DhanaOjayarao Gadgll LIbrary III~IIII!III~~ IIIIII~III!IIIIIIIIII '\ GIP~UN:~8~,

GAZETTEER

0' THB

BOMBAY PRESIDENCY

VOLUME IX. PART I.

, POPULATION:

HIND US ..

UNDER GOVERNMENT ORDERS.

. BOMBAY: PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL _PRESS. 1901.

THIS Volume on the Hindus of Gujarat is compiled by BHUIBH ..\.I KIRdRAM Esquire, Talukdari Settlement Officer, Gujarat. 'fwo Appen­ dices A.-THE FOREIGNER a.nd B.-THE GUJAa are added by the Editor.

JA~JES ~1. CA)IPBELL. June lD()l. CONTENTS.

, GUJARAT HINDUS. PAGE CE1iSUS DET.lILB; SETTLEMENTS; CASTES; LANGUAGE ... vii - xiv DWELLINGS; DAILY LIFE; DRESS; FOOD; CASTE ENTERTAIN. MENTS j STIMULANTS AND NARCOTICS; RELlGION ••• xv-xxxvi Section I-Brabmans: Settlement i Census Details ••• 1 - 3 Subdivisions: Abotis: Anavalas; Audichyas; BMrgavs; Bhojaks ; Borsadas; Chovisas ; Dadhichs ; Desavals; GayavaIs; Gimins; Gomtivals; Guglis; Barsolas; JambuB i JhaJoras; KaIatiyas; Kandoliy~s ; Kapils; Kbadayatas; KhedavlHs; Mevad4s; Modhs; Mot8.las j NMldoras j Nagars; Nandvanas j NapaIs; Paliv&ls; Parajiyas; Parasary4s; Pushkarnas; Rajgors; Ravals j! ' Rayakvals; RayathaIas j Rundhvals; Sachoras; Sajodras ; Sarasvu.ts j Sarthipuras j Shevaks; Shrigauds j Shrimalis; Sompuras i Sorathiyas j Tapodhans; Udambarasj Unevals; Vadadras; Valams i Vayadas; Vedants; Vyas 4 - 20 Appearance; Dress; Occupation i The Village Priest or G hamot j The Reader or Purani; The Preacher or Hardas; The Divine or Shastri; The Astrologer or Joshi; The rilgrim's Priest or Gor; The Bather's Priest or Tirthva.la; 'Wandering Alms-askers; House Work iCon. dition ; Religion ...~. 21 • 30 Customs: Pregnancy, Birth, Thread-girding, Marriage, Death ...... ••• 31·50 ~outhorn Brahmans: The Telang; The Dakhani ... lil - fit Section II-Writers:

Brahma..Kshatris: History) App~arance j Language; Cus- toms ••• , .. 55 - 5;) Kayasths: Subdivisions; SetUement; Appearance; Dress; 9ccupation; Customs ••• -, 59 - 67 Prabhus ...... ••• ,., 68 112181-.4. CONTENTS. Secti~i-Traders : fAGK Subdivisions.and Census Details ...... 69

MESII RI VANIA S: Agarvals; Chitrodas; Desavals; Didus j Gujjars; Hal'soJas; JhAro}{1s j Kapols; Khaday80tas j La.ds; J\:[ev.1d.1fij Modhs; Nandorasj N agars j Narsipurasj Nim:is ; Osva-ls; Porvads; Rayakv6.ls; Shrimalis j Sorathiyas; Ummads; Vayadas ••• 70 .. 73 Appefl.rauce; Speech; House; Food; Dress; Orna.Jllents ; Charactcr ••• •... 74·76 Occupation: Village l'raderj :Banker; Book Worship j .Account Books ... • •• 77-81 Daily Life; Religi.on j Customs: Birth, Betrothal, Marriag~ Pregnancy, Death; Community ; Prospec~8 ••• 88· 95

bHRAVAK OR JAIN V.ANI.AS (local): Subdivisions: 1\Ievadas i Narsipuras i Nimas j Osvals; Porvads; Shrima.lis; Ummads ... • •• 96-97 Appearance; Food j Character i Customs ... ••• 98 -102

:MARVADI SHRAVAKS: Settlement; Callings j Customs; Community... ••• ••• • •• 103 .. 10S.

JAIN RELIGION: Asoetics; Sadhvis or Nun! j Gor'jig or Friars ; Gachhas (Bodies)! Shripujyas or Abbots; Templesj Monasteries j Holidays; Saint-Wheel Worship; Ani-

mal Home.... OM ••• 105 ·115

BHANSALIB i BHATIAB; LOHANAS; DEPLA! •••116 -122

Section IV-Raj puts : Strength; Chiefships; Divisions: Chavadas; Chohans; Chudasamas j Gohils j ; Jethva15; Jhalas j Parma.rs; Rathods; Sisodiyas ; Solankis; Vaghelas ... • •• 123· 129 .". rrf'tuance ; Speech j House; Dress; Character; Calling; Condition; Food; Daily Life; Religioll ••• • •• 130 - 137 Oustoms! Birth; Sun Worship j N a.m.ing; Mango Blos· SOm' Fir§lt-feeding j Hair-clipping; Girding; Betrothal; J\Ian:iage j Sword-Marriage; Pregnancy; Death ... 138.151

Section V-Husbandmen: Censns Details: K~cbhias; Kanbis: Dress, Occupation, Condition, Religion, Customs ••• ... ••• 152 .. 162 Kanbi Subdivisions t Xnjanas; Dangis j Kadvas; Lev8-s; Matias ••• ...... •.. 163 .. 171 Mal!s ; . Ptlotelias; Sagars Sathvaras ,.. CONTENTS. iii

Section VI-Craftsmen: 'PAGE Census Deta.ils; Divisions; BMvsars; Chhipas i Darjis; Oaliaras ; GMnchis j Gola.s ; Kl1diyas ; Kansaras ; Khatl'is ; KumbMrs; Luhars; Mochls; Sala.ta; Sa.lvis; Sonis; Suthlirs... ••• ••• ... 177 - 206 Section VII-Bards and Actors: Census Details: Bhats; Security System; Traga or Self- sacrifice; Customs ... ••• ••• ... 207 .. 213 Charans: Sections and ClaDs; Dress; Occupation j Security System; Religion; Customs ••• • •• 214 - 221 Gandhraps; Targa.Ia.s or Bhavaylf.:I; TUN... ••• 222 - 2:.!7 Section VIII-Personal Servants: Census Details; Dhobhis; Hajams; Khavas ... 228 - 23G Section IX-Kolis : Census Details; Name; Origin; Divisious-Chunvaliyas; Khllnts; Patanvadiyas; Talabdas; Barhl.s j Dalvadis; Gediyas ; Shials; Vahlkiya'!...... 237 .. 244: Appeara.uce; House; Dress; Food; Occupation; Religion; C(lstoms ••• ••• ... , •• 245 .. 251 Section X-Ka'this: . , Settlement; Religion; O(lstoms; History; Sub-divisions ••• 252 .. 263 Section XI-Herdsmen: Census Details; .A'.hirs; Babrias; Bha.rvads: Appearance; Dress i Food; Religion; C(lstoms ; 'Vedding 01' Jang ..• 264 .. 285 }Jers i Habaris: S(lrnames; Subdivisions; Religion; Cus- toms ••• ••• ••• .., '0' 285 - 289 Section XII-Early Tribes:

Census Details; Odgin; Language; Appearance; Food j Occupation; Religion; Customs; Community ••• 2:)0 • 203 Bhils: History; Divisions; Appearance; House; Furm- ture; Dress; Ornaments; :Food; Occupation j Charao- ter; Religion; Fosti vals i Customs; Community ••• 291· 81 ~ Chodhras j Dhundias; Dublas; Gamtas; Katbodias; Kol. ghas; Konknis; Mings j N8.iks; Naikdas j Varlisj Vitolias. 312. 3.W

Section XIII-Depressed Classes: .., Census Details; Appearance; House; Food; Position; Religion i Custom.s ••• ••• • •• 331· 333 if' CONTENTS.

Bhangias or Olganas: DreBs; Food; Occupation; Reli- gion; Customs ••• • •• 334 .. 337 Dhedas: Divisions; Snrnames; Appearance; Position; Dress; Occnpation; Re \iglon; Customs ••• • •• 338 - 343 Garudas; Khalpas; Sindhvas ,...•• 844 - 347

Section XIV-Religious Beliefs:

ELEMENT WORSHIP: Water: The Sea; Rivers; Pouds; Springs; Wells j Rain Worship; Rain Forecasts ... . •. 348·855 Fire and Wind Worship ••• ••• .., 356 - 358 TOMB AND STONE WORSHIP ••• ••• • •• 8:;8 - 364 Dlf~EA8E WORSHIP: Cure by rilligions rites; Healing Shrines; Du,l'l'enness; Sma.ll-pox ..... 365 - 87l A 1\ 1 MAt WORSHIP: Cow; Bull; Buffalo; Horse 1 Elephant; Ponkey ; Goat; Dog; Cat; Monkey; Tiger; Deer; Bear i Hat; Mungoose; Serpent; Spider; Frog; Alligator;. Lizard; Ant; Cock; Dove; Peacock; Owl; Cuckoo; Kingfisher; Crow _.... ••• 372 .. 382 PLANT WORSHIP: Xmli; .A:.nkdo; NsopaIaT; ~sindro; Bibul; Bel; Champo ; Chandan j Darbha ; Daro; Ka"kadi ; Kadamb; Karen; Kel; Khakharo; Kharsani; Limbdo; N arieli; Pa1aspiplo; Piplo; Sakarkolll; Shami; Sopari;· Tulsi; U mb~r; Vad... • •• 382 • 388 RILL WORSHIP: Sacred Hills '*... ••• 388 - 339 GRAIN WORSHIP: Harvest Forecn.sts; Rice; Wheat; Indian Millet; Maize; Barley; Gram; Adad, Sesame ••• 389 - 891 PLANET WORSHJP: Sun; Eclipse; Moon; Mars; Mercury; Jupiter; Venus; Sa.turn; Earth; Comets; Stars ... 392.405 OFFERINGS; OMENS; EPIDEMIC SCARING ••• • •• 406-41& SPIRIT POSSESSION: Sfirits; Exorcism; Witchcraft ; •• 416 .. 430

Appendix A-The , Foreigner:. A~issi{\!}. among Bra.hmans, Kshatriya8, Traders, Lower classes; Arrival and Distriblltion ••• ••• ... 483.455 The Horde: Tribe Names; Stock Names; Gathering; Mov- ing; Melting i After M.elting; Interlacing of Tribe and Caste DivisiollS ,.. .t...... 455- 465 .Appendix B-The Gujar! The Name: Georgian.; Ghozz; Ku.shAn. Kedara i Jue-Jne;

KhazD:l' It" H' _'.' h, 469 .476 CONTENTS.

FAG) History: Traoes-On way to India; In India j Bey6nd India. 477 ·4SP Distribntion: Ordinary Gujare; Special Gujars; Stock Gnjars; Lost Gnjars j Pnnjab Surnames ••• ... 481 ~ 49~ Results: Bhila a.nd KoUs; Graziers; Cultivators j Craftsmen; Traders; Sailors; Soldiers; Brahmans; Gods ... 4911. 50~ Appendix O-Miscellaneous : I. Castes: Bajanias; Bhois; PadhariAs ; Pa. vayas; Rhalias; Thoria; Vaghris ...... 503 .l)}R II. Seafaring Classes: Machhis; Dhimars; Kharvas; Vaghers; Kolis; SangMrs; Piraoy ... ••• 519.Ii~N III. Religious Sects: Plaoces of Pilgrimage .oo 530- n,)O INDEX.

n \1tq: Skythhn9. conquered Panj,~b and AG.\'R: town of Agarv,l.ls, 10. A ~inllh (second century B.c.), are represcnted AGARV.hs: Vltuiis, xi. note 3, 70. fly .J.lts and Meds, 265 note 2. AOHAR'II: see Pl'~aney. ABld; l~EYlT!.L: Ellropelln writer (A.D. 3160), AGKORIS: order of 811aiv ascetics, 543- 'is note 1. XGIO VAITAL: Fire Demon,4::l2. A I!J>ULI~: AfgMn tribe, took the ome of A.G'II: ele17l('nt. 356, see .Fire; goa, deity p~­ D.lr.illi~, 4:>9. siding over light, 3tS. A aUk \ SING ft: ~JILIHtraja, Viceroy of Gujar&t AGSIROTIIA: fire sacrifice, fire used in, 356. (t D. ]7&0·1733), 1:!8. ~nm - Ar.lll1a: trl\( t in Uppcr Si.m!h j Western AG!lIKULAS: Fire elan Rajputs, four tribes of. t;O!\~t ilf In.ha from tlaa T.il'ti to Devgad, raise •• to be HaJputs by re-birth in fire-pit trlLce~ of Xhirs vru,er\erl in, 2f);) and note 2. on 1.10un1; XLu, were Uurjjans or members A illl 111.8' C' 0\\ b ,'It},; of a Dc ient Hindu writings, of grea.t horde of which GurJj.1f1lo \\ as one 2Gt 1I.1Itl note 1. ~~'C Xhirs. of tbe lea.d to Ka,\va Kanbis, surnames, 265 and note S; appearance. HiS; to Leva KanlilB, 167, 1'PJukd.iri Set- dress, 265; customs, 266; their affinity . Uelucllt, 134. with X"this, 261; c101lely connected Wltb , ACTORS: BE'O R·mIs. Gujars, strong Gojar element in, 497, {99. AOAD: grain, i~ sacred to Saturn and llana­ ~ee Herdsmen. man; is' usell ill sp rit scaring rites, 391. NHIRVADA: tract in Central India, 264 note 2. AllHIIA: inttlr'Cl\lary month j obscr,-ances in, ARIS: or Nags (serpt'nts), 15 note 1; 264. note 5. 29, 1:'\5. ABlIRDABAD: city, iuudent attacheJ to tlle : .Kull'da: SunJav,393, e~tion of, by .Abmedsbah, 243 Dote 3; A (00 BlfAVANY: invocation of goddess Bhav4nir mallsoleulDs of Mnsalman saints at, 168. ' XxXV. j 507.. XI THANSI: sister of slIIall-pox gl)(\, stone l1DYA: goddcas, shrine of, at Halvad. 13G. imago ~r, offerings walle to, 372. a 2181-70 INDEX.

KIN-I-AxBARI t Gladwiu's, 208 note S; 433 A:B1.VALl.s: Bd.hmans. 1, 4; tandholden and note 2; 496 note S. cultivators of south Oojarllt, I, 4. 152 J AxALIS: Sikh Immortals, gained rank as strength and di,tributiou, 3; ongl. of Brahmans, 43'S_ nlLme ~ are known .. .M bta.na and RllAthel4.. A:K.A8AMUKh IS: ot'der of Shaiv ascetics, 544- explllnation of tho terma, 4 and DOks 1 and 2. KKJ.sEl : or Ether, an element, 3-18, traditional 0llg10, created by Ram. other AKBAII.: Empel'or, belief about, 442. accounts, 4--5 ; their religion, char.cu-r, occu­ AKHATRlJ : of Ak8haya~1',tiva, boliday. 23 Dote pation, 6; social divisions intI) D·tctSi and 6; 66; 157; 170; 269; 313; 336; day for Bh.dlhela; po .. ition, wealth, and power worship of bull, 374. enjoyed by the ])eJJtiis, 5·6 I their lutlil or kKHLO: Nandi or godh", t:hi.'. cllnie', 374- plougbllJen; condition J polygamy lallowed AKHO: celebtated. l:iolli metaphysician af Ah­ and p,actised by. 6 i are aU 0,..Aa.t4, 0., medabad, 201. la,rmen, 2,5. Ax-KIIAZAB s or Falr Khazllr. division of Kha- . ANA'fAWBHANA: 0., longing-soothing, Vcdia zars; said to be White B~s; their appear­ rite, 31 note 8. See Gllrbha Hakllh"na. ance, 418• 'xNDHRA: or Tailang Brall111an8, 8ubdivillion of .AnnA Y ATRITIYA: see AkMtrij. the Dd"id gr,lUp of Brabmo..na, 1 uote 1. .!LAlf ALBANl.br: BUl)a gateoi, one of the Cas­ AWIlIAL: 101M,1I5. See Panjrl\poL WorlAip. pian gates, 473 Dote 4. 372-38? See WorshIp. ALRERUBI I (A.D. 1030), 435 note 10 ; 443 Dote l1XJAWA: Kanbis. See Kanbis. 1; 449 note 1 J 450 note 7 I 477 notes 3 and AWJAXSALAXA: ceremony of installing .. new " 4i8 and nok" 8 ~ 480 and note 2 i 485 note idol. performance of, III n •. te 1• 't 489 note S; 49l note D. .8NKDO: swaU6wwort tree, it ocri'd to tIle ALBxufDaR: the Great, DCt'epted as god-born sun: its ft.owers Ilra favonrite offeringt to conqueror, 441 ; hiB 8scriticcs to rivers, 446 • HannmAn and Oanpati; .. maD'. marriage pf')uo..ble date of his entering tndia, 455. with the bUlih or, called a,..hit"a4a. 383. ALl KA 'UllAN: tidhi, 'l'urkish tr weller, his ANNAPR •.\sBANA: food· tasting, VelJie rite, II notice of lih9.ts as safeguards, 210 note 1. note 3 ; also called Butan, 35. See Botao. ,ALt.AHiB1D: city, prince of tirlluu, rellgiously A~T: is helel sacred, 8S0. called Prayag, 650; place of pilgrim<'ge, 157 ; ANTAROAL: hydrocele, cure of, 365. 1GB; 176 ; 220. Xp: 800 Water. ALLIGATOR: Malar, ridden by a witch. 380.: ApARAJITA: that is Unbeaten, .hami tree, 386 .. ~HA: Vaisya. chief (A.D. 743), Oswal, said to See Shami. have beeil descetided from. 4(/6. APARANTlKA: Konkan, 447 note 7. AxA,: no-moOl' day, 397. APABA.RAB: Jain mOllll8kriClt, 110; description AlHBA I goddeslJ, 20, 64, 196, 213, See AmMji. of. 113. See BuiMinga. AMBA BHA.yANI: goddess, fa.vourite deity, the ApPEARANCE S of A ''''1'''' 265, BII;anitl., §O3, ideal mother, XXlI. v., xxxvi.; other names Bhangios, 334; Bkarrad" 267; BluUiri... AmbR., AmMji; consort of Shiv, 220; Durga. It7 and note 7 • BlI.dt •• 208; Blat:a!la., 2i!2 J wvrshipped at oKrasur 118. 301 note 2; shrme BAils, 295 - 296 ; Braflof1w-KIlAaln., 56; of, on Monnt .Kbut xi., 649; invocatiun of, Jirtihma1t8, 21; ChdralU, 216; ChodJu·ti., XXlrV. 812; CraflameM, Bhavsars. 177·178, ('''hhiJla .. AJ4.B.(JI: goddess. 177 , IJhrine of, ] 87 l Darjis, li9, GMnl.'his. 182, GolAs. 183, performance of bhavdis at, 223 note 1. Place Kansaras, 186, Khatrls, 189, Luhars. 1oo. of pilgrimage, 157. 2lo, 333, 341. fee AmbA. Mochhl, 192, t'atats, 198, Sou is, 198. llha\ani. !'uth4ra, 202; Deprf.,s;ed cUu.tJI, s.'U; AXBBBN.ATH : temple of, near Kalyd.n, 4S0 Dhedas, 339; Ea,.l!! Tribe,. 291; (Jamit" note 4- 818; KaoAMds. 16.1; K",wu, 155, J 63. .A:)t:BROI: kidney disease, its eale, 365. )64, 168; Kat" .. , 257; K4thodiM, 319 J AMBO: BharvAd holl' ma.n or bhagat, 269. Ka!jOOM. 00; KUlpa', 345; Kolt" 245 J .tMBO: mango tree, worship of, by women; !,oMlta', 122 ; MaTtr/., 323 ; MJ,.W!ari"l03 I leaves and buds of, held to be the arrow of Me", 2~; NJi1:da., 325; PoJeiid.3. J 72; god Madan. 882. RaMri8, 281; Rajpuu, 130; Rdl1aliOl, 508; ,8.XLI: tree, wife of Brahm't much hauuted by &rdl1a"-, 98; J"'agl"i.,513; JTdni4 .. ,74 75. 'pints, worship of, 882. ARAB: Muso..lmliD8, their arrival in India, 45. J AxlCl. KUDAGA8: of the Kaven river, raised lleftrellCU, 439, 441 nata l. to be Br4hmanl\ 436. ARU: or EarfUl, piles, e"ll'e of, ss$. AlHMU.Ntt8 MA.BOBI.LIlItrS: IOldier-historian. A.uvALI: pas., d. 437 Dote 2. ARGKU: oJfering of handful of water to ~ AlfAGNITRA: ~ple keeping 110 sacred tire, 4t7. .un,893. ' ANABAI.Al'l1lto: 'heritage of 8olankl, 44Q note Sa ARGIl'l'Al:t: Skythian holymen, 438. 4SS. ARHAT! t saints. 100. AIUUltAVAD4 'PATAN: ancient capital of Gllj&rl1t. ix., 124., 479, 480, 488, 489 note 1. A1UUA: i. Her£\, 455. .,KIUNDAPURA: or Knartta.pura, Vadll1lgar ARKVIVARA: sun-marriage, object oft 383. ldentified with., 13 note 1,14. See Vadnagar. See Xnkdo. .A:N"ABTTAPORA; 800 8nandapura. AllNI: elaater of three starll, fo~ 01. rain ~ •AN.(v4I4: villa~e neaf Sllrat, hot springs near, the disappearanee of. 851• 1, ~ "auDItA: mansion, 3.)2. - INDEX. 553

.IaTAN'S: UjliMratt or bright coloured race, AVARS: Jue.Jllo 01' l'ultn·Jn4n hordo identi­ chief' cl&&let! cf; object of worship; early fied with; a strongly Chinese tribe of the belIefs, x. J early sct'lements; land routes sa.me name, 461; 471 ; 474 note 8. See Jub­ by which they entered GUJarat, d.; sacred Juan. spots from which the stem caste's take their AVARTIAs: or Avarthiva, inferior section of na~e8, xi. and. note 1 ; chief new settlements. KAtbis, BAbrih for'm subdivision of, 261, xi. and note 2; later immigrant.&, xi. and note 444 note 2; strong JuAn-Juan or Av'&r a; social ra.1\~, xiv. element in, 462 note 2. See K'this. J:.J;",: Blul r'hi.ef, sa.id to bve given protection AVATARS incarnations of Vishnu, doctrine of; to Rajputs s~aillst }lusalm6.n kings (A..D. literal meaning of I Ram and Knshna mOllto 1403·14.13) ; father of Teja. whom AbmedsMh worshipped incarnations of ViI,hnu, 630, 531, Im'ed, 243 note a. Xhir ruler of Asirgadh, 532. ::iee Vishnu. 264. AYODBY.A.: lJlace of pilgrimage, 64.9. J:.J;UURSA: or A.'iIHlp"ri. Lope·filler or wish­ filler, goddess, guardian-mother of CboMns, 4S' and note 1. ABA DBv: clay image of a horse and rider, Ash" A : or ASlh ai, old site of Ahmed-ibM city, B) worshipped by Bhils, 292. 2-\3 11~ 3 ; suburb of Ahmedab,ld, IGS. BABRIAS: or Rnbars, eonnectltlg link betwOOD ASA" AL: or A shAval, site of the city of Ahmed­ Kltthis and A'hirs; tbeir marriage COUIJOO­ ib,\d, in the hands of a Bhil chief, its tiona with both tribes, 261; Hmd6"mfJII, importauce notll'Ct\ by Alberuni, by Edrisi, closely allied to the A'hirs, ::66 J ol'l!,rin of tLe 213 note 3, 294 and note 5. ~eo ASlirva. name, a subdivisiun of the Avartia &ection of A'IfETIC"I: .shalv, seven I,ri!!cipai ordcrJ of­ the KKthi~, 4t4 note 2 i Musalman prisoners Dandlll, or San!lris;a, 512; Para1llahaMaQa, of war enrolled among, 4U • ..-1y'\urla. Yogis. 543; Ja/lgama-s. or Linga­ BABaL: tree, f~vouritQ spirIt-haunt, worship !lILta, Ul'dh", 1Idkll8, ..!'ka-mf1l"l:ItiJl, 514. of,383. 81111\\·o.k. three classed of-Sadla"", Sdd4vis, B..lu-tTL-Anw.lB: cit,'I, 475 note 1,476 note 1; anti Gl.lrjl4, 10G-109. the sea of, -171 note 4. &UIIUI : recruited from vious Shravaks,106 • BA.D GUJABs: or Bir-Gujars, special class of illi.tiJ.t~llg ceremony, 106 -107 ; dress, 101 ; Gujars, meaning of the name; helu to 1 If da.ly hfa. 107·108; movements in the f&ir Hajputs, claim descent from Lav the son of season; duties, 108. Rdm ; tbe divine Krishua born in the class of, Sddarl': or nuns, recruitment; of, initiation; 476,4tJ2 al1u notes 9 and 1(.\ See GUJar. dl't's8,108. BADIUKE{)AR; place of pilgrixr.age, 157: 549- QQI',IIS: reoruitment of, init;atorv eere:Ilon;r, BAlIV.A8: Bhilblagatl, devotees Rnd exorcists, IUS; dress; observances by- a. strict GorJ'l, held in s~ecial reverence by Bhils ; Incanta­ W~ . tions ; dutlet! : part playt'd by them in exorcism A':'lHAPURI : godJe'ls, xxxvi.; Northllrn, chief and witchcraft a in jatars tt pacrificS!s; shriue of, in Ka\.hh, wor~bipped by J4dej.ls Kd;altYG or black Bl\dvas specially skilful in 136 ; .. f ..lan-a. ncar P,tl.l<.l, bmlly deity of finding out. witches, 302 30d ; 307 and nCJte 1. Ll1d V.\niis, 7'1.. Boo A' .. Upurua. Sec Bhtl... ASHAv AL: see .As.\val • BiollJI: founder of Bhagaravat Gujars, WII. .A: S' !iIlRO: tree, is WQrshippc'i by women, by born with a tlger's hel\d and a man's body. rar\y tribes, ss·~ story of bis ma.rr\age wit}.t. gi.rls of different ASII\.: goddess, 200. cast"6S, 4087. AS'OK&.: (8 O. 250), belief about, 441; builds BAHIIA: the West Pan jab. 4..,{9 note 5. two sh.. ines to his name, 480 note 4; 0147 note n-'.UIIlAil: apparently the S'aka.s of tbe second 1. or fir"t century before Christ; their priests, As'oKBs'",:a: shrine built by As'oka, 430 note 4. admitted to be Brahman!!, 439; theIr traces XSJPi..LAV: tree, wor .. hippetl by Slta; is wor­ remain in Valkel Br'hmans, 439 note 5. shipped by women and uEowly ma.rl'ied girls, BiBkOTS: see Bh.it8. 383. BAUUCHARAJI : or Mahuchr!\, 9odd688, favourite ASrIlu: Naga cbief, cOll8iJlI'ed the best of ddty. xx"(v., XlXvi. ; 2t>, 29 and noto 1 J 5;0.J n",hm&lls, 403~. also known as Bcl..baraJi or Bechara; Ol'lgl­ ASTBOLOU Eli.: see J oehi. Dally a Cbaran wonlan, becomes a. d't"- by ATHTIlA.VlS[: old division of Surat District, her self·sacrifice; probably an old Koh god· 60. fL.'ss xxxvi.; 2.16 note I, 218, 277 Dote AUDlOR: Brahmans. See Audicbya. 1; head quarters of the worship of, in ~he AtTDICIIYA: Br!thmans, said to be immigrants Chund,1, 216 note I, 223; home of•. SbJlllO from Upper Iutlia., 2; strength and distribu­ (,f, ix., xi.; 549; cock the ca.rner of. tion, 3 I tradltiolllu account of their arrival 380 i h"aling shrme of, frequented. by tbe and settlelllellt ill Gujar't; subdivisions i flick. 365, Sliu; by pilgl"'ims. 187 ; speClIl.lmode muns of livelihood, 6· i. of offering tm animal to, 407; performan,>e& AUI:!-A.DIUDUlPA.TI: the moon, S97. of Mot)(us oJ' comedies by BhavltyltB at. t.he AVALOKITESVARA.: stat_e of, toltt S'ri Harsha. trmplfl of, 2~3 note 1 ; worshil)pers of, lS2, tho story of his fO:lller birth. 4j,1. 213, 506. 507 ; Place of pilgrimage, 157.187. A:vARO: jourual, account book, F3 i contents 2~5, 336 i the 1 0 ~d led,;e or n&atl, of ~w, of, 81, Soo llooki (Account). • Bharvads at, 2.7'1 .. INDEX.

BAJA1II'IAS : musicians, raIred Dbalis or Drum.. BARGAlN': w('(,lIlIlty for h'l.ving a BOll Oil ]IAJ,AL DE\ I. gorld(ll~' Oflg'llttlJy a Chamn roligious grouu,ls, 866 aacl note 1. ml'an~ W()lllllU, iJeconlP' It rlevt by sell-sacrificc, is adupted to get rid of, 30G-367; l·i:Ci, S()l f \\ulsh:pperl at lI:1.ka1l.ul1, 2 ~6 note l. DalDO of male child born after pcrfOrlll&llc Vald.bhis. SeeVal4s. rites to gc:t rid of bllrrunll0ll3, a67 -:lGS. SeQ BAL\J~EgS: dIsease. its cure, Sb5. Dlsease. ifALEV : cocoanu.t day, leadin~ Hindn holida.y, BARSAKH: door-post, setting up ceremony 01. tho 8('1\ WOt'ohippcd on, 23 :BOte i> J 170; 2040 173 ; a~6. B!.SIL THRBAD: see Ka'lthi. EALTAK.\ KA : see Salad Kl1ka. lIAl'EliRUS: t.ribe of Bra.hman.. in KangTa, • B.u,KII· sun·wordhip introduced mto India note 2. frOlIl, till. SeeBaktliJ. BAl'IIlNG: day. sacred forI in riYer,e, 29, Bt!); R{LOll .MilES; lllghest d!Vi.ion of Mers, appa­ j'l 8(,'3, 349.. rently the same IllS the Balas 01' rulers of BAI'&' UIIO&: tomb of', at Rlta.npllol'; origin of J Valahhi, 494, and note 2, beliefs about. R;.\yan tree clol:ltl to, 361. t::lle BANAHAS: H"na'."csor K-tshij temple ()f Vislt­ Tumb. veshvar at, 5411 , pla.ce of l)ilgrilllage, 119',157, BAVA V ALA,: KJI,thi freebooter, cO"lflncment ~n 164,lG8, 115, 213, 220,2~5 ~he Gi'r of CaIf..am Gra.nt by, 254. 2;)5 ami BANOEVI. housc-",uardlan of Bhatana Gujar~I' n )to 1; song in honour 01, z.J6 and noto 1. hea.ll-quartcrs of, ne,IT Bikanir, 483. S.!e Kathis. BANDHlVAR: bondsman's dd.Y, Wo;dnesda.y so R1 VA.N JI~ALI DBIJRAs: ShraV!l.k temples, 110. called,4 2. Be ~L: BuJJhist Records by,4i3J. notes 3, 4., S, Q; BAt'ER. Val~itt. his private dwelling-house, BBAJI.: 378. :x vii. ; \lULl! V Hletl fn-ulllyof, management of the llEllHAltA. or B)ch'\c:\j', gOll,less, known ae. fMUil V • pl.1Ce of b'lSUle.,s or ""lelusl', wOl'king Btlm,'ha,·aji. tee &UII("\uraji • . of the dtlice, head of tho firm, 79, t-l; olh,'" BlnIUKAJI: g()(itlP'h. t-ee lMhu·hariji. estahh"hlUent, 79; IIopplenticei or shd.. du B'Ea~i\fOQ": Var",hra.n V. thuS~uian, 4.7 (ihohas, theIr dutIes, 79 - 80; m~nta; n ,to 2 . 471 • 472 • 474 ealeulatiou, bl~ilI !llxle,·,l by Ovingtoll ; BI£" : hill' tree, home'of l'a.rvlIoti, c~ncd lIl.riuak-­ , lHrgllin-W'ords used by, 81); pal and daties sntl, worship of, 3133. of the establishment, 80-82. See Va.uits. 13li"UlFa: Earl/l, xuiv. ; B(NSDA: State, Solanki Rail1l1t ilollse in the Evtl e!le illiluence of, 421, 427. 4~S. belk.f:f Surat Di.trict, 129. in, am;ng cl'aftRmen, 185-, 195, 233; hus- RAPPA: called Vappa., founder of the Oobils b:J.l,}dOlCn, 157, 17&. SJO Wlt~hei. . • or Hisodll\s. IS saId to have been rccf'iv3.417-420; babel:! Ill, the rJ.uk of Kl!lll~triyas, 4'36 note 1; 491uote 8lDoln'" BJ.rds and Actors, :lU, 2lu, 225; 3; llis migration from Vabbbi to Chitor, Ct:~ft:men,17d, 18" 182', IS5, H)~, 1~t., 126; Cd.ptllfOd Clutor, 49 j. note 8; founus a. un; HluLoodmeu, HH, 17.Z, 113,11-1. ~ee KJII",lom at iJhitor, 4!).3 note 3. Spirits. _ BAPTISM: Fll'e, on Mount A:bu, 4'33, 431; a Omena, gcnd, 138, popular initia.tion, 449 note 4. See Fire. 40:)-410; 410·411; bad BARABIJ: or barblj, th4t moon, a. BhilBwea.rs 13~, 4U·Ua; b~heh in, among IhrJs "'Id by, 301 and not.; 3, 396. Actors, 213, 2.20. 22.:; ; Craftsm,>n, 178. 181,lS2, 1M, Hl1, lVi, 1~13. 20.); Hne!:'&nd­ BA&4.1'I'A.: or NArayan, grea.t trade centre near Jaillur. a OUl'jjara capital, 48\l: man, 104, 11)7, 16 Jr, 112, J 73, 174.,11 u; Per­ sonal servant". 2JO, 23); R~jputs, 137. lU.RAN BALIANs ~ I;-¥,elve lnereus, wOoI'sbipped Soot/tll',J,!ling, bdicfll in. among P..ajpnts, 137. ,by Vanias on the .welft.h day a.fter bir~h of a. chUd, 69. Sr»"081'/J, belitlfll in, among DJ.rJiJ and Acto~ 213, 22;), 2Zi>; Husblllimen, 1510, ta7, 1M, BUBARA: demon, defeated by Siddha.ra,h, serves SiddllarAJ3 afoor his dtlfea.t, his fol­ 172, 174, 175, 2(}3; Per.waa.1 Ben'auts, 230. lowers forced to be~ome Hindus. 413,4141 233. lI.ud note :!. Spi,.it" 4.to-4t7; beliefs in, among RljpatJ" llA.RDS AND ACTORS: CenS1l1l det..'\i.ls. 207; 137 ;' Kolis, 2J,7 ; early tribe", :W!. 3.Jl. nve cl.tSses-Bhli.ts, 2)7;. Charans, 2~41 Spil'it-poueniolJ, US-4.2j ; beliefd ill, among G&ndhr.1p~J Bhavayas, '!22~ TIlrisI :::25. Kolis, 21;7.. Sea Spirit•• INDEX.

lriMwrajr, 302 303. 425-430; beliefs in, BR.lRV.c:.DS: Shepherds. strengtb and distri­ alUOI1~ Bards and Actors,2~, :!2:;,2~, 233 j butiou, 261., 267 j origin, 267 i Slll'namcs, 267 Cmftsmen. l1S, 181. 182, 185.191, 194, and __ ote 1; appeardonce, 261; dress, 261· 196, ~U5; Husbllllll'Rca, L57, 1GIo, 173, 263; fo,)J; religion.-followers of mal as, 175 i Itlljputa. 137. 8.Je Wit,'hes. 268; festlvdl d.l)s, customs, 269; account BELIEFS: Rel.giutI8, xxxiv., 31S·43l). of llht\r.:i.d Jan~ or Shepherd WedJing at 13.cSAKB3: see lbnu·,". KbeJs.J,ra. 270·285. llBS1INCI':: Lord Wiliia.ID.suppression of widow BIIHiKKA: founder of Valahbi dynasty, 419, jnll1. .;.I:l.t~(;a by, 3~S. 492; Wd.8 a MlI.itmka, r.lihi1'3, or Mer, 49.5. BBK1UN: or iJra/tmalt, Persians styled their ElfA:rH&L.\s: division of Ana\·ala. Brahmans. M.l;hs or ex~-e\lcncies as, 4.~O note 4.. &'6 Anav.uas. DET UWAR.U.: place of pllgriUlago, 10, 119; BHUHELI: class of peasant Bribmaus in ell.\ p \i e~ t .... bll>lhed a.t, -idS notes I) aOO 8. See Et\Via Di'Mict, 4. note 2- UklulmJ.ntial. BilATI.iS: Tr-d.; d_',ent from Shlliv 116; their movements llHAIJLI: dl\u;;htl!r of Ughad, a MArw4r abtro­ au'\ sett.lement ill Kachh. K..Ltliilivdd, Gujdr,lt. luger, 351. Bomb,lY; Divisions, Habis amI Kachhis, BIJADIU.8IDDlJA: Hindu a~cetic, B.>rsad Bt.411- suh,l!vbIOD3 into Visas and Das,\s, 117; W.lns claim descent from, 1. l; note 1. BuHa ill, 117 and now 6 ; appearance, 117 aad BH~GAkAVA'fS: lli\ision of Gujnsof Ajmer, note -; i char1l.cter, occupatlOlI, 118 note 1;. hbtory of tldr origin, 487. &>e Gnj-t,r. RelIgion, are Vai~hnav:l, 118; places of, IhuG!Ts: holy men lUll 111~ BIM.llllla!!, 33G; ptlgril1l'l.ge; m'lrjad.s in; Cltgtlm£~, Birth. B4"rvads, 269; D~(da,. 3n 1 Depressed Chh.~thi w01"3hip;' Hdtan, 119 j lletrothal,l20; cla')el!. 3.13; E-lrlg Tribes, 293, 30:; Go/ai, ~brriage, 1 lD, l:W, 121. &.'\! Tmders. lS5, Krichhia:s,15J, ;.Vo~liiy, 191. ;SQIli.,2JI. BltA:rIS or BIUl..tLis: lYjputs, probably of DlI ..\nAv'\T~ PUllAN: authoritative text-book Turkish origin, 1 ~9, 4.J.6 nut~ 4, 4d'l; said to of Vallahh.l~11'1·) all 8ml. ;-vliminir..Lyen soctd, bo Gujars iu WCltt; lHrwar and Jolts in the dL"\IC'lltt'! of, 207; true.... s of Br,\hlllsn Eli \UVAU GIl" : or sou~ et'lcstLll, is revered as origill, 21.17. 438; scttlt·meuts or vadaa; the wort! of GUll, 53!. 0'00 Kplc$. clln~ or s;akkJr; p"r-;ou'll na.mes; surnames; Bu 1G\A.NI AL: l'''llIh~, 151. note 1 ; 433 nottll j tlvdve di\j"iolls. :!01; appl'arance; dress. -1-1:; note 7 ; !iO note G i 4i9. 436 not.! '1; .208; OCCIlP ltion. as geqp,alogists, bards. his­ 49.! i 4.97 note 3. torians of their patrons' i.lmilies. 203 a"ld note Ell \L AND Cunv AL: rout<.., gnarled by Bahu­ S ; .l<'orbl's' account of their yearly tours, lllllr!\., xi, 2)82,)9 j other me,.ns of earning livehhooo, nl{A.~G: ht'mp prclHrlltiofJ. i'l nsetl as all 20:) j use as securities, both bt·fore and aftt'r article of luxury and stilllu~o.nt, xnii. S~e introlnc iua of Brltiah rule, 20) aud not;.} 2, btullulant. ~10 and note 1; Traga and Dll'zrna., IDPSU­ nUU.GiAS: 01' scavengers, also c'lUed Olgin-\S, iug of. 210; inshnces of tl I\~ in Nadi3d l1leahing namll, 33! note 1; census or in Ka ra District (A,D. 1775) narrated by details, 33 J. 33l; tl,eir orIgin; app,Jar­ :Mr. Ja ne! FOI'be~, iu Kanna near Viramga.m a.nl'e, dress, ornaments, f00t1, 33' ; oocupa~lon ; (A.D 18(6). ia Kairs (A.D. 180~), 211, in ['('lilhe chief h.'fvc,;1; time of, 335 i religilln,­ Ahtne ; 489. plant, 385. BRA-VAtS: c.:>metlies or plays of common life, Dn.tNuv {tt : or Bhann~a.sar. Sunday, 3')3. perfofllll.'

xxxv., 272, 21)2, SG3; S'akti wor8hipped as, worship by, 805; FenifJall, 305-307; Itoll. xxxv. 305; DtJ.aara, Ei;:ali, 306; sacrHiee. or BII.HAyAS: or Targ;\lds, p'Jrfol'm~ra of bhavai. jdt'Jr., descrivtion of, 306-307 I Ou.tonu or comedies, str~nAth anu di3tribution, 207, nalDtng.• I h'avmg. bctrotba.i, 3/)8; marri.agtl.' 222, I\l'COllllts or orIgin, appJarancll, 2?2; two 800,303-3.09 I death, 3')9-310 ; lIellif•• witch­ di'lblOn~ It' IloJtJiallg, 479 ; also called ShrilllAl, 73 ; in8rrip' OII_in.• l homo, Bnj MathurJ.; move l1t'nts tlO'lS, 5:1 note 1; pO\Vtlrs of Gurjjar& J'nll'l'8 l11\l1 8cL~lelllPnt in tldferellt parts; divi~ions, of, 479, 480; te1npluto the Sun or Jag tlvA.ni 177; cJ.tling as ca'i('o printers anu dyers; at. 499. busy times, oarninga ; rehgiou, 17B ; cJatoms, BIlOlS: Palanquin-bearers and Fishol'l origin 179. diVisions, apIJeal'anl'C, d,r"IS, m~,m. of BUBS9ASUR: bultJ.lo god, worship ot, 375. !iVJlihool-FHh;~.7, JUoJJ or ti$hlng, thh­ BHEIWIlA: silver im&g.J of, kept by Kouknas, lllg n ~ts, to J,-50); W Jter-clMJI!nut culLi va. 2!)~. tlon ; palanqu~n betlorin!J ; rolhgion ; hohJ 'Y" BHIKsalJ I{' cleric, seC'tioll of Brahm'!.ns accord· 505,519. ing to e \l\ing, prLvI(ege3 of, 2 and note 2. RHO]: R.ija of M.ilw&, 4'15 note 7. ~ee B,·'dlll\an~. BIIOHIC::!: Br~h naus sail to be M t'l''lus. 4'0 BHILOI ~U:H: goHeH, worahippeis, ~97 and BIlUVA": spirit-searers. ~eEl Stlirit~ note 4, 298; Bishop Heber's de3crip~io,} of BID.\: n'l.lUJ of Ch:ngi~ Kh\n'~ ela" 459. their dreqs, 2J7 note S; Orlt~men.t8. 293·293 BlDDuLfll: tribJ~ of Hmda Kll~h by, (8 loote. and noto 1; F,oa, ~99·300; OC"16patlol& &$ 2,3 and 4. peasants. labourel."s, watchmen. 30.); Major O. BIJlId.RCUS: or Bijp,nthis, Religioul Sect. Fu1l1a.lDe,' .It'hilll of I;heir tillage, SO) 1'lO~e xxxv ... 5H. See R,·hgioQS S.:cts. 2 ; 04rt,ract~r, 300; Mr. Prescott'lt alld Mr. BIJPANTe:lS: see Bijm,h-gI9. b'aklrbhai'r~hip. 301 and 247; Lu/u1,I's, 191; P..etelllh, 173; B~;p"'t., notes 4 and 5; classes of men held in sp~cial 133 139; Shrank" 99·100; ~ RQIJ;', 201; reverence by-BlvJ.lats or Baavo", thlJ.t is, Tltoria, 509; Vti4i-i" sn. SeJ CI1~tolDJ. devotees anl\ exorcist':!, their' incant \tion, BLOOD: luckille~. of, 517 note 1. 302 303; 31 7 a.nd nato 1; BluJ,t~ or lJ\olia, BODilAN : plllrCe of pil'\'fimll,"te, 12 note \. 55~. minstrels, tbeir dU'ies, 3.>2, 303-3:)1,; R tval. BO:loais; Sunni, of BrOAch and Sara", at" cuI· or prie~ts. thelr dutiea. 302, 3011-305; o.niwa.l ti va.~or8, 1;)2. INDEX. 5h7

DOL-CIIO'1'lI : dark foutth of ShrAvan, sacred , Drav~d groups of j snbdivisions of gronps. 1 to bull wotahip, 374. See Bull. and note 1; Admis.wn Of Forei!lnet" into Bool[: wOl'llhip,82. See Valli-pujan. the class and rank of, BOOKS' Account, siz8 aDd form of, 82-83; (1) btflJ1"6 Budd4i,t time., practice showing six kinds of, (1) Cash-book or roj-tmll, COll­ admission of mdlviduals not pure Brah­ tcl1ts of; (2) Bill·Regi~ter or luull["li-ftOluih., mans j instances of individuals who l'a.~sed COlltents of, S" I (:J) Journal or ,A'"m'o, 83, as, wbo a.ssumLod and aba.ndoned the Jl('sition cOlltents of, 840; (4) Ledger or K 'uila-"ak', of, 434; maniages With women of any of 83, conk-uts of, 84; (il) Aekno\\ledgment­ the four castes allowed; intermarriages book or SaltladasKat, coutents of, 83; with anake people a.lIowed; sons of such (G) Intcl'l'st·book or VgaJ-vaAi, 83, contents marria.ges and 80ns bt>gotten indiscrimi­ of, 81.; other rl'glsters or nondll8 kept by nately given rank of Brahman. prit.'Sc. or hankrrs, 88; native llygtcm of entering frac­ Rishi, -l35 J tIonal parts of a rupee in, 83; specia.l (2) SI1JC6 Buddki" time., pra.ctice of marriage method of calculating intcl't.'st. 8l-88 j IIettJ With women of lower classcs 8till common, bOOKS, \\'orship of, 82. Sec VanHise 435 ; origin of marriage with local women, DoRSAD: tLwn, in Ka.ira Distric~, traditional 4o:~5 note 11 ; malTiages of, with daughters foundatll.>n of. 8 and note 1. of Kshatziyas allowed, 435 and note 10; BoIIJ'(ADJS: Br:thmans, cultivators, claim de- instances of individuals raised to be, 436 8cent frOID Bh ad l'll.8iddha, I, 3, 13 note I, and note 1; admission of entire clas..es. l5.! ; traditional origin of. S note 1 i crushed example~ not directly and directly con­ by lIIa.hmud Bt·gada 8-9. nected '" ith inroads of northern con­ BoaS.lDIAS; III'C llorsad~a. ' querors, 436-441 ; established instances of .bOTAIf: weaning, corresponding to Anna­ o.Jtsiders being a'Imltted to be Brahn:an8~ Jtrashana, tenth Vedic rite, 31 note 3, 35; (i) priests of Bahikas, 43[1, rites, cerel1'onie'l and observances of, among Iii) priests of Miblras or White Hdl)&8 BIUlt;a •• 1l9; l1rahmQ·K.J.atri•• 57; lJrdIJ­ known as JJaglla Bra.hmans, 439·440. fIIalI', 35 ; Ka!la.thlJ, 61, 6;); Rajput8, BO. Insta.:lces, of Bla.hma.ns whose origin bee Customs. tra~ed to BrahmlWl-maker Parsburam, BRAHA::.PUI· called Ourfl, teacher of gods, of made Brahmans, of c l~cs w hic-h 402. See Jupikr. passed as Bralnnans, Jl.kdli8, Sikhs or BU.HASPATVAB Thursday, 402- 1 mmortals, 438; BMt,; CI/{iran8, 438; BRAHM: obj':!ct of worship, 322- Chifpat:aT". 436, 41>8, 439; HlLj!/~ HIiAHVA: God, first Dlember of the Hindu Brahmans, 439; Jav/c18, 438; Kalida­ Tnllity or tri11lilrli, xxxvi.; the creator, lids. 440 note 0; Karllddes, 436, 4038; called. Prajapati, 531; 14 j 15 note 1 ; mar­ Naga., 438 a.nd note 1; Nayal', of ried a GUlar girl called Gayatri, 490, 6O~ Gujarat, 438 and note 9; SaM.1: Putru, and note 4; A'roli tree sa.id to be wife of, 418; Pd.ltwctls, 440; Sait'a Bra.hmans, 382; Kb41..ham t.ree sa:d to be home of, 4:J8; {}l~ellVt8 or SarCUV.t8; 4:lG, 438, S8t. j temple to, in Pushkar, 490, 502 note 439, 440 and note 5; J'ulava Br.ihmalls. 40 ; at Angkor ill Cambodia. at Kolh4pur, 502 4:,6. note 40; at Khed-Brahma, xxxvi.; Br"/u.. "de,,. I'oBition., powe.,. and influcllce 0/: admitted the divine Brahm,,". deity wor~hipped in to be highest class in Iodia durin<>' Ajmcr; shri.nes of, in many village4 in Buddhilit pt;riod, 43l; their magical and Western India., 502 note 4. astrologi&al skill; their inftuence in B1U.JlMA·KlIHATRIS: gap between Brihma.na Burma, Sia.m, and' Cambodia, 431 and and K"hatIiyas filled by, 441 ; r lass of writei'll, notes 2 to 7; Buddhist; definition of 53 ; kulory of tbeir origin. their arrival in Br4hmans, Yudhistbira's test of Br~­ Gnjarat, their settlement at Champiucr and lDIlnB,431 ; their position airected by Ahmed4.b8.d, their migration to otber parts of (1) priests and meuicine-men of new... Jodi&, descendants of original Kshatri nce. comers admitted &8 B.rahm&ns, 436, 55 and note 4r, 56; .ppearance; lafllJtlag8. 438; 56 ; relit/iort, 56-57; custofllR, Chllatbi wor­ (2) newcomers adopting as their teacher. ship; &ta.n J Muda.n.l de1}Kdj ceremony; and priCll'tll local tribes or families who Betrothals, 51 j Marria.ge, dahiani presents, were not Br.lhmans, 437. 440 ; marria.ge rites and ceremonies, 53-59; (3) newcomers in their .wanderings Pregnancy; Death; cloth· water or kdpdep4lfi througb India carrying with them eeremony,59. large bodies of Brlihmans, 437,4!O-441. BBAnMA HMPBAD.hA: cult of Vaishna.v creed, Rivalry w~t" Butid4ilJm: contest. for foreign 633. See Vaislmav fects. proselytes, 433, 447. BURM.A V AITARTA P1rBAN: 53!. See Pumns, ONjardt: three groups of, Earl!!, Middle, HRARMACHARI: ceremony and rites of making and Mod6f'1I; Earl!l group, mostly pre­ a. boy BrabmachAri after thread-girding Aryan tribes made Brahmans by early C'cremony, S7-B8. See Girding (Brahmans). llindu heroos and demigods, ] and note 2 ; B~4uvADEv: see BrahmL some !100m to have come to Gujarat from BR.4H1UGR.A.ln'nI: Brahma's l..'llo~ 31. Dakho.n, 1,2; Middle group, mostly BRAH1UGtTPTA: astrODomer (A.D. 6lH),488. immillranta from Uppt"r India, Mirwar. DUWf.ANS: Iouia, tho land of, 4.3-! l GaNd &nd and Bajput'na j ModSf'a groap, m06t1J J)58 INDEX.

immIgrants sincc the time of Musalml1n preparations, fO-U I riec'}1Onnrllng cl'ro­ rule, cLiefly MarAtha Brahmans, XI.; 2; mony, minor cel'('moni('B in cOllu('('tion Settlement of groups, 1-2; Dil!ision8, witb nl1l.rriagcrite, Var,udtl4d,.a w(lNhip, names, strength. and dibtriLution of leading lJ/&lrtka illl>t\l\illg, 41; A ""!J{ul/;ika dlVl~lOllS, 2 a ; dh bions C<'lot tugether bllt SMcid.d"a 41-42; ceremony ()f l,.,'kt/rrli do Jwt intermury, 2 ; sections of bltI/.;~lt"k .ofarvi or Dl~nghi1l 8~killg, '42 I C(,/(,IIJ()IIY 'Or clerIC 311(1 f}rahallth or laymen in a of G,.ulta,~aJl{j 01' Plant:t-soothing, 4'Z ·4:l; dlvi.ion, cillef dlffennc('s of 8u(tions, 2 Procession, 43 I minor observant-c. bt fore find note 2; got,.as or family stock in a mal Tinge senil'e, 48-44; man '!\gil service, dlVhioll, 2; acconnt of the leading fifty­ 44-45; after-rit~s and ouser\l\nCtlll, 1;/;-47 i four dIvisions, 4-21; A ppearal1ce; Drellll; (9, Ih'80th or funeral ccremonill!, ('1\110<1 Ot'namellts; Food; 21; Occupatio1/. of 8'VtZr,llfil'oh(llla, dYing pcrsoll, dead hflly. 'Secu'ar classcs; lIf j{el(qio'Us classes, funrral dilge, blcll.8t-!Jmtmg. H; L1I'r, 22-Ghamot or vors, 22,23-24 ; PurAnis or fUllo'a.l pr.rt~', p.) r(', rdlgiol!8 pllrt of Tctl,!lcrs of Loly books, 22, 24 25; Hard8.s ceremonies before dl'ad hod) IS hurnt. or prl'acbt'fs) 25 26; Sh \.~tri , 22, 26·27 I burning of d. ad body. 4~; aftl'r-IIt('s; ,1"Mhis or a~t r..th and ('ighth month of fi,st preg- ~ Kallbill, 162. Jll'LllCY; rites, cel'emonies, an.'! observances BRWGB-BUILDltRS: famoDs KharvAs of R.indcr of ; performance of Garbltft.dh'lna or aud Bhimporc as, 519, 521. Fll'tus-laying rtte, of Pumllavana or Mate­ BnTJ l\lATBUBA.: )71. making rite, of A navalobhana or I,ong­ BROAOH: city, founded by and llermitnge of illg-Sootlllng rite called Garbharak· ]{l!,hi Bhtigu, xi, 7; GUI~jt\r& dyuasty ellta.­ 8}mna or \Vomb·gllarding, 5:3; of Siman bUshed at, xii" 419, tOltnClyana or Hair-parting lite; (3) Buth, B!! Dl>HA : ninth iucarnation of Vishou, 649. First confinement; prepa.rations for deli· Tery; tIle chIld born; observauces during BUJ\DRISM: p('riod of its riva.lry with Jln\hma.­ UiSDl, 433,417; admis.ion to Bl\(l,lhist orfler first ten days aftcr delivery, 33; De#I1I,'I firat confinE'd to Brahm'loB ahJ. Kshattiya.8, WorShip called S~asldhl·Pujan on sixth 43t; no diffirulty t.() ~dmit f\)r.-igneTII to niQ'ht after birth, common belief about the h:ghest place iu the order, 4;;J, 4-11 Vhlhata writmg 011 cltild's brow the chief events of its ('oming life, 33-34,; (4) aud note 7; foreign conqnerors cOTlverted to, 433, -M.S, 449; Kanisllka, grt:'at rcviver of Naming or Namkarma, rif;!'1l in. 34·35; Buddhism, 442, note 5; (ordgllers' (5) Botan or Weaning; (6) Head'hbaving 4rJ,;; part in spread of, 445 note li; f<'rei'l'n conv('rta or chaul, 36; (7) UpanaYQ,IIQ, or Thread­ who", cl ..im('d a share of Buddha', rdic8, girding, lucky day for girding the boy; 416 note 1: Mihira.kula's determination til preparatiQlls for girding day; rire·pound· stamp it out, 487; its decline (,*,venth and ing or f}h

nULU1rAB: Un-Indian Buddhist converts, claim CHAND: Chohan bard, 484., 48& noVe 8. Buddha's relics, 44.6 noto 1. CHANDAN: tree, is held sa.crcd, 384.. BURIIA-Nl'UR: pl&ce of pilgrimage, 168, 110. CHAB'D..(VAT·BADS: Rajputs, said to be Gurj- BUllMA: Brahmanio influence in, 437. jams, 495. BUSSlli:: VfJ8i 01' settler, a slave, 454 note 1. CHANDBLAS: division of Guja.rs, 487. CHANDI: goddess, XXX"., ]88. CHA.!lDIPATH : Sanskrit work containing pray­ A.LCULATION: mental, system of, used by ers to goddeils Chandi, IS8 ; 532. C native bankers, so. See Banker. CRANDOD KANYALI: place of pilgrimage, 28. CALLINGS: sec Occupation. 549. ColMBODIA : Bd.hman inftuence in, 437 ; CHANDRA: planet, 392. flee Planet, Moon. BrAhman and BudJhist; details introduced CRA.lfDRAGUPTA: II. (A..D. 396· 415), defeat of into the literature and archItecture of, 441. stranger lea.ders by, 444, 448, 453; power of CUIJlL: she, called Mdtrs Meri or Mother, is the Kusha.lls broken by, 491. novel' ridden, 877. CHA.NDlU.MAULI: moon-crowned or Shiv, 397. CA MPDI!:LL: Sir George, 55 note 4,,; 60 note 1. CHANDRABBO{ : Kshatriya king of Oudh, CAR CERBMONY: performed in epidemio Kayasth Prabhus cl&im descent from, 68. scaring, details of, part played by an exorcist CHA.NDRAVANSA : ela.n, started by Vaehha,450. in, 414 - 4.15. See Epidemic (Scaring). CHAlfDRAYA!l: a moon-vow, details of, 400_ CASH·BooK: an account book, 83. !:lee Rojmel. See Planet, Moon. CASPIAN: gates. three sets Gf, names of, 473. CHA.NGlZKHA.: 458; ra.i.sed the name of Dote 4. Bida, his own clan or stock. to the highe8~ CASTE: distinguished from a tribe, 4.65; .Vena tank, 459; his wise policy towards the COil­ causing confusion of, 434 note 9 l Karushka quered in Central Asia, 460. and S'akas did away with, 443 note 1,; number CHAPA: Chaura., leading Gujar stock name, of, in Gujarit Province, xii.,; furm'l.tion of, 459,479; Sanskritised mto Ch&potkata, 488, xiIi•• xiv.; social rank, xiv. Entertainments, 489. See Chavadas. xxv.·xxix. See Entertainments. CHAPA.: Champa, companion of Vanrd.ja (A.D. CA.T: b.tliefs about J use of it>! dung in driving 720 - 780), 488 note 0; founder of Chapaner, away eVil spirits ; witch'~B appear in the form 294 note 4; 455 note 1; 488; by ono of; beliefs about the sight of, 377. aocount was a Bhil, by anotherj account a CATTLE-POX:: plague, its goddess; quieting V 4nia, 294 note 4, 455 note 1, 488 note 5. ceremony of, detaUs of, 372 See Small·pox. CHAPADI..(S: name of Chordd ShravakB, 488- CENSUS: details, tobl population (A. D. 1891- CHAPANIR: Champaner, in Central Gujarat, 1901), vii.·ill:o ; religious sects (A.D. 187.2), 530- c~ned after Chapa its founder, 455 note I, 531 ; chiof divi.ions of classes, strength and 4.88; settlement of Brahma·Kshatril! at, distrIbution (A.L•• 1891), of Bards and Actors, capture of, by Mahmud Begada (A.D.1484l, Bh.als, Chdl'an.I, Galidhraps, Bhava,l/al, 65 j seat of a Bhil dynasty. 291 j, dynastic Turis, 207; Brei "mans, 8; Craftsmen, 177 ; seat, ix. Depressed classes, lJkangids, Dkeddr, GIi,..­ CHAPA.S: see Chava.das. cla" Khdlpas, Smd,\v4s, 8n ; Early Tribes, CHAPOTKATA: Sanskritlsed form of the stock BhlZ" Chodhras, Dla,'mdills, ])w.bUa, Gamttia, name CMp.. or Chavada, meaning Strongbow, KO"K:lldJl, Nd~ks, Yarlil, 290 ; GUJa,. popula' 454 ; 480; 485 Dote 9; 488. 489 note 2; tion (A..D. 1881 census), 481; Herdsmen, 497 ; 499. See CMvad&s. A'hirs, Bhartxids, Me,." RabJris, 261: ; CHARAOTER : BhUs, 800 ~ 801; Brahma,­ Husbllondmen, Kdchkl.a8, Kanbi., Mdlis, Kskatri., 57 ,; Brakmam, 30, Oh4ran" 216; Pafelii.I, Sagars, Sathval'tJs, 153; KatMs, Craftsmen, Darjis, 180; GMnchis, 182; 252; Kalis, 237 ; Personal Servants, Dhabu, Gol6.s, 184 ·185; Kans

ornaments, 21G ; condition, 21&, 220; Calling8 CHEtTI.: near Alibtig, Chitphan'. head-ql\"r~ as bards, 217; holders of large grants of land tell, 439, beautiful white reople of,4,gS and Villages, 217 note 1; as husbandmen, :note 2. 217; as beggars receiving presents at feasts CRRA.Dt NOM: Mace·ninth, spedal t'lll!tival (lay and marrIages, instances of the extra.vagance on dark ll1Dtb of I:;hr&v&n, eRClrcd to Ullir of their demands and vlOlence in enforcing Pir. S36 anll note 1 ; origin, obllt·rvo.nc\ls and them, 217 and note 2 ; as graziers, cattle-sellers, procession, 524-525. pack-carriers.; thdr self-sacrifice as guards or CHRATlll PVJAN : or l:ihaahthi Pnjan. See nCfr 'I)ltltivds to travellers and goods, 217 aDd note tiny Worship. S; as secul'ity, 217; as court-poets, 219; CaHlPA!!: calenders, snbdivision of nMv81\rs, Tra{/te or self-sacrIfice of, 218 and note 1 ; Vaisbnave in religion, 179. Mr. Ovans' details of a. oase of self-sacrifice, CHHO'U-UDEPvn: Choh~n Rajput ('Mef.hi~~ (A.D. 1820), 218 and note 2; Belzel" Cbaran 1%5. women are supposed to have supernatural CS:ICKElJ-POX: 368, 372. See Achbabds. rower, Instances of Chtl.ran women's suicides; CRIEJ'SRIPS: RaJ put, 123. JlolJular goddebses of north Gujarat believed CalRAs : memorial stones, 363. See Stone to bl' the spints of Charan women, 216 and Worship. 1I0te 1; dread of CMran ghost, 218 - 219 ; CRIT..bA8: section of Mochia, 194. Rell!l1On, devotees of goddesses, tbeir chief CRITAs: Chohan Mera converteu to Islall), 493. places of pilgtimagc, poets and holy men CHITOn : defence of, against Arabs, 486, 4!14 , amoug, 220; Gustoms, 220 - 222. capture of, by Dapp&, 494 note 25; Bapp. CBARouAL: live, is used in purification, 356; founded a kingdom at, 495 note 8. in (':1808 of witchcraft, in cattle-plague, SS7. CHI'l'PAl'AN8: Maratha Brahmans, 51; are sai!l CHAllMl:!: as safeguards against spirit. attacks, to be oiTspring of shipwrecked strangers 4~W. whom Parashuram purified with fire, 436 ~ CHAllOT "R : tract. Kanbis' pleasant land, ix., 438; 449; 486; said to be Per.ian rriesh, 155 anu note 1. '39. CHARUllHAKSRANA : minor ceremony during CHITJU,QUl'TA : registrar to Dbarmaraja, judge marriage rites, 45. of the dead, said to be founder uf Kayasth., CHAR: bird, worship oi, 157; 382. See 6(1 and note 2, 67. Klllgfisher. CHITHOD : town in RajpuM.n., 70. CHATURHAN: four-handed, Chohltn supposec1 CHITRODA: Nagar Brilhmans, ]3, 15. to be, 483. Vd"U, Meshri,70. CHAUL: head-shaving. See Mudan. CaODHB.As: Early tribe. x.; atrength and CHAULUKYA: or Chalukya, 485 and note '1, distribution, 290. 312 J chief But)(hvi~ionll. 486. 501. See Solanki. objects of worship; customs. 3]2-313; CRAURA.: leadlng Gurjar stock name, 459. hnsbandmen, 152. CHAURAS : CM.vadas, origin of the name,4SS ; CnoHANB: ruling Rajput tribe, representa­ Kachh, claim to be Agnikulas, 488 note B ; tives of the Imperial family of Dthli (A.D. tbeir rule, 489 and note 1. t:ee CMvadAs. 1191); present pOS86ssIOns. 125; origin, CRA-VADAS ~ ruling Rajput tribe, 480 ; founders tribe of Agnikulas re-born in A'Lu fire pit to of Anahilavada. (a...D.746) ; once lords of Guja.­ help Brahmans, 483, 484; traces, 483-4M,; rat; their present chiefships i their former territory given to, 449 note S, 484; Chohan rule; their present condition, 124 l proofs of tree, 486 note 6 ; said to be Vishnu-formed, their (}uryja1'a origua, 488.489; other names 449 note 3 i lI&id to be created by Braltotna. of-Cha-pas, Cbauras, 498; Chapa, Cbaura, 493 I Kslipurana the guardian of. 484 and Chavda, a leadmg Gurjar stock-name, 454, note 7. See .Agnikulas. 459, 489; Chapotkata meaning Strongbow, CHOHSAS: Brahman!!, 9. Sanskritised form of Chltpa or Chavda, 454, CaRI1!TIAN : element in HtiJJa borde, 4i6 and 480, 488 ; bardic dates of Chaura settlements note 3. at different plooes confirmed, 479, 488; CHUD'-: Jhltta Rajput chiefship, 127. traces of their rule in Rajputitna, in MArwar, CnUDAKAB.MA: topknot rite,. Vedic rite, 81 in Ka.chh I traces of, remain in the name note 8. See Mudan. Chlipa.uias ; Chorwad, 488 ; given credit of CRtm,lsAll,b: Rajputs, probably of Turk introducing the name Gujarat; claim the origm, 125, 44,6 note 4; their history; their redlt of forming fleets, 489; other proofs present condition, 125. of Gurjjara origiu; chiefs of Kitbiolwar CUUXVALIYA.8: division of Kolis, 239. See of the seveuth and eIghth centuries were Kolis. Gurjjaras of the CM.pa. family. 479; Chltva­ CLAJr: titles among Bhatia,. 117 note das of north Gujarat were Gllrjjams. 480 6; names among Kathitw4r EMis, 207. note 4 ; Chavadll.s or Chapas a branoh of the .A'njana Ea"IJi" 163, PatelulfI, 172. Rajptlts, Gurjjaras as the centre of power at Anahi· 124 note 1 ; or stock elements in the t.ribe. 4:>9- lavada, 480 I a. Gnrjjara king p£ Bhinmal CLOCK: water. See Ghadi. (A..D.628) said to belongto the Sri CMpa COBRA: worship, 154 ;, 172 J 220 i 288; 379- dynasty, 488 aud note S. _i 380. See Serpent. .. CREORI: branch of Gujars in PunJab Guja. COCK : carder of goddess l1ehecbadJl, wor­ rat; cbief branch of, at PU8hkar, 489.490- ship of, 380-381. CHlISTNUTS: water, ,in!}odd" food plant, 505. COCOANUT: favourite offering to godde~. See Bhois. 385. See Nalieri•. Day: see Balev. INDEX. Sol

('onES : l'aTourite drink among llllsalmw. Cl"Pm: god. See Madath u1iv. See Stimulants. CUiJTOlLS: Bha~ad., 269; B1&lia., 119-121 • Cu)!E"l': call1'!, 509 ! ~1,uS<'$, 33t; Bhangi,ts, 333; Dhedh, 3·U; VligbrLq, 617-518; Earl!J Tri'Ju, Baj~ni.i: Garn,l.iiI, 3i5 i KMIp.\iI, 346; ])"olm, 230; 503·50'; Blllls. 30S-311 I Chodhn\s, 313 : Elrl!/ T,.,bu, 2'.)3; Rhils, 311-312; Chodbr(s, Dhund\as, SU-a15; DubIas, 317-31S: 313; DbundH,~, 316; Dublas, 318; Katho­ Gamits. 319; Kathodias, 320 i Kolgas, 321 ; dl"., 320; Kolgh.1s, 3:!1; Konkmh, 322; Konkn.is, 3:?J; J.Ungs, 323; X.iikdis, 327 j lhng~, 3~4; ~.i:kg, 325; :Xiildh, 328; VArlis, 329; Yltobu, 330 Hajdms, Yarllil, 3:!9 ; ll.lja 111', 23\ ; H erosl_, A'hirs, 233·234 ; HlIlIlnruJ.mu, KachhUs, 16-1; ::613; Bharvadi, !?S5; BablLril, !?S9; HIII­ Kanbis. 157-163; A'DjlUla, 163; Kadd,l65 ; b5. ~ee DiSl'lollQ. 57; Braihnaana, 3;); Klf.yastbs, 61 i Raj- puts, HO. • Cll\Y: is held to 00 III rep~nt.tive of Kam­ ,lllglJQ the heavealy eow; K(lp,lddA~I"'. DBath: 01' s"':wgaroAana, details of fUT'.£r.u black cow with a calf, is particularly sacred , ceremonies among, Brahmans, 47-51; tail, mouth, an,l halllleh~ are held sacred Kanbis, 161-163; Rajputs, .J.-18-151; parts of; PallcltgcJl:!JQ or five cow-gifts, V.i.ni:ts. 9-1.-95. tueir use in relIgious cerelDOlUes. sip of her De.still!l Jl"orsMp : det&ils of worship among, llrine taken by 11ioU8 Hin.lus, uses of her BbatiLs, 119; Brahmans, 33-3-'; Kanb~, dung, 372; n~AlJt, Of eowdung-ash; <>CeA­ 157 I Kolyastbs, M, i- Kolis, 213 f Rajputs. sioo,j and C<"fi'mony of 9auaa. Of gift of .. 139 ; V i.nii~ 89. - C,lW ; helj"fs among different elasses; object Marriage: or ",'I!ahll, ceremoni<"S and of marrying black heifer with black bull calf; observances in, amtlug, Bltarvids. 2iO·25i i .hy bAertl<1 for ber worship. 373; Qa"l,dl Bhils, 303; Brahmans, 8947 J Kanbis, t't'nnuony. 3j3-3i4t; worship of. in Sbra'''an 15S~161. 165; K:>lig, 2-13--250; Rajpnts, moutb. 3j" j by dlfferent classes, 137, 15i. 14l-H7; YAnilis. 9Q-93. lS7, 173, 175, ISS, 187, 2:!Q,217. Mltlaa,. or Hll3d-Shaving: details 01 rites CRAl'T~ll.l!l(: names, stl't'ngtb and distribntion, in, aJPong, Brdbmans, 35; Rajputs. ao ;. 177; accounts of the SIXteen main classes, ltamill§: or Xand,tJrma, details of riks and 117-206; foreign element traced in some of cefolmonies observoo in, among. Brolhmans, tbe c~ 4053., 45j, and note 1,499. 84-35 ; Rajputs, 139 ; Caops: perfur1ll1UlC8 of certain rites lilt the Prt!g1la1U'!l : details of cereInonies performed .,f.-ty of, lS7 ;..k~h to finJ O:lt f~ilure or in, among'. Bclhmans, 31-33 ; Ranbis, 161 ; thriving of, 3S!. fvl'\!Ca.-."ts, 353, 399. Raiputs, U7-HS i V~nil.3., 93-9-t.. CROW: bdiefs about, 383. liread-Girdlf'§: details of ceremonies CC-CKOO: hlll,l S&eb'd, obj~t of worship by performed in, among. Brabma-KslJatris, WUIU.. U and girls, 3S1. 5'( i BrAhmans; 36-39; Raj puts, 141. CULTI\'"A.TOR.S: see Husbaudmen. CUlll:!i£ : .Mr. A .. 493 nolo I, DURIs: Rajpnts, poas!lut proprietoH, 129. Cmou'l'ullA,l(: G .. ncf>\l, 116 and notes 2 and D~BIST"S : Guj&ratBrahmans mentioned in,43S. 3; 117 Dute 1; 2()s note 2; +t~; -'70 and DADA BARI : well of, at Ahmedihad. 165. nott>-s '" 5, 6; 411 and notts 1 and 2 ; 47! note DA.DDA: III., Gurjjara raiseU to be Ks!Jatri'y~ 4 ; 47S no~ 8, 11; 181; 432 nutes 3, 6; 4-19; 4;9 i 4SO; iS6. 49;) noW 3 # 496 ; 4~7 noLe 1; WI flute 3. DAIUl.U.U. : Sisoillya chiefttlup, 1!!9. 563 INDEX.

DADRIOH: Rishi, eon of Brabm~, S'rasn.ta DASAT.!LX: moon worahip, det&11. of,~. Bee elaim descent from, 18 note Z J Dadhioh Planet, Moon. Br.1.hmans take name from, 9. Duns: or lends, aboriginea 10 eallt-d in t.he DADlllCHS: Br:lhmans, their originalstoek, 9. V ed~ s. ; 448. • DADUPAN'nlIS : Religious Sect, xxxvi •• 548. Bee - D1TAR PIB : tomb a~ Jurulgadh. healiBg .hriao, '1~eligi()u8 Sects. 306. See Shrines. DAHRlolB' south K£nar& tribe resembling DAy..{RA_M'S: poema,list of Ouj~r't Brahman. Oujar8.t Dhedas, 338 note 1. in, 2. DAG4.DA CHOTH: 398. See Gllnesh Chaturtbi. DAYS: week, common belief, about, S.ttday, 393, DAHrANI : presents among Brahma· Kshatris, 58. 396; Mrmrla!J, 897,400; Tue,day. 4ul-40Z; DAILY LU'E : Townspeople, Men, xix. - xxi., Wed."day; Th.rBdal/, 403 i Jhtlay. 403. W Qflaell, xxi.: Rural population, Men. Watne,., 403; SatardaYt 403. uli.; Rajputs, 134·135; Yanias, 88. DEATH: Svar¥,a.rohana that ta beavon-climlJing, DAIMAs: RajP1'lts, 125. funeral ntes and ceremonies among nAKENS: see Wltches. Bhangia., 337; Bhtitla., 121, Bhil.. nol). DAKIIANI: Brahmll.os, ealled Maril.tha or Ma­ lllO; Ordkman" 407·51; B,.akrna-K.hatri" L,j,l'ashtra. Bra.hmans. chief e1as!!es, strength 59 ; Depl'\lssed classes, 833 I DhedJ" 8 ~3 I nnd distrihution, 2, 51; language, food, .DlHmdia,. 315-316; XaMtI, ]61·)63 J dress, faith, customs, 52 - 54. See Brahmans. Kayo-stks, 64; Kolis, 251; Kon'knaa, 822 ; D..{KOR: place of pilgrimage, 28; 119; 157; Moel." 195; Ndikdda, 328; Rajput., Ug. 164;173;175;225; 247; 333; 336; 341; 151; Shrava1c •• 102 I Yania,. 94-93; Yarl~', 347; 549; temple of Krishna, 10; a.rrange­ 829. See Customs. ments for pilgrims, 28. Dus: beld sacred, 378. DAKSflA: father-in-law of Shiv, represented DuflLl: gatewa.y platform in front of Rajput. with a goat's head, 377. houses, 130, 134. DBBLI SIW..{LIX: pillar, inscnpti0D8 Ob, DALVA.TIIS: Kolis. See Kolis. ott DA.MAYANTI: queen-consort of Nalraja, Snote 1. note 1. DBHR.,{s: templcs, Sbra.vak religious building!!, DAMODAR: reservoir, 9. DANDIB: or tlanyasis, order of Shaiv ascetics, description j named after Tirth&nbn; appearance, dally life, philosophic tenets, installation of image of Tirtbankar, 5,t2-S43. See t:.haivs. alljantJ.alak1a ceremony J ol'naments of tIle DANG!: Kanbis. See Kaubis. image; ministrant. and their duties i wonhip DANGS: low cl11.8s Rajputs, 123. in, 110-11S. D.hTA: Parmar cli.lefship, ]27. DEPLA! : Traders, originally Loh'nas, 122. DB PRESSED OLAllB": strength and distrihut.ion J DAR BAR : mansion of a Tha.kor, description of, chief c\asses-Bhanglas, DlI,edtf.B, Qarudae, 130·131. • Kldlpd" Sindhwi.; maiu causel of un­ DARBHA: gmss, also called hIla. its boliness. cleanness; appeal'&nce, 331, food, poeition, 42 note 1 I its US6 in religious ceremonies, 42, I'\lligion, object of worship and revel'\ln('c, 3~4. 332; Ma:Jau ot holy men, customs, 333 J DARIYASHA: Musalman saint of Virpur, community, 334.. dIrect descendant of Abbas, 361. DEdI: 80cial division of ~bdl!altJ JJrahmtJ1U. DARJIS : Tailors, strength and distribution, 5, 6; families in Sajodra Bra.hmans, 18 i in 117,179; divisionsJ surnames, 179; work j Brahma-Kshatris,57. See Anavalas. .. shop; tools; earnings; O... ington's notice of DEBAv AL : BrlJlm&an8, 2, II; Vani•• , 70-71. Surat tailors, 180 and note 1; officiating DKSHASTH: lkli.bmanl. See Dakhani BrAhman .. priests at Bharvad marriages, 180·181; their DBSTIN r : worship of, called Sha.4thi Pujan religion ~ customs, 181, or Chhathi Puja,., worship of VidluitlJ 01' DARliSTETER; his opinl.ol\ tha.t Maghas were goddess of fortune on the sixth day after birth. Zoroastrians, 440. tites 01, amoIlg Bhatias, 119; Qrahmllftlt, DARO: grass, Ganpatl's f~vourite oltering. its 33·34; aktf.,.aru. 220·221 ; KtJnMII, 157-168, worship, 884- Ka!laatha, 61, 64, 67; Xol", 248; L.hd,.,. D.4BYA Pu: spirit of the Indus, worship of, 191; Rajpttts, 139 ;.-Slt,.dfJa.h, 100; S()"", xxxv., 122. 201; Vanid.,89; IS observed among otbev DIoSARA: Holiday, 53; 67; 136; 336 J day clasBes, 57, 61, 100. 105,154.170. 173, 17~ lIacred for malting offerings to goddesses, 1'16,178,181,183,185,188,194, 196, 205,213, 406; da.y of the autumn equinox, great 225, 226, 233, 289, 329, 330. See Customs. and or II/I.crifice oifcring -day feltival jdtar DXVD[: .aU platform, daiIf"worship, visits to. among Bhi!s, 805, 306, 807; day of l'cst, 860. See Sati. 175; day fo~ worship of ElepAatd, 876; DEVDIV..{LI: holy day, Tum or 8wect buil Hor8e, 137, 173. 213. 305, 376; or (JIIa. plant ~arried to Vishnu on, 23 note 5 ; 175. 1!;ill9fisMr, 157, 173, 175. 382; Peacock, 381 ; DBVIS : goddesses, of north Gnjarat, saiJ to be Shami tree, 886.; of Grain, 390 ~ A ~8.ndro spirits of CMran women; nme Ukhs or nine leaves given. as gold on" 38S i buifalo sacrifice hundred tbouaa.nd ",dUB of Pavigadh eaid to on, 216, 375. be ChAran girls, 216 and note 1. D.UAS: section or sllbdivi11ion in YaniG easte, DBVn; of Bednor, originally a Gujar, Qhi~ 70 i iu Bkatiaa, 117; the division explains divinity of Ajmer Gujara, 602- the llro'{lQttiQU ot Qut8id~ intertol.xtute. 435. D&TKA.J; ceremony. 61. INDEX. 563

DEVLI : goddess. 363. DURnHCEA: disease, its cure, 865. DevRuKB.'-s: IleS Dakhani Bnihmans. DIDas: VAwas,71. DB.broB: Bhll mbe in the Panch M...hals, 295 DIGA-MBA-RAB: air·clad, also called Ummad, note 2. religious IlCCt among Shravaks, 105. S~e DIUN VALA: VUa Rajput cbief of DUnk, Shravaks. Ito,y of his marriage wIth Umr4boii, daugbter DnmvANA: town in l\Ia.rwar, 71. of Umro Ka.thi, bis sons by Umrabai-V4la. DnnrBRs: public. See Entertainments. Khum{).n, ano Khachar, the foundcrs of the DIODAB: V.ighela Rajput chiefship, 129. three noble tribes of Kllthis, their descend· DIRGE: funeral,47. ants called Shl.kba.ya.ts. 252·253. See DrsA: town, military station, gives name to K,\,tbis. Deshals, 9, 70. DHANDII KH.{NT: KMnt Koli leader, 240. DISBASB: two forms of-Endemic and Epi. St'e Kolis. demic, is believed to be due to spirit influ. DHAl'fKORBAI: S\tbodra N4gar Br4hman sati. ence, to unfrientUy influence of some planet, 3[,8. to anger of some god or goddess; is DHARADAS : hillmen, name derived, their believed to be cured by rehgious rites; ende· mention in the MAhabhal"llot, by Manu, by mic, special treatment adopted in, causes and Ptolemy, 338 note 1. cnres of, Consumption or lcshaya; Dysentery DHAKA-L.b: swordsmen, Talabda Kolis, 243 a.nd and diarrhrea or llam!1rahani; Eye-diseases; note 3. See Kolii (Talabdas). Fever or td'll; Guineaworm or valo; DHARAMPUR: t::18odia Rajput House in Surat Hydrocele or Gntargal ; Jauudice or kamlo; Ihstrict, 129. Kiduey diseases or ambkoi ; I..eprosy; Paralysis Dll.UIlI'A: Bhat'a means of extorting compliance or paksllagh&t ; Piles or karall ; Rbeumatism ; with his demands, 210. I:!ee BMts.' Scrofola or Kanthmdl j Syphilitic eruptions Ihu,TURA.: tree, worship of, 40. ouisphotale; Tumour and baldness; Warts llBBBRAs: or Dhivars or Dhimars, dshers,519, or fJllrsolis; enlargement of Spleen or barol, 520. See Seafarers•• 365; Barrenness in woman, its cause and DaKDAs: strength and distribution, 331, 338 ; cnre, 366-368; Small·pox, different names claim descent from Kshatrls, and strain of, Sifala, epiUemic form of, its god. worshin, of R:tjput blood, 338 and note 1; claim of, o:lferings made to, 368; Salad, endemIC Solanki descent, 486; defeated foreIgners forlll. of, its god, the specific treatment of thrown among. 454; their surnames, Rajput, person attacked with, 368,369-370; offerings 33,~, local, 339; Dlvl~ion8, ancient-ehAsla made to the god. of, 371·372; Cattle.pox, an (1 KUsia, LOl-'8.1 ; Appearance; Position, 839 ; qUlcting ceremony of, 372; Shrine8, healing, Dress, 340; OccupatIOn, former, prellent, as of goddess Bahuchardji, of goddess lle1lali, labourers, as private Ile'l'vants, 84iO - 341; as of Ddta.,. Pi,., 366. butlers, house Ilervants" and grooms, 339; DISEASB WORSHIP: 365·372. See Disealje. trace8 of former slavery, 340 and notes 1 and DIU: town, 488. 2, SU a.nd note 1; Hurati Dhedas in Euro­ DIVALI: holidays,23 note 5; U; 82; 119; pean service called Ldlidl, 339 and note 2 ; - 151; 170; 173; 175; 118; ~~5; 306; Religion-followers of different sects, worship 313; 316 ; 336; Festival days amoBg BhHs, ,,,lsi plant, Garndl1 prlests, places of pil­ 3OS·306; Fire worship on, 357; days for grimage, saints, 3411 thelr religious meetings settling acconnts by. traders, 82. or ochhG1I8, 344 and note 1 ; customs, 341-343 ; DIVISIONS: tbeoryof origin of, Xi., xiii., 457. commuUlty, pr08pect~, 344 and note 2; 464; among Braltma1l8, Bhikshuk and lx·licfs &f Kaira Dhed&8; 343 and note 1 ; Graha.sth,2; among Vcinj.tia, Visas, Das4!J, reference to tradItion of Elias tbe prophet, Pancham or P4nch.48, 70,435; Main, a.mon2 lIlS and note 2; propheCIes of high future BMUaa, 117; BlI,ais, 207; B,.,l.~, 295 J iu store for, 343. BrdkmalW1,3 ; ChciranIJ, 2Hi; Chodlfras, 312, DanUBs: ,or Dbivars. See Dhebras. ]JarJis, 179; Dhedds. 339; DubldfJ, 316; DIlIRO: B"agat, poet, 213. Ghd»dua, 181; Haj(iml, 230; Kachhias. DBOB·HIS: washermen, class of personal sep. 153; KGnbis, 163; KGnlJd,,.d8, 186; Kdt/II", vants, 2!8-230. 261·262; ,Kolu, 237, 239 J Luhdrs, 190 I DhoLlS: minstrels of Bhils, 302, their duties J Moehi", 192; N.lks, 324; Ra!Jd'J"l,$, 287; their musical instruments, 303 - 30·1,. l:iee RlIjp.ts, chief clans, 123, 124-129; tribcs and Bhll.. Bajl1nias,503. Rllb·tribes, 129·130; Sont8, 197 J SutlW,T8, DUOLKA.: town, dynastio seat, ix. i Vairat 202; Vamaa, 69. supposed to be, 294. DIVORCE: permitted among BGrtU alld Actors, DBRANGA.D : goddess, 205. BMts, 213, Charane, 221, Bha.vayas, 225, DHRhGADBA.: JUI' Rajput chieftlbip, 127. Turis, 226; Cra/tame-n, 179, 181, 186, 188. DUBOL: Jadeja Rajput chief~hip, 126. 195, 201, 206; Early Tribe", Bhils, 309. DHRUVA.BlUTrA.: surname of ~iladitya VII, N&ikdas, 327; Herdllmen, BharVl\(h, 285; 13. Rabaris, 289; Hfl.8bandmen, 154, 161, 164. DauNDIAs: ea.rly tribe, strength and distribu· 166,172, 174, 115, 176; KQU,I, 250; Pe,.. tion,290. 314,; derivation of name; appear· sonal SeNJants, Dhobis 230, Hajtl.ms 234. ance J dress I favourite dlvinities of; DOG: is believed unclea.n, belIefs about, 377. customs-marriage, 314, death, 315; commu· DONKEY I carrier of small-pox goddeli\8, 164 a- nity, S16. 376. ~ INDEX.

DOTE: worship of, 63 ; 381. EOtl'CATrON: Religi01l8, IUllong l1rdhmau, 3t , DOWRY: arrangements, among Blld,tia8, 119 ; So"-ool, among Bard, and Actor" lllr4ts, 214 r Brahmans, 39·40 j Kanbu, 158. CMrauB, Gandhraps, 222; Dhadya.1 225 J DR AVID : group of Brahmans, subdivisions of, T'uns, 2"";9 1 B',.a,.ma,.,. L 5 I; Orajfnne.., 1 and note 1 r:oo Brahmans. B~vsllrs, 179; Darjis, Ga1iArA~. 181 ; Gh4n: DRESS: of Men, xxii -xxiii.; of Women, chlS, 183; Golas; Ka.fiiy8.s, 186, Kanf'1U'4~, xxili.-xxiv.; Kathia.vad and KlJ,Chb, xxiv.; ] 88; Khatris, 189; LuMre, 192 ; Mochls, 195 ; vf Blllwvdds, 2r37 , J)kr.Uu1,s, llH; Bh.la, SalAts, J97 ; Soni~, 202; Sutbarll, 206; De­ 297.2!)Q j Brahman.~, 21 ; Bl'ahma·K~katris, presaed Cla.sea, Bhangi4s, 3:J8; Dhf'llb, 3U ; l)1~; Craff~men, 178, 179,182,}-93, 196,lii8; Garudas, 34.,); KhAlpas, 346. EarZ,/ Trtbea, lJltrdas, 340; Kmtbts,155 ; Kayasths, 60·61, 294, Bhils, 312; Chodhr.ts, B13; l>hundi .. s, 64 . Kolts, 245·246; 1JIarwaria, 103; 816; Dubl.l.s, 318 ; Gamtas, 319; K.tthlllll,t8, Patelias 173; Rab&1'is, 287; Rajputs, 320; Kolgl1B, 321; l\ran~s, 324; Wlrlis 131-132 ;' 8kravaks, AscetICS, 107, 108.109 j S29; Vitoli,as, S30; Hl'rd~m{'n, lJhana.l,,; rdn1(i.~, 75·76 28;;; RaM.ris, 2ii9; Hu~bandmen KlLl'hhiAB J)nr~K'l Fermented and Distilled, called tadi 154; Kanbls, 163, 164; PatcM~,1'74; SagaN' or t(),1dy duef kinds of; fermented liquor, 175; Per,onal Se'1'vanf~, Dhubi$, ~30; I'f" .... ~' ~f draWing juice called tcidz from the H&jams, 234; TraderB, V.inia'!, of dl.Mu wIld .late palm kkajur£ ; dIstilled liquor made okkokras or apprentices in Vania shop_, fron. tIle flower of the makuda, u:ix.­ 79-80, 96; Shr-ivaks, ]03; Bhdti.i'l, 121: xxx . dl'l!:kmg cla~ses, xxx.-xxxii. LoMnas, 122; W riter-8, Bra.hma- K.hatri8, 59; DRONA': procpptor of Pandavs, is said to Kayasths, 61,67,68; Prabhu8, 63. Ilave wrested the town of Ahichhatra from ELBMBNTS: names of ; the univ('rse formed of J Dr111"ldn, 15 note 2. beliefs about; names of deities presiding over, DUll I ,\.~ Early Tdb~ x.; strength and dis­ 3-18; Wor8Mp, of water or ap, 348-349, tie .., trlbut,wll, 290, 316; subdivisions in; claim 3409 ; Rivers, 349-350; Pomls, Sprin~~, \V011_, atrfl III of Rajput blood, dress; ornaments; 350; Rain, 351-353 ; 'of Fire or Agni 356- favonrite gdmes; work as plough men or 357 ; of W.nd or Vayu, sss i of Earth,' 403. }uills; objtlct of their worship, 817; cus­ 405. toms, 317·318. ELEPHANT: is held sacred, days sacred for his DUDHEL MATA: Milk Mother, her miraculous worsilip, Ganpa.ti shown with the head of, powers, 389. See HilJ!l. _' S76. DUNG: of Ass, or DQnkey, 376; Oat, Dog, ElUA: Prophet, 843. 377 ; Goat, 377 ; Horse, 376 ; j~lonkey, 878; ELIAS: Dhedas derive the name from Prophet used in spint·scaring rites; Oow, used in all Elm, 343 and nofe 2. See DhediLs. sacrihcial fires, 372; Rat, used in pregnancy EIJJAl{: accounts of, in lewish scriptures, 343. ceremony, 378. EMBASSY: Buddhist (A.D. 6(0), :Brahmans DURGA: de1J~, her two forms: Kali and Aruba. described by, 434. Bhavaui, worship of, xxxv.; 64.,292, 801 ESTERTAIlU[Elfl'S: caste, or public dinnen, note 2; 532; her rune names, 420. three classes of: trade, social, and religious, DURGA DE"I: famine, in Dakkhan, 12. xxv. ; Trade, two kinds of, paid for from guild DwARKA : dynastic seat; shrine at, ix.; funds, paid for by one of the memoortl; Kryan settlement at, xi.; seat of Shankar­ occasions for, xxv.-uvi. ; Social, three kmds ac1t{~rya, 542 ; place of pilgrImage, 10; 157 ; of, glven by caste, called ockkafJ, observances 164; 175; 213; 2.W; 217; 336; 549. on, arrangements for; given by individua.l DWARKANA-rH: god,4. members, in honour of some family evEtnt, DWELLINGS: Houses, two classes of, Town and compulsory, optIOnal; cast-e picnics or ujdni Village; Town, outward appeara.nce; inter­ ltxvi.-xxvii. f lleligioIM,oecaSIOD1l for, xxvii.; nal arrangement, names and uses of the preparations of, form of invitation to; different rooms; furniture in, xv.-xviii.; lTd­ gat.herings; mode of serving food; three kind:J lave, outward appearance; intern&! arrange­ of dinners, xxvli.-xxix. ments ; furnituro, XViii.-XllC. ; religious cere­ ,EPHTHALITBS: White HU~II or Kbazare: 455, mOllie~ in huildmg It new house, door-post or 456,471. See White HtiI)as. bdrNh h !letting up ceremony, tie-beam or EPIOS: the, Mmd!lan, MaMblvir"f j contanttf mobk erf'ction ceremony, housmg or vast" of, 531·532. Cl'rcIlJUUY, 204; of Bl/,i[s, 296·297; Kolis, 245 i EPlDBl{IO ~ fiercer form of disease, 365, 368, ]l,1Ipuis, 130·131; lT4.nias,75. 413; causes of, 365,413; is believed to be DYSENTERY: "hease, its cure, 365. cured by religious rltes. 365 ; Sit~la epidemio form of smaU-pox, 368; Scaring rit.e", ARTH: P,.ithvi, an element, 848; planet, is offerings made to Mala or goddess to E called Hahu. worship of, 403-405. See appease her wrath during; perfol'tnance of Planet. disease-soothing ceremony or ,Mnti. to stay EARTHQUA.KE: causes of; sign of widespread epidemics, 368,413, 4lS - 414; performance sin and wlckedness, 404. See Planet, Earth. of car ceremony to clear the village of cholera EOLIl'ilE : granan that is seizure, beliefs abont, and other plagues. U4-415 ; other ways to practices observed at solar and lunar, 395; clear the village of a plague, 3()2 note I, object. of, gifts made to Bhailgias during, 415: dread of breaking out of. 396, 4Q3. 335, 39;); other observances during, 395-. 396. See Disease. S"e Planet, Sun. ETHBR; an element, M8. See Akuh. • INDEX • ExOllCISJ(: 137-138.293,417 - 4.:$. See Spin6 519; f<water, 519; Koli division among Belteu (F..ar13). M4chhia anf money­ intlUf'n<:e or. chicl guards a~ 427-428. lenders starting in life, 78 note 3; of lJI:uits' ~ee Witches, Beliefs (Early). - yearly tours, 20S - 209; of llhAtu8 security. 2QlJ and note a; of traga and dhar-. 210 ; his opinion about Kithi.f on.,oinal place of Aron: signa showing approach and appear­ settlement, 252 note 1; 295 and notes 1 &; a. F ance of, 3S3, 3J8. 396, ~ 403 ; DIlrg& FOJl1lBS: Mr. James, hi3 descril'tion of BhAts, ~i. in the J)akkhan.l2. 20S note 3 ; 209 note 2, ~ll. F .iST: .A~MdA sud 11th, 23 note 5; A'.o FORECAsrs: of Crop •• 351; of Ba~$t, 3<)0 ; vad 5tb, 2()"9: Bol-Clt.otJa" 315; Brill'" of Rain loud WeatAer. 351- s:w.. 3iH - 355- fifluR/Aa, 39'; Gol:ulas/da",i, 23 Bote FoalUGl'IBR : HO'J"tU, constitution and gather­ 5; Aar0; GUttelu, 182 i GoI". ing of tribes and caste dnillions, 451; ehanb& 185 i HajJ_, 233; KacAlio., 15t; Kad'!JtU, of tribe names. 4.57 - 455; conquerors' tribe 186; Xaa6is. 157 i K.1t4artU, 187; Moc,",. b&mes, 4.63; confusion Gf castes, 463 - 465•• 19-&; !la/JH'l" 137; Sag,.,.., 174; &lJ.u,_ Leadi-.g Horda of, Dames of the seven honles 100; SO";,, 201 ; S4,.,tl,;ah. IIi and note 1. that entered India between the time of I'ATDAS: SEe Pavaylls. • A1eunder (B.c. 325) and the time of the FAWClITr; Mr.. Magistrate of ~bmed8.bad, Arab Musalm1ns (A.D. 713); route by wbich attempts to reform marriage customs of LevA they entered India, 455; their compleXIty! Kaubia, 167. 456, 460 - 461 ; names of foreigners who con­ FBdnTlls: t.mong Bhils. 305- 301; RaTS pro­ quered.in Western India(B.c.. 2Si_A.D. 4(0), eeasion to snake temple in Bhuj Fort, 136 ; 433; names of foreigners who were converted M Tatra, 362; among tUhers loRd Sailors of to or aided Buddhism. 433. 445, 44S; fO!,-,igners South Gl1jarU. 524- 525- who helpeti Brahmans and became their hua: tao, its cause and CU18" 365. See champions., 433, 439, 447, 4.19; Admi8siOfl of. DIlit'&8e. among B,.,.AmaR., before. Buddhist Pf'riod, 433, 43" - 435, during and after Buddhi3t FlU: dfl.&. element i believed to be an element period, of individuals, 435 -430; of entire of Ulc lOul; ill used in burning the dead; in elasses, 436 - «l ; among Kllwtri!JaI, 433, sin-eleauliiug rites. in BaCl'ifiees ; is Yi.Aoafk-o of individuals. iil-.t3, of entire classes. or Universal Lord of Brahmans, 356; JVOf"­ 443 - 452 ; among Trad"8, 452.453; among uered .Mp. xuv.; chid' occasioN to ; Holi, Ltn«r c~" 453- 455; in Gujarit. xii. det.aila of worship; DiNt, festival, details of }'ORWNlI-1:&LLUS : Allilichy&S, 7 i Vada.dras. 20. wllNhip. 3S7; chief days for, 356; is wor­ 29. shipped in the form of lighted la.mps. 356,307; FRAua: traveller (A D. IS21). 437 note 3. "!I"l4oh'd tire. ita worship, 356; 0.ffm~ •• FURB: Sir Bartle, 118 note 1. 4kily Gfferings m.de to. by Brthmaus, by FRIDAY: S.iMl"al't'dr, sacred to Venus, beliefs trading claaaet and crafamen. 356 J made to about, 40".3, 403. t:f'e Ventlll. ~plete religiotlll ee.remonies, sa. 37. 356; FROG: sacred to rain-god. worship of, 380. Bflltef'-> Slit). 357 ; devotion to the worship }'RnB: traveller (A D. 1670),78 note 1. ofs among FOreigners, 433, 441; m&-worship. FuLlIAl: temple_ of. ~ort.ld to by barren said to be introduced. by White HIiJ)as. 439; women, 363. instances of foreig'aers purilied by. and raiaeJ. FuLLlAllU: Major-General, his deireriptioll of to be Brahmanic Hindns, 438, .j49 ; BaptWra. Bbil huts, 296 note 2. of earts, 297 note 1, in Fire-pit on Moant A'b1l, 433, 431; popular of dress, 291 note 3, of mtage, 300 note f. ~ini.liation. ·'-&9 DoW '; Foreign tribes who FtrBlfI:rtrU: in town houses, xviii.; in village passed through, 433; ~gniku1a t.ri.bes raised houses, xix.; of BhiLJ. 291. St!e Dwellings. to be RajPlltlt by pusing through. ~, 483. Pil. on Moun' A:b1l, -taO; object of. 486; date of, .£S6 and Dote i ; 490 ; 493 J 501. "CHHAS: sub-sectil of Shvet!mbari division FlSllIRS : freshw~. Bhois, 5M-.305 i Uichhis, O of Shrivaks. their beliefs, their spiritual 566 INDEX.

head, 105· 106, 109 and note 1 i names of, GAY!vIu: BrAhmans, 9. _ lOll note 2. See Shravaks. GAZ-GAZ: tribe of foreign invaders, 469. GADDIS: race in the Kangra Mils, appa.rently GBDlYA8-: KoliL Bee KoUs. .S'akas, are Kshatriyas including Br.hlllans GEHLOTI : Rajputs. ~ee Sieodilas. and Raj puts ; familil'ij of, set apart for rchgions duties, 4:~8 note 1. GI!:ORGU: country, Gurjjaras of, 4Cg· 470. GAIHU>A: holy place of Svll.min&rayen sect, 549. See Gujar. GADH JUNO ancient fortress of Jnnagadh, GlIADI: water-clock, constl'llCtioll of, marking called so in poetry, 240 note 4. of time by, 2'1 note 1. GADUYI: Chltrans known as, 214. GaAMOT: family-priest, bill dutietl, W. louree GAJAN ~1ATA: Luck or Sri of ParihArs, 41\4,. of income, 23 • 2i. &e Brihman,. G AJJ AR: measurer, overseer in housebuild ing, GUIlfA: rice-pounding ceremony, 86. hu~ dutieR, 203. ~ee buthirs. GHANCHI-GOLA: lower Cla88CB of Ujli~"tu. (,A(,[.\BAS: indlgo-dJers, division of Bhavs4rs, people so c&lle(\, xi.... ]" 1. GHINeHls: oilmen, main divitlions J Rajput OAI,hA CUOTH: holy day, sacred to tbe moon, tribal surnames, lSI j oil-pressing i other I,ro­ \'> ll16L.ip of the moon on, 3~8. See Planet, fe8,iolls i religion; early beliefs, cu~toms,l82. 1\10011. 183. See Craftsmen. GAME'rrAS: Rajpnts, connecting link between GHAB.MANDALA: territory giviln to the Cho­ lower alld higher class Rajputs, 123. Mn, 484. G.bl.l'l's: early tribe, 2~O, 31~ • 319. GUATOBGAOH: son of Bbimaen P4ndn, SlI.iacl GAMTAs. IIl'O Gamits. Kah is supposed to live in stone-bust of, GANDHARA: KandaMr,4

313; R&dll.a-KrislIlUl, torm of t"i,hnu, lIS; nur;.\ horul', l:?J, 413,452,479; Rlppa ~alJ RJ,!J, 4,12 note 1; 2:-12; 313; 332; 345; to be founder of, 4.'lG note 1; are furd'~IH'rS 3'3; RallcModJi, form of Vishnu, 118; of not more than 1500 years' standll1g', "'4S.:! I q ,"lIll"I.,i/..'t, 36 ; Slu;'mleJ Def!, 292; 814 j thelr rule in Mevll.d, in south AUrwar >u 31~l. 3G3; SIt/imlriJ!' 73, 96; Sluo or KAthi.lvau, OrIgin of different housei' of M.lluldev, xxxvi. I 5; 12 note 1; 14 ; 64; 136; 126-126; their family goodeii/!, 130, ' IG~; 213 ; 3b2 ; 377 ; 433, 41.0; StddlwlUith, GonrLvAD: in KathiAvad, namcd &ftcr Gohih I:-hiv·sllll.g- raiseuat Sat as. 12 note 1; Samadia 125. • Dt't' or ::limario, 2~2 ; 313; 363; So-mll(ith: GOHO: son or A'bn king, Bh.ils trace descent lHllhAdcv, lOS; Tulalltsham (form of Lakshmi from, 2~-1. and Krlllhna), 266 ; Vci,qk DefJ, 292; 819; GOKARN MAH!1IALESJlV.A.R: pla.ce of pilgrim­ 323; VaduZ D~, 2~2; Fi,llllU, xxxvi.; 9 ; 6~ ; age, 54~. 118 j 13., j 213 ; 862 ; 383; 387; 388; 8111 ; GOX;UL _: town, sacred to Krishna, 9; place of 40\.1. pIlgrImage, lUI, 157, 176,220,549. ('OD.U)JI: Ch'ran poet and holy man, 220. GOKULASIITAlII: Janmashtami or hirthday of tiO[JAVA.RI river, is held sacred, 850,550, See Krishna, fast· Jay , 23 note 5, 115. 336. Rivers. GOKULNATHJI, descendant of Vailabha, 636. GOl'DESS : popular goddesses worshipped GOLA LAD AI: brawl, 185 antI note 1. among different, cla.sses, xxxv., XXXVI. ; ..d.'al/a, GOLA~: Rlcepounders, craftsmen, originally 136; A mba, A.mbd)i, 01' Amba Blta.­ RaJputs, ISol and no~e 1; trIbal surnames run.,consort of ~hiv, xxxv.; 20; 64; 177 ; 187, 183; ricepounding, tools; othM profes~ions' 1\16; 213; 220; 223 note 1 ; SOl note 2; h menials, 184; religlOn, early belIefs: A,,/~&pur' or A'ship.rna, 72; 136; 48-1 and customs, 185-186; Lundas or household 11010 1; A.81r, 200; BaAuekaraJl, Bechara, or slaves, their position, 234. Bee/wra)i, xxxv. j 20; 29 and note 2 ; 182 ; GOLIS: female servants or slaves in Rajput lSi' j 213; !!16 note 1 ; 218 ; 223 and note 1 ; houses, 147, 235-236. 277 note 1 ; 366; 880; 506; 607; Ballal, 216 note 1 ; Bhal'tbhti"" 2 05 ; Bhaf:ani, 272; GOllTl: old city, 9. ~!JJ ; 3G3 ; 501; .Bhildi Mata, lH7; Blust, GOllTIVALB: Br-ahmans, 9. 2 J 6 note 1; C Ilamuda, ] 6 ; 136; 205; GONDAL: Jadeja Rajput chief~hip, 126. ("all/ti, 138; Chavan, 196; Devii, 319; GOPITALAv: pond near Dw~rka.522. 3G3; Dlwrangad, 20;;; D1I.rga, 64 j 292; GOl'NATH : shrine of, ix.; 549. ::luI 1I0te 2; 420; GrlU?'i, 54 i Hajari Mata, GOR: PIlgrim's p1ie,t, dally life, 28. See uther n~me of A:dya Mata, ]37; IIln!Jldj, Br6.hmans. 1 It; ; 177; 181; 189; 200; 247, 520; Kat. GOBIS: Rajputs. 126. Ktiltl.4 or Kalka, xxxv. j 64 i 186; 187 ; 213 ; GORJIS: bhrd.va.k ascetics, 108-109. See Asce­ :.:16 not.e 1; 2!l5; 301 note 2; 493; K ankudi, tics (Shravaks). ~ 17; KltOdltid or .Kkodui,., 136; 247 ; 363 ; GOR-KATBI: Kani:illka's gn>o.t fJ,k;'r at ['03 ; LaJ..skflliJi, 16; Maltalaklltll6i of KolM­ Peshiwar, tra.nslated as Trader's }101i.se. 450. pur, I:! j of Shl'imal, 13; 97 i 98 i 200 j Malia Gosv.. hu: or Gosainji, lord of co~:s, title of .JJa!la, 205; J.fahi, river, 211; MalldavN, VallabMcharya Mahir.ljas, 530. ] 3.) ; Mar;' Mata, 323; Matang, 205 ; Melaeli, GOTRA.l: family goddess, wor~hip of, in reli­ 2t7; 3:{S; 363; 417; Meill/at, 200 j Osta, gious ceremonies, 31, 32, 36; house goddess, 9i; pu.n:ati, wife of Shiv, 14; 16 ... ; 165 ; 93,9-1,100. l~'G; 220; 381; 383; 385; 388; Ral/,dtJl JUt", GOTBAS: family stocks, in each Brahman 122; Revali, 366 ; Sackat, 98; BakU. XXX:v. j division; iutermarriage~ among. 2; clan .'r/ mudri, 71; 74; Sal'asvati, ] 9; Sav.tri, badge or Br6.hmans, seem to be BrahlDan's lklhlDlL'g wife, 15; 502; Slukotri, 336; sea.l, 436 and note 1. :{(o3, 520 ; Silala Mdta, 368; Sola/lid, 205; GOVALDEV: worshipped by early trIbes, 363. [TmIYG or Umta, other name of Pal'vati, 11>4; GOVARDHAN: mountain, 388. ] r.::i; 226; Vaeh,.an, 2u5; Vagande'Di, 878; GRABAN: see Eclipse. , Vdglt.eskvari, 13; 200 and note 3; S7S; GaAHARIPU' Xbhir of Junagadh, his fight WIth Fti /Ileal, 16; Verai, 205; 2.J.7; 363; Vl,.dhya MulraJa. t:iolAnki, 497. rciSlllt, 136; worsh'ppM'8 of, among Bhatttia, GRAHU: stle Pianets. 116; Bha,."cid" 2(;8 j BMts, 213; BMflsarll, G1HIUSHANTI: plll.net-soothing ceremony, de­ liS; Bralima·Kshafris, 66; ChdrllfU, 220; tails of, 42-43. See Brahmans. Elrly Ti'ibes, 29J ; D.blas, 817; KaehiLias, GRAHASTH: laymen, Br-.ihman section &cCOl'J­ 1;)1.; Kana;" 156; Klud7'ts, 189; Kul'8,2!7; ing to calling, 2 and note 2. See Br.lhmall~. .Moe/Iis, 19io j RabciT18, 288; RaJPuts, 135; GalIN: worship, at harvest tIme, on no­ Sara8vata, 18 ; SUItIC, 200; Stl.tI&ar8, 205. moon day of Sh7'avcIT6 mouth; in Bltcidarfla, OODHO: Nandi Xkhlo, 314. 389; on Dluara festila.l; on lJakar GODIA P ANTlllS: S6e Rehgious Secl;;J •• Salikra/tt j on fil'bt day of Kdl'ttk; on Ria/Ii UOHATYA: dt'rivation of the name, 469 note 1. PcilkJhe11t, 390 ; objects and form of wnrship GOHILS: ruling RaJ put tribe, also called of .1. dad, Barley, Gram, M a ,ze, IMha n Guhlots anti Siso.liyas; R~na of Udaipur, M.llet, Rice, &,

ButS: bonellmun, ploughmen of An/\v&l.ls. HOLID.£.TS; chief, oblll'rved by BltOllSids, 336; 5 and" tiote ,2. 6; among Kolis. 2it i among lJkuI. 30.:;.307; Kayastha, 66 i Jlajp1ds, DubUs, 817. 136 ; SMamkl, 113-U5 ; other classes, lJ \) ,; H.urox.. hr: monkey god, un. ; 12 and note 1 ; 157:; 169-170 j 173; 175; 213; 226; 269; 292; 811; 321 ; S:l3 i 8:12; 335 ; 841; nature ' AHtitr;j or .Al:sha!latritiga; .Asl.tid,. sud of offeriogs roMe to, 362; 3G3; 3S3; 409; 11th; Bale'fl or Cocoanut Day.; Bhau.-BIj j S},uio(> of, at Gumandev, Dlibhodn, and Bhim­ Bol-cholla; Dasaro; Dsv-D,,:ali; DIVali:; por, VlAited by pilgrim!!. 51!), DifJaso j GaneM.-~haturthi; Noli; Jamna IIANUM...lND.A.s DivA: a Bharvad B&int, 271. ..I.tahtami or Gokal A81uamt; Ka)ldrij lIAUA: a branch of ChoUns, 484.. or Jaf1"Kci;li ; Kart:adtl-cltath,; NafJpa1kkm,; HABDL'J: the Preacher, 1it!n'&1 mea!lingof. his N avrain,; Noli flam; Jlam navmi; Ru,h;­ mode at preaching, 2:)-26. See Brahmans. PallChmi.; Scl.nK,·ant; SM1Jra~,'i, or Maha II ARDV An. t place of pi4,"l"image. 549. 8hivratri; Shravall Monda!!,.; SUi Batnn; HARIA DEV: 292 l 814. VdU!J, bara8. For details see particular lIAR RAlflI: a Solanki, married a ChohAn names. princess, 487. HOBDB: Foreigners. COn8titution. 455. 459 j HARSHA: S'ri, ruler of Magadh, belief about his St(wt and Prog1"e8S of, 455-4liG, 459-460; former existence, 4-}1·44, 167, 168L See Kanbis.. MatJa. 570 INDEX.

IMPOTENCY: belioved to be cured_ by bath in Vedic ..ites, 81 note 8; performance of. Man Sarovar, 366. during girding ceremony, 87. INDIA.: frontier of, 446 note 4. JA.TS: warlike tribe in the Panjab, SinJh, and INmAN: settlements aud influence, 'both Bud. Ra.jputAna. claim to be YAllan, 441 ; rille of • dhibt and Brahman ouit o.t India, 437. 441, the tribe, 452 ; '53 and note 8 J 454 and now 4 to and note 4. 2,464; 465. INDRA: deity, prcsidtug ever sky-wa.ter, .247~ JAUNDIClJ: see Kamlo. 3:1.8; over rain, his powers, 351. See God. JAVA: introduction of Dr~hmall and Budllhilt IND1U_TTA. Br:thman, said to ha.ve passed into details into literature and a.rchitecture of, dead body of king Nanda, 437 note 2. 441; Hindu king of, 401. INFANTICIDE.: female,. among Kanbis.. 166, JAVLA: or Javala, family name of great 167 ; among Rajputs, 141; Act, 161, 168. Toram4na and Mibirakula, 45~ J lcRllin& l'lTEROALARY: month, 349. See Adhika. stock name of sixth century White Hu~", I 'l rmREST : natiV'e system of calculation; entry 438. 111 V1lJt5j- Vahi or Interest-Book, 85 - 88. lIlee JAVLAs: Brahmans. traditional origin of, 438 ; Books (Account). subdivision of Panjib Gujau, 490. ] ~TI!ln.BAT BOOK: 85. See Viyaj-Vabi. JAVADAMAN: son of S'aka Cha~htana, fonmler I HI T All. B'(1l.O'J: ~ Cha.ran poet, a.uthor ot Harirlts, of K4thiavlt5, 4Gl. 4G9; slUk J A'l'KARMA. : Lirtb. • rite. the si dh of the their own nAlllQ and cuntinue the honoured INDEX. 5il

ti Ill' of Kushan, 462; in' aue)'s of India. from KAKA: or devotee, officiators of Matia Ranbia, the north. 469; their fIIot'emcllta, driven by 168. the Turks from Central China. (.6..D.350), pass­ KIx,tBALIA.: 01' Ka.ko Balio, small-pox god ed north and drove the Kcllaras out of B&1.kh 29'.3, 363. See Saiad KAka. ' (A.D. 3bO), attacked Persians and were wors~­ KAlLADI: fruit, worshipped by widows object of ed hy Behram Gohr, 456,471, 47-i.; reinforced worship, 384. ' by Ephtbalites or White HliQll8 in the Oxus KAUliXI: Vishnu's last incarnation, as a Valley and conq11ered Persia, 456, 471, 472, horse, 376. 47 -io j &S~ociatcd with contingents from Kushan, KALATIYAs: Brahmans,.10. KcdAra~. 461; SWl'pt into India through KUllAlfA. :, aut~~r.of R'jata;angini, 438. Kabul Valley (tifth century), 433, 455, 461, KALRJ.u;lA 8 : dinslOn of PanJ.ib GurJjaras, 490. 4GG. 471; said to have held a subordinate KILl: Matt\. or ·goddess, favourite deIty her pO~lti..)n in the grc!l.t White Hlitta invasion; Dature, xxxv., xxxvi.; also known as Kalika llUlil\ni:wd into Uurjjara or Gurchar the cow­ or KAlka., 216 note 1; 493; form of Dun's. berd, 4lG ; identification of G ujj'lra with, not at Pavllgad, SOl nete 2; shrine of, xi., 180; J!NveJ. 471 ; introduc<'Il BuddhlSt aud Brah· 549; 34; 187; 213 ; 295. lIlaD details into the literature and architec. KALI rARAJ: dusky race, general name of tnre of theIr settlements in Java, Siam, aud early tribes~ x. Cambo(ha, 41:1 j strong fire reverence element K.1LIXA: see Klili. ill, 447. KALXA: see Rali. JUB-JUB: see Ju.in-Ju4n. KALPASUTRA: life of MaMTira, 114 and note 2- J t"GGL!:ns: 20, 29, 225. KAI.Ttr: eleTenth.day funeral ceremony, 10. J ("LTAY: Emperor, hiB war with Sapor, 473- K..hfDBV: god, 36S. JUNAGADU: dynastic seat, ix.; fort taken by K.AMD"CGBA: heavenly cow, her sacredness. Mahlllud Shah Begads., becomes Muslim terri· 372. teo Cow. tory. 1 ~5; 240 note 4- KUlLO: jaundice, its cure, 365. Sec Disease. JUPITER: called Guru 01' Brihaspati, a planet., KANAXSJ!N: founder of Vadnagar, pOBSlblya 402. See Planet. grandson of Kushan kmg Kanisbka, 15 note JUSRI MAd: yoke goddess, worship of, in 1 j sat on Krishna's tbrone at nwarka; tbe ('Q\,tle-pox, S72. same 8il Karushka; CbAvdas and other Rajput J \-ALA- Mvxru: Bhojak priests of, 4ID. tribes claim an origin in, 462, 495. Soo' Kanishka. KANA,SWA.: inscription in MlIlwa (A.D. 738- T ARls: peol)le of Ka:bulisUn, settled at 739) ; the krm Kayasth used in, 59 note 1. I\ Dw ~r ka. 522. KAUAHLIY.{s: .l\lahomedan KM.rvas; origin· KANBIS: class of professional husbandmen, subdivisions, strength, and distribution, 153. cntt'rprbing sailol1l. 522. ' KABIn.: r ..liglO'tlS reformer of India, founder 154, HiS; derivation and meanmg of the of KulJirpanthi religious sect, 539. t:iee name, 154aud Dote 1; ori.91'1/" race belonging Kabirpanthis. to the White Htitta tribe of Gurjjaras or 4fl6. K6.1I1HPA~TRI: religions sect,539. See Reli. Ahhiras, 155, 491, 492, 4"; Foreign gious Sect&. element in, 453 ; 499 I Dress, 155; occupa­ K \ III BV AD: pmce of pilgrimage, 5-19. tion; conditiou, 156; Religion - various KADUL: BrA.hmanism 8upr~me in, 449 note 2 • sects; fll.ltb in early beliefs; superstitions. hordes of foroigners entered India fi:r::.'t beliefs in cultivation j animal worship; tltroligh the valley of, 455 ; 456; Turk rulers places of pilgrimage, 156-157; Customs­ of, annexing Kanibhka as au ancestor, 462, lIirth, Chhathi. worship ,157 ; Kanthi wearing ;. 489 note 2. Betrothals, Do~, 158'; Marriage, gliana KACIlU: Jadeja. Rajput chicfsbip, 126. ceremony, laganpatri,D1"aha{Jlujliti ceremony, K tCBllr..\S: IDarket gaI"lcners, professional 159; weddinll'ccremony,l6{); widow-marriage.. lau~bandmen; Cl'DSUS dl,talls I subdIVIsions, polygamy, divorce; Pregnancy, 161; Death cth~r pursuits, 153 I fllllowers of dillt'r(>nt ceremonies, shraddha ceremonies, 161-163;, relibious sects; holy men amolll!'; earl) belIefs; Communities, 163. ,A'nJana ; alllull~l worship I customs; 154. Raj put names, clans of; fol1uw(>rs. K "DAMD : tree, bt<1icved to be immortal, sacred of various religious sects j faith in {'arly til Kri ..hna. \\orship of, 384. belids; placcs of pilgrimage; WIUOW­ KAl){YAS: brick.layers, IIlllo eallud Uhun:.iras, m&rriage and divorce allowed in, 163-1G~ lSG. D,ill.qi: hill Kanbis, said to be originally KADPHISES: Chinese-Turk ruler, his intention XOJana, 164. to wold hiOi Bnktrian subjects "ith hiS DeW A,dra: strength and distribution. 153, Hindu subjects by common rcli).,-lon. 4l2; 104; origin, 164; trace of Gujar Kniub Kad}lhiscs aud Vema Kadl!hi.res, 456 origin, 496, 499; three 8ubdivi-iolls m illIte S. Burat, divh.ions of Kulia and Aku1ia in KADVA.: sec Kanbis. south GUJaral.t. professional divi"ions of Ka.'UNA.K DBV : gOtI,363. artisans and peasants, 161,; curious 1, .\lL.6.N..l : gl){l.1ess, 4~3. maniage customs of, application of tile Illfan.tJcitlt' Act to, wi.1ow-nld.rri,lge aud K \l \'0' naUio of !lbil race I 294. I K~'JLI'TIUJ: or Jav-K.lJli, barky-gta,\u holi- divOl'ce allo"OO among, 165-lG6, aPlXllr" d.l,Y, (,u. iu l:ajputana as Kharia 9ujars, 400. ~72 INDEX.

Lem: strength and distribution, 11)3 KAR1'U1': tree, watshil'pod t.') al)l1('a,C I'l-me\. ]66; tra.ce of Gujat origin. 49~ ~92 Mallual, S8i. 499; social division of PcUidd.rr and KABulDA: D&khaui Br~bmall', ruNern imlu,' Kanb" J Kulia atld Akulia divisions gr~ts in OujarAt, 2,497 note 8; !laid to be of P4tidAn; position and inllo.enee of shIpwrecked stran~erll made IkUlmana by Patidars before British rule, 166· pel'­ Parshur1.m, 436,4.,38, 491; strn.nger clelllcut qll.isi~e81evied by P3.tidlrs, 166 no'te S J shown in., xii. note 5, 497, 4~IS ; OUJ-ar orlgm of lIlatTlage customs, application of the Ratn:1giri K~rhad4s, 4~S and n,)to 5 GUO Infa.ntlcide Act to, reforIW! in marriage Stle Da.khan Brahmans. ,. customs, 167. KARIDAS: Dhed religious tCllchcr, 833. Matta: Piranfl., etrength anti distnbUtioll KAltlL SA.lfILRAlfTt: sacred tIa\" Sin 153, 161; 'Baid to be originally Lens KARNATA.K: Br.ihma.lll!.l not; 1; 51. miracles of Imam Shah of PirAna. thei~ KASBA.TlEI: MUialmin sailol'l of tio"\.· "1('\ 621. ",'la, " ", a.doption of his fAith, 167-168, followers of the Atho.rva Ved; their sacred book KASBl: see Banaras. 8"'/"8"'a patri j kaka or devotee' three religious divisions, 168; rite ~f sitl­ KATBAs: extracts from Pnr4ns, 2:;' removmg or I4lUJ-utarM ceremonT,l69 ; KATcls: of south Panjib, Kathis &cem to balf-Alusalmll.n half-Hindu holidays be,4G2. their places of pilgrimage, 169-170; K'{l'RIs: legendary origin of, 252 note 1 J half-Hindll balf-M.usalmAn customs, proba.bly wanderers from Central Asia, Baitl tQ widow-marriage and divorce allowed in. have, entered Kd.tlUAvad about A. D •• aOO; 170-172; VaisbnaT MatiAs, form of marriage of Dhan, Vala RaJput chwf of worship$ formatiol1 inlio .. separate oaste Dhank, with their le8.{ler U Inl o's daughter J 168. ' rise of three tribes of VUa. KMchar, and KAl.IfOABU.: see G4ndMra., KbumAn out of maniage. 252-253 I for many KAl'Ioo:t. I "illagc in Katmid.d, 10- generations Dha.n VUa K&thl!J B.II phlIldt·rel'l KANDOLIYA: Br:\hmans, immigrant. from round Than, their earth hunger, acl!UilHtion Upper India, 2, 10 J created to btld sacrifice of Jasdan, Chita.l, and other territory; gradual ~ 440; 110te 6.' • reformationtestahUshmcnt of of(k'l' in J~t­ KUlKA I tha.t is &niehka. king of -the pur, in Chit~, 253; in Jasoon, 2G4; disturb­ GUllhtl.Il,470 note S. See Kanishka. ance of Gir bill Kathis, their leader B4va K4l!fISRltA: great KushAn king; founder of Villa, capture and imprisonment of Captain A_D. 78 or S'ab era, 461; grea.t reviver of Grant in the hills, 25J., 255 !loUd note I; BUb­ Buddhism, 445 nete 1); his fight with the jugation of KhumAn and Kbdellar trilx'S; Dragon, 441 ; worked out broader Buddhism, existing possessions. 256 ; history of, in Forbes' 442, overthrew caste privileges and divisions, Ras MaI.1a., 252 note 1; by Colonel Watson, 41<3 note 1; bis great tJiU,. at Peshawar said to have come from A81a Minor, 2:;8 J 450 ~ adopted Greek gada and Greek coin~ from Nepal, 260; probable date of their and legends, 456 note 3; believed to he entrance into KAthiadd, 259-260, 2G1-262; Kanaksen, 462, 495 ... Kanika same as t -470 Dewan Ranchodji's account of, 2G2 J note- 3 ; SMUvahltn that is Kanishka, 443 subdivisions, ShaUdgat& and 4mrlitil, note 1. - meaning of names, 253, 259, 261, inter­ Kuxu:bl: goddess, 247. ,ma!riages among, _252 note 1 J affinity with KANOJA: Kinn Kubja, luhdi:vision of Gaud A1llrs. 261 j Religion; Cnstoms, 2:>7. BrAhmans, 1 note 1. KA.TBODL(s: Early Tribe, 290, 319-320. KiNPBATAa : ShalT Jogis, 643. KAl'PXTIAS: sellers of old furniture and house K,!lI'sb.\s; copper-smiths, Pb£gad theit building materials, 200. original home; origill J surnames; traces KAYASlBS: class of writers. early rcfl'1'ence to, of Rajpnt blood ; subdivision. J family­ d. note 3 ; 59 l10te 1; claim descent from goddess, 186; worked in metal; religion' Chitragupta. 60 and note 2; tilree branches places of pilgrimage, 181- 4lUStoms a.,raa; of, in Gujarltt; V 61m.'k, eettlcment, inliuellt"6 guild, 188. • and position under the Mogbal, Britiah. and KANTIfi: old name lot' the -shole of Lcbh.. Oa.lkwgr rule. dress. 60, 61; Vaiahnavs , 240 Iiote 2; basil thread, ~9. by religion, customs, 61, 63. Mdtluw, drcu, ){A.1fTRX!L: .crofula# it. enre. 366. Se. - religion, 64. ; customs, elephant worship, 63 ; Diaease. special holidays, 66, 67 ; B1atft{/,!lra, descen~ K!ln:AJrUJ1,f4: see Xanoja.. Vaishnavi by religion, C1lStomll. 67-6ti. lUI'DlIl'UI t cloth-water ceremony dllring KBo.uus: invading horde of Foreigners, also death rites, 59. - - ' called Little ¥llechi (A.D. 380), 4i6. t66; KAl'Il'o: seer, 10. passed doWll. by Chit.ral and Swat to Pesha­ KAl'lL,LnnUlI , blal)k cow,li'e1' sacredneSs. 372. < war (A,D, 390), 470; conquered iu Wetwm See Cow. India, 433; staunchness to BuddhiaUl., 4-18 J KUlLS, 13l'lthmans. ~ 10. ' 1 Gujar identification with, 469) 470. JtAtoOLS: V'niM, '11. KU!Di1s: lower class of Rajpnts, 123. KBL: plantain, w<,ramp of, SS1. KA1U.N-GJIlIL011aSt V6.ghela llrinc~ 127. KB...vOJ MA.d.: goddess, 485- Kuru 1 sml note 1. &>8 Comet. J.{A.UVDACRO'r.ft: water-jug fourth, 67; wor- KEV.u: godJed, Kuldevi, of Bh,U.i Guj \r8 453- ahip C)f the'moon on. 398. S~ Planc~ (M~ '. , INDEX. 573

KSVALD!s: lIAj£m aaint of P4lanpur, 233. BIirJa settlements, 472 note 1; two elenlents KfUDAB PIB : Mu.s&lmf.n saint. 622. of, Ak;Khazar or F&ir Khazar and Kan.. KUADA'!: village near Printij, KbadAyat4s Khau.r Qr Ihrk Khazar; detiCription of two ,na.med frollll 10, '12- elements, history, {7S-{740; White Khazare KH!.DAYATA8: BralmaM, said to be immigrants found settled in north Persia (close of the fiftli from Upper India., 2, 10; VQtlUU, 72. C'}ntury), 474 J their movement to join White KUADIYO' : quarter of AhmedAbAd city occupi­ H61}aB of Badegbis with whom they passed ed by Brahma·Kahatris, 61>. conquering into India, 469, 475-476; Gurjjara KSADWA: or Kadva elasa of Gojarit ~bis. became the name of. b.r which the bulk of appears in Rajputltna as Kharia Guja.ra, 490. the glt'&t sixth century horde was kno~ &!e Kanbis. 4.76 ; 43"; .&46; 449 • 455 J 456. 461 i 469 ; KUAGH•. h.: stock name of Nahap4na, 4.97. 470. ~ Gujar. KnlKuAB: holy plant, 87 and note 1. KUIDA. : OJ' Kaira. head-quarle1'8 of Kaira Dis­ KUA KUARO: basWd teak, believed to be home trict, 10. of Drahm', worshlp of. 384. KXBDAvALS: Br'hmans. 1; origin of name; KnILPAS: cen9UI detailll, SU i other names, chief settlements ~ traditional origin; divisions origin, customs, 845. !H6. l1aj and -11M".. into, origin of divisions, hHAKBnlY As: memorial atones, 363. See Stone. 10.11. KRAlfTS: Kolis,4l4t. KUID·BBAlDfA; place of pilgrimage, 6409; Kaua: Gujar, cla-ss of Gujarit Kadva Kan­ temple to Brahm' at, xxxvi. bis appears in BajputAna as; considered KlIBTRA1'AL: guardian spirit, xxxv.; 200 j god lower 490. of boundaries, 292, 854- KHAUslst; milkbusb, worshipped for favour KmJAl!.o: Sami tree, its use in building mar­ of Bl,irit. BhAnumati, S85. riage pillar of Bbarvadit, 269,270 ; itll dread ; KnARvA8; seafarers, 019; strength, 520 and Memo or maternal uncle spirit hving in, 270 note 1; clawl KoU and Rajput origIn, 519. and notes. 520 alld note 2.; divisions and branches, KruJDA: soo Kbijaro. ... 019, 520; Uajput and Gujar't 8lll'IUUnes ; KUIMO : Dheda B&lllt, S41. history and traditions, 52Q-ii21; KacU and KBODd.D MAT!: goddess. shrine at RBj&pur Ktitltia17dd, three divisions, 519. 520; C... nee.r Sibor, worsbipped b.r Gohils, uxvi., bay. 519; SoutA fJ"jarat. divi&oua-Sllrati, 136; 247; 363; 603. \) UAusoti, KbambhAti; appearance, dress, KUOLOBBABVO: lap-filling, 31, 32. See Preg- fooJ, chamcte1', occnpation-Slillors, builde" nancv. . of bridges, house·buililillg, tile-turning; other KIDNBY l)JSBASB: see Nmhboi. pursuits; f'tmlings; religion. 621; customs, KIDs: worsbip of. offerings of, 57. 522. See Seafarers. Krt.LIDAa8 : ktl<'per of Vania's shope, 79. SO.. KSAs: the military of NepAl, originallY a small KING: divine origin of, worship of, belief in clan, hiatory of its origin, its rise, admitted kingwonhip &mOD[L' different 1l&tioDs, 441 to loe Hindus, 461. 452 and note 2 ; {6S and note 1, 442 and not.e 3. WORilm.pl'.Kl(S, note 2. sect of, 4!l. note 1. II KHAT: newly-created ma1l by Karan, the KINGIPISHM ; called NU/.:(Jnth. or CM,. believed }'lah6.bh:1rot. hero, the Kathis claim descent to be an incarnation of Sbiv. worship of, 382. from. 202, Dote 1. KIRTANS: tbanksgiving songs, 25. KBA:r.i·V Am t ledger account, contents of. 83, Kro.CBB·LO: name given to Gurjjara. country 84,. See Books (Accol1l1t). by Billen Teia.ng (A.D. 639), 479. KJd.TPl1,JA: earth worsbip before foundation KODIS"AB: or MUla·Dwmka., xi. stolle is 11\\.1. details of, 404. . KotL : see Cuekoo. I' KBATRAB: funeral memorial stones, 363 ; offe .... KOLGAS : early tribe, 321J.321. iugs made to, 407. See Stones. KOLIa,: strength and distnbution, 237; mean­ KHATRI DET: pillar of wood, worship of, 292. ing of name, 237 ana note 1, 455 note 2; KlUTRIS: an important class in northern origin, said to be aborigiuals of plains or Itt

-Mrth, CLhathi worsbi p, 248 ; nl~rl ia.!:ic, four KSHATRAPAS: meaning of; elalUlet.l to be 1\: .. 1>&. form~ of, cercrnonlL's ill, 218-250: divorce I toy as, 445 "nd Dote 7; lluddhi.':It, convlllttJd poly[.(alllY, 250 ; death; social pOf!ltion, 251. to BrahmanislIl, 441. Sa" 01'8 and .Pul!et"8, olD, 523-524. KSHATHlVAS: ruling or wan-ior daws, aJmi~­ Bd) iLt origin al\,1 hiijtory, 244. sian of fortligners into, of tJWl.t!iduul Chll11wi71'las: al,o c&llNl Jabangrii.s, name, cOWjtUJTDrS, Hindu thOOfll'S hion of CU1/fjIUi"fJ'·'. Kanbis, 241. trtbe or Hord6 among, 443-4i5. lUstanC(>S (Jed I!/as : consiuered highest tribe of Kolis, of form of name making IlA.IUlltitiioll easy. 2-t4-245. 445-446; instances of certain inva'\"rB who It//!! vfs: bort1ererQ, wild tribe, their chiefs entered India as aHie. beiug ~el'W u. known 118 11[t!r, their early kaders DhAndh 447; instances of certain of the inva.terll K h.l.llt, P ,~tal Kha,nt, J esa or ,Telling, th.tlIr by devotion to Drahmana obtaining pu..ilioll flllue\ .. menta, 240 and notel> 2 to 4, !!41 and as, 448450; modern instanctl8 of cIaSSt. nnte 1. gaining rank.. a.mong. 451-452; in .. tanct::8 .Pdtall'vadi!Jas: meaning of name, 2H and of foreign tribe. gaining rank among l{aj pllt~. note 2; high-spinted and daring tribe, AtI,nlculfl8, 443, 449 J Sl8odtd.f or 60111'1s, sllcc<"s,ful sohli .. rs and robbers by land and 443, 452 ; ChukT1lfJ.lJ ill the Chittagong lIil\".. se~. ~41; suceessos by land (A.D. 1535 and 451; G1WkhQ8, nas, Jats, 4;)1- 4:i2 ; 17ll3) ; expellitions and victories by sea Marathd8, 4402 note 6 on page 443, 452 I in .'arly years, as pirates in the Gulf' of foreign invaders who aided t.he llraluua.n8, Cam huy, their reputation as skilled and admitted as, 433, Yavanas, Pu.hlav8s, 446, dar1l1g Rea.men, 241 note 3; worst pomts, KllSban, Jue-Jue, Kbazar, Turk, WhIte HUQa, Mala Ktl.ntha Kolis hired to commit 447,449, Gurjjaru, 448, 459; UpPN class burgJu.rie~ In Surat, 242 and note 3; good of Musalm6.n captives of war (A.D. lOG4-1H3, points, 242 and note 4; Bishop HeLer's A.D. 1177-1179), 443,444. See Foreigner. (1pseril'tion of, 2.42-243; attempts to KSHA.YA I see ConBuIllptiOlil. plunder in Kaira (A.D. 1832-1835), peaceful KUBER PANTS: 048. Soo IteligiouB Sects. L1H,handmen, 243. KUBLAI KUN: great .MaDl'bu Emperor of Sltidls : alice noted pirates, 245. China, policy towards hia suhjects, 41.2. Tcdabdas : also called Dh.tral.l.s, meaning of KUMARru.: a blwdta, .fir.t of the religious na.me, their origin, x., 243 and notes 2 and founders or apostles, 633- 8; RaJput marriages with I subdivisions, KUMBHA.RS: po~ters, other names, 180 and nute 243 and note 4; peaceful husbandmen, 2,; tools, pottery, 189-190. Colonel Wilha.ms· description of, 244. KUSAND: diviSIOn of Gurjjara8, 470,491. PaUlolllds: strain of Bhil blood in, 215 and KUSH: lion of RAm, Kuaane Gujjaru claim note 1. descent frour, 471. KOLVO: Charan bhagat, 220. KUSHA: grass. See Dal'bha. KONKANASTH: Brahmans, 438. See Chitpa.­ KUSHAN: capital of Ta-Gaz-Gaz in Farghina. vans. 470 note 2. KONKNAS: Early Tribe, x., 290, 321-322. KUSHA.NS: Hords of Foreigners (s.c. 130). KORS: second name of the tribe of KasMns, 455 ; called Great Ynecbi, 469; eloments in 470, 471. Subordinate traders of Sindh the horde of, that entered IndIa {B.C_ 50), Kh.atri caste, seem more likely to be Lohl!.nas 456; S'a,us and Kush&ns practically the or Bhati,\,s, 491. same; Greek influence on, before tht ir KOTA : cow-killing tribe on Nilgiris, 469 Dote start (B.O. 120), 456 note s; conquered in 1. Westtrn India., 4S:S; suggested rela.tionship KOTYA.RKESUVAR: of Khadat Mahndi, fa.nlily with Kush, descendants of Indians n,lt deity of KhadAyatas, 72. likely, 445, 446; fire-reverencing oiemeIft in, KOUR1~I:)CU: llllSwdtiug for Harsha, 444 Dote U7; Guj:i.rs' identitie&.tion whh,470 ; 4Gl ; 4. 462 i 469. See Foreigner. . KRISHNA: incarnation of Vishnu, xxxvi.; 530 ; Iloi philosopher and expounder of the eclevtlC seLool, 632; worshipped by VallabM­ LADDHO KAOlIRO: Khavb of Gonclal. 236. eM-ris, 535; hl'!O of the MaMbharat, 531 ; LADs: M~shrl Vo.nias, take name from L:~t· peacock his favourite bird, 881; Kadamb desh i A'sMpuri their famil! deity; .LM tree sacred to, 384; 'offerings of flowers to, women noted far taste in dress, 72. 409; said to be born in &d-Gujars. 482; LA.HX·UTARNl: sin-removing ceremony among bis defeat in Dwarka, his people retired west Matia Ka.nbie, 169. and north to Gajni and bamarkand after LAKHTAR: JhfUa Rajput chiefilhip, 127. his defeat, 446 note 4 ; Kanaksen set on the LAJ:SH:MANGAJ!.'S PUTS.: MS. See Iteligiolll throne of, at Dwarka, 462; 4; 9; 10. Sects. KBITTIKA: star chamber, 352. LAKSHlllJI: goddess, xxxv. 16. KaODTYAS : Un-Indian Buddhist canvert~ LALA: meaning of term, 61 and note 1. clallD Buuha's relics. 446 note 1. LALBEG: :\lu:!II.lman saint, 336. INDEX.. 575

ULnAs ~ Sadhu, Mindvi saint. object of Bban· lIAcMu2DO: Captain, hla description of SodLa salis' reV81'ence, 116- Parmar women, 128.. LALlAa: Dhed\s in ElllOpea.n service, known MADAlI: god CUPId, arrows of, 382- as, :sa9 and note 2. MAJ>HVACH.bI: 181. SlOe See Religions gaeta. LALO! t;oni Magid, 201. l\UDHATACHAII.YA.: Orissa Br'J.hman, founder of LALVADI: wake-charmer, 1(. Brahma ~alllprad~ya., 534. L ... ~p: worshIp of fire as, 356. MADHAVGAIt'SPU1:If: 546. feeReligiousSectl. L.ufGt:AGB: Gujar.. ti, xiv.-sv.; peculiarity of, MAGAR: see Alligator. Dev, 380: among Drahma-Kshatris. 56; Dhedb, S39 MAGII: Sanskrit poet, Shrlmali Brahman, 19. and note 2; Early Tribes, 290; M'rw.l.ris, MAGR: Pecsl.an priests, styled as Berman or 103 j Rajputll, 130; bhravaks. 98; Vanih, Brahman, 440 note 4. '15. MAGHA. : made Brahmans, 500 ; priestly class of Ul'-PltLTNG: ceremony. See Pregnancy. south Moirwdr, said to bl\ Mihira Brahmans, LASCARS: skilful long-voyage sailors, 519, 5:!1. 439 ; their origin; snggest1!d to be Zoroastrians LAT'DI!SH: old nallle of south Gujarat, Lads or Mobeds; worship of Mihire8hwar illtro' n .. ml'li afte::-, 72. dU<''-6d by, priests . t:> Oi;WUS and e>ther­ LATHI: Gohil Rajput chiefsbip, origin, 125· ~Iarwar :::hra\'aks, 4iO and bote 4; Gnrjar 126. element in, 500. tee Mihin. Drahmans. LAVA: SOil of Ram, Bir-Gujars claim descent MAGIC: skill in, of Ind13n Brahmans, of Bud­ froIO, ·132. dhists, of Tartars, of the Hyrkanian l\wud, Lu AS: or Lors, Ajmel' GujaTs, origin of, 437 and notes 2 to 6. counectiun \\ith GUJar't. Kanbis, 491, 492. M.A.GICIAN: Audichyas as, 7. Gorj is &5, 110; J~A·n(A..."f: 8ee GTaha8th. Buddhists, 437 n:lte 6. • LEDGER: account. See Kh8.ta·Vahi. MAGons: mihtary tribe, become Hindus, 452. LBGkYT: Major, his descriptlOn of Bhlls. 295 MARABHARAT: the epic poem of the heroic note 2 ; 2l!6 !lote S ; 297 note 2. age, Krishna as its hero, 531; Bhag"ad Glta LIlLY: Mr. F. S. P., on K.olls, 231 note 2. included in. 532; authority in, of Brahman LlPBOSY: disease, ittl cure, 365. Set! Disease. marriage with lUly of the foul' castes, 435, 445 LEV A: uivi&ion of GUJar ... t Kanbu. See, note S, 447, 448. ~ee Ep.cs. Kanbis. ~IAUADEV: god. See l::hlV. LE\ DEN: poet and ~cholar, his desire to rank MAHAJAN: cOUUCll of leadinJ? meu among Europeans among K"hatrivas, 442 note S. MaTwaris. 105; Soni8, 200 ; VaUlaS, 95. LICBHAVl8: L"u-Indlan Blludhist cOllverts. MAlLhrALI: goddess, xxxv. claim Hoddha's rdic~. 446 Dote 1. MAUALAKSUMI: goddess, xxxv., of K~lhaF.1', LIGHT: element, deity presiding over, SiS. 12; Shri, oj Mrimal, daughter of the sage Stitl Fire j TeJas. Bhrigu,73, 97, 9S, 200. • LuucH: goddess, sbrine in Pattan, 230, 233. MAHA-:3iU.YA: goddess, xxxv. ; 205. LI3IBllI: JUIA Rajput cbiefship, 127. MAHANAllYA : great name-tellIng Vedic rite, 31 LUlBDO: ,"m tree, regarded as home of note S ; performance of the rite, t'S. Vishnu, worsbip of, In attack of small-pox; M1HAR : title of respect among Gujars, 493. juioe of, drunk on tlrst of Chaitra, 385- MAHARAJAS: great kmgs, title ot the de,cen­ LING: phallus of Shh-. xuv.; 531; 541 ; drop­ dants of Vallabhu., religious heads of Valla· ptng of water over, 348, 355. See Shiv. bh.\ch.l.Ti sect, 56, 6], 89 ; 536. LIZARD: 380. MAHABASHTRA B&Au'!(A~s: Ilubdivision of LoHANAS: tl-aders, xi. note 3 j strength and DrAvld B .. ahmans, 1 nute 1. dl~trlbnt.ion, 69, 121; naDl~. ]21 and notes ~AHA. ~ARASVATI: goddess: Un'. 1 and 2; ruvisions, religIOn. 122 ; said to be MAuAsHIVARATR.A.: Shiv's Night, ~ note 5- of Afghll.n origlll, 453 and note ]. MAHAStlIAN: great place. onginal settlement, LoRKOT: taken to be LAhore, 4n; fort of. in 1; 4. Kashmir, 491 and note 6. lliHATXYA8: tbat is glory-describing tracts, LONGING-SOOTHL~G: nte.::;oo Garbha-Ra.kshna. 03J. Ste Purans. LoNltlG.lCHHA: sub-sect of I:::hwta.Ulbari MAHAVIl!'.ASv.bu: (B C. 521). last Tirthanw oi Sbravak-.l0S·106. See Shrank (Religion). Shrhaks, 110; 114 and note 2. LuHAII.S: iron workers, claim descent from MAHAWA."'SO: BuJ.dhi.'It historical work, 445 Plthvo j created by i>:irvati; trlb4 1 a'ld local note 5. surnames; six dhisions, 1UO ~ craft, shop, llAuI : rive!'. family goddess of Ma.bi Kant a toulg, rehgioll9 sects, 191; customll. 191-192. Kolis, xxx'l., 217. LUNAR: tiomvansi race, movement fnm MAUIAs: a tUlbulent tribe, claim Kathi origi 1, Dwarb to the Wllst and north to Gijni and 263. ~amarkaud after d~fe'l.t of Krishna;; said to MAHliUD BEGADA.: (A.D. 1500), his destrllct:on ha.ve founded Jesalmir on. thea return. to of BoNad town and its people, S. India, 446 note 4. MAReDA. : liquor, xxx. LUNA\'A.OA: Slllauki Rajput chiefship, 129- J.lA.lTHILA : subdivision of Gaud Brahmans) 1 La NllAS : see \iOU.8. note 1. ~IAITII.A][.lS: that is Mibiras, Meds, or Men, ~l.6, 492. See Mihiras. 'l{lcHRn: ~eafarers. strength, name, divi­ MAllll:: grain, wOnJhip of, 39L J.l sions, origin, 519; character, occupationr YAnx : M(b/l preparation. :xxxiii. t!ee b ~liefs, 520. See l:iea.faren. Yakucli. B 21S1-7S 576 INDEX.

J\{AKAI1,DHV j\.l ~ founder of J eth vii'S, 127. MASISO: monthly death ceremony; perl'ormOd MAK AR HAlfKRANT : holy day, 394. by Brihmans, 50,; V6.ui4s, 95 ; Kanbia. 16a. MAKAvAT.NAG,\RA.: Ghar Mandala, territory MAST.tSS: Anlivala llrAhmaWl. known u glvcn to Chohans, 484. meaning of, 4 and note 1. ' MAKHAN DEYr. goddess, story about lamp MASUDl: Arab wrIter, 43' alld note 7 ,; 439 burnmg at Rat.lnpur, 361. note Z, 470, note 2 ; 41)8, note 2. MAKV ANAS; HaJPuts, peasant proprietors, 130. MATAG: goddesB,'205. MAl,AVA: or Vlkrama era (B.o.67) foundation J\'IATA MER1: she-camel, 377. of,462. MATAIll: deities or goddesses of nortb Glljttr,lt. MALA VAS Malloi of Mult.l.n, conquered Mlilwa, xxxv. Seo Goddesses. founded MalaYa cra, 462. MATHU:U: place of pilgrimage, 119; 167 J MALCOLM: l::hr John, 60 note I); Dotice of 168; 176; 220:; 549. 11hats and their mode of revenge, 210 Dote MATIA: see Kanbl8. 3; of Chal'd.lll! as guards or valava8, 217 M.(TRl G ATA: Sidhpur 80 callel, 54!). tl"teA 2 anu 3 I 295 and notes 1 and 2 ; 482 MATRIKAS: goddesses. lDstallation of, H. n.,t.· 7. MATSYANAGAR: soe Vail'litpllr. MALE M.\htNG : rite. See Pumsava.na. MATSYAVEDHk: fish test. 58 IIute 2. MALIA: Jadeja Rajput chlf'fsblp, 126. MA.VLI DEV: worshIp of, by Konkna.8, 29J. MALTS. professloual husbandmen, said to be MAYA, OR MAHU.(YA : S'akti Or Mat" 10 f ..ll- KanUis, religious sects followed by, fa.ith in ed, xxxv. . early beJwfs, snake worship, 103, 172. MC01UNDLE i hit Megasthenes, 1 note 2. lIULPUR: IUthoa chiefbhip, 128. McMuRDO: 48& notes 1 and 8. M.(LW.\-l)oIIAD : route, shrine of Kli.Uka on, xi. MEASLES: see Gobra. MAM'). Bpirit as mat'lrnal uncle, lives In MED: Mher, title, 463. khl j'U t) tree, bis dread, 270 and note 3, 281.· MEDAPALA: first capita.l of Gohi1s, 495 note 4" 285. MEDS: leaders of White HliQa hosts under the MANDAd.1I.: Saturday, 403. nam8 Mihiras ; 463 ; 479 ; -192. Sue Ml!fS. lrIANDAVR: god,257. MEGASTRENES : by McCrindle, procel

MIAd... : Musalm'n se&Iarers, 519, 522. See MOON: the~ a planet, worship, 396-401; olfer- Seafarers. ings, 409. See Planet. MIlIIR: or Mir, title of respect, 493. MORIS; Rajputs, l'ea.sant proprietors, 130. MIRIRAltULA: great White H~a conqueror, MonTADA: V4gheIa. chiefship, 129_ 439; 442, 459 I 487; great champion of Monvr' J .1deJa Rajput chiefship, 126.~ Brah1llans, 443 note 1 i Shiv worshipper, 442 MosALu: party of wife's relations on her note 3; first leaniug to Buddhism, diSgust father's side, going with presents to the h\18- for it, determiua.tion to Itamp out Buddhism, band's house, 940. 4.87-; oppression of Buddhist S'ak&s, 4!3 MOTA: village in Sura.t District, I, 12 and note 1; doing$ wlth the in vaden, 444 note 4: ; note 1. admitted to be a high caste Hindu, 44.3; MOTALAS: Brahmans. 1; places of settle· held to be a god, 501; glorified after death, ment, traditional and legendary account of 502 note 4; 4-10, note 4 ; 441. immigratlOn into Gujarat, 1; 12 aDd notes MlHIIU,S: also called MedII, 473; Sanskrit I and 2; cnstoms, 13. form of Med or Mer, 479 ; Mailrakas are the lIRAG-8l1IB: a mansion of the moon, 35S. II&me &8, 479, -192; leading invading horde, MnITYUSJA.YA.: death conqueror, name of 439, 455; name of fifth century honie, 434; Shiv, 531. leading elemeut in great White HuQa. horde, MRITYUNJAY.ur.A. JAP: prayers olfered to Shiv, 461 note 5; champions of Brahma.ns, 433 ; 531. respectful name for Gurjjaras, 479; either MUDAlI' : hair-cutting. or head-shaving or caul, Gurjjar&s or comrade tribes In same invasion, corresponding to cluuJli.kar11lf1, a Vedic rite, 491; Va18.s 01' Balas of Valabhi are, 479, rites performed among Bl"'d.hmans, 35-36; 488; Sisodias probably are, 443, 462; Talabda Brahma-Kshatris, 57; KltyaBths,61 rRajputs, Kolis known to have beeu, 455; Moris of 140-141. Ses Customs. Chltor were, 440; 461 note 5; title, 471 ; MUBARRAM: festival, observed by Hindus and priests known as Magha Bra.hmans, 439, 440. early tribes, 362. See Tomb Worship. ~ee Magha. MUIR: Sir Wuliam, Sanskrit texts, 434 notes MlHIRE!IIWA.R: worship of, started by Maghas, 8 and 9; 435 notes 2 and 3. 440. MUKHI8: police headmen, 156 and note I. MtLLBT: Indian, grain, worship of, 391. MUltTINATH : god of salvation, emblem of goa') lhn I see Mihir. ShIV raised by Ram, 12 note L lIIRA.T-I-A,HMEDI: 2 ; first mention of K4thi4. MUX:TIPUBI: modern Mota in Surat Distriet, war in, 259. said to be founded by Ra.m, 12 note 1. MIRAT-I-SIltA.ND.l1U: mention of the Khants MULA-DwARU: xi. l:5ee Kodina.r_ in Girnar m, 2H nLta 1 ; 259_ MULAB.bA I.: king of Anabliav8.da (A.D. 961- MITIU NuA.B: sweet look, children liable to the 996), founder of the Solanki lino of Anallila­ influen('~ of, 427. &e Witches. v8.da kings, 489 note 2 ; is saJd to have inVIted MITRU: see Salt. Audichya and other Brahmans to ~lp him MOlIR: centre tie-beam, erection ceremony, 204- in holdmg a sacrifice, 6, 7 and note 1. See Dwellings. MULAnAJA IL: king of Anahilavada (1177· MOCHIS: Leat.her-workers, ea.id to be originally 1179), forced Musalman captives of War to RaJPllts of ChampJner; tnbal surnames; become low class Hindus, 439 note 1, 4oH. local divisions; sections according to call. MULl: Parmar Rajput chlefship. 127. ings, 192; uames of callings; shoe making ; MULN.A.YAK: Image of chief Tirth&nkar in Jain tools; cha.racter, 193; religious sects; cus­ temple, Ill. • " toms, 19!-195. M UNGOOsB: fUJlto, natural enemy of the serpent, llODIlBIU: town on the V utrak river, place of worship of, 378. great antiquity, gives name to Modhs, 11 and Mmru(: confidential clerk of V donia bauker, note 2 ; '12 and note 1. 79,80,8]. MODHS: Brahmans, immigrants from Upper MU!l'JA: the spirit of a thread.girt and uq­ India, 2; strength and distribution, 3; sub­ ma.rried Brihman lad, 385. classes, 11-12; Vaniall, subdivisions, form an MUNJ KEltHALA: girdle of mtlnj grass, 37. important element 1n the Vania community; MURTI MANOHARJI: god, worshipped by trace of Rajput descent in, '12- Mltndvi Kh4rvas~ 522. l\{oRoRPAN: mango-blossom drinking among MUTSADIS: clerks of the crown, 60. Sea Raj puts, 140. tiee Ra.Jputs. Kayasths. Mo)(.U: god:less, 200. MONASTBIUBS: Shrhak. See ApAlI&r.1.s. MONDAY: sacred to the moon, 397; beliefs ADAOHHA.DI: red thread binding to a preg­ about, 400-401; Shr.. van and Margshlrsh, N nant woman's wriat, 93- 23 note 5. NAG-: see Serpent. 1l0NltBY: considered sacred. Hannman the N &-G-A; shrine of, at Augkor in Cambodia, 50~ god of, fumes from burnt dung of, supposed note 4. to dnve away SpIrits, 3'17-378. NAGAR: fort in tha Sivalik hIlls, 44.Jo. MONTH: Hindu, is a lunar month, number of NAG-ARt: leading tribe of Gujars of the North· . days, beliefs abont the first. day of. the \Vest Provinces, 4911 • last day or Amas of, days of, sacred to the N.LG.bJu'NA.: aids Kanishka to work out moop., 397. ,See Planet .(Moo~). broader Buddhism, 442. 578 INDEX.

NAGAR KOTIAB: tribe of BrAhmans in Katlg.... , N ANVSRANltEB: Mr., on Bhil aubdivisiona, 295 4 note 2. note 2 ; on Badv&s' services during cpidamics NAGAna.: .Eranmanll, xi. note 3, xii note 4; in Rewa Kanth&, ~02 note 1· on Niflkda 2; strength and distribution, 3; divisions i origin. 325 note 1. • elaim Y"dnAgar 1/8 their original seat; NANDVANAS: Rr4.hmanfJ,15. pl"ces of settlement; subdivisions named NAPAD: Village in Kall'" District, 16- after places of St ttlement, j 3, 15 and N.APALS: Bril.hmans, 16. Dote 2; relations of 8uhdivisiollS, 13; NAB and NARAYUT; names of Vishnu, 532. traditions about origin, created by Shiv NARANSAR: 247. to othdate at his marru~ge; to officiate at his NARA.YA:NBALI: memorial service, performed sacmfice; GJ>. girl, 14-15; suggestions as to origm from NAnBADA 1 ;rIver in GUjll.r:!t. aho known as trariitions, 15 note 1; traces of foreign Rcva and Re-"ijl, 213; its sacredness, 5ol~ : origin, 438 and not0s Saud 9; original bones of the dead tllrown in, 850. See race believed to be GUJars, 4~4., 501 and notes Rivera. 1 to 6; rantlI" lI!ebkri, called Bam Nagars, NARSI!fH MEHTA I Nagar Brihman eain~ of clq'JU Vq,nnagar as theU' original seat, family J un'gad, 93 note L deity of, 73.. NARSIl'UR: town in Palanpur. 73, 90. NAl>A.,l:!lllH: head of the Vltoia community, NARSIPUB,(S: Vama.s, Mellltn, 73; S",.dvd, 96. 96. NAGAs: foreign tribes vaguely eaned; admit­ N ABn.: sbarel101d village, 16G. ted o.s Rajputs, 450 note 2, 458 note 5; NASIK·TRDl:BAK: place of pilgrimage, 12 pdesl'll of, admitted 38 Brahmans; consi­ no.te 1 ; 119, 549. tiered the best of Brahmans, 438, 463 note 2. N ATHD\' A.x: cluef shrine. of Va11abhchlirya NAGPA"NOHMI: cobra.'s fift.h, 23 note 5; wor· at, 536 ; shrine of bbrinftLbji at, M~ ; pla.ce shiiJ of the Nag or Slerpenton, 379, of pilgrimage, 119 j 549. NAGs: (Serpents), traditions connecting Naga.r NAv.bAIiAR: of.deJa Rajput chiefllhip, 126. Brahmans With, 15 note 1. NAVRATRA.: ten days of .A:sltvJn, 2-1. note. NAHArANA: Parthian or Saka, 435; his family NEKADIs: purest class of Gujan among th. Jltock namt', his couqueats in MUwa.. Konkan, Ajmer Gurjjara.. , 494.. and the Dakhan, his coins and public wot'ks NBPAL: introductiou of Hinduism in, 451: in the Konkan; is s3.id to be the re-birth of people of one caste iu anCient age. in. Parshuram, 497-498 and note 1; elemente diVision into four calltes, 436. o~ his army, 461 note 2. NEPALESIl:: their stock, converted to Hind,,- ~ A[ '{DAS : early tribe, 290 ; origin, 325 ; lawless­ ism by Brlthmans, 451- ha.'Jits (A D. 1826), raid3, disturbances (A.D. NERWER: Bhils, tribe of, 491. 11:1.38, 1854., 18:>7, 1868), 326 ; customs, S:l7. NESAKS: class of Ch.ualls in K.ebh. 488. 328; fonr chiefs, 328. NEWPORT: Captain, 5 note 2. NiIKS: early tribe, 290, 324 - 325. NIEBUHR: European traveller (A D. 1763). NAKHUDAS: captains on country craft, 520. notIces V 6.nia. 8kIlI and c:ha.ra.cter, 78 note l' NALIEltI: hee, its nut an emblem of the NXLKANTII: hird, beld sacre(}, WOf8hip or. 151 family goddes~, eocoanut also offered to 173,175, 22V,382. See Kingfisher. other goddesses, 385. NIM.h: Mesbri V/tnias, bh8.mlaji famUl NALKA.NTHA: fen tract in Dholka and Viram. deity of, 73; ~br6.vak, 96 IUld note 1. gam ta.lukas, 5 06" NIM BiRlr&: fonnder of Sanaktidi Samp,..,. NAL RAJA.: holds a horse sacrifice neal' Bor­ aaya, 533- sa.d, 8 note 1. NrNAMA: tribe of Bhils in south Udepur,293 NAMA KARMA.: ~r naming, the seventh Vedic note 2- rite, 31 note 3, 34- 35. See Naming. NI~¥ALDAS: ascet:c of Surat, founder of the NAMBtTRI t Brahmans of the MalaMr Coast, sect of V"ishoav Matias, 168- strange marriage practice, 439 note 1. NISBAT : meaning of the term,. 442 uot4l6 on NAMES: choice of, 34 a.nd note 1,85 note 1· page 443. of children born after performing certai~ NISsA.DAS: originalliettlers in tue R4.m4yan. So rites, 567-368. NISHltB.AML'U: or Home-leaving, eightll VecU" ;::IAMING: rItes ana cel'emonies of, among rite, 31 note 8; performanee of rite dllnng Bra.hmans, M • 35 ; Rajputs, 139 .. 140 ; other girding ceremony, 37. castes, llV; 158; 190; 24i; 239 i 308. NOltARSl: grand feast. alllQng Shr.tvaks, lOa.. See Customs. NOLINOM: :::3 Dote 6. lUNu: : rllligious hero of the Sikhs, 336, 453, NOLIO: see MUI1~oose. NANAIt PuTB.AS : pa.ssed as Bra.hmans, 438. NONDIIS: registers. See Book Aeeonnt. NAND!: sage. 15. NOSRA : g:ld.dess; shrine of, between Ajmer aDd N.A.:NDIlCESHVAB: Mah4aev, of Nltndod, 73. Pushkar, 483. NANDH·RA..KSHA.: see Pa.laspiplo. NVltRS: cla~1t of BlatU,s, 117 and note 6. ~.A.SDO: t:-onghad Rajput, founder of Patani brllneh of P4rajia. Souis, 198. ~ee SOUlS. ',NA...~DOO: Gujar dynasty and kingdom near, OOT'1'ATIOlJ l 01' calling, of B"ha'ltgil[., 335; xu. ; capital (jf Raj pi pIa., 13, 12. O BluifJIarB, 178; BAil., StlO; B1"flhma,. ',N .bmO:BA.B: BrMima.Ds, 13 j Vanills, 72. EIMtria, 51 i B,.tilwlf.JfI8,:ol2 J Dlutld .. 340 J l~DEX.

Earl!! T,.ik,. 291; Glui acT,.... 182; Kac~. P ADlIA Pnb: 53-2. See Puran!!. l.-ci,,153· Kanb,",156; Ka!lfUth" 61 ; J{ol .... P~DllA 8AXBBAVA: Guru, BudCs to WhODl, and of ch"""s by whom, 4:>b; entrance lUto India, 45<>; converted to :owe; .. ffcnng made by hIgh caste Hindus. Buddhi-m, 433; broken b)' Gautall1ipntra. daV8 sacred tor Dlal..ang; auimals offend; 44~, 453, nOtA 4; tribe of, u.entioned in m~de cf mal..ing tht) olIe,lPg. 406 j spec:al lIahabMnita, 461 nete 2. mode of ulal..it g an offerlU~ at the temple PAKSHAGHAT: see Panilysis. of lla.h·lc:l:lr.\jl; m,:>(iuess, worship of, 38;'. godde;;;"os, klwtra, and pall!la,. mode of P ALH.\VAS: or Parthians. See Palilava.s. milklDg offerings. 40,.41,8; JJ/oodle.s, four P lll: cbief trade centre of Marw4r, 16. k.inds of; made to De1Jl Ot' Mat&. Shiv's P.ALITUA: Gobil Rajput cbief8hip, origin of consort; to G.tllpatl; to IIanuma II; to the the house. ] 25 126. MOON. 409; to 8Iti'C, 408; to the Ipirii8 of PAllvAL: Brdhmans, said to have come from the de.:!.!; to the Sun; to Vi.thnu, 409. Marwar alld Rajputana, xi. note 3, 2, 16 ; OKH.!lI:A!lDAL: that is Bet DwArka, 4SS note 8. created from local non-Brahman classes, 440. QUAD: vlll"ge in Surat Di~trlet. trawtlOnal P ALIYAS: stones raised in memor)' of dead origin of, 12 and note I. among wild tribes, 363·36-l, 4{)9; guardian OllE~S: beliefs in, 4,,,9·410, two 'kinds of­ stones erected in memory of Charan trci!lIJ. in Good and Bad; objects considered as Good, Kathi.lwoit' villages, 218 and note 1. 138, 410-411 • as Bad, 13ts, 411413; classes PALLa: or Pa.l1Jva, lower classes in Madras, betJevmg tn, - Bhdu, 213; Bhawgtls,225; 445 note 4. CharalU,220 ; ('rajZsrruII, liS. 1~ J. 182, 185. P ALLIS : tribe in Madras purified by fire, 4Ss.. 191,194,196,200, 2v5. Haja".", 233; HtU­ }>ALLU: see Dowry. '/;a.d,lf.en.154., 157, 164, 172, li3,174, 175; PANCRA¥: or Panchas, meaning Qf term, 70, RaJpr4t.s,137. 435. OPIUll: lIsetl as drug or narcotic, preparations. PdCll" lIAB{VRA.TU: five main vows obser\"'- :s xxiii. See Stimulants. ed by t:bravak Sadhus, 107, lOS. OR~AK£NT9 ~ of BAil" 298 - 299 ; Bro.A,!!,a1ll, P.brCHAs: see Pancham. 21, ;):J • Df'preued Claue.t, 3-10. 346; Early P ANCH.AsAR : dynastic seat, ix..; town, 488. Trlhes, 312, SU, 317, 318, 320, 32J, 32J, PANClUTAl'ITRA: book of tales, 435. • 329,330; HerJ'''1eIf. 267. 286, 288; H ..- PANCHAYATAN DEVS: five house ~ods, stone bandmeN, 1 'l.l, ]75; KO/'6. 246; RaJpuu, Li-r/ for )[aMdev, stone Shlltli!lrafll ot' 132; Vo.Ma •• ';'6. piCture of ShruultAJi.. for Vishnu, picture 01' Ou : or the frontier, town of M"andovad called, metal image of S'al.;ti, Bharani or Mala as Osv!ls take name from, 97. the gNlless or motb~r, Gaapati. Ha• .,mci .. OSIA: family goddess of Osv:tls, 9'7. xxxv. ; 393. See Religion, Planet (Snn). OSll~ AGAJU : Clty. eIghteen nllles north of Jodh­ PANCBBHAG: daily dole, 21. pur, glVt'II Dallle to Osvils, 4913 and note 9. PAllCHGAvn.: five cow gifts. names of, used OSvA.La: of NanDar, were originally Solanki in religious ceremonies, :r.2, 3'i3. See Cow. Bajpnts, eouvertcd to J ainism, 453, 485 and PAllC.H MABUHIJTAlfX: Dve elements, mean­ note 6, 496; are said to be descended from ing. MS. Vaisya ellief Ama; divisions. 496-497; Objar P )..... Cll MAsI : fUth month pregnancy ceremony_ element in, 485, 499; of G.jardl, Shr4v&k 93. , V bias, divisions. &tory of ori~,'in. surnames, PAliCHTIRTBI: or five sbrines between Bhim· 73,96·97. n:tth and G opnath, 549. OVANS: Mr•• Survey officer of Broach, mentions PA~CHVAT1 : near l\aslk, 12, note 1. a Cbban fraga in Broach (A.D. 1812], 218. PAlfDAVS: at Vairlitpnr, 252 note 1; 29!. OVIlfGTOlf: Eu'opeaD traveller, bis notice of PANDHABPtl'R: place of pilgrimage, 119 i Y!uia skill, 18 no foe 1; of their mode of meuts.l. t:hrine of Viihoba at, 519. c'llcolatiop, SO. 180 note 1- P AlrJA.BAPOL: aniJual home, 115. &e Shra· ()WT,: bird of evil omen, SSL yaks•• PANOTI: deadly inllueBce of Sham or Saturn, 403.. See Saturn. AClrtTSd: Sht'bak boUdays, period of, 113; PARAJIYAs: d~'g'raded Bdhmans.. xii. note 3,16. P details relating to, fastmg dnring, ) 14 and PARALYSIS: disease. its cn~e 365. note 1; readLg of Kalpa..trG in. 1140 and PARAMAIIAl'i'SAS: order of Shaiv ascetics, 5iS. note 2; parikramaa ceremony during, See t:haiT!!. 114-115. rARASARYl.S: Brihmans,l6. P ADHARIA8: early tribe, 006. P ABASBURl.)[: great Brahman-maker, 436, 438 ; PADmABa: Rajput pt.>asant proprietors. 130. his ma.ssacre of Ksha.triy8oS, 55, lt6, 17i. 183 PADUAI: lowe! class B"jputa, 123.. note ~ 441; Baid to have pnrified shipll'ftcked . INDEX.

strangers and made them 'BrihmallB, 43S; PEIUlIU·.: Manl.thU held to be; tlleit eonlieo­ , his re-birtb in person of Nahap6.na, {ounda .. tioD with SisOdw or Ghelot., ~. Ohi*p'vaa. kmgdom in Dalanpur, in Rewa. KAnth&, 127 .128; thell' 225, 247, 333. 336.341, 519; Dwarlea, 10. family deity Mandavri Mata, 138. 157, 1640, 175, 213, 220, !:407. 836, 649; PARNAMIPANTHTS: or Parnamis, 5405. See Gad4da, 549 J the Gangtll, 550 ; G'rMr, 9. Religious Sects. 220, 241 uote 1, 247 J the GodafXlri, 050; PAuAlns: see Parnamipanthis. Gokarn MaldbaleBkfJal', 5409 ; Gok"",9, 119. - P ARBRAl!.,(MBA v A : Bharvad saint, 271, 157.176, 220, 549; LJardval', M9; HI"g­ P ARBIS: once fa.mous hU$bandmen, 152. ltlj,247 ; Jaganndth or Pur" 119, 151.168. P1RTRIANS: or Pahlavas, formed separate 225,549; the Jamnd, 550; KablrfJad. 549 i class of Hindus under theirleader Sivaskanda, KAed-Bra'4ma or Bralmakhed, 51.9; M~ 445; two divisions in, 459; 456 note 3. See tltrwa, In, 15i, 168, 176, 220, 649; Nara,.. Pahlavas. Bar, 247 j the N arbada, 213, S5t 549; Nd,ik·TrimIJak. 12 note 1, 119, 5~, PARVATI: consort of Shiv, xxxv.; 220; 388 j said , to have remained as cuckoo. 381 ; bel tree eon­ Natlt,dwa,., 119, 649; Naf)lar;,168, 170 J sideredher home, 883,385; 4; 164; 165; 196- :Panel tu-tli, 549; PaiJdkarp",.. 119, lii9 J 186, 83S, 341; p,,.dna, 1M, 168, P ABAI'd.s: gifts of land from the State, 24- P4vagadh, 170; p,.abluill Pdtan, 9, 28, 119, 220, 2401: PATAL KHANT: leader of the KbJtnt Kolis, said to ha.ve conquered Petlad. 240. See Prayti!! (Alla.}uf.bad" 550 ; RdmeiJki1al", 549; Kohs (Kba.nts). Revaj. (see Narbada); &imldji. 519; Sk'fJ­ KaneM, 549; Shrlfw.tlaJi, 157, 549; Shultt.Jl... P.ATAN: Somna':h, place of pilgrimage, also known all PrabbAs, 119. t.rtl.336, 649; SArwpan, lH9; S,dkP"'.I',7, j Somnat'" PATANVADIYAS: Kolis. See Kolis. 164, 175, 549 Pdlan (Prabh4. the Taf)l'a. PATARvADA: place in the B.1nsda hill., Ram P4taU), 119, 5i9; Tdp'i., 650; said to have ha.lted at, 4. IH9; Tirupati, 5~; Tul,ill4yam. 549 J : Kanbie state, 127. Ulkii,157,336, 341, 350; U.tad,a, 5'9; VadtWl, 519; Vaidyandth or De'Oladh, 549 I PA.TELIAS; cla.u of professional husbandmen. Varrllf"ll'p. 549; Ve,nal, 170; Yisbul:d»­ - 8trength aDd distribution. ]53, 172 J claim eli, 649; Vrindcif)afl, 5409 ; Shrines of. 4",b4 Rajput d<'scent, faith in early beliefs, worship Bhavdni, Beclraji., Hanumafl at Gumb­ of Gbodtdev, animal worship by; customs, dey, Bhimpor and Dabhoda. Bin.qUj, Kcilika, 172 -174. See Husbandmen. TIII;a BhafJdAi, UnMi; 549; JaiN, Shrinl)ll r.blDARS: shareholders among Leva Kanbis. on, Mount A'b», G;,»,,1', Sham,.u'!ia!j; other tbeir position and influence, 166 and nohal 1 places, 550. and 2. See Kaqbis \Leva). PILGRIMS: priest or go,. of, 28. See BrAhmans.. P.h AGAD: hill, shrine 9f KUika at, xi; place PxPAL : tree. See Piplo. of pilgrimage, 186; S33, 841. PI'PLO: Pipal tree, emblem ofV~hnu; bau~t. of PA.'V1yAs: called F4tdd, or Hijda,. eunuchs, spirit Munj. watered t~ qmet t~ SPlfIt I traditional origin, recruitment to, admission days sacred to its worshIp; wor6blpped by· • riteJII, 506 - 607 ; appearance, live &iii beggars ; women on no-moon day falhng 00 Monday, death rites, 507. 385; marritd to a grown-up girl.remained PAYAT: mystic verse. worship of, 61. unmarried, to tulri plant; worihlp of, br. PEACOOK; carrier,of goddess Sara.sva~i and god Bhils,386. . Kutikeya, favourite 9f god Krishna. 'Worship PIll: or Sd.i. Musa~An saint. taAio or tomb of. . 0,.247, 381. 360. Stl6, Tomb Wprship.. ·INDEX. 681

'PIllACY! chief piratical classes, bistory (:a. Co iaered to Lim, 400~ 409 ; Eclipse, prac. 326 to A. Do 1873), 526-527 j efforts to 'Put tical! observed during, 400; MotJda" down, 627.529; reduced to ordeT by the Bri­ S&Cl-ed to him, beliefs ahont and observ: tish Government (A..D. 1873). 529. anees on Mondays, 400 • 401; classes h} whom he is worshipped, 396, 391. PmA1U: sect amo,!g Kanbis, known as M.t~, Mfl,., or Mangal, pngin and form of; , 1613. < See Keligiou8 sects ; -pIe.ee of pilgrim­ • age, 154, 168, 170. his. characteristics; means adopted to PnlA,T1l3 : _ PiJ'&('y. ward off bis evil iniluences; Tnesday PISHACHNI8: female spirits. See Spirits. saered to him, 401; common beliefs PlTHI: sweet yellow powde-r, 'Pregnant woman about Tuesdays, 402; 384 ; 39L • Me,.ftj,.y or Budha, his origin and form-; rubbed with, in ii~t. pregnane, rites, 52. his characteristics; W ednesday . sacied PITHVO: said to bave been created by par\"ati. to him; common beliefs about Wednes· 190. days,402. . .' PITRI G AYA.: 5 t.9. Jupiter called Guru or BrahaspatI, hIS PLAGl11I: cllttle, live eharcoal as a cure for. form and characteristics; Thursday 357. sacred to him; common beliefs abdut PLAG 17ES: see Epidemic-scaring. Thursdays, 402. PLANBTs: graka8. have friendly 01' nnfriendly Yen?U or Bukra, his form and characteris­ influence on e~Ty man, 392; obJect and f~ tics; Friday sacred to him; warding off of worship, occasior.s for, 392-393; da1!Y evil inftuences of, 402_ worship, 393; names and forms of worship Sal'll'" or Bha,.i, his form and charscteris­ of the nine planets, 393 - 4.06. ties; very cruel; Saturday "cred -to li.. : Bur,a, his form; is fat~r of ~e. bim; common beliefs about Sa.turdays; heavenly bein~s and of warrlor class; 18 means adopted to ward off hiS deadly tbe eye of Ged or represents the tbree influence called panDii. 403. c gods Brahm", Vishnu, and MaUdev; is Ea,.th or Rahu, Prithvi, an element, 348 ; one of the Panchltyatan DeVl; to01'­ a planet, 392 note 1, 403; worshl p' as .1np, by all classes. forms of, among an element; looked upou a.s motber; high classes, among early tribes, form regarded as king's consort; differel't of addressing him ; his favonrite dOll-ers, occasions for worship of, 404; worship 393, 409; his every-day salutation; of, by husbandmen, 157. 405; causes of ga9atTi 01' BUn hymn, 393 ; worshipped earthq1l8kc, 404. to ward off evil inlluence, to secure good­ Comet or K6t-. 392 note 1; his unfriendly will; Bury" Vraf. or sun-vows, ol5ject influence, 405. of taking, form of fulfilment, 39~ - S\l5 ; &a,." and Meteors, cousidered divine' w(\~hip of, by Kathis, 251.393; wor­ beings. 406. ship seems to have beAn started by PLA'MB'l'-SOOTHING: see Grahash4nti. M aghas, 438,440 ; Sund"y sacred to him, !'LAlIT: worsl11p, names of p]antt~orshippedJ . cIJmmOn beliefs about Sunday, 396; object and form of worship, 382-388. - EcZ.pae or 9TIIA.a" that is seIzure. "PLINY: Naturalist (A.D. 77), 455. common beliefs about, practices and PLOUGH: worship among husbandmen, 405- observances during, 395-396; gifts made durmg, 335, 395_ POXAJL"A' Br.1hmans. ~ PnshkArna. POL: Rctthor chiefship,128. }Jocm, UA.andra. 392, a male deity, his POLLEN, Mr_ J., 480 note 3. form and ehara~tt>risticB, 396; is the POLLEXF1Uf: Mr.. SOl. • lord of all vt'gctable drugs or afl8hacU.a­ POLYANDRY~ traces of, among BharvAds, early dMpati, bas more powerful induenee on polyandrous arrangement, 270 note 3, 285. man and diseases, 397; flJONlI.ip, by different cIa'JSeB, 396, 397; bis revo­ POLYGAMY: allowed and practised among lution round the earth, the lunar Rajputs. 141; Kanbis. 161; Patelilis, 114. month, beliefs about the first day of GMnchis, 183 j Mochis, 19.5; I:intUrs, 206.­ each month, ..bout the last day or ama. ; POND: abode of earth water-god VarnDa, 3-19 .. days sacred to hi:n ; beliefs and observ­ worship of, 350. ances on br'f}ht "cOAds, 397 • 398; on POSTI1!'YS : of Shr4vaks taken from Osv~, 602- bright fourtlu caned GaMd CMturthi, POPULATION: see Census details. the bright fourth of BUdarva called PORBAlID.&B: Jethv6. Rajput chiefsbip.127. Dagada Choth beld more sacred; tlark POXY AD; BUburb of Shrimal, 13. fourtlu called Sankcuhf Chabrthi, the PORVADS: Vanias. xi. note 3; lrIeshri, ';31. dark fourth of A,'shviB called KarafJda. Shra"vaks, 91. CluJt! or Gallt4 CAot,., is held more POTTINGER: Mr., 469 note 8. s&l"red, 898; nn fflgA.t fifteewth. or full­ PJUB;o.KUAVARDHA..'fA: fa.ther of Shri Harllh. moon called PflfllJm., the full moon of supposed to be a foreign invader, ~ an~ Shn\V1I.n. a Rauha bindlDg day; the note 4. - fullmoon of 1/.80 called Mti»ekthtSri, PlU.DBAs : or Somnlith Patan, on BOutb coast ot, 399 J other oceaslons to woNhip him; K~dd, temple of Somnlith AI8,h4deT special moW! of dtUatdU worship. 400; a.t, 195; place of pilgrimage, 54.9. See ."Oto., 396 • the cAdttdniJJa .. 400; means SomnAth• of warding (Iff his evil inftuence; flowers !'Buw KllAND: 9. 582 INDEX.

PlU.BHAS KSHETRA: Somn4th pa.tan,9. :PO'~: the hell. Br'hmani'o belief abo1)6, 89 a~ -PlU.BRAS FATAN: plll.ce of pilgrimage, 9. 28, note 1. 119, 220,247. See SomnAth Patan. P~OLBMY : (A.Xl. 167), 29'. PBABHVS: Kayaat7t, found chiefly in Baroda; • their settlemeut in Gujarat • Patane, found in Surat. once enjoyed monopoly of Gov­ R.bARlS: ~la88 of herdsmen. 264; Gu~al' ernment service as English writers, 68. See element In. 499 j meaning of na1D&; o~S'lo. Writers. surnames, 8ol'division8, appearance, dN... PBAJAl'ATI: the creator, Brabma 60 called, cat~le-rea.ring by. religton, cU8tom8~ 286, %89. Kurnbha.rs also called, 189 note 2; 631. . See Herdsmeu. P:RASHSORA.: division of Nltgar Brlthmans, IS • RiDHA KIf.lIlHNA: form of Yubnu.1l8. called Ahichhatr!ts, 15 aud notes 1 and 2. ' RAnHA. VALHBHI: Bee Religioua tects. P:RAYAG: see Allahabltd. -R!GHAV; Khavlts of Nav.Lnagar, 236 J a .PREUNA.NCY: S~manta, Simantonnayana, that Bharva.d Bhagat, 269. ill hair-parting or hair·dividing, more COUl­ RARO': Earth, sDa note 1 i 403. See Planet· llwIIly called Kholo-bharvo that is lap-filling (Eartb). fl'r('mony, also known as Agharni; aluong.. RAIN: god Indra presides over, 848, 351 I P, (aman.~, 31-33 ; Ka"bia, 161; Roiputa 147-148; Vantas, 9:l-94 ; Bardl and .letor,: aigna IIhowing beginning of aouth-welt (J \lIle) 214, 225, 226; Craftsmen, 179, 186, 188, rain; E.&pectatwlI of, 351; SUt'lJftd4 of, on 195, 201, 206; HU8bandmen, 154,170, 176; tbe 1st of "aisb.\kb, 351-352; Uood and EoltS, 2,")0; Peraonrtl lIervantl, 230, 234; ,ealo'nablB fall of I H eav.1f dou;npOfI,r of I Trader" 102, 105,121; Writers, 59, 64,66, Pat·tial failure of, 352, CompletlJ failure 68, See Customs. of, 852 3.13; (,ontrivancea for deteruuniDg PBEMOAIi .I:UVA: BharvQ.d saint, 271. - whet.her the year will be tlJet or dr!I> U8ed PBESOO'l'T: Mr., on Bhil subdivi~ion&, 295 note by better cbsses of husbandmen, 31S-a5~, by 2; on EhB appearance, 296 note 1; on Br"hmans, by chief. of natIve S,atej, 851, by Bhil huts, 296 ]Jot& 2 i on Bhll character. E"rlv Tribes, 354-3f.5; crow and indiau craue 300 note 3; on Na.ikda. raids, 326 note 2 • or ,dra, believed to know whether year on NaIkd~ disrespect of BrAhmans, 327 will be wet or- dry, 35S, Thuller,a \.eat, note 1. 354 ; signs showing famtne, 353; rit~. and PRESENTS: religious, chief days for making, _ observances during holdtng off of, prayers 23 note 5. _ and offerings made to ram-god, to JoguuSt PJl.ITAMDAS : a Bbat poet, 213. to Mahadtlv; leaving waste -the viU~e or PRITHVI: see ~arth. town; Mekulo or mefllo, that is, ram-god PRITIKADWA:RA: other name of Parihar mean· praise-singing by Bhil women; saerifice., ing of name, 484. See ParihDTS: strength; chiefAhipt (1891}. 123: graded Samsvat BrahIjlans, 56. dIvisions, clan. and sub-clan", 123, 124 PUBHK.AB: or Pokarn, holy tirlha, xi. note 3 r and note 1; history of the chief tribt>s, 121., place of pilgrimage; shrine of Bmhma at, 129; Appearance; S?eech; Houst>, D'Jrbrir, 489. 490, and note 4; 502 note 4; lake 130; Dress. 1S1-132; Char3etl'r J Calling ~ near Ajmer, 16. J33 I COllllition i Food, I.B; D~i1y Life. 131. J.>(]eHKABNA.: Brahmans, also caned P.lkarna 135 t Rergion-Sbiv wors1aippers, worship and Pushpak.t.rn, xi. note 3 ; ori?;in; follow· Hindu gods and goddes3es~ name~ of tutelary ers of VaUabhach \rya., priests of BhatiAs, godlle~&es, Ufl-137 i Early Be,iefs- spirit 16 and note 1; Gujar dement tra.ccd. in, 43& worship. Bbuvas, way, a:loptd J to drive I,a. note 9, 5 0, 502 and note 4- evil BIJ1rits, good a.nd bad omens, 137-13S; PUBHP1KABN: Brahmans.- See Pushkarna. Customs - Birtll. lites, lSl ; CUatk' 1'0'8111'1 MA.Rlu.: sect of the Mah-l.rJjas, other­ worship, four baths, ~lln·wcrsbip, 139 f wis& called ValIabMchd.ri, {jSCi a.nd note 1~ Namuig. 139-140; Mo/'orpttn OJ' mallgo See VallabMchari. blossom.drinking; Bota" f Madan or Hair­ rVS:u:a: lee Pnshkar. clipping, 140. Threafl·sirtlvnf}, HI; MaJ'- INDEX. 5S3

pia!]!. intermarriages among clans, explana- • RANJ'lT8INGH: Sikh hero, 453. tioll of practice of ft' male infanticide, RASHTR61WT"-S: grants by, 481note 4. mll.rrhl.g"eal.lle &gl', HI; Btltrothals, 141·142; RA r: Ganpatl's carrier, called U'ldar JItlmre, IDarrutI"e Cf'ntra.etfl, 17 note 2; invitation killmg of, con81dered a sin, worship of, 3il1. or La,!"" pair/ka, Ul ; ClremOUles of matta/;­ RATANSCRI: Jain pdest, COllverts king damb! cr ruby pillar fixing, H3-141.; of Jaychand and his followers to hill faith,97. cluik ,,,,dnd l}lllll, of Ganpa.ti and go/raj See Osv.il,;. itlstKILttlOll, of ran tiel, of gOfardo hlwrvo, RATHODS: Rajputs, driven from Kanoj by 1'1 , lIb~rvances ar.d. rites in sword·marrlll.;;e, Mahomedans, est.lblishmt:nt in th .. dtSl>rts 115 1-16; in marriage when the bride­ of M"rl1!oar, received the fief of Sdmetra. gr(1)Ul g' ell pl'r~"nally, 141; visit to tbe from Anahllv:ida SQverelgn, take the fort of shrines of tutel.lry go,ldes.es, 136; posi­ Idar; chiefships iu Yahl K.mtha, in Rewa tIOn of worn,·u afwr marriage, Golls or Khtha, 128. it male attendant., Khav48 or male 81a.\'e8, RAT!'f.iGAR: the sea, meaning of, 3409. See Hi; P,eyna1ll"!!, rtikhtMil or guard·bind'ng, Slla. O,'IhaIIU or lafl,tilling, U7·14~; Death, dead RAUL: title of Mew:l.r House, 4!J5 note 5. body, LieI', 148; widow, rehgims part of RAVALIAS: or R4vals, divlsions, appelr:J.llce, ceremonIes, mournmg and rites d.lring mellns of livel.hood, cmtoms, .'iOS·5u9. first kn days after death, 149, eleventh day RivALs: Bnihm:J.Ds, 17; priests of Bhlls, rites, periorlllance of a s!traddlta, thir­ duties, 304, 305. See Bhils. teenth day rite~ • 50; fifteenth day rites, HAVAN: demon king of Ce) lon, 12 note 1. monthly rites during the yea.r after RAVIPANTHIS: see Rdigious Sects. • annh ers,lry rites; Communlf!!, 151 ; Foreign RAVIVAB: Sonday,393. or Gu]ar orIgin traced in Agmkula tribes RAWLINSON: his Herodotus, 435 note 11. -Chohan, Parmar, Paribara, Solanki, 449, lU.YAKVALS: IJranma1t8, 2; del hll.Lion of 450, 4>;0, 483·i87; m Cha\'3,Lia, 480 and. name, origin of 8ubdlvislOIlB, clalm descent note 4, 4SS·4'S9; 111 Sll!odl~S, 443,452, 495· from S~iyng!\va R\ljhi, 17; Vdnias, Mllslm, 496' in etl,er Raj puts, 444; 446 note 4; 73 and note ]. 4,,2,491,49;); SUd. RAYAN: tree, 360; close to the tomb of Ba.\}. RAlClIAl.II : lIe~ Guard·binding. Ghor, its use in ordeals,3UI. R.U[: king' of Ayoah\a, incarnation of Vishnu, R..{YATRALAS: Bra.hma.ns, 17. xxxvi., 530,531; followers of, 530; hero of the REHVAB: Raj puts, orib,n of; derivation of Epic RAm.lyan, 1>31; said to have created name, 128 and note 2; minor esta.tes in Mahi An6.\&Ia. Brahmans, 4.; worships god Shiv K \utha, 128· 12li1. at Sar!l5 ; raIst'S & ling or stone-hom~ known RELIGION: JJrdhmantcal, early beTI .. fs, religious as Sid'lhnl.th, makes a well known as beliefs, xxxiv.; worship of gods and godJ~sses ; Rarnk'lIld; offl!ts a sacrifice near Hodhan; Panchd!!alan. De" worship; Bakh worship asks lIanumoln to bring Brihmans from in her various forms, xxxv.; Matil or worship Kolb~pur to help at the sacnlice; raises of goddesses, xxxv•• xxxvi. ; trinity or emblem of god ~hiv known &8 Muktinath trlmurtz worship, xxx vi., 531 ; gnard.ldU or de", at MoH; founds a lillage MUktlPUri (Mota) worship by early tribes, xxxiv.; 8Ult worsll:p ; for the Kolhipur Bra.hmans or Motalaa, 4 ; Fire worship; splnt worshiP; XIIXV.; Ja In, 12 note 1; 2\J1\; 313; 331; 345 ; 383. 100 - 110; followed by different cla~ses, R.hlb AND: found...d R6.manandi rel;gious Ba,.ds ISnd Actors, 213; 2'20; 225; 226; IICc~, 534. Brahmans. 30·31; CrCJjlsmen, 178; 179; R!lUSASDI: see Religious Sect.~ 181;1t32j 185; ]86; ]h\}; ]91 :19t; HIB; RA blA!lDLIJ[ : last Cbudasama r..1er of Jun&. 200; 205; Depressed cla8ses, 332·333 ; ~auh, ooeomes Muslim, raised to & saint, BliangU\.s, 335·336, Dhed.is, au; 845; l:!5. E~'rl!! Tribes, 292·293; Buils, SOl· 305, 312 ; RA \lANUJ: fouth Indian BrAhman. founded 314; 319; 322; 323; IIerdsllUI1I, Bharvads, Slui SamprdddylS cult of Vaishnav creed, 268. 269, Raharis, 28~ ; HfUbandl1l4gn, Kanbis, 533. ]S6·l~;J54; 164;168; 172; 173; liS; RAMA\fUn : llee Religious Sect. "JUHri8, :: 57 ; Kolis, 'Z47 ; Rajputs, 1313· ] 37 ; RA~AYAJ(: Epic, 1>31. See Epics. 'i'rade,.s, VaniAs, 89; Shravaks, 105 ·110; lU!,WE PIB: legend,544 ana note 2; spreads the Writer8, 56; 61 ; 64. liiJ or :M6.rgi sect, 347, ;{75. RELIGIOUS BBLIEPS: xxxiv; Animal worship, RA~E"HVAB: place of pilgrimage, 549. 372·382; DIsease worship. 865·372 ; Element R.huul"ND: R.i.m's "ell, near Saras, origin of, worship, 848· 358 ~ Epidewua seal ing, 413- 12 notE' 1. 415; Grain worship, 38~· 392 ; Hill worship, RAMNAVlU: Ram's birth· day, a boliday, a day 388· 3:'9; Offerings, 406 - 409 ; Omen8, 409· of flkl!, 2J note 5.. • 413 iPlanet w01"l!hity, 392 - 460; Planfworship, lUMPUR"': Chtivada Rajpnt estate, 124. 382 • 388; Spirit pos,e88um, 415·425; SIOM lU.MS~IUlI: see Religious Sects,. worship, 862· 3d5; Tomb .wo1"l!hip, 358·362 ; HAN A: title of Udepur f31\111y. 4.95 note 5. lVut'kCf'lSjt, 42$·430 RANcnuD HB6GAT'1J i:'AN1'H : see l{.eligious Sects. BELIGIOIlS BUILDINGS: see Buildings. UANCHODJI : image of Vishnu, 118. Diw~n, RELIGIOGS SECTS: ellief object of modern his lo;!al history of the Katlus, :62. Hindu worship, the Trinity or tr/tnllrtl­ RANDEL MAn: goddess, UX\;., 122. BrISIl1rw•• VII/Mil in his iIwarnatioll of R:,'u :a 2181-74 584 INDEX.

and Krishna, Shiv, xxxvi., oSl ; Epic, Ilnd Kadir's, 186 J Mocbis, 194 I lUlllbis, 1&6 I Purana furthering wor&hip of Vishnll and SutUrs, 2U5. Shl V, 53l-G3J ; growth of sectarianillm. reli- Pirtind.: see Im'msh:1hL o giou~ founders or apoitlcs. 532-533; Vis"'­ Radlul Vallabl,,: uxvi., object of wor.hip, nude., or r fliskna'O sccts, wor~blpperB or holy books, 048; followers among DarJII, followers of V I~hnn-chlef cult Vall abh.dchari, 181. XXX\ i., 530; 533 ; 535 ; S!~aivs, wOl'chippers or Ramanandi8: or Ramavafs. also known a. fullowers of bhiv, 541; minor sech or cnlts Verag;s. Vaishnav IIcct, xxxvi., 630, worllliip called" ways" that is margll or pantks, XXXV1., Rtm; initiation I chiLf sl'at of tbe lIeet at 530; ('ensus details (A,D. 1t-72),530. Balla rail ; mqtha or monaatic hOU8(.'8J SadluII; Bvmarf]ts: see B'Jpanthis. moral tenets, 534, folle.wers alllouiJ.'. Hhan­ BiJpanfhts': or Bi1U1.trgis, xxxvi., 530; beliefs; gi;\s, S3t> i Bharvads, 26~; Uh~vlllirl, 1i8; l1dmde Pir, object of worsbip; initiatory libois, vOS I Darjis, 181 i Dbf·d.lll, BH; cerem'1ny; peculiar features; saints, 5:14- Ghauchi.. 182 ; 1>01as, 185; llajl1ma. 233; 545 ; followers among Hajani.ts, 503; Bhois, Kadiyas, 186 ; Kanbis. 156, 168; Klwsal'h, nO!); CMrl111S, 220, Dhedas, 341 ; Golas, 187; Luhl.1'S, :91; Mocbill,194; Rahhis, ]S5; Haj.iUls, n3; Kacbhhis, 154; Kanbls. 21'8; Sathvarl1B, 170; t utlulrs, 20;:;. 1M;; Kolis, 2.J:7; ]I;lochis, 194; Rabbis, Ramd.tiJ!.iaB: Vaishnav sed, doctrine, cA.lIed 288; S.tthv.tr.is, 175; eindhv3s, 346. VlIIls11UJvaita; SadhuB ; imtiatilln; lhief IJadupanthis: Vaishnav sect, branch of the see or gadi at Dwl1rka, 5 14; fol1o\\or, Ramll.nanth school, xxxvi., generation; among, Hhit8, 2 '3; Charans, 220; Dhobi8, doctri,p.es; divisions - Viraktaa, nagaa, 229; Kanbis, 1640 i LobAnb, 122; lUli., Vlstardharill ; holy texts; chief shriDe of 172; Mathur Ko.,)lhtbs, 64; Rajputs, 136 J tht' sect. at Naraina. 518; follow~r8 among, SindhvoLs, 346. K,lnbls, 156, 168, 548. RamlJ1ielu: Valllhnav sect, worship R6.m, Godt" }mnth/s: followers among Luh&r~, 19. xxxvi., 530; doctrine; &idhulJ, fl3i 635 ; Ral'lha/Ja: followers among Dheds, sn. followers among, Gh'nchlll, 182 f Kolis, Imam,rhriki: or P~rana sect, goneration; 247 ; observances; religious books; Kakds or RancUod Bhapat', Pant"': doctrine, Mg. 8br.ne mana~ers, 546-547; followers among, Goll1s, 185; Kacbhias, I5! , Kanbis, 167, . Ral)ipanthis: Vaishnav scct, object of wor­ Jail1tSm : 69, 105 - no; followers in, Shravak IIhip, 547. Vanuts, Mevadas; N arslpuras; Nhmi.s; Sdktds: or J"amama1'uia, uxvi., devote~of Osvills, 96 ; Porvads; tshrimalis, 97; SakU or the creative energy; aacred t..xts ; Ummads, 98 ; Ma1'waris, Porvad, Osva4 divish.ns-Dak81nndchari8, VamaclHiri or 103, llkavsa1'B, 179. Vamma1'gi, Kaula Marga, form of wOfllhip, E alit I pantkis: Vaiabnavs of the Ramananili 545516. cult, xxxvi., 5aO; founded by Kabir; Santram Pant"': doctrine, chief gadi and Kabtr's pbllosophy, tenets of faith; moral temple at Nadiad. suvi l 647. code; rules of ('onduet; gurn or spirltual Shan;1I or Smart,: worl, 541-5i2 ; orders of ~ad"u. Laklfhmangar'B Pant"': doctrine, ascetics; or asc~tlc_Dandu or l:>a1l9tl ...,. 51:?, followerll among Hajams, Kanbis, Kolis, l'arama"'anBall, J!f.gkol'u. Yug", 643, Kutnbhars, 64~. J mga mas , Ul'dh"diJcihll8, .l'kd.a Mu/tAs" Ldlbegll: followers of among Bhangill.s, 336. IH4 I follower. among B: abmans, :so, Madhvackari: Brahma Samprada!ltf of Bh..ts, 213; Bbav"~oI8. 225; BbiveArt. Vaishnav creed, 630, 534; followers among 178; Bhois, 505 j Hrahma·K"hatris, 56 J Darjis, 181. Chal'&ns, 220; D.lrjis. lSI i Ghauchis, 182 ; Mddkavgarnis: or M ddltavgal'" Pantk, Golas1 185; Kach1iLs, 154; Kanbis, 56, tenets; gurus, their duties; xxxvi., 546; 164 l Kans..lras. 187 ~ LuUrs, 191; Mollis, followers among Bra.hmans, Haja.ms, 172; Matbur.Kayastlls, 64 ; ltajpllt&, 136 J Kanbis. 156. Sald.ts, 1&6; SutDvaris, 170; ~oni•• 200 J Margipantkis: see Bijpanthis. SutMrs, 205. Neherajpanthi,: see l'arnamlpanthis. SVamilldrO!j8nl: VaisbD&V aect, xxxvi.. 53!) BanaM: followers among Bhangias, 336. growth, 536·531 i tenets of f!lith; religiou Pl1.l'flamtpanthu or Pra7lamill: also ca.lled doctrine; sees or gddu of the IWC~ 587' Me"'erajpantkis, xxxvi., 530; feature; four oIders _lJ,.a!tfnGChdnl, Sad"'ui templeH j Book of faith; gU'I'flIl, 545 J Palal and Satllangill; tbeir duties; iniU­ followers among. BbAts, 213 i Darjis, 181 i ation, 538; pos1tlon of 'Women • 8pecial I~DEX. 585

t~ture ln, 639; f01tOWeN among. BUts. and note 1 ; by Nal RAja. at Borsad. 8 note %13; Bhh-s.4"- 178. Brahmans. 30; 1. Ja1ar" amQn~ Bhils, 305 - 307. Clulrans. 221.); Darjis, 18 I; Derressed ~AD.hBIV: other name of :-hiv, MI. See Shiv. f:I"s~ 332; Dhedaa, 341 ; Ghanchis, IS:!, SJ.DS1"S; OJ' fr.ar# B:jpa.nthi, 5·U, Kabil" O.)tas. 185 I K&l"bhil\s. 15', Ka.li~ as. 186; pt.nthi, 5:J9,54O, lUdbal'gars, 5-16. Paril3mis, Ea·'bls. 156.1640·, Kolis. 247; Luh-11'S, 191; o..J..>, B.f.m.f.nandis, 5M, Hamanuj;;:, 531, lIUis. 172; Moehis, 19~; Rajpnts, 136; R4msnehi, 535, Svam:'D4r4yaDs, 538 ;a1:celaclf, i'ompUT& Sauts, 196; Sathdras. 175; Didopallthi, 048, Lakshwangarpanthi. SlS. Soma, ~ • Sutb!rs, %05. Kllberpanthi, &Is, t:haiv, 642, Slmhak, 100. l:da.i: belirf", _haRt ()r head i followers s..'e Ascetic&. among U,,", Kanb·s. 5t7 - 5i-3. Swans: :K~ Shrank asceties, lOS, See r tl1/o b4ddari: or Van6.bb.kb:iI')'&S, A8("etic. "'atshnav Beet. called Feet; of the Mtllui· SA'ILI.: .Thal. Rajput chiefship, 121. rald" or P.dt'-Marga. 1l~ by SAGA.RS: professional husbandmeu, claim· V&l!abha. xxxvi, 630; 5;' :1'.t.UOD Raj put descent, their surnamt'S; saints and gro. th ; articles of creed; element of among; their faith in early bt!liefs, customs, Jov., for the Deity; f.,nn. of worship; 1" -!'io. wOJ'Sbip tbe image of Krishna in temrles SAlI.1.JJ..n.ND SY' AllI: founder or Sdminar'­ c,r ...,lIdlr" 5:l5 i eigU daIly 8I'nieca or yan sect.. his life and wor\, 537. Qa.-da", ; chief seats or /lad I'; initiation; Sll: that is Sb'hid, 300. 8.:e Pl'f. holy bu..ks; .piritual heads, 533 - 536 ; SllAD; endemic form of small-poSt 368. See f-,IIo",('" ill Yt'Shri V... nias, 69, 70.7). H. SwaU·poI. 59; Bhal.ias. ll'i; Lohlint(s, 120; among SAJAD-K.uu.: small·pox uncle, god: 36S ; his ~t.'I 213: Bhoia, !)U) ;BnilunaN' {Abotis. other na'lies-&lio or B ..liakakl!, his dwelling • ; Gir"h4it 9; Gugli$, 9; }'usbkarnas. place. his nature, 369.370. See Small· pox. hi; Brabmll·Kllhatris, 56; Chhip..ls, 179; SULORS: Bifld_. Klul.rvih, 519. 521; Kolis, D .. rjis, 1bl; Gh\nt"his, 182; K..ehhllis, 519, 521. 521 ; M'~hlls, 520; MoJ4ofM>dll •• 1'4; KUbis, 156; Ka~.. sth8, 61; 67 ; Ehadclas, 519, Kab.naliyas, 5~2; Milb4s, Khatri•• 1~9; Labars, 191; Malis. 17!; 519; V 6.gbers, 519, 523; fOnD the mo"t R&jpnts, 136; Uthvll.r3 note 5; 390. trict, Sajodra Brahmans take n:loIne from, 1 ; -RITE.' : 6dd, by busbandmen, 157. (05 j 111 eu-Iy 18. tnbes, 405- S.1Jond.s: Brahmans, f:ultivators, origin of,

RIna,,: abode of Varona. 3.9 j IJ8('red days for I 1; 18 j 152. bathing, 29. 3-19; offerings to; burnin~ and BAll: era (A..D.18) founded by Kanishka.46. after-d.... th rites ou the banks ")f, worship SilARKOLlT: pumpkin, aCeda of, worship of, of, after ("mIdhu'th, 319; duril.g 110011; by a aSs. pr('llnanl woman; sacred riv<"rS-t.he Ganges. BAliIlS: or SkyUilims, conquerors in Western OOOa\'ari, Jamna, Narbad", SaNlSvati, Tapti; India. 433; two hordes of, ~u S'akis and reli.;bns importai('e vf, 350 Yuechis OJ' Kushans, th.:irpntra'lt'e into India, BOC&UILL: Life of Bnddhism, 43! note 1 ; ~7 45.'). 401; were same as Au.h.ms, ~ Dute 1. note 3; ("onvened to Buddhism, 4.'33; played BOllID'S: CbamAr religious teacher, 833. leading part in first spread of Buddhi.mJ. ROlIIY, N.u;sH.nBA : star chamber. 3.51.352- were great friend3 of Gaut&ma Buddha. 44.5 RQJUBI.: <'ash book. ("ou\ent.s of, 83. See Books and note 5; f;} eir overthrow, 4"'8; deCed (.Account). bJ Guptas. US note 1; be.\ten by Ga.utami­ RrDHA.: _ t1liv. pum, by king sagara, 418, 4S3 note. ; 439; R17I1I1.I: prayer to Shiv, 53L -iU; (43 note 1; (-16; 4l9; 45u 461 and RI1:11DtI\".h.s: Brahmans,1S. note 2. • R upn: fl'Vtional ra"" of a, STstem of writing S!.KBAY.:V.)y: aweri-t'urd ceremony, 58• tbem in aceount~ b3.. See Books (A,«ount). StlA~TMI : devotees of S'altu the-creative energy. 6-t'i - 5-t6. See ReI gioos Sect&. t;AKTI: the c!'l?ative ene~gy, mother of all cre&­ 'tiOD; ("aUed flUiJa or flt(Jluiflfli!la. prtiJ:rat'. S\Cff.U: goddess, 98- hel' worship under differellt; Illlmes, xx.u.; SAc'Boua: Brahmans, xi. 1lote 3; IS. 530,61S, SACBIFIC'I: holding of, by Kriahna al Dw.i.rb. ~.IYAS: un-Indian Bllddhisl ronverts, e1ailll 'by &.\m at P'tan"da. .; b". king loIoIraj, 7 Buddha's relics. ~ note 1. INDEX.

SA LA.'rs: or stone workers, three classea of: 18;- in'north Onjarat, held 8ll<'red at f'iJbpnr, SIImpar;l.s, Kumbhtrs, Talabda Kolh; after· death rites of Women perfllrmed a~ 300. SomjJar{ts said to be originall} BrAhmans, See Rivera. . 19') - 196 : Rajput orIgin of Kumbhar S.!RASVATS: Brahmans, 1 note I; lIi. note S; SalAt .. ; early beliefs, rehgious sects, 196 i created for sacrifice, 4:l8, 4 too ; d •. rivatl,JU (If customs, 197. name; abound in l'anj6.b ; spr. art in Ka .. hb, 8.uT: l\lithu or 8abra8, mea.ning of; beliefs K4thravAd, and Gujar8t; subdivi~ionfl of, in ahout i gift of, by the dying I use of, in south Kat)li4vltd, 18 and notes 1 to 6 J priC'stIJ spi! it-scaring rites, 349. of Brahma-Ksbatris in &!luth GujtU'ILt; con- SAL VIS : or handloom weavers, claim Kanhi dition; prospect, 19. stock, 197. SABTHtPUltAS: BrAbmans, 19. SAMADASKAT: acknowledgment book, con- SARVAIY.h: Rajputl, proba.bly ChudAsam6.s, tents of, 83. See Books (Account). 129. S \ M.(DHI: mental absorption, 360. SATHOD : place near Dabboi. 13. I4A \IADUS: tombs raised over the remains of SlTHoDRA; division of Ntl.gar Bnl.hmanll, 13, 1111ll1u RS('('tics, sacred days for worship of, 15 and note 2. :l60. l:5ee Tomb Worship. SATHViRAS: professional husbandmen; 80r- SAMA v ARTANA' bome·returning, Vedic rite, 31 names; faith in early beliefs; bird worship note 3; performance of, S8. among; place8 of pllgrimage; cU8tomll, 175- 8AMB~ SAMl'RADAYA: see Vaishnav. 176. SAlfBlIAI NAIK: object of BaJaniall' veneration, ( SATI: woman who burns herself with her dead 503, 5U4. husband; suppressiOli of, by Lord Willialll SAMI. tr~, See Khij:iro. Bentinck j beliefs regarding, woman lIacriftc- SAML.bI: place of pilgrimage, 549. ing herself; famoul 6aii/J of Guj"rit. 863 J SAMMA: Uajput tribe, probably ~f Turk .origin, story of RajbtJi, famoul .q,fi of BhsrvAd caste, Chu,l:i~amas an offsboot of, 120; Jadeps the 358.369 i account of widow-burninj!; in Ouja- last representatives of; adopted IslAm, 126. rAt, 359.SUO; dBtld. or masonry platform over SAMR,\DEV: or Simario, god of wild tribes, 363 the burning spot i daily and annual wor.hip SAMBI: tree t':ee Sami. of decdi, :i60. See Tomb Worship. ~AMU"RAGUprA: pillitr inscriptions of, 470 . SATPAl'fTHI8: see Kanbil (Matia). note 6; bis vi~torie~, 448. • SiT-SVARUP: lineal descendants of Vallabha- SAMUDRI-M.!TA: goddess, chief shrine of, at chArya e~tablisbed seven billhopriCl or /!IUi, Sundri, family goddess of Kapols, 71 j of of Vat'labhAcMryan sect, 537. ~ Valla. Soratlnyas,74. bM.ch:tri, Religious Sects. SANADHS: Brahmans, 4 note 2. SA.TURDAY: bhanivAt; other names of; belief. SANAKiD! SAMPRADAYA.: see Vaishnav. about, 403. l:3ee Pla.net, Saturn. SA..'WHAlR: Mata, luck of Parro4rs, 485. SATURN: Shani, a planet; worship of, 403. S\NDHY A.: twilight prayer,8L See Planet Worship. SANGAN: notorious pirate, 525, S.An'fBI: Brahmi's wife, 15 J 502. SA:'GHARS: Hindu and Mahomedan seafarers, /:'CROYlJ'LA: lee Kantbmal. 519, 525, 1)26. See Seafarers. SEA: abode of Varuna water·god I also called SANGHS: pilgrims going in bands, 551l. Rutnagar; cl.turntld during Vishnu', Be' SA.NGIIVIS: leaders of Sangbe, 550. cond incarnation; da.y. sacred for sea. batb; SANGRAIIA.NI: dy>2.523 : Kolia 523 5.2-1 ; S511.9}"a,." 525-626 r SANSYAS: or San'ls, race of plunderers in the F~~tival 'in south GUJarat, 5:B.-625; l"ira.cy. }',lnjab, V ilghns said. to have sprung from, 526 529. li10. t:ECUlI.lnBs: Bkat8,209 snd note 2. 210 and : Jadeja Rajput chiefship, 126. Dote 1 ; Ckaranll, 217. S.\NTR,\R!I: vow of fasting to death, taken by SEJA: tenant.held villages. 166. Jain SAtlhus, 111 note J. SXJ'AIL: leader of Gohils, 125. SANTRAAf: b01y man or bhagat. founder of t:iEJJA: bedS&ead given OD the twelfth dl\1 Santrampanth, hiB temple at N aililid, 154,547. after death, 5J. • ~ANTRAMPAl'I'T1H: see ReligIOUS Sects. S'BaPlufT: Gobraot Nag. form of worshJp, caree. SANyisIS: Shaiv. See D~n,lis. of snake-bite, 379-381.1. SAPOR: the Sassanian, his wars with Constll.n- Bx:av A.NTS: Personal, three classes of, strength tine, with Emperor Julian, 473 and note 5. and diatribution, 223 Bnd note 1 ; acoouu:~ SARAS: viHage, centre of MotUa BrAhmans; Df the three classes of, 22.8, 2J6. See Dh\lbl8, origi.n of name; Sllldhnath or ling stone·hoIlllil · 12 d • 1 Haj.tms. Kba"/b." _ of Shiv raised by R.tm near, an nooe • S".S. MK: grain, aeeds of, emblem o( Vlshnu; SAR A ~VATI·. Detfg, Brabm>t'll daughter,. bel' ...... f M k r ;;:an"'-~nt chief'," place of worship in Panj6.b, 19 ; RJver, worship of, offerings 0 • on Ii Ii "" ...... , in Panjab, gives na.me to S4ra.svo.t Brahmans, day, 391. INDEX. 587

SESODl.\S : or Sisodib, Rajputa, are called Gohila fHIIUUNG: 18 note 1; origin of Khatris, 189 orOehloh, $aid to he foreiJrn8ra of MiLlra tribe note L of the GUJar or Wllltl' HnJ;l& borde, 443, 45'2, SHETH: headlnan of a mercantile communitYr 4~-,-4~lt; ; the premier HIT.du family in India; 103. • Bahi.. their oldellt name; Eapps, their founder; SHlfV ..U;:S: priests, 19; Gnjar element in 500. 4\14, note" 2 and 3, 495; of Udaipllt', their f'HIALS: Ko'i<. See Kolis. ' l't'rsian connection, 439; R:l.na, the title SBIKOTRI: Shlkotar, goddess, 336, 363,520; a of the honoured family of, 495 note Ii; of famous SPirit, 417. G"jn>tit. repre!leDtatlH'8 of the Mevid house SUIKSnAPAT1!.I: sacred book of Matis Kanbis. (J{ Udaipur, tra 1821; l.~d.!lartM.s or mind rite- in the month of BJuid'lf'tYl, 50; pupils of, ~6-27. See Brahmans. satlsfYlllg tbe wisbE'S of the spirits of the SlIATRt'~JATA.: hill, inscriptions on, Gujjara dead, S18, 409; details of the rit..s among oceurs among the tnbe llames giv('n in I1rd.l"raall$, 50-51; RaIJI/LiIl, H9-151; iuscriptiollll, 499 note S; Jain shrmes Oll, H/tsblln,fme1t, and Kanbis, IGJ; 174; 175, ix. ; ;)30. 176; C".ajt~lRell, 181,; 183; I' 6 j 18S ; 192 ; SHAVING. of head, a lite. fee Cllau1. 195; 201; 206; Bluits, 214 j H;>rdsme'll, I:H1':XYlS: t:-ar.uvats, said to bave been sbip­ 235; 283. - WTt'CkI',l straDg'I'n purified with fire by SUK\VAKS: of 'Vestern IOllia, tru.N~S of Gujar Parru,lJUram, 4d6, 438; name Shenvi, a title e1ement iu, 496 j J'aniaB, 69; 70; ~6-1u3; of resp.:ct in Kachh, 438. Ma,.wQru, 103·105; Reli!Jion, JainisIl', two 688 INDEX.

leading sects Digambara, and Slwefdmbar" SrHOB: town near BM.vnagar, lilmoul fot II distinction between tbe two serts, 105 ~ fountain curing lepNsy-bealing water. J gael/hal or sub-sects in Rhvet4mbars, 105, history, " and note 2. lOr), 109 and notes 1 and 2 ; Shripojyas Sums: th('ir home-earth ill louth-east or spiritual heads of gachhas, 109·lIO; Punjab. 453 note 3. tllree classes of ascetics-' 4dhus, 106·10~. EIJ,.(DITYA: VII. Va'abhl king, snrnamed t'arlhvls, 108, Gorjis. 108-109; Relir/ious Dhruvabba.tta C".D. 766), grant of. 13. Ilulldtllgs, temples or dehra" description, SIL,(,d.RAS: Konkan rnl"rs claim de.cent frOID images, image iJlstallatlOn, 110, 111 and Jimutav>\bana, 16 note t. notes 1 and 2; ministrants, worship, 111- SILISA.TEM: worship of amall·pox godded OD, 113; monasteries or apasa1l£s, 113 ; 368. Hulidays, Pachussn, 113-lIE ; ~ iddha chakra­ SIM\DU, DBv: worebip of, 292, 313, 863. pUJa or saint·wlleel worship r Panjrdpol or SUtANTA: see Pregnancy. A nimal Home, 115; p'act's of pil~rimagf', 350. SIMANTONNAYal.l; hair-parting, Vedio rite, 81 BlIRICH-UDS: Brahmans, 2 ; strength and dis­ note 3. See Pregnancy. t.flhutlOn, 3 ; HI. See Gauds. fiIMARIO: lIee Samradev. /::iHRIMAL; town, capital of tbe Ourjjar SINDHIA: Maratha chief, admitted .. !raM' kingdom; n07 Bhinm41; ~hrlm6.lis ta.ke triya, 442. name from, 16 note 1; 19 ; 73. SINDHVA8: depressed clus. 321; o~ber names, SHRIMALIS: B"dkmalts, 2; streng~b and RalPut surnames, oCI:upa.tion. religion, distrlblltion, 3; 19; Vanias (Meshri) 346-347. derhation of the name; seem to' be GIl'j· SINHASTH: year, 550. jars. tOJllUerly Solanki Rajputs, 73. 496, eISODA : town, Sisodrva.. take name from, 464- 499 , V i.gheshvari the family goddess of, 73; I-IsoDIYA8: see Sesodi!s. Skrava1cs, subdivisions, distribution, said to p : wife of Ram. xxxvi.; believed to bave been have 1>I'('n cr('ated hy god(iess MabAlakshmi, purifiold by wlI.lkmg (In live charcoal, 356 J origin of Bubdivlsions, minor-cliVlsiuns, 97, 9 • A'sopAlav tlee worshipped by, 31:)3. I3HRINA:rHJII picture for Visbnu, xxxv, j shrine SITAL~: epidemic sman-pox, 368. See Swall­ at N:HI,dwl1ra, 157 ; 549. pox. tHRINBS : of north Gujarat, ix.; Shaivite, 54', SITALA-:MATA: small pox mother, goddesl 549; Vaishnav, 549; Mdtd, 549 ; Jain, 550; of" Sitala, ber form as described in books, wor· goddess Bahucha/(f.j1~ of goddess Ret'aU and ship, 368. See Small·pox. tomb of Ddtar Pir ,islted by sick persons, SIV ..-KANDA : of KAnchipura, leader of 866. t'ee Pilgrimage. Pahlava8, 44.5; admi ted t<1 the sacred dan SHRIPUJYAS: spiritual beads of Shr4va'k of Rishi BMradvdja, 442. gacMias, 106, 1011; selection; successors' SKANOAGUI'TA: 447. selection; initiation; d"ess; daily life, SKOBl!lLOFP: Russian general, Icbeme to invade 109·110. bee Shravak (Religion), India., 460. SHRIVRI\KSHA: eee Hel. SMALL-POX: includes Gobru or measles and bHROPI!': coin tester in V4nia banker's shop, Achhabda or chicken-pox; Sita/a, epidemio 79,81. form of, Slta.l~ MAta its goddess, day I'acred SHUKALTIRTH: p1ace of pilgrimage, 866, 54.9. for her worship. rites and form of worship, !:)aUKARVAR: Friday. 402, oJteri.ugs made to; safegu lrd" aga.mst attack SHUKRA: see Venus. of, performance of skant' ceremony in an ~HUIlPAN: place of pilgrimage, 54'.}. at,ack of. 368; Saiatl, endemic form of. !3HVETAMBARS: white robed, religious sect of Saiad Kaka. god of, 868, 369; days IHcred f:ihr1.vaks. also called TII.ppas; form of image for his worship; perul,ar treatment in an worshipped by, tbeir priests, 105; sub St:cts atta/tk of, safeguards to protect the ehild or gachhas in, 105, 109 and notes 1 and 2; from tbe gaze of people, 369; rules and 110. Sce ShrhakB (Religion). forms to be observed by the pa1'entl, 36:J· SI.ht:: Brdhman inlluence in, 437; introduc­ 370; pla.ces where image of god i. kept; tion fJf HI \hman and Buddhi~t details into famou~ • smaU-pox gods, 870; form of wor· lfterature and architecture of, 441. ship by the mutiler of the child, SiO. 37l ; SIDDHAOHAKRA PUJA.: eaht-wheel worship vowijtaken in an attack of, 37l ; spel'ial otter­ among Shrhaks, 115. I:-ee Shrlivaks. Ings to the gud, 371 - 372; Gobrv &'ld SIDDHARAJA: Jaisiugh (A.D. 1094 -1143), Ackkabda, ceremonies in an' attack of; SoJauki ruler of Gujardt, his sbrine at l:iddh­ Cattle-po~ plague. 372 ; 382. See Diseaae. pur, 445; overpowered ;Barbara and his SNAKB: bite, cure of, S64~ followers, and :iorced them to become Hindus, SNAIlB-PEOPLB: ma.rriago of, witb Brahmans, 443-444 ; 485. 435. SIDDHNA.TH: ling or stone-home raised by Rl1m SOLA.NKl: Chaulukya, tribe of Agnikula tire· in houour of god bhiv near the village of clan Rajputs, 483 i 8&i' to be llra.hm4- Sara.s, 12 1I0te 1. created, 449 note 8; 483; history of origin ; SIDDHPU.B: town in north Gujarat. "; 164 j Keo'f"1 Mata. the guard a'l or luck of; 17.6 ; also called Mat" Gaga, place of pil­ A "ahilpur their herita.;e, 485; believed to be grimage, 519; shrine, ix. of Guj ar stock, 483; evidence in support SIDHOJI: Gujar, admira.l of Mara.tha fleet, 499 of the belief, 485·487 ; powerfulllucce!l80rl note 2. - of Chhad4a in the sovereignty of Gnjarat; INDEX.

present ehiel1aObel ot, $a Rewa Ktntha and the aae-morial rites at holy plaeEe; day. lOl' .B.t.nad .. 12:). Goddess. 305. See Agnikula.J. performing riwe. ..u; If nng to pUgrimages fOLDUtas: among G~ 5(lQ. with the ~ i25; Sctlriag flQen-~ in &.lI.ATs: JIJAad.lt• .&»5; lustorieal &.emplo Ad.d gr-.. in. 3S3 i in d ..g"5f Cat.-Do,r, 37;'\ of. lot Prabh4.. dtldtroYN by the Muham- Donkey,3;6. Goat, 37;, JiOI'SlP, 376. Monkey: mt.ians; modno. built by Aha:y6.hli Holkar 3~8; 1lI Fw, SiG. ill Ii/af.e. of Khikh-,ro. (A.Do. lsoo,. 19 a"ld DOte 2; 19,) ; 4.88 i J~oli" 8S5. pjplo. 386; in &11; in If'ater, 349; Ii-g. of, stL l'itaIlor Prabb4s Pa&aD. pJace lJeli,·..r-'I'IWS<.'e .. r the bclids weabning, -l:?5; t4 pi'grim&ge. 9. 3~ 119. W. U1 i 1>49. '"'~ in. amollg Kolia. 217. Ihjputs, 137, So_""au: Bri~_ .... 19 i are the only true Earl,y Tribt>s.29j. SOl; Q.ielillg oftl"Ou':Jl.e- f;laea of 8&llts or m&:iCDI i tbeirdistnbution J II01De ramily 'pints &lDung high easte Hin.lu~ &aid to be originally Brahman4 J ckfik-d in 410. among early a~d ... ild tri~, 416-417 ; tht-ir fjr~ma'lic Pt.rJ\1 by a Jain merchaDt, L_.-.prelimi_~Y1Dl!desadopWin. 4l7- 19:;·196 I gftat Gtlrjjara boll.:kra. 499_ ~8 i exorc:i,.t or spirit-scaftr. bldot.her Bamea; &>lIlVATI ".~: 23 ~ 5. mode of gaining 8pirit~"Dg po.. er. rites to &05' •• : Gold and Silversmiths. &is dirisioDl of be olMient:d by high e'aill Bmdll ex~ists, by -TnIg"".,claimapart-brihman;:;rigin.197; low C4ste Hindu e.orc:i~ by Mnsalmill PGrtl)ld6, tbdr two braoebes, claim Hajput exOft.'i.aa; Hindu _thod of gaining 4:Ontrol ~n aadlai.1 to have oome from Persia, 197 over a spirit on the dark fOC1lWeutb of K.oo, aM not.e ) ; origill of t.he two bra:U:'hcs of ~8; ldts to &sCelWIl the pMlenoo of a Gar'" a and l'aua'1~ disbibution. J97-19S; apirit-G-r.aia &est used by BlJlIdu exorc:,.qs, S4,..11144 origtnalh bhrimali VbiAs. tWQ 419; [Gap rtlJYclw. ~t ('aIled 8ajnit prac- dins!o!l8 in; .J[er;JtiJa, ortgi .aUy ~yida iised by Mlll>&lmu exoreists. 40194'.10; Di.- ViniA" i AI,;,..... 5&1>1 to "ave 4:Ome ffOla lodgi"g, by mild measures, by harsh 1IIft\8IlJ'e9 7 AU"ir; Q.~fJaN. said to belong to the ~. deviees used to make the possessed Gujjar \" allla .. toek; names of other e!a..~a away his bOOr, 4:!1; to make him spea~ follo'"ing too enft. of. 198; division. of. 421-422; modes of 4:Oofining a spirit. into aceordlng to work. So-u. Jl1ldi~. P_A- bottle, into a lemon. 422; signa t.b.~ the eAlga,..; tldli_ or shop; tools; daily hfo}; spin1i baa left; spirit possesSo!d uorcilil. tl3 ;. eha~ter. 199; JI:iligiou,j sects; falD.ly god- PP:ll"ea adOi'~ of uonist employed by de..""'dS, ~O;); holy men or IJAag.t_ among; Rajpu.ts '0 dislodge spirits. 137-138- customs, 201-202. SPIBl1!.POllI!USI05': see Spirits. SooYS..AYIS'Q: early belief. 131. SPlRJr-sc"~G: aee Spirits.. &P11l1; betdpalm. be~lnuu used in all saeri~ _ 9".. "0__ _ fice.. S37 SrL"!f: enlargemeo\ OAo dUiJ. fee .uu-ul. SoaulI: beeolDH Muslim t.?rritory. 125. ~PJlI:!rG8: Abode of water-gnd \"' amna. 349; t;()U.TtlItAs: BrtlAmdll. 2.>; .'•• i ••, Yo!Sbri, chief hot spring of Uni.i m Sura, ~trict. a class of Ir«&l commere,al ent.erllriae, are 85(\ known al Chhi"ari~; 7ft ac.d note L S!'ABS: considered divine beings. TOp made to, SOIlCUT: early ht-hillf. &e &liefs., Early. 406_ "palWlI: see La·lgll&;e. SUBLlI: Hindn eastes and customs, classiJica. SPILLS: bo:lit!f:t in. 191. tl(m of Bri.hmaos in, 1 note J. 8PIt>!R: beuo}fs about. 380. ~l](1!LAnS AJiJ) NABCOTICS: in use in SPl&1TIJ Cliun. malesca!l.!dB.bI.a~dfemtJ~. (,uj',.t. Fermented aud Distillt'd drin .... caUed p..I'';Clutl.. f.lrtb€r cla~ into tad. or \oddy. _A.da liquor. ltxu..-XXI.; GiClF1l4 64"'_ or , ..4ac:.hi t.h .., 18 fa!lllly drinkiug d~ XXL·~k:lii.; Hemp pre- .pinta, a~d 8.iltdr_ 6bt. or pi•• tic .... 'ba parltions. 6AGng. 1/lihdi. gf,nja. xxx ii.,.- U o.Juitle spirits i the qme' fawily sp1nts" xxxiii.; Opi •• i 1'"j,,_ i Bet"_. Ttl. their wi:>bt'8; the tro'li.bl~ family spirits. and (.'0"«. u:~iii.-lI.ltJ::iv. their mu. Lief, 416; _mes of 'he chief male ~ro~"'B : .. .rshi p of. t:OlI~r.t«lstcne8. forma of and fema'e ouWde sVirita; .Jl.... lllld • • ~ir.u gods and gOltJesstl6 as stoues worshipped .by -.J•• a'ld Paru. their &bo..lo}, 417 ; Dofrio}od· higb Cll4e HiDdll~; YarietWs used in makmg J.y spini;1J., Sill. 363. 377. 379. '16; fooJ, idol,,; S441igrti". stOlle representing Yishn ••, .l7; fayouri1ie bunts. 6.l)uI & !!eo 38J; tl7 J stone ling repr_nting ~hiv; eOll8ecratloo of; dal i 'I'l'e~ 383, 411; ays moifi favourable tre.. " d as a god .her consecration,. 36J ; daily for spirits entering bDma~ bodi~ oceastOlllS wonbip of, 303; atones 1Vorsbippe.l by low for eDterin~ bodt~ 417 i ~ spin1i da'l aDd wild 'ribee. 3d!. 363 ; dwellino""S and na1D8 o~ 00. 3-19. 417; PiiUUnq. 01' of gods andgoddessesworshlpped; dwellings eeUloN. ligna showing ~UIl, 4l5, 416, of Ule ~. stOll'l8. or esirna nised in 417 ; pe.lp~e liahle &0. B(ilhmans beheved to mOlmory of l"he dead-D4/rti8, f.)rm of. be spirit-proof, WOUAJQ open to" during their day. an,l do}ta.i.la of worship. 363; PtilifUo moolbly sickness, ill pregrumey. in childbed, Dtimh"'fa., Clir.u, literal meanmg of, ~6. children .p'to b.! 1IIl~ bl a spir", 416 ; form 01; obJec\ and for wbom rai

SUN: called Sllrya, a planet, 392, 393-398. See TAYLOR: Reverend J. S., S note 1,237 not('& 1 l'lanet (bUll) and 2; on Guja.re.t Dhl'da., 319 out" 1 • 3W SUSD,\Y: RaVlv~r, other name of; is sacred note 2; au note 1; 3i3 !lute 2. • • to the bun, 393; bebefs about, 396. See l'uIA. : see Tabuh. P!allet (~Ull). T.ta: \lJIed as a stimulant, xxxiv. ~e SHum­ fUNDRI: v.lld-go of, shrine of Samudrimata at, lauts. 71,74. TEJA.'4: see Light. 8UNG--YUN: Chmese pilgrim, 437, 454- TBLANG: Bl'l\hmans; appt'arllnce, cu;tom~, SURN ~~IE8 : mo~t1y RaJ put, In ca,tes other than leI gtou, 51. See Br.lhlll-\Ils. BrdhlU8.n", 1B, Jis, 177, 179, 181,186. 190, TEMPLE!! Jain. See D"bra!. 1112, 196, 207. TERRY: European travdler (A D. 1618), noti(,1!8 SURYA; see Plallet (Sun). Vtnia honesty, 78 note 1- SURYA~·ALOKANA.: sun-gazing, the ninth VediC TRAKAilDAH, 10l'd'lIlg~)RaJ put-Koli clucfd,x.239. rItc, 31 note 3. TH\RAo: Vagh .. la c1\1~f.hip. 12tl. ~TTRYAVItAT: Bun vow, nature of, perform­ THoBHur BiROT : .. llhat poet. 213. all('e'i ot, 3D~. S(?C t-un. TaoRIs: wandering tribe. 00;)·510. f'fTIWAY\ "TI< A th' ee·cornered sun copperplate, TaRB~D: sacred, worn by clas:res other than wor~hlp of, 393. 8ee Planet (:-)lIU). Brahmans, XIV. note 1. SUTIIARfl . carpenters, six divislOllS of ; distri­ TaRI!.A.D-GIRlIrNG: calk'll Up,mlll/

TllIlltRTl : B~ndu Trinity, xxxvi. See Trinity. UNTADU: place of pilgrimage, 549. TP.u'1TY: or l'n71'll'rei, Brahm", Vishnu, and UPANAYAlrA.: 8ee TbreadgIrding. Sluv, worsh p, :lxxvi., 53!,532. See Keligion. URDHV.I. !fAHus: order of 8haiv ascetics, 544. TUESDAY: day sacr~d to MlIol"iI, other names of. bee I haivs. • beliefs Ilbou t. 40 1·402- UBPATT.AlII: Olp6.d, origin of the name, 12 note 1. Tn,AvA: Br&hlllans, said to have beel! made by &e Olpad. Pal'»hurd.m, 43G. UUB: see OswaJ,. [1. TULJA. BIi~ v ANI: shrine of, in the Nizam's UTltAL: snbdivislOn of Gaud Bdhmans,lllote t.crrltory. 649. TnsI: /lwed basIl plant, held 6Ilcred by ..11 ('!a.-sell, cbieBy by Clwrtl7lB, 22,0, by Deprossed ACBBA : lord of the). gara race. said to have class./l, 33:>, 333, Bh.n7l!J,aa, 3.l6, hitedalJ, V started C~ndra,.ansa and Vaehhya clans; 341, by rIJIShflO1l8, KhatrtB, :{87; regllrde.l saId to be head of S.. mbhar ChobAns, 450. as Vibhnu'li conllOlt; ~orabip of; marrIage V ACHBYA.: Raj put clan, atarted by lord Yach· .j) ~ of, with the image of Vishnu on the bright hr.,450. eleveuth of Kartlk, 387·388; other occasions VACBRA.N: goddess, 205. for wOJ'llhip j sin·cleansing pOWEr of leaves, VAD: Indian fig, believed to be the emblem 3SS; l~ put in the month of the dead, 47. of ShIv; worship of, by women on fullmoon 94, lol, St-8; offered to Vh,hnu, 409. da)'s, object of tbe ,,·orship, 388. TULBIR"')(: form of Labhmi and Krishna, V A.DAD~A: Brahmans, said to be immigrants 266. from Upper India. 2, 20. TULSISnY.hl : place of pilgrimage. 549. V ADHEL8: Ra;puts, 129. TUMot"B: disease, its cure, 365. VADRv.1!r: JhalaR"JPut ehiefship, 127 ; 488. TURIS: Drummers, strength, 20;, 225 ; origin ; V ADlr AGA B: town, dynastic seat, ix.; original object of worshIp; custOIIIS. 225-227. seat of Na~ar Brahmans, 13, 15; said to TURli:s: immigrants into IndIa, route by which have been founded by Kansksen. 15 and l.'utl.'reJ. India, ait! to Bro.hmans. 455 ; beaten note 1; identIfied with Knarttapura, 13 by Sri Harsha. 448; Gujus suggested to be, note 2; installation of Shiv's ling under the 4119. name of n".akeshvar at, 14. I:'ee Nligars. V ADNAGAlU.: diVIsion of N:igar Brahmans ; 1~1 15. See Nagan. TTDAIl'U'B : in Rajputana, Rana. of, premier VA-DSAR: K"lhi chief of Jasdan, modelland. U Hindu pr'nc') lD ILdia, head of Gohils, 125 J lord,254 Me divine po\\er, 436 note 1, 44] notu 1. V ADTll: holy place of Svt!.minar4yens, place UDUfBARA: Brahmans, said to have come of pilgrimage, 637 ,549. from M.l.rw"r and Rajputana, 2 ; 20. V AGR: see Tiger. UDASI: relIgions sect, 047. See Beligious V AGHANDlrVI: goddess, 878. teets. V"'onllAlU.s: tig'er's twelfth, worship of tiger C GRAD: MArwl1r astrologer, father of ., on, 378. See TIger. 3£1. V"'OR D'SV; ~on.hip of, 292, 319 ; 321, U.1A.NI: caste picnic, nvii. See Entertain­ V A.Gnrus: Rajputs, rulers of GUJarat after ment. the t-olankis I exIsting ehi~fsLips, 1%9; Chao UJLl VAUlf: bright coloured race, chief munds their family deity, 136 ; 8hakti wor· dassel', x.; dlvlslons--upper class called shippers l worsbip the horS" on Dasara Day ; Brdlmw.n VanlIJ, lower class called GAcincJ,.i worship picture of the koyeZ or cuckco ; paci· Gola, "iv. ; objeet of worship; behefs, x. ; ficatiou of Bood spirits by, 137. acttlemeuts,-xi.·xii.; castes,xii-xi.v. ; language, VAGHEES: Ileafarers, 6J 9; nAme; divisions-­ X\'. Se .. Xryans. Hindus and Mnsalmans; settlements; snr­ CKJ.RDI NOTAlI.VI: dunghill-asking ceremony, Dames, 522; origin; appearance; language; 42_ c}Jsracter; occupation; religion, 523. See CMJ.: or Umia, Kanhi goddess, xxxvi. i temple beafarers. of, at UlIja, 164, 165,226. V"'GBBSHVARII goddess of ShrimaI, family t"M.BAB: tree, believed to be the resting·place of deity of Meshri Sbri.mali Vauias, 7& ; 200 and il3g"e Bbrig'll, worshipped during Ka«if'atr. note 3; 378- holIdays, 388. V"'GBRIS ; strength; meanilJg of name; Ita/Dry, U1UA.: lICe UIDa. accounts of origin, 486, 51()'512 ; divisions, U)(lU.DS: Vo.nhl.s,Medri, '74 ; Slm[vaks, take 612 ; OriglO of divisions; appearance l dress, MIne from Hum4a, their spiritual head, 98. huts, food; means of livelihood. 518; reli· UMBO PATKAB: Kathi leader, marriage of his gion; (' hief holidsJl!; saints among, ances­ daughter WIth a RaJ put chief of Dhank, 2.)2. tors, SUo; take pride in the chastity of UNAI: goddess, It.li;Xvi. f hot spring at, Dear women; ordeal to prove woman's chastity, Banada in Gujarat, its sacredness, 157, 836, 514-515; vow.making by, fulfilment of, 341, 350, 549. See Springs. 516-517; customs. marriage, 517, birth. U:NBV"'L: Brahmans. come from lu'rw£r and death,518. Rajputana, 2 I 20. VAHI PC.J.lN: book worship on last day of the UlrIUllSB: its fOlmat.io~ 843. See Element year, details ot ceremony, 82. See Vania$, Worship. VAIDHRAT8: 23 note 5. UlrJA: village, traditional foundation of, temple VAJOYA...'(,h'lI: place of pilgrimage, 549. of goddess Uma lot, 1640. V.URAl': Raj, of Matsyanagar. 294. :. 2181-75 , INDEX.

Y AIRATPUR I or VirlH, supposed to be Dholka, 17 J ot traders, ahopkeepeN 'j poor V'lIla Pawlavd take refu;;e at, 252 note 1 ; 2:a or village tr.. l~r·s sta·t in hfe 7~; mone). V All'! UN A V cree,i or sects, fO'lr cults or londer', start in life, 7~ and note 3; Euro. samprarlO.yas - Sl"ri, Sunaktidi, Srimha pearl travellers' UOti!'6 ,"f 'V '011l sl..ill • Brahmrt; ge,er,tttun, 533: f"llower" of &Ild ,·hal'a~ttlr, 7 11 note 1; hOllorllic titlell of Vishn'l ('nJl.'d, XXXVI. ; 530 j placea of pil­ bhalt and Pare"". 78 nutll ~ I bll .. ineiS of grimage, ;")i9 See VI~hnllite. rich merchant, 79 I a8 Balll..,r/l, 71- 82 I VAITA£. lEV; V\or.hip of, 2B". Book·worshi} or VahlpuJan, t2; Aecount \' AITAH.NI )'1\ er in the mfernal regions, 372. Dooks. 82 - 88; daily life, 8 .. I iteligion.­ See ('ow. adherent8 of Vallabhaco,i.r,} as(,CL. Mah4r4ja•• YAJAI 11ATA: patron godiless of Baj,mia.'I, 003 religioull boad, of the sPt1t, 6'1, 70 j c08tom •• VAJAS' Rljput branch of Rithod cldn, 129. - Bfrth. Chhathi ]Iuja.n. iUran balia", V-"-KHAR: bu~iue~s office of a Vania. banl-er. wor .. hip, 89 I Betroth ,I"~ 'Prl'~ellte j!iven (In, 79 89·90; Marrw,ye, age, the 1D3r.i"L\'e d:ly. \ AKHATN ..\TR· saint or pi,. of PJtan, 247. fIIaudwa-making rerl'IDony, HO; chor; or VAL \: famotls city of Valabhiptlr, :::0. marriage altar, pfesents gIVen on the m.lrrisll'e< VALAnm: ('it.\, dynlsti~ se.t, ix. called Vala- day, proces~ion. 91; ma,ru'g.J serviCe, 9:!-93 ; blnpllT, f'onql1cst of, hy M:lhiras lfi flh century), P1'egnancy, P(~n(''' mQ8i ceremony, 9.i; I1meJllt 1 '5, 4~8 4'J5; r"ioed by 'Arabs, 125, 496. ceremo",}', 93-94 t [)path, Litlr, da!j4f18. widow, VALABHlS: supposel by Dr. Bhagva,.Ltl to funeral rites, 94. 96; Community, l\fH.hAjan. be GUI'lJar,; by Dr. Hultz8ch to be Mai. 95; Prospects, 96; ,sltrav,,/«. m! of Slsodl4S, 12.'), 129, 49J, 494 Y AN rHALI: nea.r J uniga:lh. 125. note 2, -!9,j, petsant propritltiors, I:JO; visit VAl' PA: lice .nappa. tapas and tombs, 37; 213 !:lee Valabhis. V A.RAHRUP: place of pi1grimage, 549. V ALAsN \: Hathor chief~hip, 129. V ARAH-

VEDIO: rltes, Mme. of, 81 and Dote 3. See Vows: marrioll6, 45, 46; Moon, 400; S"II, BrAhman'. 394; made to Tapal. 137. 362; of walking V.aus: 5l'e Ubansalis. Ovtcr li"e coal as a cure ft r cattle plague VIJANAND BnSARl\o: CMrau saint, 272. and sickll('ss. 857 ; taken in saint's bonou~. VELO: Koh SfHhu, 2-17. 361 ; by a barrell woman, 367 ; when child is VBNA: rO\1Io1 Rlbhi. caused " confusion of atta(,kt!d "ith small·pl\x., 370. :~71 ; during castes, 43-1. and Dote 9. epI,\elDlCs, 4-14.; taken by Vagllris, 515·517. V.NI'S: 8hukra, plantot. details of worship, VIU,NDA: wlf~ of demon JlIll!.udhar, curaell 402. fee Planet (Worsbip). by n ... hnu, Vishnu's C4)Ilsorli in the form of VUA.I: gQJd~s9, !OJ i :247 • 3113. 'lUISI, 881. See Tulsi. VIBUOTI: cowdung ash. Brahman's Baeted VnIATRAsUR: demon, 9. dust, 3j3. 800 Cuw. VRlJl. ruler of M,.lwa, is ijaid to have intro­ VIDU:!TBA.: form of BI'llhml\, beliefs a.bout. 3a. duced n"w diVisions into old castes, 400 VIDYARTBlS: pupils (,f the l:iluistri, training, nute 3. devotion to tbe 8b,\strl, 26·27. See bh:1strl. Vl!.lN vA v A!f • place of pligrimage, 5"'0. VIGNB: (_~.D. 1840), -lSI. Vll1SHADHWAIA: Bull stand,ud used'lT VIHA.T.DEVl: V dgbrls' guarilian goddess" story lhhlMkul..l, H2. of ber quarrel with Bh&gw.m, 511 and note 1, Vy AG HRAMl7KHA king of Gurjj!\f&S, is said to 512; shrine of, otflJrings of sacrifices at, 515' belong to S Ii Ch... pa d\ J1astv, 4"8 and note 3. 516. See Vagllrilio Vy.u: Brabmans, origin ,f,21. •V IJA.YA.l'E VI see Shami. VYATIP.bli: days of certam combinations of ¥ULI: lightning, 3Q~. See FIre. stars, 23 note 5 on page 24. fINDIiYA \' A'INI: goddess, xxxvi •• shrine on the . rlfer NtigmlltA close to N,nacagar, chief temple uf, at Chhal.ya nea.r Porbauda.r$ ADHEL: Rajput tribe., Musnlmau prisoueu wordhlp~d by Jethvas, 136. ' W of war enrolled among, by Mulraj II. VIR: spirit, a h03ro, 426. See WitcbcraU. (~.D 1177·\ ';9),444. VIR.AT; town. bee Vairottpur. W ADIAs : ParAl boat-bu'lUers. 205. VISAS: sectiQU 1n V aUla Cu.sk.s, mellJling of, 70, \VALKE,l: Colonel, his description of Kathi,,) 435. ... ~52 ; 1'53; 257 nJte I. VISHNlT: g'ld, the Preserver, second member W Al'IDEKERS • begging Brahmans, f(lllowers of of HLIldu Tdulty or trimfj,.ti. ; wOlsllip in his goddebs Bechra ; daily bfe, 29. See Br.ih· incarnationsof k!tm and K risllua. XXX\ i.. 530, mans. 631; cur.ed by Vralllia. mllrria~tl with Vr.tnd~ \\" AR IS: see V arsoli. in Ler form of 'l'ulsi, 387·3b8; blood ess \V A1Ea: or apt all eleTMnf, two kinds of, earth offeringll made to, ill his form of h rldhna, and sky; ddt es or gods pre-idmg oy('r; 40;); ci~"l'rilalJ leaves offered to, 383; seSll-me running wat~r pure; sbn(illlg w.. ~er '8eed" the l'Ulblem of, 391; worship of Jmage defiled; used m val ioul! rel1gious purposes, .as Hallchhod)l o.ndR;1dh\.krishna, xxxv.,ilS; removes outward impurIty. c1~an~('; froUl 136 i :.!13; 362- siu; u~ed in every d.,y wllr.hip; water VISHNU KANDHI: place of pilgrimage, M9. dropping ovol' Shiv's ttl/g, offered in all Vl!$R"'IU PCRAII' : 5J2. 8"tI l'urans. d,rdddlia services; o1cject, il4S ; used in ease. VISIDl'l'B HI. guarllian·pleasing, fourth Vedic of Fplrit-scizures; gif~ of; five abodes of nte, 31 note 3. water-god Varuna, tbt' spa. riv(,fs, ponds, VI"HN'U1T~.s: religious Sects, followers of spli,"gs, wt'Hs, 350; form and detriils of Vishnu, dlvislOlls-followers of Ram, crnef wOl"~hip. 849 351; detruis ~ raUl worship, Sects, f,.lIo\\cI" of Krishna, chief Secls, 53'), %lo:·3M. 533, 535. See -]telid ions !)ects. WATSON: Colon .... 1 J. W., 237 note 2 ; 240 not€g 1rISNvU;,vAMI: founder of Simba Sampraddyci 3 nnd 4" "41 note 1 I 245 note 1 i hu;torica.l cult of Val:!hn .. v sects, 533, 53~. See sketch tf Kadus, 257·:2&0. V 8LShIllW. WFA-':ING: Sl'e Botan VXSBVADEV: Universal Lord, fire so considered, 'YEA-THEa: tt'sts to fincl out dry or wet year 356. Soo Fire. among better class husbandmen, 353 - 354, YI~nv4KARllA.: divine world builder, 202. amollg early tn bee, 354 ·355. See ltain. BOllk, 20.! note 1. WEDl\ESDAY: Budhvir. ~cred \0 Mercury, YlsHn:,;nVAll: great Shaivite temple of, at otheT name of, bclief~ about, 40:? Ban.iras, 549. '" ELLS: abodes of water·god Yaruna, 349 f YlS~"'GAIi: t()wn in Bu.ro

who cntl'red India'. pa~B('d from nortbl'rn 8maU-pox, 868; :Cll'ml'nfl, 348·a;)8 I FH''', settlements in Klrgiz; overtook Ju.a.n-Jul\,n 356; Pomls, 800; Rain, :JIH ; River. 349 ~ in ()xn~ nllpy 472 ; crossed O~us and passed Sea, 349; Sprin~8, 350 I Wakr. l:i7' 3411 J south ttl Inclia, united with other bod ell of Wells, 350; \Villd, 8&8; QrJ{ru i or h~\nlly Wl,ILC Hunas, 473, 471-4713; referred to goddess, 31, 32. Sf), :l9; GraHl 8Ru-SnZ' in In,lilt by complimentary title of Mlhiras Hill, 388 389; Pl'!net, 392-406 , C..,'mets, 4U6; or l\hitnklts, 4·71, 473; Gujars prol'lld to' Elirtb, 403; JUpiter, 4O:t; Mal'8, 4111, M.. r­ be K lJo.l.7,3.18 and therefore same I\S White cury, 402; Monll, 396; 8atnt!l, 44J:i; Sta\'8. Hlil1a~, 43~, 475-477; were "reat cham­ 406; Sun, S93 ; Venu". 40~; Plant, 382 aS8 • piom of Brahmans, 433 , settlements along Saint-Wlml, 115 l Spint, 137-138; St01U': Kon;' tTl eoa~t • .g,3~, 439 note 1; Mihiraknla :-16:&-365 j Tomb, 358-3u~. (A.D_ 480-0:3,,) their great leaner, '39,4H, WRITBRS: cLief c1asslilJ of, nawellt .tre!lgtb .'IJ. 4·1,2, h3 nute 1, 41,4 note 4, 459; tite-rever­ diatribution, 55-liS. endng element in, 441; opposed Bud­ dlll',m ~nd favoured Brahma.Ulsm, 449 ;453; 469 , 1 Go. See Khazars, Cu;jars. 'VIIJIIW' rltf'R RmOIl1Z' BranfllaulJ, 50; Rajputs, J.DAVS: theory of t.he hOlne retu1'1l of, ~ ]~:J. Sr,'/'(tr,ah, 102; Vdmds, 95. Y note 4. \\"ITH)\\ -ylARRIAGE: or Natra, different forma YAHIANS: patrons ot Brahman prie.ts 23. of, a,rnong Koliq, 240 - 250; allowed among YAJNAVALlCYA: Hindu sage. 10, I JJIlJ'ds and Actors, 213, 221, 226; Bra"'· YAJUU. VEO"': one of tbe fonr Vella., Guja.r't. flUIII". Anilichy,\s of V,lgall, 7; Bhojaks, 8 ; Brahmans fullowers of, 2. .ld,hm, t.i MO,lhs, 12; Para.jiyAs, 16; Rtl.jgors, YAJUR VEDIS: Brthman.. !:lee Dakhani Brah· Ii ; K';'thuvlid S.lrllsvats, 1,,; Tapodha.ns, ma.ns. ~(); Vyh, 3 1 ; Oraftsmen, 179, HH, 183, YAKUDI: or M4jam. See Stimulant. 11-<-" 1:S6,188, 189, 190, 192, 195, 197, y A \1: god of death, 377. ~Ol, 206; llerd~men, 285, 236,289; Hus- YUODHARMMAN: king of Mlilwa, (.a..D. (30), 1,',l/dlltPn, 1/)4-, 16:l, 170, 172, 174; ]75; 4440 ; 44ti j 453. .Ad/IllS, '2.>7; Lohdnds, 122; Personal Se".- YATA1U,S: Greekl; conqueror. ill We.tern f VI7I1I~, :::30, 2~4. Iudia, 433 ; mainly Baktrian Greek •• join 'WILFORD: mention of BM,tia.s, 116 note 7 ; Ku~ha.ns in Kabnl va.lley, entranco into India, 117 note 1 ; ~36 Dote 10; 442 note 6 on page 455; couTerted to- BnddhiaID, 433 J broken by 443 Gantatniputra., 448. WILLl nrs: Colonel, 2U. YAYATI KElIARI: line oj' Yavanu, brougut Brah· lVrLLOUGBBY : Mr., on Kolis, 237 no~e 2. man. to OriBI!&, 440·441. WII,SUN: Dr. J., ] 54: note 1 j on Kolis. 237 l"B-TA.-I-LI-TO: Ephtbaltto, 4.')8 note 7. notu I ; on Rhlls, 294 note 1 ; 334 note 1. , !BTA.S: leading miled bOl'de of Ivre1gncra, 'VINV. or V dyu, an element, 34.; ; its god, be­ ~ ,,-:Oxn. Va.1ley Whlte HtinM known all, 4721 allo liefs about, wmd compla.ints and tbeir cure; known as Ephtllll.lite., 455; al~o known a. curlent beh,!f~ rega.rding direction of,358_ Khazars and Mihiras, 461; White nunr. of WITCHC' RA t'1' belief in, 30~-3Q3, 425 430. See Khazar race known as, 4.iG. Witt-hps, Uelu·fs, Early. ' YOGIS: order at Sbaiv ascetiea. 612; Damp, YOg'a 'VI1'CHES' Ddkens, powers of bew'itchiitg, philosophy; dill'el'llnt grwt'8, 643·M4,. See 292, 425·426 ; wom-eu suspected to be, 426 l bbaiv Ascetics. wa~" adopted to £nd out a wltcb, S02-lJ03, YuoIIIlIr: leader of OX'I18 VaHey ""'hi~ Utb)N, 426 ; found !Hnonll: low caste Hindus a.nd early 472. tribes; bra,l-quarters of witchcraft in Gujarat, YU'DHI~Tf[J]U.1 h" teet for admiilion ILl Bdb· 426; tntychzef by witch glance, by influence ma'ls,437_ and effect of mithinaJ"'" or 8weet\ook, YUECIII: or Yuetcbi, possible trace of tbe name, 42i; chief guards a;;ramst evil eye. 427-428; 44)3 note 40; (J.reat, .ee Kushan. J Ltttle, see ascel'tainiug sickness caused by evil eye, 4211 ; Kedara. SI:lZUre lil!ns, mean~ to drive out, 429-; otber YtrsVI'ZU; cbildren of Joseph. 463 note 4. ways of u1l8chlef ; their supernatural powers bJ'lII/.: gain as well as trouble to them. 430. 'YolIB ~\JAR[)INO: lIee Galbha-Rlloksbana. ARIR: Pir, ~hha.di procenion in hononr of. S36 '"0uD CARYJoCSG: art~ by 8urat Sutbars, 2.05 and note 1. See l:iutbtrs. Z note 1 ; origin, 524.-525- 'VOk"H[P: chief object~ of modern Hindn wor­ ZUAKA. : private a.partment. of Bajpnt women, ship, Trinity • r Trim4rti-Brabm4, Visbnu, 133 ; inma.tes of, 147. ~hiv, xxxvi., 531 ; 532j .Animal,372-a82; Book ZOROASTRIA.NS t or .Mobed., Mag-ba Dr4.'hmanif. 821 IJi.ssale, 865-572 i Healing Ibrines, 866; laid' to _be. 440 and no~ 40. "