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Matlock Bath. Walter M MATLOCK, MAT·LOCK BATH,AND BORDERS. Reduced from the Ordnance Survey. ~~ • ,---.. ! TIN Rn,11 \ • • • ............ ............. ...... ,,, •, . .. ...a:-.. , Btac/cbrook " . ..... ... Koor ~r:P ............ ~ / ..t:.4.:lt *-'=4 . e...:. .,.... , .._.JA. • "' ... ...... * ........... -.. it ........ ' ~... a./• .. ...........u ~----.. / . .. ... ... ..._ ... ~· . • .,,,p_--... o'·~:. ...... u, .., ........ ..-: <-. ,~ 4. ..... .. ........ ,. ia••=-•·=;-., ..~"=::: >.• •/.-.;; ·- ................ ,, :t. .t. 4 ''',). ~lliddle .lloor . ·. .,, . ~ e'a . .. ......... a. 0 fl) e 0 • r 0 r :II ............ *., ,---. ....~.,.'!' :. .......... ~ ........... dnope Q.arriu ............. • 905 Far leg • ..--·-- · __... ...____";MATLOC :I ............ ....... ,,. .. ..... ., .•. \ \ \ - ..... ,1,,.,, -~\ . i i I .·u, •." ·; ... ".·-.,-· .• if :~:'.~.. _B-::o w ·0·••;=;1•:. • -- 4 ~ .......,._ ~~ ~ ~,o.:<Q. :.: ~- .. '°~. .:""'{lie.,_ -~ "'o \\_'.icke,- • o :Tor 0 ~ • G, '-~- 4A. ., A. :-·•••• ,: • ,. ~-~u ,o;~.,; -.....::.-,,.,... ..!~.a.O•~. , 4 ~ A~-...~~:,: 0 '°".•, -A. 9,,-•..,s."' ❖... ~o .Q. ,.,_== 4"" • •" ····... _o • • - ,':r.o. :.=· 4.. :: 4 4(;~t~:·;if -~"'' 9 • -• ·: :.:- Q. =~ \!~.~-<>: t 9.'~ ·: Q, ~j;;• .; ~-'il!9t;~• .....-~ q .. 4.,: ...,. Reproduced from -the Ordnance Survey Map with the .sanction of'-tJ,e C,ontro!Jer of H.Ms. St:Jtionery Office. StanfortI:s Geog !-Eatall:..loruiPv 0t:==========='=====:::l:====;l::::::==========l:::====:::i===~ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 ci'AJNS MATLOCK MANOR AND p ARI SH Historical ~ 'Descriptive WITH PEDIGREES AND ARMS, AND MAP OF THE PARISH REDUCED FROM THE ORDNANCE SURVEY BY BENJAMIN BRYAN LONDON: BEMROSE & SONS, LIMITED, 4, SNOW HILL, E.C.;: AND DERBY. (All rights reserv1:d.) CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE 1.-THE MANOR I 11.-THE MOTHER CHURCH 26 111.-THE PARISH AND INSTITUTIONS 50 IV.-COMMONS, ROADS, CUSTOMS, ANTIQUITIES, ETC. - 90 V.-MATLOCK BATH 121 VI.-MATLOCK BATH 141 VII.-MATLOCK BATH I 70 VIII.-MATLOCK BATH 201 IX.-MATLOCK BANK 221 X.-RIBER AND THE WOLLEYS 243 XI.-RICHARD ARKWRIGHT AND HIS INVENTION 254 XII.-RICHARD ARKWRIGHT AND WILLERSLEY 269 XIII.-THE LEAD-MINING INDUSTRY • 281 XIV.-THE LEAD-MINING INDUSTRY ILLUSTRATIONS. MAP • Frontispz"ece. PAGE MATLOCK CHURCH . MATLOCK BATH IN 1749 . 121 MATLOCK BATH CHURCH ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, MATLOCK BANK • . 22 I PORTRAIT OF SIR RICHARD ARKWRIGHT • MODEL OF ARKWRIGHT'S SPINNING FRAME . 269 CROMFORD CHURCH • 280 THE MINERS' DISH OR STANDARD MEASURE • HISTORY OF MATLOCK. CHAPTER I. THE MANOR. NAME OF MATLOCK-FANCIFUL DERIVATIONS-MESTESFORDE­ MESLACH-MATLOK-MATTELOK-THE MANOR - IDENTIFIED WITH MESLACH-LITIGATION IN CHANCERY-AWARD-SIR JOHN STATHAM-THE COPYHOLDERS OWNERS OF THE MANOR­ TRUSTEES FOR THEM-STEWARD-MANOR HOUSE-CUSTOMARY OF THE MANOR-LANDOWNERS-THE NIGHTINGALE FAMILY AND ESTATES-PEDIGREE-MISS FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. N formulating the history of a parish or any larger I area, it is not only desirable, but necessary, to endeavour to trace the derivation and evolution of the name by which it is known. In this process many authors have indulged in fanciful speculations, and in regard to Matlock itself there has been by no means an absence of ingenious guessing. In an early translation of the record o.f the parish in the Domesday Book, the name was spelt Mellc1ch, as to which a commentator has said : " Mellach was the easy but corrupt pronunciation of Methlock; so from Mathfield we have now Mayfield. The sense of Methlock is the mead on the loch or lock, which last signifies a lake as the word is used in the HISTORY OF MATLOCK. north parts (Camden, Remains, p. I r8), and it is certain that the river Derwent is at this place deep and still near the church."* As later translators of the record of William I. have decided that the spelling of the name therein is Meslach, all this falls to the ground, and it is not proposed to set up any competing theory. What is certain is that the name of the area com prising the present parish was at the date of the Domesday Survey Mestesforde ; that one of its berewicks was designated Meslach ; and that since that time the name Mestesforde has entirely disappeared, and Matlock has taken its place. In dealing with the title of the Manor, it is proposed to suggest when and why the name of the parish was changed, but it may be here remarked that the change to the spelling now current was neither made at once nor was it invariable, as in 1291 it was written Matlok, while Leland has it Mattelok. t Several writers on the history of the county have stated that the site of the Manor of Mestesforde is not certainly known. No apology is, therefore, needed for going into the matter somewhat fully in order to show that the manor stands where it did, though the name has been changed. The official translation of the record in Domesday as to this manor is in these terms:- " In Mestesforde, King Edward had two carucates of land without geld. It is waste. There are eight acres of meadow and a lead work. Wood, pasturable in places, * Add. MSS. ( Wolley's) 66-67, fol. 263, et seq. t I#nerary (Kearne's Ed.), 7-34. Leland, it must be stated, was a poor authority on orthography, as the following is his paragraph in which the above spelling occurs:-" To Darle in the Peke, to Wen­ nesle Village, to Mattelok Village, to Crumford Village, and through Crumford Bridge to Watstonde Wel Bridge." (Temp. 1534.) ~ THE MANOR. three miles long and two wide. Adjoining this manor lie these herewites: Meslach, Sinitretone, Wodnesleie, Bunteshale, Ibeholon, T eneslege. In these are seven carucates of land paying geld. Land for seven ploughs. There eleven villeins and twelve boors have six ploughs and twenty-two acres of meadow. Wood, pasturable, two miles long and one mile wide. Underwood as much." * As to the origin of the name Mestesforde, the following is from LI. Jewitt's translation and extension of the Domesday Book of Derbyshire, 1871 :- " Mestesforde, or Nestesforde, I believe to have been near what is now called Matlock Bridge, which was formerly a ford. 'Nestes,' 'Nestus,' or 'Nesterside,' are names of the mountain now known as the ' Heights of Abraham,' on which is situated the Nestor Mine (now called the Rutland Cavern), which is undoubtedly a Roman mine, and was probably the one alluded to in the Domesday Book as 'one lead work.' The little village at the foot of the hill has always been known by the name of N estes or N estus." There is a note to much the same purport in Adam's Gem of the Peak (1838), though that of Jewitt is fuller. In Lysonses' book, which bears date 1817, it is stated that Mestesforde "is supposed to have been at a place now called N estes or N estus, a little mining village at the foot of a high hill on the north side of the old bath," i.e., Masson. But even the Lysonses' book was not the first to promulgate the idea, for in Davies's History of Derbyshlre ( 181 I) the statement is made that although * There is the fo1lowing additional entry in Domesday as to this manor under "Peurewic" (Parwich) :-" These five manors, Derelei,- Mestesforde, W erchesworde, Esseburne, and Pureuwic, with their berewicks paid in the time of King Edward 32 li. and 6½ sextaries of honey. Now 40 1£. of pure silver." 3 HISTORY OF MATLOCK. Mestesforde " was the head of the manor in the time of the Conqueror, it is not now known," and that " there is a hill near Matlock Bath called N estes, which was formerly celebrated for having several rich lead mines upon it, from whence it is supposed there was a ford across the river Derwent, which was at the foot of the hill; which ford, or the houses of the miners, which were built near it, probably gave the name to the manor of Metesforde or N etesforde."* Step by step the supposition about the word N estes has been converted into an assumed fact. It is true that there is a mine on the south side of Masson Hill, the name of which is officially given as "Nester's" or " N estus " mine, t the modern title of which is the Rutland Cavern; but Matlock Bridge, where there might have been, and probably was, in ancient times, a ford, which furnished the second half of the name Mestesforde, is on the north side of Masson Hill, and a distance of more than a mile away. Further, if the view of the authors before quoted were adopted, there would still be the difficulty of the difference between the initial letters of Nester's and Mestesforde to be overcome. On the whole, the view to adopt seems to be that the name of Mestes­ f orde was originally applied to a restricted locality about the ford at Matlock Bridge on the west side of the river. At the time of the Domesday Survey, Mestesforde was a self-contained manor, with, as has been shown already, six berewicks, one of them called Meslach. The time occupied in the compilation of that great national record was from 1080 to 1086. According to Dr. Cox,t there * The name as written in Domesday is clearly Jvlestesforde. +Farey's Derbysh.ire, I., 26~-4. l Churches of .Derbyshire, II., 517. 4 THE MANOR. were a church and rectory at Matlock in 1291, but he had reason to believe that the church had then existed for some time. It will now be shown that the present boundaries of Matlock are co-terminous with those of Mestesforde and its berewick of Meslach, which latter, since the change of name, has disappeared. Taking the ordnance plan, beginning at the apex of the triangular boundary on the north-east, and proceeding southward, there are--(1) Ashover, (2) Tansley, (3) Dethick and Lea. Here comes the river Derwent, which for some distance forms the southern boundary; south­ west of this is (4) Cromford. Ascending on the west, towards the north of this, is-(5) Bonsall, which the boundary line leaves on the west, going north over Masson Hill, and passing (6) Wensley and Snitterton, now one parish.
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