizona until Lieut. Gatewood and Capt. a monument placed in his memory. Lawton's command followed him down into Mexico and arranged to have him come back to Arizona under promise Mrs. Tuttle took an active part in promoting schools ofimmunity from General Miles wlw met Geronimo's party and all other agencies for civic betterment giving, at one at Bowie, Arizona. Miles there put Geronimo and 60 ofhis time, the building site for a church in the town of Safford and warriors on a S.P. train and started them for Florida. When donating to the construction of the building, which has been the train reached New Orleans the Secretary of War, at the used and owned by the Methodists for more than twenty­ insistence ofthe Departmen, halted thefunher deportation five years and affecting the community for good. and was about to return them to San Carlos. T1ze people of Arizona and New Mexico at once sent a big protest to Washington, and finally General Miles' plan was approved

119 In 1903, she and family transferred her residence to Los Angeles, California. In 1920, she passed away, after an MARY ELIZABETH HARER VINEY ARD illness of four days with influenza, contracted while on a visit BORN: September 24, 1849 to her daughter in Yuma, Arizona. Her remains now rest in IN: Arlcansas beautiful Inglewood, near Los Angeles, California. FATHER: David Harer MOTHER: Josephine Harer CAME TO ARIZONA: 1873 - Phoenix HUSBAND: John Vineyard Married: August 16, 1868 Children: Jake, Willie, Joe, Abbie, Ezra, Agness, Dorcess, Bessie, Green Relatives in wars: Paul DeSpain and Willie Olson, grandchildren in U.S. Navy during World War

Mary Elizabeth Harer Vinyard was born in Arkan­ sas, September 24th, 1849. When eleven years old I moved with my parents David Harer and Josephine Harer to Tulare, California with an imigrant train drawn by oxen. We were six months making the trip. We came by the Santa Fe Trail. Tlult was in 1860. I was married to John Vineyard August 16, 1868.

We moved to Arizona in 1873 by wagons coming in by way of Prescott. We located on a ranch in the center of what is now the city of Phoenix. We later moved to Tonto Basin byway ofReno Pass. We had many Indian scares and farted up many times during the outbreaks. For a long time we had neither schools nor churches. After a while we had a school. A Mr. Scandlan was the first teacher. James McClintock was the second.

There were lots of soldiers at Fort McDowell when we went into Tonto. We had to haul all of our provisions from Phoenix. I had nine children.

Paul DeSapin and Willie Olsen, grandsons, joined the navy at the beginning of the World War and are still in the Navy.

120 ADELA DA VIS STREET WAKEFIELD business. During that first winter the family lived in a two BORN: June 22, 1847 room adobe cabin and carried water from a spring one half IN: near Richmond, Virginia mile away from the house. The nearest white family was FATHER: Joseph Street seven miles away and they received mail once a month. In • MOTHER: Emily Street the spring Mr. Wakefield erected the first two story hewed CAME TO ARIZONA: October 20, 1884 - log house in that neighborhood, dug a well and soon the Springerville W.Al... cattle ranch was one of the best in the valley. HUSBAND: George Washington Wakefield Married: January 7, 1875 - Montana Shortly after their location in the valley, Mrs. Children: Mabel Moffit (Mrs. B. I.); Mrs. H. M. Hicks; Wakefield started a Sunday School for her own children and Mrs. J.E. Brown; Mrs. H. F. Johnson a few others from the neighboring ranches. The next year Relatives in wars: Husband, George Washington she started a day school for the same children. Both were Wakefield, 3 years in the Fourth Volunteer Cavalry of the conducted in her own home. During the years of 1885-86 Union Army in Civil War; Grandfather, General Pasey; the Wakefield home was the social, religious and education! Ancestor General Anthony Wayne center for the lonely men, women and children of the community. Adela Davis Street was born June 22, 1847 on the old plantation near Richmond, Virginia. She was the oldest During the Apache Indian outbreaks, the settlers of daughter of Joseph H. and Emily Street and granddaugher the Nutrioso Valley spent many dreadful days in mortal fear of General Pasey of Virginia, and a direct decendent of that the Indians would cross over the White Mountains and General Anthony Wayne and eligible to both the Daughters raid the valley. of the American Revolution and the Colonial Dames. In October 1886 the family moved to Springerville in Directly after the Civil War when the family fortune order that the children might attend both day and Sunday · had been swept away by the freeing of the slaves and the School. There Mrs. Wakefield helped organize the first ravages of war, the family moved to Ottumwa, Iowa, where Presbyterian Church and taught in the Sunday School, and Miss Street completed her education in the Seminary for being endowed with that true Southern charm and hospitality, Young Women at Fairfield, Iowa she became a leader in the social, religious and educational life of the town. In 1872 the Street family left Iowa and went overland to Bozeman, Montana. Here Adela taught school for two In 1890 the Wakefields moved to Albuquerque, New years, and was very active in the church work of the town. Mexico to give their daughters better educational advan­ tages. Mr. Wakefield purchased another ranch at Aztec, On January 7th, 1875 Adela married George Wash­ New Mexico and moved there in 1906, after the daughters ington Wakefield, a young lawyer from Columbus, Ohio, were all educated and two were married. who had served three years in the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry of the Union Army. Four daughters were born of The following is part of the death notice which was this union: Mrs. B. L. Moffitt of Tucson, Arizona; Mrs. H. printed in the Albuquerque, New Mexico Morning Journal, M. Hicks of Oakland, California; Mrs. J. E. Brown of Sunday December 19, 1909: Oakland, California and Mrs. H. F. Johnson of Aztec, New Mexico. "On December 7, 1909 Mrs. G.W. Wakefield died suddenly of apoplexy at Aztec, New Mexico, where for In 1880 Mr. Wakefield, because of failing health, several years she had resided. She came from very prominent gave up his chosen profession and moved his family to Kentucky and Virginia families and was a cousin of Robert Texas, but after four years he was advised to go to Arizona. E. Lee. She was a resident of Albuquerque for many years In June, 1884 he started with his family and several thou­ and was greaty beloved by all who knew her. With the sand head of sheep to go overland across the Staked Plains passing of Mrs. Wakefield, New Mexico lost one of its to Arizona They finally reached Springerville October 20, noblest women: a woman of culture and refinement, and of 1884 after three months of hardship and difficulties. fine christian character. She was a devoted wife and mother and a true friend. Mr. Wakefield bought a ranch on NutriosoCreek ten • miles from town, sold his sheep and went into the cattle 121 good to the children and would have held them. This would make the most ofit, as knowing what it meant, I would never have been a rest/or me as I had to hold my baby all day long do it again alone. to keep her from falling out of the wagon; but they were too filthy and so infested with vermin that I didn't allow them to I have made other journeys equally as tiresome and help me. As it was we did not entirely escape. We learned a dangerous when one was afraid ofIndians behind every tree few Mexican words, the alphabet, and how to count. Mr. or rock. If we imagined every soap weed was an enemy Chandler said we were not ask the meaning of their songs, running, my husband would tell us never to look for an as we would enjoy them better not to know. Since we were so Indian because we would always hear the shot first. long on the road our provisions gave out and we had to serve the same food provided for the Mexicans; beans, bacon, Silver City, where we arrived the last of December flour, coffee and dried fruit. One night we camped near a I 877, was quite a small place then. It is the county seat of white family who were going in the opposite direction; the Grant County, New Mexico and at that time the silver mines man had killed a bear and gave us some of the meat, which were in active operation. There were also many large and we enjoyed. These were the only white people I saw after small cattle ranches and sheep herds scattered over the leaving Albuquerque and we passed through no town except country and a number of small fanns or ranches, as we the little Mexican plazas. called them in the western country. These were located in the valleys around and all were drawing their supplies from Mr. Chandler had told us what route we would take Silver City, which trading made the town a very flourishing and the town we would pass through so I could get mail, but and prosperous place. It is beautifully situated and has a after we started he changed his route twice and I had not a fine climate. line from anyone for almost three months. My people back in the old home thinking we were atthe mercy ofhalf savages, We remained in this place where my husband was as they judged the Mexicans to be, were very anxious and my engineer in the smelter for over two years. Then he took a husband was anxious too. Although he had confidence in the herd ofcattle on shares from Harvey Whitehill, sheriff ofthe man's promise to bring us through safely. Fortunately we county, and moved them out on the Gila River, only a few were perfectly well all the time. If any one of us had been miles from the Arizona line. After the cattle were located he seriously ill nothing could have been done. One Mexicandid returned for the family and we again embarked in a wagon, die on the way. He was sleeping in a wagon next to ours. We but this time it was drawn by horses. heard him moaning and calling on God to help. It was bitterly cold and no one went to him. The next morning they We were only two days making the trip over the seemed very much surprised to find him dead. We had to stay Continental Divide through the Burro Mountains by way of over one day so they could carry the body to a little plaza and Knight's Ranch. 17zere we saw the burned remains of a lay it in consecrated ground. I thought it would have bee wagon, household goods and wearing apparel scattered more human to have taken care of him while he was alive. about where the Indians had massacred a family a short ti,ne before. We passed on over a long dry mesa to a crossing on The train moved so slowly that we would take turns tlze Gila and drove down the valley past a few scattered walking in good weather and could easily keep up with the ranches to the cattle ranch where we were to live for a year wagons. T7ze children gathered quantities ofpi non nuts and in a lace! house, made of posts set closely together in the in evenings the men helped to roast them. We passed many ground and daubed with mud. It had a dirt floor and roof hours in cracking and eating them as we moved along. While we li ved at this place I taught school in one of The first word I had from my husband was a note sent the roo,ns having an enroll,nent ofnine children, including by some teamsters. This message reached me fifty miles out my two. With the proceeds of this venture I bought my first of Silver City. Two days afterwards he met us with a light sewing machine. After a year we ,novedfourteen miles down wagon and team of large mules. That was a joyful ,neeting the river into Arizona and settled on government land, which and we gladly said good-by to the plodding old oxen. It is now called York Flat. 771ere were a few shacks on the seemed that we were flying as we bowled along the first place, and my husband soon had built a large adobe house twenty-five miles to Silver City, where we arrived at six with a shingle roof, windows and floors, which were a real o'clock in the evening to find our little adobe house all ready luxury. Here we felt at ho,ne once more. for us. Even the wood was laid ready for fire in the Mexican fireplace in one corner of the room. How good it was to feel Our hor,se was a stopping place for travelers going a floor under our feet and to have a comfortable bed on which fromtlze railroad at Lordsburg to Clifton and tlze Longfellow to rest! My husband was very proud to think I would mines, which were owned and operated by the Lesinskeys. undertake such a journey to be with him, but I told him to We entertained a number of interesting people: men who

125 ld be welcome guests in any society were more than I went through many rough and dangerous experiences. The :~:come to us. They were very cordial and friendly and chiulrens' education was a serious problem. I tried taking made an effort to give us the news of the outside world. them to California, but things went wrong at the ranch and I Some of those I like to remember were Colonel Lee and was sent for. I brought with me a young lady teacher who GovernorSheulonofSante Fe; H. W.Lawton; the Churches, stayed with us two years and took entire charge of the who were the first owners of the mines at Morenci; many chiulren. Then we had another teacher for the same length amty officers, and Archibaul Clavering Gunter, a story oftime. Altogether we hadfour and this arrangement proved writer. much more satisfactory than sending them away from home.

The Indians were hostile and made a raid some­ Many things crowd into my mind, but I shall bring where through the country twice a year, in the spring and my story to a close by saying to you dear young people, fall, when the grass and water was plentiful for their who are starting out in life and are feeling sometimes that · ponies. One time all the settlers got together about twenty you are having many hardships to contend with, just stop miles up the river, making the trip at night because the and think how much better you are situated than we of the Indians never attacked at night or during a stonn. We earlier days, and you will have much for which to be stayed at that ranch a week; sometimes the men wouulfill thankful. gunny sacks with sand and pack the windows half way and we would stay at the ranch. Atanothertimeeveryoneforted at Duncan, and on this occasion the cowboys followed the Indians several days and pressed them so closely a squaw dropped her papoose which was strapped in a basket. The baby was so filthy the women had some trouble getting it clean.

A family named Adams took the chiul, a boy, and as he grew he developed the Indian traits. He was very cruel with the other chiulren, and often struck at them with a hammer or rock. At one time he dashed at a little white boy with a knife, but was caught before the boy was badly hurt. The Indians traveled fast, only stopping long enough to run off the horses or kill a beef or human being. I do not remember them ever attacking a house, for the Apache Indians are great cowards and never fight in the open. A rattlesnake is a more honest enemy because he at least warns one before attacking. At one time five hundred Indians passed the ranch and as it was roundup time, they killed a good many cattle. Another time we heard the shot that killed a young man who had been at the ranch an hour before playing croquet. There are many other incidents I could mention, but will not at this time.

If the men were late coming in from their rides after the cattle I was uneasy and could not rest. My husband would scoldingly say that he always trailed a cow until he found her and that I must get used to his being away. I often told him the day might come when he would wish I woi,ld become uneasy and send ,nen to hunt for him. This proved true, for if I had known it was Indians instead of rustlers who had stolen our horses three year later I wouul have sent men to his relief, and he would not have been ambushed and killed.

After the death of my husband I was compelled to remain at the ranch, as all we had was there. With the.five children, the oldest sixteen and the youngest eight rnonths,

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130 I I

GUIDE TO INDEX

ARIZONA HISTORICAL FOUNDATION

ARIZONA STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY - TUCSON

ARIZONA STATE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES

BISBEE MINING & HISTORICAL MUSEUM

COCHISE COUNTY HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

CLARK COLLECTION

DESERT CABALLEROS WESTERN MUSEUM

EASTERN ARIZONA MUSEUM & HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF GRAHAM COUNTY

PHOENIX MUSEUM OF HISTORY

PIMERIA ALTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

SHARLOT HALL MUSEUM

WILLCOX CHAMBER OF COMMERCE & AGRICULTURE

SHARLOT HALL MUSEUM

131 Index

Name Town Research Center Aguirre, Mary Bernard Sasabe AHF, AHS-Tucson, ASL&A Allen, Mary Jane Oswald Prescott PMH Anderson, Anna Louisa St Johns PMH Anderson, Catherin Glenn Freeman Globe PMH Anderson, Marjorie Porter Fort Verde PMH Armer, Lucinda Hebard or Hibbard Signal PMH Bailey, Sarah J. Kennedy Globe PMH Barney, Sarah Matilda Solomonville EAM&HS Bates, Sarah Ellen Wakefield Brigham Camp(Tuba City) PMH Berry, Rachel Emma Allen St. Johns AZ•. Legislative Blue Book, 1915, ASL&A, AHS-Tucson, AHF Birdsall, Alice Mabeth Phoenix Normans Who's Who & ASL&A Boido, Rosa Goodrich Tucson AHF, AHS-Tucson, Norman's Who's Who, ASL&A Brown, Angeline B. Mitchell Prescott SHM,ASL&A Brown, Emma Bridges Springerville PMH Brookner, Sarah Glenn Globe PMH Burnett, Mary M. Tomkins Stanwix Station PMH Bury, Helen lauder Gillette PMH Cadman, Annie Richmond Basin PMH Campbell, Eliza O'Flynn Prescott PMH Cashman, Nellie Tucson-Tombstone ASL&A, AHS-Tucson, AHF Chamberlin, Catharine Viles Gila Bend PMH Chapman, Blanche Farrington Ehrenberg PMH Clark, Mary Anderson Globe PMH Clifford, Margaret Rowe Southern Arizona PMH Cluff, Jennie Foster Gila Valley PMH Colter, Mary Elizabeth Jane Grand Canyon AWHF, ASL&A, AHF Conger, Nan Price Phoenix PMH Crawford, Cordelia Adams Tonto Basin AHF,AWHF Cummings, Elizabeth Cosner Salt River Valley PMH Curnow, Alice J. Donovan Richmond Basin PMH, AHS-Tucson Curtis, Rilla Ann Oliver Glenbar EAM&HS Davenport, Minnie Ella Tevis Teviston PMH, ABS-Tucson DeSpain, Frances Cummins Cedar PMH Dines, Jennie B. Tempe PMH Durning, Marie Gates Globe PMH Edwards, Emma F. Nash Roberts Williamson Valley PMH Edwards, Lettie Tevis Teviston PMH Farrington, Mary E. Shivers Wickenburg PMH Name Town Research Center Fish, Maria Wakefield Fish Tucson PMH Fisk, Carrie Campbell Globe PMH Foley, Margaret Denlon Navajo Springs PMH Fourr, Mrs. W. M. Central Ranch on Gila River PMH Foster, Dorothy Hammels Florence PMH Fowler, Ella Francis Prescott ABF, ABS-Tucson, SHM r Fremont, Jesse Benton Prescott SHM, AHF, ABS-Tucson, ASL&A I French, Helen ABF, ABS-Tucson, SHM Gamble, (Mrs.) Jesus Pacheco Clifton PMH Garlinghouse, Mary Long McMillinville PMH Genung, Ida E.H. Peeples Valley PMH Gerald, Genevieve Snow Miami PMH Graham, Annie Neff Prescott PMH Greenhaw, Elizabeth Amy Phoenix PMH Gray, Mary Norris Salt River Valley PMH Heard, Maie Bartlett Phoenix AHF, ASL&A Hall, Adeline Susannah Boblett Prescott SHM Hamblin, Louisa B. Round Valley (Springerville) PMH&A Hammer, Angela Hutchinson Picket Post AHF, ASL&A, ABS-Tucson Harer, Josephine Greenback Valley PMH Haverly, Nellie Tidwell McMillenville PMH Hayden, Sallie Davis Tempe AHF, ASL&A, ABS-Tucson Heywood, Sarah Francelle Coleman Bush Valley PMH Highdon, Donny Tidwell McMillenville PMH Hoffman, Martha J. Gist Williamson Valley PMH Horrell, Susan Proffitt Miami PMH House, Lizzie Anderson Fort Verde PMH Hudson, Mary E. Tucson PMH Hughes, Josephine Brawley Tucson ABS-Tucson, ABF Ingalls, Madera Spaulding Prescott PMH Irvine, Nancy Jane Gregg Salt River Valley PMH Irion, Elizabeth Irvine Craig Pinal Ranch PMH Jones, Ida EKey Nogales P AHS Kell, Cora J. Clanton Mayer PMH, SHM Kelsey, Schreiber Trayer Tucson PMH Kennedy, Jane Mosher Globe PMH Kerby, Amelia Rogers Lehigh PMH Lange, Alice Curren Gila City PMH Larson, Odevid L. Eklund Snow Flake PMH Lee, Inez Hamblin Springerville PMH Lillywhite, Mary E. Willden Bush Valley (Alpine) PMH McFadden, Nancy Jane Holbrook PMH

133 Name Im!n Research Center

Mc Lane, Katherine Young Globe PMH McClatchie, Anna D. Phoenix AHS-Tucson, ASL&A, AHF McNelly, (Mrs.) William Fox Globe PMH Merrill, Lucinda P. Brown St. David PMH Middleton, Miriam Tucson PMH Munds, Frances Lilian Willard Prescott AHF, ASL&A, SHM Newman, Ellen J. Bates Winslow PM Ollson, Agnes Vinyard Tonto Basin PMH Osborn, Purlina T. Swetnan Prescott PMH Pace, Nancy Orpha Boggs Thatcher PMH Pendleton, Rosa Barclay Globe PMH Platt, Margaret Birchett Chillson Old Miami PMH Post, Mary Elizabeth Yuma PMH Price, Effie Shaw Mineral Creek PMH Rogers, Cynthia Ann Eldridge Salt River Valley PMH Shute, Ella Middleton Tempe PMH Smith, Effie Anderson Pearce CCH&AS Smith, Elizabeth Hudson Wickenburg DCWM Sorin, Sarah Herring Tucson AHF, ASL&A, AHS-Tucson, AWHF Steele, Lizzie Kirkland Gila Valley PMH Talbot, Henrietta Hubbard Phoenix PMH Teeples, Carolina Shalon PMH Terrell, Lulu Yorke Gila River Valley PMH Tevis, Emma Boston Teviston PMH Thomas, Hallie Orme Maricopa PMH Tuttle, Marietta L. Yuma PMH Vineyard, Mary Elizabeth Harer Phoenix PMH Wakefi.eld, Adela Davis Street Springerville PMH Wallace, Agnes McKee Prescott AHF, SHM, ASL&A, AHS-Tucson Weech, Sarah Dall Pima CC,EAM&HS Wiley, Martha King Ross Globe PMH York, Sarah Butler York Ranch PMH

134 The following is an excerpt for the 1860 census. The cover page give the complete title so researchers can easily find it in research centers.

135 EUmic Husband's Original 89th Congress Senate Document Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home No.13 Arivaca Mines ( P.O. Iubac} Sentember 6, 1860

Session, (Serial 12668-1) Dupuy,B b 36 housewife brickmason Louisana Dupuy, Caroline b 7 Louisana Thompson, Ann h housewife cook Mexico Federal Census - Territory of New Mexico and Arizona City October 8 - 9, 1860 Territory of Arizona Bowman, Sarah w 47 saloon keeper upholsterer Tennessee Campbel w 28 housewife fanner Ohio Friaja, Juana h 25 housewife fanner California Excerpts From the Friaja, Maria h 1 California Fremont, Rosa h 37 housewife baker Chile Fremont, Juana h 3 New Mexico Decennial Federal Census, 1860, Gutierrez, Ignacia h 30 washwoman Mexico Hastings, Charlotte h 31 housewife lawyer Venezuela Heath, Charlotte w 24 milliner Mississippi for Hill, Maria h 28 housewife blacksmith Mexico Hill, Magdelena h 2 New Mexico Hooper, Frances w 28 New Jersey Arizona County in The Territory of New Mexico, Johnson, Estefana h 20 housewife steamboat captain California Lopez, Ursella h 30 (no husband) California Osa, Antonia h 23 (no husband) California Osa, Guadalupe h 12 California St John, Falley w 50 housewife fanner New York Schneider, Louisa w 22 housewife merchant Germany Spitler, Marielle w 23 housewife farmer New York

.· .. Territory of New .fyfe~icq1 £aunty of Colorado Township

Amabisca, Francesca h 26 housewife trader Sonora White Amabisca, Carmen h 3 Sonora 1,678 Bootes, Louisa B. w 22 officer's wife Captain, U.S. Army Delaware 743 Bryerson, Ann w 34 laundress Ireland Cassoris, Josusa 40 housewife 2,421 h miner Sonora Cassoris, Josefa h 12 Sonora Connell, Elizabeth w 23 laundress New York Contreras, Cannen h 25 housewife merchant Sonora Crowell, Anna G. w 22 Officer's wife Surgeon, U.S. Army South Carolina

13 EUmic Husband's Original Ethnic Husband's Original Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home Doten, Rose h 25 housewife coach maker Sonora Figueroa, Gertudes h 35 housewife merchant Sonora Brown, Bridget w 28 housewife Ireland Figueroa, Bartola h 17 Sonora Everett, Alice w 25 housewife Ireland Figueroa, Ramona h 11 Sonora Everett, Laura E. w 2 New Mexico Figueroa, Marcelina h 4 Sonora Gonzales, Damianah h 40 seamstress laborer Mexico Garcia, Maria h 26 housewife teamster Sonora Gonzales, Anselma h 40 laundress Mexico Hanlon, Martha w 38 housewife merchant Pennsylvania Longmire, Guadalupe h 27 laundress New Mexico Hubby, Julia w 21 seamstress Sonora Longmire, Mary h 7 New Mexico Johnson, Estefana h 19 housewife steamboat captain California Longmire, Eliza h 1/12 New Mexico Kelly, Julia w 27 laundress Ireland Marquez, Josefa h 23 laundress NcwMcxico Kelly, Elizabeth w 3 Kansas Territory Moore, Margaret w 20 milliner England Kelly, Rebecca w 1 California Trofill, Teodora w 18 Mexico Magee, Ann w 20 maid servant Ireland Randall, Julia w 24 housewife Massachusetts Myers, Margaret w 31 laundress England Ryan, Kate w 25 laundress Ireland Myers, Mary w 10 Missouri Spinning, Mary F. w 21 housewife Kentucky Myers, Fanny L. w 7 Iowa O'Connell, Mary w 30 laundress maid servant Ireland Eoa Mobal'.l. (P, Q, I.as An1;teh::s. CaliQ tiill'.l.mber 20. J860 Pickett, Martha w 23 laundress Ireland Cherry, Mary w 37 housewife Ireland Schnider, Lousia w 22 housewife hotelkeeper Sonora Cherry, Susan w 3/12 New Mexico Schneider, Mary w 4 California Haller, Henrietta w 31 housewife Ireland Schneider, Olivia w 3 California Haller, Alice w 10 Schneider, Emma w 3/12 California Haller, Charlotte w 5 Thompson, Mariah h 27 housewife trader Sonora Handel, Rebecca w 26 housewife West, Ritah h 22 seamstress teamster Sonora Austria Lawless, Ana w 19 housewife Ireland Calabasas CTubac P.Q} Aui:ust 29, J86Q

Great Q~ecJand Mail Stations Betw~n Pima Yilla.:es and Gila Cit:i (P,Q, Gila Cit)'.} Boyd, Sarah Sutton w 20 housewife fanner Texas September 26, 29 - 30 and Qc1<>her 1 -2, 1860 Fielder, Nancy w 6 ( no parents) Arkansas Cervantes, Jesus h 28 housewife miner Mexico Castro, Irena h 35 housewife shoemaker Mexico Gifford, Guadalupe h 19 housewife miner Mexico Irias, Juliana h 18 housewife saddler Mexico Lee, Hulda w 19 housewife fanner Illinois Conner Mines

l,a La~uaa (e Q, Gila Cill:'.l Qc1oner 2. l86Q Struby, Louisa w 2 New Mexico Van Alstine, Rita C. w 24 housewife fanner New Mexico Amansea, Francisca h 23 trader Mexico Winters, Sophia w 65 housewife Prussia Amansea, Carmen h 3 Mexico Van Alstine, Rita C. w 24 housewife farmer New Mexico Contreras, Isaac h 21 teacher Mexico Winters, Sophia w 65 Prussia Contreras, Delores h 55 miner Mexico

Middle Santa Crnz Selllewems (P Q Iubacl Se121emwc 1, 18® LQD~m:na Mines (P Q Iub,u;l Se1w::wbcr 2. 186Q Caruther, Manuela h 18 housewife Canner New Mexico Chambon, Jesus h 25 miner Mexico Page, Larcena Ann w 23 farmer Tennessee Chambon, Baleria h 1 Smith, Alice w 24 farmer Missouri Cervantes, Jesus h 28 housewife miner Mexico Smith, Anna w 5 California Gifford, Guadalupe h 19 housewife miner Mexico Ward, Amelia w 5/12 New Mexico Lee, Hulda w 19 housewife farmer Illinois Sao Pedro Seltlement

1 Ethnic Husband Original Ethnic Husband Original Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home

SQ'OQ[i Seulemi:Dl (e,Q, Tuba~l Si:121~mhcc 3, 1860 Ortero, Gabriela h 11 Monroy, Paula h 24 housewife stockherder Mexico New Mexico Robinson, Sarah E. w farmer New Mexico Rodriquez, Ros h 29 laundress laborer New Mexico Tublli: (e Q, Iublli:) S~121emhec 8 - 10. 186Q Rodriquez, Geneveva h 8 New Mexico Appel, Victoria T. w 30 housewife merchant New Mexico Sanchez, Juana h 33 housewife New Mexico Barrela, Rafela h 24 housewife New Mexico Sanchez, Barbara h 14 New Mexico Bedoya, Joaquina h 17 housewife farmer Mexico Sanchez, Santiaga h 5 New Mexico Borques, Encarcion h 19 housewife farmer New Mexico Sombrano, Maria h 18 housewife farmer Mexico Borques, Juana - h 3 New Mexico Tellez, Rafaela h 32 housewife farmer New Mexico Borques, Victoria h 2 New Mexico Tellez, Dominga h 6 New Mexico Bustamente, Bonifacia h 35 housewife fanner Mexico Torres, Dolores h 17 housewife laborer New Mexico Bustafment, Donaciana h 15 Mexico Urdangarin, Gerarda h 18 housewife schoolmaster New Mexico Carrillo, Rosa h 21 seamstress stockherder Mexico Valenzuela, Refugia h 21 Mexico Carrisosa, Simona h 25 housewife farmer Mexico Velasquez, Concepcion h 30 seamstress Mexico Castilla, Maria h 79 housewife New Mexico Villanueva, Mariana h 17 housewife laborer Mexico Comaduran', Francisca h 21 housewife laborer New Mexico Villanueva, Ana h 8 Mexico Comaduran', Ana M. h I Diaz, Marciah h 28 housewife laborer New Mexico Tu~s~m lul)'. 22.1860 Ulcu Aueust 2. 1860 Gonzalez, Ulayah h 40 housewife laborer New Mexico Acedo, Antoni h 24 washerwoman New Mexico Herreras, Gertrudesh h 38 housewife New Mexico Acedo, Juana h 5 New Mexico Hulseman, Louisa h housewife New Mexico Acedo, Guadalupe h 31 housewife laborer New Mexico Ibarra, Merced h 43 seamstress farmer Mexico Acedo, Adelaida h 6 New Mexico Lopez, Chona h 35 housewife Mexico Acedo, Leberina h 5 New Mexico Lopez, Crisanta h 16 housewife laborer New Mexico Acedo, M. Juana h 17 housewife saddler New Mexico Lopez, Salome h 6 New Mexico Acedo, Mercelada h 22 housewife laborer New Mexico Luna, Maria i 40 housewife Govenor of Papago Village Adams, J.L. h 23 bookeeper Maine New Mexico Aquirre, Maria h 70 housewife laborer New Mexico Mason, Francisc h 22 housewife carpenter Mexico Miranda, Teresa h 30 housewife laborer Mexico Moraya, Josefa h 44 seamstress laborer New Mexico Orosco, Jacoba h 40 housewife laborer New Mexico Ortega, Geneveva h 6 New Mexico Ortega.Seba h 40 laundress laborer New Mexico Ortega, Serafina 0. h 40 seamstress New Mexico Ortega, Juana b 20 New Mexico Ortero, Maria Clara h 37 housewife laborer New Mexico Ortero, Manuela h 16 New Mexico Ortero, Elena h 12 New Mexico

l Ethnic Husband Original Ethnic Husband Original Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home

Aquirre, Serafina h 21 housewife laborer New Mexico Daniel, Patricia w 4/12 NewMexcio farmer New Mexico Aquirre, Isabel h 30 housewife Elias, Conception h 87 Mexico Aquirre, Eliria h 10 New Mexico Elias, Jesus h 47 housewife fanner New Mexico Aquirre, Cliaria h 5 New Mexico Elias, Mercedes h 14 housewife laborer New Mexico Aquirre, Maria J. h 2 New Mexico Elias, Jesus h 28 housewife fanner New Mexico Anisa, Emilia h 24 housewife farmer New Mexico Elias, Teresa h 22 housewife fanner New Mexico Bell, Mary D.M. b 53 washer, ironer carpenter Louisana Elias, Rosa h 5 New Mexico Bell, Cora mulatto 18 Louisana Elias, Isadora h 30 housekeeper farmer Mexico Bell, Lisa mulatto 14 Louisana Elias, Catalina h 5 New Mexico Bilduces, Florencia h 11 New Mexico Elias, Ignacia h 21 housewife fanner New Mexico Bouchet, Eloisa h 18 housewife Mexico Gallardo, Trinidad h 27 housewife farmer New Mexico Burke, Engracion h 19 housewife grocer Mexico Gallardo, Josefa h 30 housewife laborer New Mexico Burruel, Maria h 24 housewife grocer New Mexico Gallego, Maria h 26 housewife fanner New Mexico Calzadillas, Maria h 30 housewife brickmason New Mexico Gallego, Juana h 8 New Mexico Camacho, Maria h 21 housewife shoemaker New Mexico Gallego, Francisca h 30 housewife farmer New Mexico Camacho, Eloisa h 4 New Mexico Gallego, Juana h 10 New Mexico Camacho, Maria h 12 servant New Mexico Gallego, Cayetana h 9 New Mexico Campo, Guadalupe h 26 housewife laborer New Mexico Gallego, Carmen h 8 New Mexico Campo, Maria h 5 New Mexico Gallego, Mercedes h 4 New Mexico Campo, Matilde h 1 New Mexico Gallegos, Catarina h 5/12 New Mexico Campo, Guadalupe h 18 housewife laborer New Mexico Gallegos, Josefa h 30 washer/ironer New Mexico Campo, Louisa h 35 seamstress laborer New Mexico Gallegos, Antonia h 8 New Mexico Campo, Rosa h 23 laborer New Mexico Garica, Linaca h 28 housewife schoolmaster New Mexico Capron, Sarah Rossner w 25 housewife merchant New Mexico Gonzales, Escapula h 18 housewife silversmith New Mexico Castro, Carmen h 25 housewife farmer New Mexico Granillo, Andrea h 50 washerwoman New Mexico Castro, Maria h 9 New Mexcio Green, Concepcion h 19 housewife govt contractor New Mexico Castro, Espetacion h 4 New Mexico Green, Luciana w 2 New Mexico Castro, Gertudes h 20 housewife laborer New Mexico Grijalva, Solomena h 38 seamstress New Mexico Castro, Ana h 20 housewife laborer New Mexico Grijalva, Francisca h 49 housewife farmer New Mexico Castro, Vidalis h 5/12 New Mexico Guillermo, Maria i 25 servant New Mexico Castro, Rafaela h 30 seamstress New Mexico Herran, Ana h 26 housewife farmer New Mexico Castro, Jesus h 5 New Mexico llerras, Jesus h 40 housewife laborer Mexico Castro, Juana h 7/12 New Mexico Herras, Rita h 23 housewife farmer New Mexico Castro, Brijida h 27 housewife farmer New Mexico Herras, Serafina h 6 New Mexico Chaves, Juana h 17 housewife shepard Mexico Herras, Humecinda h 2 New Mexico Chaves, Maria h 20 housewife farm laborer Mexico Jopas, Finacia h 12 blacksmith New Mexico Clark.Concepcion h 17 housewife carpenter New Mexico Jusice, Sarah w 21 housewife carpenter Illinois Clark, Juana M. w 9/12 housewife New Mexico Leon, Ramona E. h 37 housewife farmer New Mexico Cruz, Maria b 13 housewife farmer New Mexico Leon, Librada b 16 New Mexico Cruz, Cannen h 10 New Mexico Leon.Paz h 13 New Mexico Cruz, Maria 0. h 24 house servant New Mexico Leon, Cleofa h 7 New Mexico Daniel, Guadalupe h 20 housewife farmer New Mexico Leon, Magladena h 18 housewife laborer New Mexico Ethnic llusband Original Ethnic Husband's Original Names Origin Age Occupation Occuration Home Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home

Lizarraga, Marijilda h 10 New Mexico Quintilles, Silveria h 24 ironer farmer Mexico Lopez, Refugia h 25 Mexico Quintilles, Juana h 4 New Mexico Lopez, Julia h 10 New Mexico Quintero, Q. h 23 housekeeper laborer New Mexico Marra, Juliana h 18 ironer New Mexico Quintessa, Jesus h 29 seamstress New Mexico Martinez, Gertudes h 53 washerwoman New Mexico Quito, Lorenza h 10 New Mexico Martinez, Concepcion h 23 housewife stockherder New Mexico Ramirez, Jesus h 22 housewife wagoner New Mexico Martinez, Carmen h 30 housewife laborer New Mexico Ramirez, Geronema h 15 New Mexico Martinez, Teofila h 2 New Mexico Ramirez, Maria h 14 New Mexico Martinez, Gertudes h 50 housewife laborer New Mexico Ramirez, Aleja h 18 New Mexico Meyer, Enarnacion h 20 housekeeper clerk Mexico Ramizo, Petra h 73 housewife funner New Mexico Montoya, Gertudes h 44 wash & ironer New Mexico Ramizo, Delores h 18 New Mexico Montoya, Maria h 8 New Mexico Ramizo, Lorenza h 12 New Mexico Moreno, Gertu

Ethnic Husband Original Ethnic Husband Original Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home

Ratos, Teodora i housewife Tapia, Maria Trinufa b 20 seamstress New Mexico 30 farmer New Mexico Ratos, Pilar i Tellez, Manuela b 19 housewife laborer New Mexico 21 New Mexico Ratos, Lucia Tellez, Maria Simon b 45 housewife farmer New Mexico i 15 New Mexico Rilloz, Valentina Tellez, Agapita h 17 New Mexico i 49 housewife farmer New Mexico Rilloz, Felipa Tellez, Maria h 25 Mexico i 24 New Mexico Tellez, Eufeania h 7 New Mexico Rilloz, Carmen i 18 New Mexico Urea, Guadalupe h 90 New Mexico Rilloz, Rosalia i 1 New Mexico Usarra, Manuela h 36 New Mexico Rilloz, Tomasa i 26 housewife fanner New Mexico Valenzuela, Josefa h 64 midwife New Mexico Rodriquez, Anastacia i 11 New Mexico Rosa, Paula Vasquez, Francisca h 19 housewife carpenter Mexico i 25 housewife farmer New Mexico Rosa, Lucia Vasquez, Maria h 30 housewife carpenter Mexico i 10 New Mexico Vasquez, Luz h 7 Mexico Rosa, Macario i 2 New Mexico Rosario, Maria C. Velarde, Josefa h 36 housewife blacksmith Mexico i 37 housewife farmer New Mexico Rosario, Juana Velarde, Chefa h 20 servant New Mexico i 17 New Mexico Santos, Delores Verimundo, Paulina h 26 seamstress New Mexico i 26 housewife farmer New Mexico Santos, Margaria Verimundo, Merced h 5 New Mexico i 3 New Mexico Selorse, Maria A. Wagstaff, Lisca mulatto 26 seamstress Louisana i 33 housewife Govenor of Papagos New Mexico Wallace, Mary w 17 cook Arkansas Selorese, Angel A. i 12 New Mexico Sunega, Catarina Yancy, Ana M. w 20 housewife trader Mexico i 40 housewife farmer New Mexico Sunega, Maria i 20 New Mexico Sunega, Cristina i 30 housewife farmer New Mexico San xa~ii::c n~.Q In~sQill Si::1211::m~c 12 - H. 1860 Tomas, Lucia i 40 housewife farmer New Mexico Aldrela, Crisanta h 21 housewife farmer New Mexico Aldrela, Maria h 8 New Mexico IJvm:[ Sama Cwz. s,11li::mi::01s - A111mst 30. J860 Alderela, Josefia h 5 New Mexico Burry, Caroline M. w farmer Aldrela, Juana h 1/12 New Mexico Davia, Anna M. w farmer Diego, Felipa i 18 housewife New Mexico Pennington, Laura E. w farmer Diego, Guadalupe i 7 New Mexico Pennington, Ann B. w Diego, Maria A. i 5 New Mexico Guaidacar, Angel h 35 housewife farmer New Mexico Jariel, Pilar i 50 housewife New Mexico Gila Cit)'. - Oct~c S - G 1860 Lucas, Lucia h 25 housewife farmer New Mexico Acaide, Juana h 23 housewife miner Mexico Lucas, Carmen h 23 housewife farmer New Mexico Aguaya, Guadalupe h seamstress Mexico Lucas, Anastacia i 25 housewife farmer New Mexico Aguaya, E. h 12 housewife Mexico Martinez, Carmen h 30 housewife farmer New Mexico Aguaya, Gregoria h 6 Mexico Martinez, Jesus b 12 New Mexico Castilla, Vincenta h 4 California Miguel, Guadalupe i 24 housewife farmer New Mexico Castilla, Carmen h 5 California Mora.Jesus i 18 housewife laborer New Mexico Cos, Viviana h 28 housewife farmer Mexico Morales, Ascencion i 18 housewife farmer New Mexico Gonzales, Anarista h 30 housewife California Pinole, Rosa i 25 housewife laborer New Mexico Gonzales, Altagracia b 7 Califonria Rastro, Juana R. i 26 housewife farmer New Mexico lreno, Conception h 35 seamstress miner Mexico Rastro, Refugia i 6/12 New Mexico Ochoa, Barbara h 35 seamstress miner Mexico 142 Ethnic Husband Original Names Origin Age Occupation Occupation Home

Oliver, Jane •· w 18 housewife clerk Tennessee Orosco,C~ h 30 housewife miner Mexico Pina, U. h 25 housewife miner Mexico Redondo, Piedad b 3() housewife butcher Mexico Redondo, Luz h 4 California Woodward, Mary w 16 laborer Massachusetts

143