PA FISH and BOAT COMMISSION COMMENTS and RECOMMENDATIONS June 25, 2007

PA FISH AND BOAT COMMISSION COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS June 25, 2007

WATER: Briar Creek Basin (405D) EXAMINED: June 2006

BY: Wnuk, G Bureau Director Action Date: 610a Division Chief Action: Date:

WW Unit Leader Action: Date:

CW Unit Leader Action: Date:

AREA COMMENTS:

The Briar Creek Basin was examined in June 2006 to update inventory information on previously surveyed waters and to conduct initial examinations of Cabin Run and Fester Hollow. Wild trout were present in most of the stream sections we electrofished. Glen Brook, Section 02, supported a Class A mixed wild brook/brown trout population. Briar Creek, Section 01, and Fester Hollow, Section 01, supported Class B wild trout densities. Wild trout abundance in the other stream sections was low. Physical habitat evaluations indicated that sedimentation was one factor limiting gamefish abundance and fish species diversity in the watershed.

AREA RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. Glen Brook (405D), Section 02, should be managed as a Class A wild trout water. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission should add Glen Brook Section 02 to the list of Class A wild trout waters.

2. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission should add the following sections to the list of streams that support trout reproduction: Briar Creek, Section 02; Fester Hollow, Section 01; Kashinka Hollow, Section 01; and Glen Brook, Section 02. Other sections in the basin that support trout reproduction are already on this list.

3. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection should upgrade the Chapter 93 water quality classification of Glen Brook, Sections 01 and 02, from coldwater fishery to high-quality coldwater fishery.

4. The Columbia County Conservation district should investigate sources of sedimentation in the Briar Creek Basin and take corrective actions.

S. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission should continue to manage Briar Creek, Section 02, and the West Branch of Briar Creek, Section 02, with plantings of adult hatchery trout on a preseason only basis. Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 2

6. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission should continue to manage all of the streams in the Briar Creek Basin with statewide angling regulations. This work made possible by funding from the Sport Fish Restoration Act Project F-57-R Fisheries Management.

Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission Bureau of Fisheries Division of Fisheries Management

Briar Creek Basin (405D) Fisheries Management Report

Prepared by: Robert Wnuk

Date Sampled: June 2006 Date Prepared: November 2006

Fisheries Management Database Name: Briar Ck Lat/Lon: 410226761720

Introduction

There is a substantial fishery resource in the 40,000+ miles of flowing water throughout Pennsylvania. To realize the potential of this resource the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC) has established a policy of resource examination and classification. The primary objectives of the examination are to document a stream's fish populations and to collect social, physical, and chemical data that influence the way we manage fish populations. Establishing relationships among these parameters allows each individual stream section to be placed into a resource category. Once assigned to a resource category, a management program that is consistent with statewide goals and objectives can be implemented.

The Area 4 fisheries management office has been conducting stream examinations on a drainage basin level to facilitate management by resource classification. We selected the Briar Creek Basin for investigation in 2006 because two tributary streams had never been surveyed and the information we had on previously surveyed waters was dated. Thus, the objectives of our examination were: 1) to collect baseline data on the fish populations in unsurveyed waters so we could assign them to resource categories and 2) to evaluate past management practices in the watershed and implement new strategies where appropriate.

Study Area

Briar Creek is an 11.0 km long tributary to the North Branch Susquehanna River at River Mile (RM) 32.30. The 85 km 2 drainage contains six named tributaries (Table 1) and is located in Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 2

Columbia and Luzerne Counties. Much of the basin is heavily developed. Berwick, the largest borough in the drainage, had a population of 10,774 individuals during the 2000 census. Because of this development, there are numerous National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) outfalls in the watershed. Most of these discharges originate from small, private sewage systems with design flows of 0.0004 mgd. Other land uses in the basin include agricultural areas, woodlots, and single-family rural residential developments. The only major piece of public land in the watershed is the PFBC's Briar Creek Lake, a 20.2 ha impoundment on the East Branch of Briar Creek. Additionally, State Game Lands (SGL) # 55 encloses a small portion of the Briar Creek headwaters.

The underlying geology f the Briar Creek Basin is a complex mixture of Mississippian, Devonian, and Silurian Aged sandstones, siltstones, claystones, hales, and conglomerates. The Devonian and Silurian members c )ntribute small amounts of dolomite, calcareous shale, and s Laly and argillaceous limestone. Major road access to the basin is via State Routes 11 and 93 (Figure 1) . Topographic coverage is provided by the Berwick, Bloomsburg, and Mifflinville United States Geologic Survey's 7.5 minute quadrangles.

Historic Perspective

Early surveys in the Briar Creek Basin were cursory examinations to determine suitability for trout stocking (Shoemaker 1931a; 1931b; 1931c) . At this time, Briar Creek and its East and West Branches were thought to be too open and warm for trout and too small for warmwater fish. The reports also noted that these streams were usually muddy. Nevertheless, Litwhiler (1945) recommended that the Berwick Hunting and Fishing Club stock adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the East Branch of Briar Creek.

The PFBC next focused its attention on the Briar Creek Basin in the late 1970's and early 1980's. Much of this work was associated with a proposal to build a flood control dam in the eastern portion of the watershed (Anonymous 1978) . Streams examined at this time included Briar Creek (Daniels et al. 1980a), the East Branch of Briar Creek (Daniels et al. 1980b), the West Branch of Briar Creek (Moase 1980), Kashinka Hollow (Daniels 1981), and Glen Brook (Daniels et al. 1975; Daniels and Moase 1981; Daniels et al. 1982) . Trout reproduction was noted in all streams except Kashinka Hollow. The PFBC initiated adult trout stocking programs in Briar Creek and the West Branch of Briar Creek following these surveys. The proposed flood control dam was not constructed.

Moase (unpublished) conducted the most recent PFBC survey in the Briar Creek Basin. This work was done in 2005 at the request of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (IJEP) Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 3

DEP wanted to verify trout reproduction in the upper reaches of the West Branch of Briar Creek. Moase captured 32 wild brown trout Salmo trutta ranging from 125 to 374 mm in 300 meters (m) of electrofishing at a single station.

Current Management Strategies

DEP classifies the entire Briar Creek Basin as a coidwater fishery (CWF) in its Chapter 93 Water Quality Standards. There are no exceptions to specific criteria. The PFBC manages Briar Creek, the West Branch of Briar Creek, and the East Branch of Briar Creek as two sections, and Glen Brook as three sections. The other basin streams are managed as a single section extending from the headwaters downstream to the mouth. Statewide angling regulations apply to the entire watershed. PFBC adult trout stocking programs exist on Briar Creek, Section 02, and the West Branch of Briar Creek, Section 02. Both of these sections are stocked preseason only. Additionally, the Fishing Creek Sportsman's Club, a PFBC Cooperative Nursery, stocks adult trout in the drainage.

Methods

We examined the Briar Creek Basin between June 5 and 14, 2006. All procedures of the survey followed Marcinko et al. (1986) . We surveyed all of the named streams in the basin and collected physical and some social data for all stream sections. We did not evaluate parking.

This survey assessed physical habitat, chemical parameters, and fish communities at 18 sampling stations (Table 2) . Physical habitat evaluations followed the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Rapid Bioassessment Protocols (Barbour et al. 1999) . All chemical parameters were measured in the field using a colorimetric method for pH, a mixed indicator for total alkalinity, and EDTA titration for total hardness. We used backpack electrofishing gear to assess fish populations. Backpack setups included a Coffelt unit (Model BP 1C, alternating current) and a Smith-Root unit (Model 12-A POW, pulsed direct current) with a single anode and a rat-tail cathode. The choice of backpack electrofishing gear depended on station width. The Coffelt unit was employed at the wider stations because the Smith-Root unit was generally ineffective when stream width exceeded 4 m. In this work, we used the Coffelt unit at three sites and the Smith-Root unit at nine sites. Low stream flows prevented electrofishing at six sites. We identified the fish captured at each site to species with the exception of sculpins Cottus sp. Sculpins were only identified to genus because it was difficult to accurately separate mottled sculpins Cottus bairdi from slimy sculpins Cottus cognatus in the field. Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 4 We classified all of the trout we captured as being of wild or hatchery origin based on species, coloration, size, and fin wear. We measured the wild trout to 25 mm length groups and gave them an upper caudal fin clip while we noted the hatchery trout but excluded them from further analyses. When we captured at least 30 wild trout at an individual site we made a second electrofishing pass to obtain a Chapman modified Petersen population estimate (Ricker 1975) . At all other sites, the number of wild trout captured was considered the total population present. We obtained wild trout population abundance and biomass estimates for stream sections by expanding the estimated number and weight of trout at a site to number and kilograms per hectare using state average weights calculated on November 9, 2006.

Results and Discussion

Briar Creek and its tributaries possessed generally moderate gradients. The highest gradient for any section in the basin was 50.1 m/km at Briar Creek, Section 01 (Table 3) . Human population density varied from suburban to urban (Table 4) . Urban stream sections were those located near Berwick.

The mean total physical habitat score for high gradient sites in the basin was 105.1 (Table 5), which fell into the low suboptimal range. The single low gradient site scored 89.0. For high gradient sites, channel flow status was the category with the highest mean score at 16.2. Flow scores were unusually high because there was significant rainfall during our work, and these values inflated total physical habitat ratings. Stream flows and associated muddy water often forced us to postpone electrofishing operations until the streams cleared. Our physical habitat ratings reflected the sedimentation and erosion problems noted in the basin during historic work. Mean sediment deposition and bank stability scores for high gradient streams were 6.4 and 8.8, respectively. Both of these scores fell in the marginal range.

Chemically, the Briar Creek Basin streams were quite variable. Total alkalinity ranged from 8 to 82 mg/l, total hardness ranged from 11 to 98 mg/l, pH ranged from 6.2 to 7.8, and specific conductance ranged from 41 to 232 umhos (Table 6) . Chemical parameters increased in a downstream direction, primarily as a function of geology. Streams encountered Devonian and Silurian formations with limestone influences as they flowed into their valleys. Additionally, anthropogenic influences increased in a downstream direction.

We documented 28 fish species in the Briar Creek Basin in 2006 (Table 7) . This was fewer than the 34 species found during historic work, despite the fact that some of the streams sampled in 2006 had never previously been examined. Many of the fish absent in 2006 were species that preferred gravel and rock substrates and were somewhat intolerant of turbidity. Examples included rock bass Ambloplites rupestris, redbreast sunfish Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 5

Lepomis auritus, satinfin shiner Cyprinella anolostana, common shiner Luxilus cornutus, and rosyface shiner Notropis rubellus (Scott and Crossman 1973; Cooper 1983) . These species were never widespread in the basin. Historically, they were found in the lower reaches of Briar Creek and its East and West Branches. Their collective absence in 2006 may have reflected the continuing sedimentation problems we noted during physical habitat evaluations.

Common carp Cyprinus carpio, golden shiner Not emi gonus crysoleucas, greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides, banded darter E. zonale, and walleye Sander vitreus were found in the Briar Creek Basin for the first time in 2006. Common carp and golden shiner were only present in the East Branch of Briar Creek and were most likely escapees from Briar Creek Lake. The presence of greenside and banded darters represented a range expansion into the Briar Creek Basin. Both of these darters have been expanding their ranges throughout the North Branch Susquehanna River drainage (Argent et al. 1997) . The single walleye we captured during our work was at RN 0.17 of the East Branch of Briar Creek. It measured between 225 and 249 mm, and was most likely from the 2005 year class. The PFBC hasn't stocked walleye in Briar Creek Lake since 1992, 50 the individual we captured had most likely immigrated into the East Branch of Briar Creek from the North Branch Susquehanna River.

Coldwater and transitional species dominated fish communities at most of the sites (Table 8) . Brown trout and sculpins were the most common fish encountered. We captured each of these species at 10 of the 12 electrofishing sites. Blacknose dace Rhinichthys atratulus and white suckers Catostomus commersoni were captured at nine sites each. Gamefish found in the drainage included wild brown trout, wild brook trout, hatchery brown trout, hatchery brook trout, hatchery rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, smailmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, largemouth bass M. salmoides, and walleye. Trout were common throughout the basin. Glen Brook, Section 02, supported a Class A wild trout population while Briar Creek, Section 01, and Fester Hollow, Section 01, supported Class B wild trout populations (Table 9) . Otherwise, wild trout densities were low. Smailmouth bass were only present in Glen Brook, Section 03. Largemouth bass were present in Briar Creek and the East Branch. These fish had likely escaped from Briar Creek Lake.

Water quality, fish species occurrence, and wild trout abundance varied among the Briar Creek Basin streams. We will next discuss specific findings for each stream and section individually, as the PFBC manages on a stream/section basis. This approach will facilitate presenting the resource classifications (Table 10) needed to generate management plans (Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission 1997) Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 6 Briar Creek

The PFBC manages Briar Creek as two sections. Section 01 extends 6.5 km from the headwaters downstream to the confluence with the West Branch of Briar Creek. Section 02 extends 4.4 km from the confluence with the West Branch of Briar Creek downstream to the mouth. The PFBC stocks adult trout in Section 02 on a preseason only basis.

Section 01

Section 01 was generally well shaded throughout its corridor. The upstream portion of the section (23% of the total section length) flowed through SGL # 55. This area, however, contained little water and so offered few angling opportunities.

We sampled two stations in Section 01 (Table 2) . The section was generally infertile with total alkalinities ranging from 10 to 16 mg/l (Table 6) . Wild brook trout dominated the gamefish community at the upstream site and wild brown trout dominated at the downstream site. The combined biomass of wild trout in Section 01 was 38.65 kg/ha, sufficient to meet the criteria for Class B mixed wild brook/brown trout status. We estimated there were 624 legal size and larger wild trout in the section (Table 9) . Wild brook trout ranged from 50 to 274 mm total length, and wild brown trout ranged from 25 to 299 mm total length (Figure 2)

Daniels et al. (1980a) also sampled two stations in Section 01. The 1980 sites were located near the areas sampled in 2006, and the results were similar in that brook trout dominated at the upstream site while brown trout dominated downstream. The 1980 combined wild trout biomass in Section 01, however, was only 10.07 kg/ha.

Section 02 Section 02 of Briar Creek was warmer, wider, and more fertile than Section 01. Total alkalinity at our single sampling station was 47 mg/1 (Table 6). This was due to a combination of influences including changing geologic formations, decreased stream shading, increased anthropogenic influences, and input from the West Branch of Briar Creek. Thus, Section 02 supported much fewer wild trout than Section 01. We captured 14 wild brown trout in 310 m of electrofishing. We also captured 14 hatchery brown trout, nine hatchery rainbow trout, and two hatchery brook trout at this site. These fish may have originated from PFBC or Fishing Creek Sportsman's Club Stockings.

Daniels et al. (1980a) captured a single brown trout and four smallmouth bass while sampling Section 02 at the confluence with the North Branch Susquehanna River. The PFBC implemented adult trout stocking in the section following the 1980 survey. This management remains appropriate. Section 02 does not support a Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 7 substantial wild trout population, is open to public fishing, and is located in an urban area.

West Branch Briar Creek

The PFBC manages the West Branch of Briar Creek as two sections. Section 01 is 5.3 km long and Section 02 is 2.8 km long. The division between the sections is located at the confluence with Fester Hollow 300 yards upstream from Ridge Road. Moase (1980) established this limit because it conformed to the area then stocked by the Berwick Hunting and Fishing Club. Additionally, the area downstream from Fester Hollow possessed much better parking and road access than the upstream area. Section 02 receives PFBC adult trout stocking on a preseason only basis.

Section 01

We sampled two stations in Section 01 (Table 2) . There was little flow at RN 4.61 so we only collected water chemistry data. Total alkalinity was 32 mg/i here (Table 6). At RN 2.61, total alkalinity increased to 82 mg/i and we captured a single wild brown trout in 155 m of eiectrofishing. The stream at RN 2.61 was ponded and its bottom was heavily silted. These characteristics described much of the section. Section 01 flowed through a low gradient (3.5 m/km) agricultural area.

Noase (1980) found similar conditions in Section 01. In a 2005 survey, however, Noase (unpublished) captured 32 wild brown trout while electrofishing a single 300 m long site. The difference in wild brown trout catch between the 2005 and 2006 surveys was primarily due to site selection. The 2005 site was located in a higher gradient area with much less siltation than the 2006 site. We elected to sample a low gradient, silted area in 2006 because these conditions were representative of the section as a whole. Further, the site Moase sampled in 2005 was completely overgrown with multiflora rose Rosa multiflora and greenbriar Smilax sp. in 2006.

Section 02

We sampled a single station in Section 02 (Table 2) . Total alkalinity at RN 0.24 was 50 mg/l (Table 6) . This was a large decrease from the 82 mg/l recorded at RN 2.61 in Section 01. Two factors contributed to this decrease. First, we sampled RN 0.24 during high flows while we sampled RN 2.61 during normal flows. Second, RN 0.24 was located downstream from the confluence with Fester Hollow. Fester Hollow contributed infertile water to the West Branch.

The gamefish community at RN 0.24 consisted of a single wild brown trout, three hatchery brown trout, and one hatchery brook trout. The gamefish community was similarly depressed during the Noase (1980) work. PFBC trout stocking in Section 02 was Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 8 appropriate because of the lack of a substantial wild trout population. Additionally, Section 02 was contiguous with the stocked area of Briar Creek and public access was good.

Cabin Run

Cabin Run originates on Summer Hill and enters the West Branch of Briar Creek at a trailer park. The 2006 work was the first time the PFBC has ever surveyed this small stream. Cabin Run did not possess much flow, so we only collected water chemistry data at a single sampling site. The stream was moderately fertile. Total alkalinity was 35 mg/i and pH was 7.4 (Table 6).

Fester Hollow

Fester Hollow is a 4.8 km long tributary to the West Branch of Briar Creek near Fowlersville. The 2006 work was the first time the PFBC has ever surveyed this stream. We sampled two sites (Table 2) . At RN 2.33, there was little flow and we only collected water chemistry data. Total alkalinity at this site was 8 mg/l, the lowest we documented in the basin (Table 6) . At RN 0.32, we captured seven fish species in 300 m of electrofishing (Table 8) . The fish collection included 26 wild brown trout ranging from 50 to 324 mm total length (Figure 3). This number was insufficient to conduct a population estimate. Nevertheless, assuming the number of trout captured was the total population present, wild brown trout biomass achieved Class B status at 20.36 kg/ha. We estimated there were 192 legal size and larger trout in Fester Hollow (Table 9)

East Branch Briar Creek

The PFBC manages the East Branch of Briar Creek as two sections. Section 01 is 7.3 km long and Section 02 is 6.1 km long. The division between the sections is at Briar Creek Lake, which impounds the East Branch of Briar Creek near Evansville.

Section 01

We sampled two sites in Section 01 (Table 2) . We only collected water chemistry data at RN 7.66 (Table 6) . At RN 4. 22, we captured five wild brown trout and 15 hatchery trout (rainbow, brown, and brook combined) in 250 m of electrofishing. Our site at RM 4.22 began at the backwaters of Briar Creek Lake. The hatchery trout we collected had originated from PFBC stockings in the lake and were most likely moving upstream to escape warming temperatures. Local anglers were aware of this phenomenon, as attested by fishing line, lures, and bobbers that draped streamside trees and shrubs. Our results were similar to those of Daniels et al. (1980b), who also found limited brown trout reproduction in Section 01. Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 9

Section 02

We sampled two sites in Section 02 (Table 2) . No gamefish were present at RN 2.40 (Table 8). At RN 0.17, we captured four wild brown trout, four hatchery brook trout, three hatchery rainbow trout, and one walleye in 170 m of electrofishing. This site possessed the greatest diversity in the basin with 17 fish species present (Table 8) . Nevertheless, diversity at this site declined from the 23 species Daniels et al. (1980b) found. Species missing in 2006 included central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum, common shiner, cutups minnow Exoglossum maxillingua, redbreast sunfish, rock bass, rosyface shiner, satinfin shiner, and smallmouth bass. All of these species preferred gravel and rock substrates and were somewhat intolerant of turbidity (Scott and Crossman 1973; Cooper 1983) . During our 2006 physical habitat evaluations at RN 0.17, we rated sedimentation at 5 (poor) and embededdness at 7 (suboptimal).

Kashinka Hollow

Kashinka Hollow originates on Summer Hill and flows generally south to its confluence with the East Branch of Briar Creek just downstream from Briar Creek Lake. The PFBC manages Kashinka Hollow as a single section extending 4.8 km from the headwaters downstream to the mouth.

We sampled two sites in Section 01 (Table 2) . There was little water at RN 2.49 so we only collected water chemistry data here (Table 6) . At RN 1.49, we captured four fish species in 120 m of electrofishing. The fish collection included blacknose dace, sculpins, two wild fingerling brown trout, and one wild adult brook trout (Table 8) . Daniels (1981) captured five species in Kashinka Hollow but no gamefish were present.

Glen Brook

The PFBC manages Glen Brook as three sections. Section 01 extends 1.8 km from the headwaters downstream to the upper limit of Berwick Reservoir, a small water supply dam. Section 02 extends 1.8 km from the breast of Berwick Reservoir downstream to the junction of Water Dam and Foundryville Roads. Section 03 extends 3.1 km from this road junction downstream to the mouth. The PFBC established the division between Sections 02 and 03 because of the changes Glen Brook undergoes as it passes from the suburbs into the urban area surrounding Berwick.

Section 01

Daniels et al. (1975) found what they termed an abundant wild brook trout population in Section 01. By 1981, Daniels and Moase (1981) thought that increased sedimentation associated with development in the watershed had suppressed this population. We sampled a single site in Section 01 but did not electrofish Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 10 because of low stream flow (Table 2) . Our site was located very near the headwaters, while the historic sites were located downstream. We did not sample farther downstream because all of the roads leading into this area were gated. This area was in public ownership but was closed to public access because of the water supply reservoir.

Section 02

We sampled a single site in Section 02 (Table 2) . Wild brook trout biomass at RN 2.20 was 33.32 kg/ha and wild brown trout biomass was 23.28 kg/ha. The total wild trout biomass was 56.60 kg/ha, sufficient to qualify the section for Class A mixed wild brook/brown trout status (Table 9) . Wild brook trout ranged from 50 to 274 mm total length, and wild brown trout ranged from 50 to 324 mm total length (Figure 4) . We estimated there were 226 legal size and larger trout in Section 02. Prior to this survey, the PFBC had never sampled this portion of Glen Brook.

Section 03

We sampled a single site in Section 03 (Table 2) . Nine fish species were present at RN 0.01 but the only gamefish was a single smallmouth bass that measured between 125 and 149 mm (Table 8) . Daniels et al. (1982) also captured nine species in Section 03 but gamefish were absent. The 1982 work noted that Section 03 carried a heavy silt load due to recent gas pipeline construction. Siltation remained a problem in 2006. We rated sediment deposition at 6 (low suboptimal) during our habitat evaluation.

Summary and Conclusions

Wild trout were present in most of the sections we electrofished in the Briar Creek Basin. Briar Creek, Section 01, (Class B); Glen Brook, Section 02, (Class A); and Fester Hollow, Section 01, (Class B) supported substantial wild trout populations and offered some opportunity for anglers to target legal size fish. Elsewhere in the basin, wild trout abundance was low. Our survey indicated that sedimentation was one of the factors limiting gamefish abundance and fish species diversity in the watershed. This was consistent with past reports of sedimentation problems in the Briar Creek Basin.

DEP currently classifies the entire Briar Creek Basin as a coldwater fishery in its Chapter 93 water quality standards. This classification is inappropriate for Glen Brook, Sections 01 and 02. Glen Brook, Section 02, supported a Class A mixed wild brook/brown trout population. Water quality in Section 02 is dependent on Section 01. Further, Section 01 flows into a public water supply reservoir. DEP should upgrade Glen Brook Sections 01 and 02 to High-Quality Coldwater Fishery (HQ-CWF) Briar Creek Basin (405D) Page 11

The PFBC stocks adult hatchery trout in Briar Creek, Section 02, and the West Branch of Briar Creek, Section 02, on a preseason only basis. Adult trout stocking is appropriate for these sections because they are accessible to the public and are located near an urban area. We do not recommend expanding the program to include PFBC inseason stockings for two reasons. First, the PFBC is currently raising fewer trout in its hatcheries to compensate for an increase in the size of stocked fish. Second, the Fishing Creek Sportsman's Association stocks its fish in the Briar Creek basin during the inseason period. MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Glen Brook (405D), Section 02, should be managed as a Class A wild brook trout water. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission should add Glen Brook, Section 02, to the list of Class A wild trout waters.

3. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection should upgrade the Chapter 93 water quality classification of Glen Brook, Sections 01 and 02, from coidwater fishery to high-quality coidwater fishery.

4. The Columbia County Conservation district should investigate sources of sedimentation in the Briar Creek Basin and take corrective actions.

5. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission should continue to manage Briar Creek, Section 02, and the West Branch of Briar Creek, Section 02, with plantings of adult hatchery trout on a preseason only basis.

6. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission should continue to manage all of the streams in the Briar Creek Basin with statewide angling regulations. LITERATURE CITED

Anonymous 1978. Environmental assessment Glen Brook portion of Briar Creek Columbia and Luzerne Counties, Pennsylvania. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Argent, D., R. Carline, and J. Stauffer. 1997. Historical and contemporary distribution of fishes in Pennsylvania. United States Geologic Survey, Biological Resources Division, Research Work Order No. 47. Final Report.

Barbour, M., J. Gerritsen, B. Snyder, and J. Stribling. 1999. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in wadeable streams and rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish, second edition. EPA 841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.

Cooper, E. 1983. Fishes of Pennsylvania and the northeastern United States. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park.

Daniels, D., L. Jackson, and J. Weaver. 1975. Glen Brook stream survey report. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Daniels, D., R. Moase, G. Davis, Gorrell, and Keech. 1980a. Briar Creek (405D) management report, Sections 01 & 02. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Daniels, D., R. Moase, G. Davis, Gorrell, and Keech. 1980b. East Branch Briar Creek (405D) management report Sections 01, 02. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Daniels, D. 1981. Kashinka Hollow (405D) management report Section 01. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Daniels, D., and R. Moase. 1981. Glen Brook (405D) management report Section 01. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Daniels, D., R. Moase, and G. Nelson. 1982. Glen Brook (405D) management report Section 02. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Litwhiler, C. 1945. East Branch Briar Creek stream survey report. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Marcinko, M., R. Lorson, and R. Hoopes. 1986. Procedures for stream and river inventory information input. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte. Moase, R. 1980. West Branch Briar Creek (405D) management report Section (01, 02) . Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. 1997. Management of trout fisheries in Pennsylvania waters, 3rd edition. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 191.

Scott, W., and E. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 184. Ottawa.

Shoemaker, N.E. 1931a. Briar Creek stream survey report. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Shoemaker, N.E. 1931b. East Branch Briar Creek stream survey report. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte.

Shoemaker, N.E. 1931c. West Branch Briar Creek stream survey report. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte. Table 1. Named streams of the Briar Creek Basin (405D) listed in hierarchical order.

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a) 'H (N 'H 'H (N c-I s-I c-I (N 'H (N 'H (N c-I (N c-I c-I -I -H C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) a) t E 'H 'H (N 'H i-I (N c-I 'H 'H c-I 'H (N (N c-I c-I c-I (N CU > a) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) Hr- U)4-Z E -CO

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U) a) 0 rH 0 X a) 0 0 • S-i CO CO CO 0 4J 0 S-i S--i 0 E S-i 2: a) CO S-i a) --I CO 41 -H 4) 4) S-4 H CO Q CO CO CO a) CO 4J S-i a) CO a) CO CO H U) 0 Ei) 2: Table 3. Physical data for stream sections in the Briar Creek Basin (405D)

Length Width Gradient USGS Stream (Section) (km) (m) (m/km) Quadrangle(s)

Briar Creek (01) 6.5 3.3 50.1 J35 Briar Creek (02) 4.4 10.8 4.9 J35

West Branch Briar Creek (01) 5.3 4.5 3.5 J34, J35 West Branch Briar Creek (02) 2.8 6.5 4.4 J35

Cabin Run (01) 2.0 NA 37.5 J35

Fester Hollow (01) 4.8 4.0 24.4 J35

East Branch Briar Creek (01) 7.3 3.2 16.6 J35 East Branch Briar Creek (02) 6.1 5.2 4.1 J35

Kashinka Hollow (01) 4.8 2.2 27.1 J35

Glen Brook (01) 1.8 2.5 24.1 J36 Glen Brook (02) 1.8 2.5 20.3 J36 Glen Brook (03) 3.1 3.2 10.0 J35 1 J36

USGS Quadrangles: J34 = Bloomsburg; J35 = Mifflinville; J36 = Berwick

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0 Wa) a)a) Wa) Wa) ('3 00 00 ('3 C) r1 (L3(13 C) rH(N HH HH ('3 0 00 4 4 - -i -i 0 r (N () -H -H r-1 -I C)C)C) 0 C) 0 r-1 0 C') a) Wa) 00 -H 00 X C/) (1) (1) 0 000 -4-1 (13(13 X i3ti ('3 000 00 - i-i a a) (13 a) -H rH a) ('3(13 4)4-) -H 4) 4J4-) C -Q -1 -H -H (('CC) .Q U) U) U) Cl) a)a)a) ('3 4J --1 (1) (1) (Ci 13) (3(1j (0 rHrHr4 Cl) 1I 0 Table 5. Mean physical habitat scores with standard deviations for streams in the Briar Creek Basin (405D) determined in June 2006.

High Gradient Sites Standard Low Gradient Sites N = 11 Mean Deviation N = 1 Mean

Substrate/Cover 12.3 2.0 Substrate/Cover 7.0

Embeddedness 8.1 1.6 Pool substrate 6.0

Velocity/Depth 13.6 2.7 Pool variability 11.0

Sediment Deposition 6.4 1.6 Sediment Deposition 2.0

Channel Flow Status 16.2 2.8 Channel Flow Status 16.0

Channel Alteration 10.9 2.2 Channel Alteration 13.0

Riffle Frequency 13.6 1.6 Channel Sinuosity 3.0

Bank Stability: Bank Stability: Left Bank 4.6 1.2 Left Bank 6.0 Right Bank 4.2 1.4 Right Bank 6.0 Bank Total 8.8 Bank Total 12.0

Vegetative Protection: Vegetative Protection: Left Bank 4.9 1.3 Left Bank 6.0 Right Bank 4.3 1.4 Right Bank 7.0 Bank Total 9.2 Bank Total 13.0

Riparian Zone Width: Riparian Zone Width: Left Bank 3.4 1.5 Left Bank 3.0 Right Bank 2.6 1.0 Right Bank 3.0 Bank Total 6.0 Bank Total 6.0

Total Scores: 105.1 89.0

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-2 0-4 a) a) a) a) rI (a U U 0- -HO -1 U) LU (a (a >1C) ..c.czr -1 0 iI c-I 0 rH 0 0 X (1) 0 0 (a X (a (a 0 o -i -I c-I E -I I') (a S-i a) -H a) (a 4) -c-I 41 4J S-i -H U) ,Q U) U) 4) S- a) (a a) (a C/) U 44 41 Table 7. Scientific and common names of fish species captured in the Briar Creek Basin (405D) during current and historic work.

Scientific name Common name Current Historic

Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout ( 3) X Salmo trutta Brown trout (10) X Salvelinus fontinalis Brook trout ( 8) X Campostoma anomalum Central stoneroller ( 3) X Cyprinus carpio Common carp ( 1) Exoglossum maxillingua Cutups minnow ( 5) X Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner ( 1) Cyprinella anolostana Satinfin shiner X Cyprinella spiloptera Spotfin shiner ( 1) X Luxilus cornutus Common shiner X Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner X Notropis procne Swallowtail shiner X Notropis rubellus Rosyface shiner X Pimephales notatus Bluntnose minnow X Rhinichthys atratulus Blacknose dace ( 9) X

Rhinichthys cataractae Longnose dace ( 6) X Semotilus atromaculatus Creek chub ( 7) X Seruotilus corporalis Failfish ( 4) X Nocomis micropogon River chub ( 1) X Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback X Catostomus commersoni White sucker ( 9) X Hypentelium nigricans Northern hog sucker ( 1) X Moxostoma rnacrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse X Ameiurus natalis Yellow bullhead X Aineiurus nebulosus Brown bullhead ( 2) X Noturus insignis Margined madtom ( 2) X Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass X Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish X Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish ( 2) X Lepomis gibbosus Pumpkinseed ( 4) X Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill ( 2) X Micropterus dolomieu Smalimouth bass ( 1) X Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass ( 4) X Etheostorna olmstedi Tessellated darter ( 4) X Etheostoma blennioides Greenside darter ( 3) Etheostoma zonale Banded darter ( 1) Perca flavescens Yellow perch ( 2) X Sander vitreus Walleye ( 1) Cottus sp Sculpins (10) X

Total Species: 28 34

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