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IMBER Science Plan and Implementation Strategy IGBP Report 52 Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research Science Plan and Implementation Strategy Citation This report should be cited as follows: IMBER (2005) Science Plan and Implementation Strategy. IGBP Report No. 52, IGBP Secretariat, Stockholm. 76pp. Cover image Kath McLeod (NIWA) assisted in the production of the central IMBER diagram, for which Neil Bagley, Birgitta Bergman and Ulf Riebesell provided photo- graphs. 1 2 Photo 1: Coccolithophore Calcidiscus leptoporus grown at present and elevated CO2 levels. Credits: Courtesy of Dr. U. Riebesell (IFM-GEOMAR). 3 Photo 2: Trichodesmium spp. appearing in Berman- Frank et al. 2001, Science 294:1534-1537. Credits: Courtesy of Dr. Pernilla Lundgren. Photo 3: NASA satellite image of the surface cholo- 4 5 rophyll pattern due to El-Niño climatic event (Dec. 1998). Credits: Courtesy of SeaWiFS and NASA. Photo 4: Yangtze River meets the Yellow Sea, as seen from space. Credits: Courtesy of NASA. Photo 5: Over fishing. Credits: Courtesy of NIWA. Publication Details Published by: Copies of this report can be downloaded from the IGBP Secretariat IMBER, IGBP and SCOR websites. Hard copies can be Box 50005 ordered from the IMBER International Project Office. SE-104 05, Stockholm SWEDEN IMBER International Project Office Ph: +46 8 166448, Fax: +46 8 166405 European Institute for Marine Studies Web: www.igbp.net Technopôle Brest-Iroise Place Nicolas Copernic Editors: Julie Hall, Wendy Broadgate, Penelope Cook, 29280 Plouzané, France Claire Hamilton, Ed Urban, Bill Young Web: www.imber.info Series Editor: Bill Young Technical Editor: John Bellamy ISSN 0284-8105 Copyright © 2005 Science Plan and Implementation Strategy Prepared by the IMBER Scientific Steering Committee: Julie Hall (Chair), New Zealand Dennis A. Hansell (Vice-Chair), United States Patrick Monfray (Vice-Chair), France Ann Bucklin, United States Jay T. Cullen, Canada Wilco Hazeleger, Netherlands David Hutchins, United States Arne Körtzinger, Germany Carina Lange, Chile Jack Middelburg, Netherlands Coleen Moloney, South Africa S. Wajih A. Naqvi, India Raymond Pollard, United Kingdom Hiroaki Saito, Japan Carol Turley, United Kingdom Jing Zhang, China (Beijing) Preface The IMBER Science Plan and Implementation Strategy and ecosystem research, but also the challenge of bring- reflects the importance placed on the integration of biogeo- ing together the natural and social science communities chemistry and ecosystems research for understanding the to address questions of common interest regarding the impacts of global change and the role of the ocean in the impacts of global change on the marine system. IMBER Earth System, by the marine science community, the Inter- will encompass research from the continental margins to national Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the the deep sea, and from Antarctica through the equatorial Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). The seas to the Arctic Circle. plan builds on the IGBP/SCOR Framework for Future I encourage scientists from all areas of marine science to Research on Biological and Chemical Aspects of Global come together to address the challenges laid out in this Change in the Ocean and the OCEANS Open Science Science Plan and Implementation Strategy, and I encour- Conference held in Paris in 2003. The ideas from these age this community to work hand-in-hand with the social have been woven into a framework of four themes, each sciences community to ensure that the questions posed are with a series of issues and priority questions that form the addressed in a fully integrated manner. basis of the IMBER Science Plan. Julie Hall The Science Plan is ambitious and sets out not only the sig- Chair, IMBER Scientific Steering Committee nificant scientific challenge of integrating biogeochemical June 2005 Acknowledgements The following people contributed to writing and reviewing this Science Plan and Implementation Strategy: Keith Alverson, PAGES IPO Andreas Irmish, Germany Shubha Sathyendranath, Canada Bob Anderson, United States George Jackson, United States Richard Sempere, France Vladimir Anikiev, Russia Richard A. Jahnke, United States Ino Shuji, Japan Bernard Avril, JGOFS IPO Ian Joint, United Kingdom Martin Solan, United Kingdom Manuel Barange, GLOBEC IPO Hartwig Kremer, LOICZ IPO Cosimo Solidoro, Italy Wendy Broadgate, IGBP Secretariat S. Prasanna Kumar, India Tapani Stipa, Finland Antonio Busalacchi, United States Anne Larigauderie, DIVERSITAS Jilan Su, China (Beijing) Howard Cattle, CLIVAR IPO Secretariat Svein Sundby, Norway Hervé Claustre, France Han Lindeboom, Netherlands Sergei Tambiev, Russia Nicolas Dittert, Germany Peter Liss, United Kingdom Qisheng Tang, China (Beijing) Richard Dugdale, United States Kon-Kee Liu, China (Taipei) Paul Treguer, France Syma Ebbin, IDGEC IPO Michel Loreau, France Kyozo Ueyoshi, United States Richard Feely, United States Liana McManus, United States Ed Urban, SCOR Secretariat John Field, South Africa William Miller, Canada Cisco Werner, United States Jean-Pierre Gattuso, France Ron Mitchell, United States Douglas Wallace, Germany Alison Gilbert, Netherlands João Morais, IGBP Secretariat Richard Wanninkhof, United States Wulf Greve, Germany Raghu Murtugudde, United States Paul Wassmann, Norway Wei Hao, China (Beijing) Shoichiro Nakamoto, Japan Nalin Wikramanayake, Sri Lanka Richard Hasler, United States John Parslow, Australia Oran Young, United States Carlo Heip, Netherlands Olivier Ragueneau, France Ein-Fen Yu, China (Taipei) Maria Hood, IOC Casey Ryan, SOLAS IPO SOLAS SSC members Keith Hunter, New Zealand Christopher Sabine, United States GLOBEC SSC members John Huthnance, United Kingdom Dork Sahagian, GAIM IPO LOICZ SSC members David Hydes, United Kingdom Michael St John, Germany Financial support for IMBER and its interim Project Offices was pro- vide by ICSU, IOC, IGBP, NIWA (New Zealand), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (United Kingdom), SCOR and the U.S. National Julie Hall Science Foundation (Grants Chair, IMBER Scientific Steering OCE-0003700, OCE-326301 and Committee OCE-0228863 to SCOR). June 2005 Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 Scientific Background .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Structure of the Science Plan and Implementation Strategy ................................................................................... 5 Collaboration ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 IMBER Outcomes .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Science Plan ................................................................................................................... 8 Theme 1: Interactions Between Biogeochemical Cycles and Marine Food Webs .................................................................................... 8 Issue 1.1: Transformation of Organic Matter in Marine Food Webs ............................................. 9 Issue 1.2: Transfers of Matter Across Ocean Interfaces ............................................................. 13 Issue 1.3: End-to-end Food Webs and Material Flows ................................................................ 17 Theme 2: Sensitivity to Global Change ................................................................... 22 Issue 2.1: Impacts of Climate-Induced Changes Through Physical Forcing and Variability ..... 23 Issue 2.2: Effects of Increasing Anthropogenic CO2 and Changing pH on Marine Biogeochemical Cycles, Ecosystems and Their Interactions ....................... 27 Issue 2.3: Effects of Changing Supplies of Macro- and Micronutrients ..................................... 30 Issue 2.4: Impacts of Harvesting on End-to-end Food Webs and Biogeochemical Cycles ............................................................................................... 33 Theme 3: Feedbacks to the Earth System ............................................................. 36 Issue 3.1: Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic CO2 .................................................................... 37 Issue 3.2: Ecosystem Feedback on Ocean Physics and Climate .............................................. 40 Theme 4: Responses of Society ............................................................................. 43 Integrated Modelling .................................................................................................... 45 Implementation Strategy .............................................................................................. 47 Research Approaches ...................................................................................................................... 47 Process Studies ..................................................................................................................................................... 48 Sustained Observations ......................................................................................................................................... 48 Synthesis and Modelling .......................................................................................................................................
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