DOCSLIB.ORG

ANTERIOR and MEDIAL COMPARTMENTS of the THIGH (Grant's Dissector [16Th Ed.] Pp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ANTERIOR and MEDIAL COMPARTMENTS of the THIGH (Grant's Dissector [16Th Ed.] Pp ANTERIOR AND MEDIAL COMPARTMENTS OF THE THIGH (Grant's Dissector [16th Ed.] pp. 183-196) TODAY’S GOALS: 1. Identify the great saphenous vein, cutaneous nerves, and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in the superficial fascia of the anterior thigh. 2. Identify the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle. 3. Identify the muscles and nerves in the anterior compartment of the thigh. 4. Identify the muscles and nerves in the medial compartment of the thigh. 5. Trace the course of the femoral artery in the thigh and identify its major branches and their distribution. DISSECTION NOTES: I. Anterior Compartment of the Thigh A. Superficial Fascia of the Anterior Thigh See Dissector p. 185, Fig. 6.3 for incisions for removing the skin. For this lab session, follow the incision line indicated by letters D,F, and E and the midline incision to just below the knee. Consider removing the skin of the entire lower limb if time allows. Pay attention to important superficial veins (great saphenous and small saphenous veins) and cutaneous nerves contained within the superficial fascia. Identify and follow the course of the great saphenous vein (Dissector p. 186, Fig. 6.4). Note that it arises from the medial side of the venous arch on the dorsum of the foot and ascends anterior to the medial malleolus to continue its ascent along the medial aspect of the leg. It takes a posteromedial course at the knee before entering the medial side of the thigh. It terminates by passing through the saphenous opening (fossa ovalis) in the fascia lata just below the inguinal ligament and emptying into the femoral vein. The small or lesser saphenous vein arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch and passes posterior to the lateral malleolus before ascending on the posterior surface of the leg toward the popliteal fossa. At various locations, perforating veins connect these superficial veins to deep veins. Valves within these superficial veins prevent reflux of blood and muscular contractions promote venous flow toward the heart. What happens if these venous valves become incompetent? (See Clinical Correlation Great Saphenous Vein in Dissector p. 187). Be aware of the numerous cutaneous nerves distributed on the anterior thigh. (Dissector p. 186, Fig. 6.4). The femoral nerve provides several cutaneous branches to most of the skin on the anterior thigh. Skin of the lateral aspect of the thigh is supplied by the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. A limited area of skin on the medial thigh is supplied by branches of the obturator nerve. Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes – a group of lymph nodes located in the proximal thigh and organized into two groups (Dissector p. 188, Fig. 6.5): • Horizontal group – arranged parallel to and inferior to the inguinal ligament • Vertical group – arranged parallel to the terminal end of the great saphenous vein These nodes drain lymph from the lower abdominal wall, the external genitalia, the gluteal region, and the lower limb. Lymph from these nodes drain into deep inguinal lymph nodes. B. Deep Fascia and the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh Deep to the superficial fascia is the deep fascia of the thigh called the fascia lata. It is thickened along the lateral side of thigh where it is known as the iliotibial tract or band. Internally, medial and lateral intermuscular septa connect the fascia lata to the femur and divide the thigh into compartments: anterior (extensor), medial (adductor), and posterior (flexor). Proceed to reflect and remove the fascia lata in the proximal thigh according to the incisions indicated in the Dissector p. 189, Fig. 6.7. This will bring into view the boundaries of the femoral triangle and its contents (Dissector p. 190, Fig. 6.8; Clinical Correlation Femoral Triangle p. 189). 1. Boundaries of the femoral triangle: • Superior border/Base of the triangle – inguinal ligament • Lateral border – sartorius muscle • Medial border – adductor longus muscle • Floor – pectineus and iliopsoas muscles 2. Contents of the femoral triangle: Contains the femoral nerve (N) and the femoral sheath (Dissector p. 190, Fig. 6.8). The femoral sheath is a conical extension of transversalis fascia that contains 3 compartments. From lateral to medial these compartments contain the femoral artery (A), femoral vein (V), and the femoral canal, which contains lymph vessels and deep inguinal lymph nodes (L). The acronym, NAVL, may help you remember the relationship of these structures within the triangle. The proximal portion of the femoral canal is open to the abdomen and is called the femoral ring. This is the site of femoral hernias (see Clinical Correlation Femoral Hernia p. 191). Open these compartments to reveal these structures. The apex of the femoral triangle is the point of intersection of the sartorius and adductor longus muscles. This marks the beginning of the subsartorial or adductor canal (Hunter's canal). Here, the femoral vessels and two branches of the femoral nerve (nerve to the vastus medialis and saphenous nerve) enter the canal. The canal ends distally at the adductor hiatus, which opens behind the knee (popliteal fossa). Only the femoral vessels emerge through the hiatus. The nerve to the vastus medialis is a motor nerve; the saphenous is a sensory nerve that descends below the knee to supply skin on the medial side of the leg, ankle, and foot. The sartorius muscle forms the roof of the adductor canal. Mobilize or transect this muscle in order to view these structures. 3. Muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh (know principal bony attachments of these muscles; Dissector p. 194, Table 6.1): a. Sartorius – the sartorius is a long slender muscle that crosses both the hip and the knee joints; it flexes the thigh, laterally rotates the thigh, and flexes the leg b. Iliopsoas – combined iliacus and psoas major muscles. It attaches inferiorly at the lesser trochanter of the femur and is a strong flexor of the thigh. c. Pectineus*- a cross-over muscle with the medial compartment; both adducts and flexes the thigh d. Quadriceps femoris – consists of 4 muscles: vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris. The tendon of these muscles is the patellar tendon, which contains a sesamoid bone, the patella. The patellar ligament connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity. Collectively, this muscle extends the leg. 4. Nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh. (Dissector p. 193, Fig. 6.11) The femoral nerve is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh. It contains fibers from L2,3,4 cord levels. As the nerve descends into the thigh posterior to the inguinal ligament is breaks up into several branches; anterior cutaneous branches to skin of the anterior thigh, and motor branches to the muscles of this compartment. The patellar tendon reflex (knee-jerk) test is used clinically to test the function of this nerve (see Clinical Correlation p. 193). 5. Vascular supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh. (Dissector p. 191, Fig. 6.9) The blood supply to the anterior compartment is the femoral artery. The femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery. Within the femoral triangle, it gives rise to the deep femoral artery, which supplies the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh. • Lateral circumflex femoral artery – this branch commonly arises from the deep femoral artery and gives off three branches (ascending, transverse, and descending) that supply musculature in the lateral part of the thigh • Medial circumflex femoral artery – this branch also commonly arises from the deep femoral artery. It takes a posterior course between the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles. It is the principal blood supply to the head and neck of the femur. Deep veins, having similar names, accompany the arteries and can be removed to clarify the dissection field. II. Medial Compartment of the Thigh The musculature of the medial thigh collectively adduct the thigh, hence the name, adductor group of muscles. Carefully remove the fascia lata to reveal these muscles. A. Muscles of the Medial Thigh. (know principal bony attachments of these muscles) (Dissector p. 196, Table 6.2) • Gracilis – a long, slender muscle that also crosses two joints, the hip and the knee; it adducts the thigh and helps with flexion of the leg. • Pectineus* - a cross-over muscle with the medial compartment; it both adducts and flexes the thigh • Adductor longus – forms the medial border of the femoral triangle; lies superficial to the adductor brevis and magnus muscles. Divide this muscle in order to observe them. • Adductor brevis – observe the anterior branches of the obturator nerve, artery, and vein coursing superficial to this muscle. The posterior branches of these structures descend on the deep surface of adductor brevis, between the brevis and the adductor magnus. • Adductor magnus – this is the largest of the adductor muscles. It attaches superiorly to the ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and attaches inferiorly to the gluteal tuberosity, the medial lip of the linea aspera, and the adductor tubercle on the medial epicondyle of the femur. The portion of the muscle that attaches to the adductor tubercle (ischiocondylar portion) is innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve, while the remainder of the muscle is innervated by the obturator nerve. • Obturator externus – a minor muscle deep to the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles. It attaches from the external margin of the obturator foramen to a depression on the medial surface of the greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa). It is a lateral rotator of the thigh. B. Blood Supply to the Medial Compartment (Dissector p. 191, Fig. 6.9) Within the femoral triangle, the femoral artery gives rise to the deep femoral artery or profunda femoris, which supplies the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thieme: an Illustrated Handbook of Flap-Raising Techniques
    4 Part 1 Flaps of the Upper Extremity Chapter 1 dyle are palpated and marked. A straight line is The Deltoid Fasciocutaneous Flap marked to connect these two landmarks. The groove between the posterior border of the del- toid muscle and the long head of triceps is pal- pated and marked. The intersection of these two lines denotes approximately the location of the vascular pedicle, as it emerges from under- The deltoid free flap is a neurovascular fascio- neath the deltoid muscle. This point may be cutaneous tissue, providing relatively thin sen- studied with a hand-held Doppler and marked sate tissue for use in soft-tissue reconstruction. if required. The deltoid fasciocutaneous flap was first de- Depending on the recipient area, the patient scribed anatomically and applied clinically by is positioned either supine, with the donor Franklin.1 Since then, the deltoid flap has been shoulder sufficiently padded with a stack of widely studied and applied.2–5 This flap is sup- towels, or in the lateral decubitus position. Myo- plied by a perforating branch of the posterior relaxants are required in muscular individuals, circumflex humeral artery and receives sensa- so as to ease retraction of the posterior border tion by means of the lateral brachial cutaneous of the deltoid muscle, especially if a long vascu- nerve and an inferior branch of the axillary lar pedicle is required for reconstruction. nerve. This anatomy is a constant feature, thus making the flap reliable. The ideal free deltoid Neurovascular Anatomy flap will be thin, hairless, of an adequate size, and capable of sensory reinnervation.
    [Show full text]
  • Strain Assessment of Deep Fascia of the Thigh During Leg Movement
    Strain Assessment of Deep Fascia of the Thigh During Leg Movement: An in situ Study Yulila Sednieva, Anthony Viste, Alexandre Naaim, Karine Bruyere-Garnier, Laure-Lise Gras To cite this version: Yulila Sednieva, Anthony Viste, Alexandre Naaim, Karine Bruyere-Garnier, Laure-Lise Gras. Strain Assessment of Deep Fascia of the Thigh During Leg Movement: An in situ Study. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Frontiers, 2020, 8, 15p. 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00750. hal-02912992 HAL Id: hal-02912992 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02912992 Submitted on 7 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. fbioe-08-00750 July 27, 2020 Time: 18:28 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 29 July 2020 doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00750 Strain Assessment of Deep Fascia of the Thigh During Leg Movement: An in situ Study Yuliia Sednieva1, Anthony Viste1,2, Alexandre Naaim1, Karine Bruyère-Garnier1 and Laure-Lise Gras1* 1 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon, France, 2 Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Chirurgie Orthopédique, 165, Chemin du Grand-Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, France Fascia is a fibrous connective tissue present all over the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Femoral Triangle Anatomy: Review, Surgical Application, and Nov- El Mnemonic
    Journal of Orthopedic Research and Therapy Ebraheim N, et al. J Orthop Ther: JORT-139. Review Article DOI: 10.29011/JORT-139.000039 Femoral Triangle Anatomy: Review, Surgical Application, and Nov- el Mnemonic Nabil Ebraheim*, James Whaley, Jacob Stirton, Ryan Hamilton, Kyle Andrews Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo Orthopedic Research Institute, USA *Corresponding author: Nabil Ebraheim, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Orthopaedic Residency Program Director, USA. Tel: 866.593.5049; E-Mail: [email protected] Citation: Ebraheim N, Whaley J, Stirton J, Hamilton R, Andrews K(2017) Femoral Triangle Anatomy: Review, Surgical Applica- tion, and Novel Mnemonic. J Orthop Ther: JORT-139. DOI: 10.29011/JORT-139.000039 Received Date: 3 June, 2017; Accepted Date: 8 June, 2017; Published Date: 15 June, 2017 Abstract We provide an anatomical review of the femoral triangle, its application to the anterior surgical approach to the hip, and a useful mnemonic for remembering the contents and relationship of the femoral triangle. The femoral triangle is located on the anterior aspect of the thigh, inferior to the inguinal ligament and knowledge of its contents has become increasingly more important with the rise in use of the Smith-Petersen Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) to the hip as well as ultrasound and fluo- roscopic guided hip injections. A detailed knowledge of the anatomical landmarks can guide surgeons in their anterior approach to the hip, avoiding iatrogenic injuries during various procedures. The novel mnemonic “NAVIgate” the femoral triangle from lateral to medial will aid in remembering the borders and contents of the triangle when performing surgical procedures, specifically the DAA.
    [Show full text]
  • DEPARTMENT of ANATOMY IGMC SHIMLA Competency Based Under
    DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY IGMC SHIMLA Competency Based Under Graduate Curriculum - 2019 Number COMPETENCY Objective The student should be able to At the end of the session student should know AN1.1 Demonstrate normal anatomical position, various a) Define and demonstrate various positions and planes planes, relation, comparison, laterality & b) Anatomical terms used for lower trunk, limbs, joint movement in our body movements, bony features, blood vessels, nerves, fascia, muscles and clinical anatomy AN1.2 Describe composition of bone and bone marrow a) Various classifications of bones b) Structure of bone AN2.1 Describe parts, blood and nerve supply of a long bone a) Parts of young bone b) Types of epiphysis c) Blood supply of bone d) Nerve supply of bone AN2.2 Enumerate laws of ossification a) Development and ossification of bones with laws of ossification b) Medico legal and anthropological aspects of bones AN2.3 Enumerate special features of a sesamoid bone a) Enumerate various sesamoid bones with their features and functions AN2.4 Describe various types of cartilage with its structure & a) Differences between bones and cartilage distribution in body b) Characteristics features of cartilage c) Types of cartilage and their distribution in body AN2.5 Describe various joints with subtypes and examples a) Various classification of joints b) Features and different types of fibrous joints with examples c) Features of primary and secondary cartilaginous joints d) Different types of synovial joints e) Structure and function of typical synovial
    [Show full text]
  • The Fascia Lata of the Thigh – More Than a “Stocking”: a Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography and Dissection Study
    The Fascia Lata of the Thigh – More Than a “Stocking”: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography and Dissection Study. Willem Fourie. School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa. Phone: +27 (0)11 763 6990. Fax: +27 (0)866 180 179. E-mail: [email protected] BACKROUND: Regional descriptions of the thigh mostly exclude detailed descriptions of the fascia lata and its relationships to underlying muscles. It is cursorily described as “a strong, dense, broad single layer of deep fascia investing the thigh muscles like a stocking”. This “stocking” contributes to increased compartment pressure when the muscles contract, aiding venous return. With recent growing understanding of the role of deep fascia, it seems like the fascia lata may not solely be for compartmentalisation, containment and aiding venous return. OBSERVATIONS: During dissections of cadaver thighs, we observed that the fascial relations to underlying muscles differ from textbook descriptions, forming a separate fascia covering some muscles, while acting as an epimysial cover to others in the same region. Furthermore, in an ultrasonography (US) pilot study, some regions of the upper thigh appeared as a triple layer of fascia covering muscles. Both these observations contradicted the general descriptions in literature. AIMS: 1. To investigate the above observations further. 2. Comparing dissection observations and living subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US). METHODS: Detailed dissection of eight cadaver thighs compared to observations from MRI and US of four living subjects’ thighs. Observations were done at the same four levels on all the thighs. RESULTS: While vastus lateralis observations corresponded to textbook descriptions, US showed the fascia lata as a triple layer in places.
    [Show full text]
  • Vessels in Femoral Triangle in a Rare Relationship Bandyopadhyay M, Biswas S, Roy R
    Case Report Singapore Med J 2010; 51(1) : e3 Vessels in femoral triangle in a rare relationship Bandyopadhyay M, Biswas S, Roy R ABSTRACT vein, the longest superficial vein in the body, ends in the The femoral region of the thigh is utilised for femoral vein, which is a short distance away from the various clinical procedures, both open and inguinal ligament after passing through the saphenous closed, particularly in respect to arterial and opening.(2) venous cannulations. A rare vascular pattern was observed during the dissection of the femoral CASE REPORT region on both sides of the intact formaldehyde- A routine dissection in undergraduate teaching of an preserved cadaver of a 42-year-old Indian intact formaldehyde-preserved cadaver of a 42-year-old man from West Bengal. The relationships and Indian man from West Bengal revealed a rare pattern patterns found were contrary to the belief that of relationship between the femoral vessels on both the femoral vein is always medial to the artery, sides. The femoral artery crossed the femoral vein deep just below the inguinal ligament and the common to the inguinal ligament, such that the artery was lying femoral artery. The femoral artery crossed the superficial to the vein at the base of the femoral triangle. vein just deep to the inguinal ligament so that The profunda femoris artery was seen lying lateral, and the femoral vein was lying deep to the artery at the great saphenous vein medial, to the femoral vessels the base of the femoral triangle. Just deep to the in the triangle.
    [Show full text]
  • Parts of the Body 1) Head – Caput, Capitus 2) Skull- Cranium Cephalic- Toward the Skull Caudal- Toward the Tail Rostral- Toward the Nose 3) Collum (Pl
    BIO 3330 Advanced Human Cadaver Anatomy Instructor: Dr. Jeff Simpson Department of Biology Metropolitan State College of Denver 1 PARTS OF THE BODY 1) HEAD – CAPUT, CAPITUS 2) SKULL- CRANIUM CEPHALIC- TOWARD THE SKULL CAUDAL- TOWARD THE TAIL ROSTRAL- TOWARD THE NOSE 3) COLLUM (PL. COLLI), CERVIX 4) TRUNK- THORAX, CHEST 5) ABDOMEN- AREA BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE HIP BONES 6) PELVIS- AREA BETWEEN OS COXAS EXTREMITIES -UPPER 1) SHOULDER GIRDLE - SCAPULA, CLAVICLE 2) BRACHIUM - ARM 3) ANTEBRACHIUM -FOREARM 4) CUBITAL FOSSA 6) METACARPALS 7) PHALANGES 2 Lower Extremities Pelvis Os Coxae (2) Inominant Bones Sacrum Coccyx Terms of Position and Direction Anatomical Position Body Erect, head, eyes and toes facing forward. Limbs at side, palms facing forward Anterior-ventral Posterior-dorsal Superficial Deep Internal/external Vertical & horizontal- refer to the body in the standing position Lateral/ medial Superior/inferior Ipsilateral Contralateral Planes of the Body Median-cuts the body into left and right halves Sagittal- parallel to median Frontal (Coronal)- divides the body into front and back halves 3 Horizontal(transverse)- cuts the body into upper and lower portions Positions of the Body Proximal Distal Limbs Radial Ulnar Tibial Fibular Foot Dorsum Plantar Hallicus HAND Dorsum- back of hand Palmar (volar)- palm side Pollicus Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Pinky finger TERMS OF MOVEMENT 1) FLEXION: DECREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 2) EXTENSION: INCREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 3) ADDUCTION: TOWARDS MIDLINE
    [Show full text]
  • Ana Tomical Triangles J
    43 ANA TOMICAL TRIANGLES J. LESLIE PACE, M.D. Department of Anatomy, Royal University of Malta Anatomical description is given of certain areas in the human hody which have :.l triangular sha!)e and which are of anatomical or surgical importance. There are at lea;,t 30 describe,d ,anatomical triangles, many of which receive eponymous names. Some are of nUlrked importance and well known e.g. Scarpa's femoral triangle, Hesselbach's inguinal triangle, H!ld Petit '5 lumbar triangle; others arc of relative1y minor importance and n.ot so well-known e.g. Elau's, Friteau's and Assezat's triangles. Anatomical trianlfles are described in various regions .of the body e.g. Macewen's ana Trautmann's in the head regiml, Beclaud's and PirDgoff's in the neck region, He'lSelbach '5, Henke '5, Petit's amI Grynfeltt's in the ,abdominal wall region and Searpa's Hnd Weber's in the lower limb Tf~gion. Their size varies, some being large e.g. Scarpa's triangle, others being very small e.g. Macewen's triangle. The bDundaries of these triangular areas may cDnsist of muscle borders e.g. the triangle .of Lannier and the variDUS tria,ngles of the neck; of n111sc1e borders and· bony cn1"fac(1,~ e.g. P(~lit'.~l tri,f)ng]c, t]1(' tria11['1]" ,C)f M'll"('ille J;lIlfl t1H~ tl"i[J11~le of Auscultation; of muscle borders and blood ves,ds e.g. Uesselbach's; of imaginary line, clrawn hetween fixed bony points e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Anatomy of the Lower Extremity
    Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy Clinical anatomy of the lower extremity Teaching aid Иркутск ИГМУ 2016 УДК [617.58 + 611.728](075.8) ББК 54.578.4я73. К 49 Recommended by faculty methodological council of medical department of SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation as a training manual for independent work of foreign students from medical faculty, faculty of pediatrics, faculty of dentistry, protocol № 01.02.2016. Authors: G.I. Songolov - associate professor, Head of Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, PhD, MD SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation. O. P.Galeeva - associate professor of Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, MD, PhD SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation. A.A. Yudin - assistant of department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation. S. N. Redkov – assistant of department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy SBEI HE ISMU THE Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation. Reviewers: E.V. Gvildis - head of department of foreign languages with the course of the Latin and Russian as foreign languages of SBEI HE ISMU The Ministry of Health of The Russian Federation, PhD, L.V. Sorokina - associate Professor of Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation at ISMU, PhD, MD Songolov G.I K49 Clinical anatomy of lower extremity: teaching aid / Songolov G.I, Galeeva O.P, Redkov S.N, Yudin, A.A.; State budget educational institution of higher education of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation; "Irkutsk State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation Irkutsk ISMU, 2016, 45 p.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Kinesiology Class 11
    STRUCTURAL KINESIOLOGY CLASS 11 With John Maguire WHAT WE WILL COVER IN THIS CLASS Muscles of the Large Intestine: • Fascia Lata • Hamstrings • Lumborum The Emergency Mode 2 FASCIA LATA MUSCLE PAGE 224 Meridian Large Intestine Organ Large Intestine Action Flexes, medially rotates and abducts the hip. Origin Iliac crest posterior to the ASIS Insertion Iliotibial band Muscle Test The supine person holds the leg in a position of abduction, internal rotation, and hip flexion with the knee in hyperextension. Push the leg down and in towards the other ankle NL Top of the thigh to below the knee cap along the iliotibial band Back: a triangle from L2 – L4 on the soft tissue in the back NV #10 Parietal Eminence Indications • Intestinal problems of constipation, spastic colon, colitis and diarrhea, • Chest soreness and breast pain with menstruation. • Postural sign is the legs tend to bow 3 HAMSTRINGS PAGE 226 Meridian Large Intestine Organ Large Intestine – particularly the rectum Action Biceps Femoris (lateral hamstring) – Flexes the knee, laterally rotates the hip and the flexed knee and extends the hip. Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus (medial hamstrings) Flexes the knee, medially rotates the hip and extends the hip. Origin Ischial tuberosity and the back middle of the femur Insertion Biceps Femoris – Head of the fibula. Semitendinosus – top inside of the tibia Semimembranosus – back of the medial condyle of the tibia Muscle Test With the leg bent so the angle of the calf and the thigh is slightly more than 90 degrees, exert pressure in the middle of the hamstring to prevent cramping. Pressure is against the back of the achilles tendon to straighten the leg.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Anatomy
    BODY ORIENTATION OUTLINE 13.1 A Regional Approach to Surface Anatomy 398 13.2 Head Region 398 13.2a Cranium 399 13 13.2b Face 399 13.3 Neck Region 399 13.4 Trunk Region 401 13.4a Thorax 401 Surface 13.4b Abdominopelvic Region 403 13.4c Back 404 13.5 Shoulder and Upper Limb Region 405 13.5a Shoulder 405 Anatomy 13.5b Axilla 405 13.5c Arm 405 13.5d Forearm 406 13.5e Hand 406 13.6 Lower Limb Region 408 13.6a Gluteal Region 408 13.6b Thigh 408 13.6c Leg 409 13.6d Foot 411 MODULE 1: BODY ORIENTATION mck78097_ch13_397-414.indd 397 2/14/11 3:28 PM 398 Chapter Thirteen Surface Anatomy magine this scenario: An unconscious patient has been brought Health-care professionals rely on four techniques when I to the emergency room. Although the patient cannot tell the ER examining surface anatomy. Using visual inspection, they directly physician what is wrong or “where it hurts,” the doctor can assess observe the structure and markings of surface features. Through some of the injuries by observing surface anatomy, including: palpation (pal-pā sh ́ ŭ n) (feeling with firm pressure or perceiving by the sense of touch), they precisely locate and identify anatomic ■ Locating pulse points to determine the patient’s heart rate and features under the skin. Using percussion (per-kush ̆ ́ŭn), they tap pulse strength firmly on specific body sites to detect resonating vibrations. And ■ Palpating the bones under the skin to determine if a via auscultation (aws-ku ̆l-tā sh ́ un), ̆ they listen to sounds emitted fracture has occurred from organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Anatomy (Code: An)
    HUMAN ANATOMY (CODE: AN) Number COMPETENCY Domain Level Core Teaching- Objectives Asses Number Vertical Horizontal The student should be able to K/S/A/C K/KH/ (Y/N) Learning sment required to Integra Integration SH/P Methods Metho certify tion ds P Human Anatomy Topic: Anatomical terminology Numb Number of procedures for er of certification: (NIL) comp etenci es: (2) AN1.1 Demonstrate normal anatomical K/S SH Y Lecture, 1.Demonstrate normal anatomical position on an Written/ position, various planes, relation, DOAP individual Viva comparison, laterality & movement in session 2.Name the planes on longitudinal axis voce/sk our body 3.Demonstrate movement of his shoulder ills joint assess ment AN1.2 Describe composition of bone and K KH Y Lecture 1.Enumerate the chief mineral component of Bone Written/ Viva bone marrow 2. Enumerate all the cells of bone marrow. voce Topic: General features of bones & Joints Nu Number of procedures for mbe certification: (NIL) r of com pete ncie s: (6) AN2.1 Describe parts, blood and nerve K KH Y Lecture, 1.Describe the parts of long bone Written/ Viva supply of a long bone DOAP 2. Locate the long bones in an individual voce session AN2.2 Enumerate laws of ossification K KH N Lecture 1.List the named laws of ossification Written 2. Discuss the anatomical basis for the delayed fusion of growing end with shaft AN2.3 Enumerate special features of a K KH N Lecture 1.Describe features of sesamoid bone Written sesamoid bone 2.Name 3 salient features 0f sesamoid bone AN2.4 Describe various types of cartilage K KH Y Lecture 1.Name the types of cartilage Written/ Viva Orthopedics with its structure & distribution in body 2.
    [Show full text]