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1 Reproductive Efficiency of Entomopathogenic Nematodes As Scavengers. Are They Able to 1 Fight for Insect's Cadavers?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sapientia 1 Reproductive efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes as scavengers. Are they able to 2 fight for insect’s cadavers? 3 4 Rubén Blanco-Péreza,b, Francisco Bueno-Palleroa,b, Luis Netob, Raquel Campos-Herreraa,b,* 5 6 a MeditBio, Centre for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, Universidade do Algarve, Campus 7 de Gambelas, 8005, Faro (Portugal) 8 b Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005, Faro (Portugal) 9 10 *Corresponding author 11 Email: [email protected] 12 1 13 Abstract 14 15 Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their bacterial partners are well-studied insect 16 pathogens, and their persistence in soils is one of the key parameters for successful use as 17 biological control agents in agroecosystems. Free-living bacteriophagous nematodes (FLBNs) in 18 the genus Oscheius, often found in soils, can interfere in EPN reproduction when exposed to live 19 insect larvae. Both groups of nematodes can act as facultative scavengers as a survival strategy. 20 Our hypothesis was that EPNs will reproduce in insect cadavers under FLBN presence, but their 21 reproductive capacity will be severely limited when competing with other scavengers for the same 22 niche. We explored the outcome of EPN - Oscheius interaction by using freeze-killed larvae of 23 Galleria mellonella. The differential reproduction ability of two EPN species (Steinernema 24 kraussei and Heterorhabditis megidis), single applied or combined with two FLBNs (Oscheius 25 onirici or Oscheius tipulae), was evaluated under two different infective juvenile (IJ) pressure: 26 low (3 IJs/host) and high (20 IJs/host). -
Samia Cynthia Ricini Boisduval (Saturnidae: Lepidoptera)
Journal of Science and Sustainable Development (JSSD), 2015, 3(2), 45-56 Copyright © Ambo University ISSN: 2304-2702 (print); 2414-4479 (online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.20372/au.jssd.3.2.2015.047 Effect of Wet Castor Leaf Feeding and Feeding Frequencies on Economic Traits of Eri-Silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Saturnidae: Lepidoptera) Ahmed Ibrahim1, Metasebia Terefe1, Kedir Shifa1 and Abiy Tilahun1 1Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Melkassa Research Center, P.Box 436, East Shoa Melkassa, Ethiopia. Correspondence author Email: [email protected] Abstract This study was carried out at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center in the sericulture and apiculture research laboratory during 2012 and 2013G.C. cropping seasons. Both tender and matured castor leafs were obtained from Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, sericulture research field to investigate the effects on castor feeding silkworms. The treatments consist of young and late age rearing of silkworm. During young age (1st and 2nd instars) rearing, the tender leaf and late age (3rd, 4th and 5th instars) rearing, matured castor leaf were dipped in the water and excess water was drained out by shaking and fed to the silkworms as per the treatments. Feeding the 1st and 2nd instars silkworms (young age) with daily once (8 am), twice (8 am and 8 pm) and thrice (8 am, 2 pm and 9 pm) with tender wet leaf. While at late age (3rd, 4th and 5th instars) the silkworms were fed with daily twice (8 am & 8pm), thrice (8am, 2pm and 8 pm) and four times (8am, 12 noon 4 pm and 9 pm) with matured castor leaf. -
The Ecology of British Upland Peatlands: Climate Change, Drainage, Keystone Insects and Breeding Birds
The ecology of British upland peatlands: climate change, drainage, keystone insects and breeding birds Matthew John Carroll PhD University of York Department of Biology September 2012 Abstract Northern peatlands provide important ecosystem services and support species adapted to cold, wet conditions. However, drainage and climate change could cause peatlands to become drier, threatening ecosystem functions and biodiversity. British blanket bogs occur towards the southern extent of northern peatlands and have been extensively drained, so present an excellent opportunity to examine climate change and drainage impacts. Craneflies (Diptera: Tipulidae) are a major component of upland peatland invertebrate communities and provide a key food resource to breeding birds. However, larvae are highly susceptible to desiccation, so environmental changes that dry peat surfaces could harm cranefly populations and, in turn, bird populations. This thesis aims to examine effects of soil moisture, drainage and climate change on craneflies, and the relationship between craneflies and birds. A large-scale field experiment showed that adult cranefly abundance increased with soil moisture. Areas with blocked drainage ditches showed significantly higher soil moisture and cranefly abundance than areas with active drainage. A model of monthly peatland water tables driven by simple climate data was developed. The model accurately predicted water table position, and predicted up to two thirds of water table variation over time. Performance declined when modelling drained sites. The water table model was combined with empirical relationships to model cranefly abundance under climate change. Falling summer water tables were projected to drive cranefly population declines. Drain blocking would increase abundance and slow declines, thus aiding population persistence. -
Correct Authorship of the Name Phalaena Ricini and the Nomenclatural Status of the Name Saturnia Canningi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
PEIGLER & CALHOUN: Correct authorship of Phalaena ricini TROP. LEPID. RES., 23(1): 39-43, 2013 39 CORRECT AUTHORSHIP OF THE NAME PHALAENA RICINI AND THE NOMENCLATURAL STATUS OF THE NAME SATURNIA CANNINGI (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE) Richard S. Peigler1 and John V. Calhoun2 1Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, 4301 Broadway, San Antonio, Texas 78209-6397 U.S.A. and Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity, Gainesville, Florida 32611 U.S.A. email: [email protected]; 2977 Wicks Drive, Palm Harbor, Florida 34684-4656 U.S.A. and Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity, Gainesville, Florida 32611 U.S.A. email:[email protected] Abstract - The eri silkmoth (Samia ricini) is the third most important silk producer in the world. The moth exists only in captivity, having been artificially selected from a wild progenitor, generally recognized as Samia canningi (Hutton) of the Himalayas. In the taxonomic and sericultural literature, there has been considerable confusion and inconsistency regarding the correct authorship of the name Phalaena ricini as originally described. The author of P. ricini has most often been cited as Boisduval, but other researchers have attributed authorship to Anderson, Jones, Donovan, or Hutton. The original description was located, thus revealing that P. ricini should be credited to Sir William Jones. In turn, the date of publication fixes the nameP. ricini as the senior subjective synonym for both the wild and cultivated entities, thereby forcing Saturnia canningi into synonymy. Key words: Assam, eri silk, ericulture, India, Sir William Jones, wild silk INTRODUCTION 2003) conserved the binomials of 17 species of wild animals, including Bombyx mandarina (Moore), which was eventually The eri silkmoth (Fig. -
Proposal: Development of an Identification Guide to Crane Fly (Insecta: Diptera: Tipulidae) Pests of Turfgrass in the Eastern U.S
Proposal: Development of an Identification Guide to Crane Fly (Insecta: Diptera: Tipulidae) Pests of Turfgrass in the Eastern U.S. Need for project: An ease of use identification guide is needed at this time by extension agents, turf grass care specialists and homeowners to separate the species of crane flies likely to be found associated with turf grasses, and focusing on the species implicated in causing turf grass damage. Background: The subgenus Tipula (Tipula) is an Old World group with two very similar introduced species in North America, the European Crane Fly, Tipula (T.) paludosa Meigen and the species T. (T.) oleracea Linnaeus, sometimes called the Common Crane Fly (Oosterbroek, 2005). Tipula paludosa is better known in North America, long established in the Pacific Northwest (Jackson and Campbell, 1975) and Canadian Maritimes provinces (Alexander, 1962), more recently in California (Umble and Rao, 2004; S. Gaimari, CDFA, pers. comm.) and is a leading insect pest of turf grass and pastures in these area. More recently, T. oleracea, has been discovered in the Pacific Northwest and California at a wide variety of localities and is considered established (Umble and Rao, 2004; S. Gaimari, CDFA, pers. comm.); it may have resided in these areas undetected for years and been mistaken for paludosa. It attacks a broad range of crops and is considered a major pest in Europe (Anonymous, 1967; Pesho et al. 1981). Tipula paludosa was discovered in Ontario in the late 1990’s at a wide variety of localities in southern Ontario, including Niagara Falls, and associated with turf damage (Pam Charbonneau, pers. -
Samia Cynthia in New Jersey Book Review, Market- Place, Metamorphosis, Announcements, Membership Updates
________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume 61, Number 4 Winter 2019 www.lepsoc.org ________________________________________________________________________________________ Inside: Butterflies of Papua Southern Pearly Eyes in exotic Louisiana venue Philippine butterflies and moths: a new website The Lepidopterists’ Society collecting statement updated Lep Soc, Southern Lep Soc, and Assoc of Trop Lep combined meeting Butterfly vicariance in southeast Asia Samia cynthia in New Jersey Book Review, Market- place, Metamorphosis, Announcements, Membership Updates ... and more! ________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Contents www.lepsoc.org ________________________________________________________ Digital Collecting -- Butterflies of Papua, Indonesia ____________________________________ Bill Berthet. .......................................................................................... 159 Volume 61, Number 4 Butterfly vicariance in Southeast Asia Winter 2019 John Grehan. ........................................................................................ 168 Metamorphosis. ....................................................................................... 171 The Lepidopterists’ Society is a non-profit ed- Membership Updates. ucational and scientific organization. The ob- Chris Grinter. ....................................................................................... 171 -
Four New Species of the Silkmoth Genus Samia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo Jahr/Year: 2001 Band/Volume: 22 Autor(en)/Author(s): Naumann Stefan, Peigler Richard S. Artikel/Article: Four new species of the silkmoth genus Samia 75-83 74 Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 22 (2): 75–83 (2001) 75 Four new species of the silkmoth genus Samia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) 1 Stefan Naumann and Richard S. Peigler Dr. Stefan Naumann, Potsdamer Strasse 71, D-10785 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Dr. Richard S. Peigler, Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, 4301 Broadway, San Antonio, Texas 78209-6397, USA; email: [email protected] Abstract: During preparation of a revision of the silkmoth genaueren und weiteren Fundortdaten, Literaturzitaten und genus Samia Hübner 1819 (“1816”), (Saturniidae) a large sonstigen Informationen wird in der Gattungsrevision dar- amount of material from Asia in institutional and private gestellt, im vorliegenden Artikel beschreiben wir lediglich collections was examined by the authors, and in recent folgende Arten als neu: Samia abrerai spec. nov. von Bali years additional material from areas which were not pre- und Java, Indonesien, männlicher Holotypus in The Natu- viously well represented in collections became available. ral History Museum, London; Samia naessigi spec. nov. Some species were found to be undescribed, although some von der Insel Halmahera, Indonesien, männlicher Holoty- of them have been collected commonly for over 100 years pus im Zoologischen Museum der Humboldt-Universität zu and are not rare in collections. Other species were only col- Berlin; Samia kohlli spec. -
Assessing Potential Biological Control of the Invasive Plant, Tree-Of-Heaven, Ailanthus Altissima
This article was downloaded by: [USDA National Agricultural Library] On: 11 August 2009 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 741288003] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Biocontrol Science and Technology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713409232 Assessing potential biological control of the invasive plant, tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima Jianqing Ding a; Yun Wu b; Hao Zheng a; Weidong Fu a; Richard Reardon b; Min Liu a a Institute of Biological Control, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China b Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, USA Online Publication Date: 01 June 2006 To cite this Article Ding, Jianqing, Wu, Yun, Zheng, Hao, Fu, Weidong, Reardon, Richard and Liu, Min(2006)'Assessing potential biological control of the invasive plant, tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima',Biocontrol Science and Technology,16:6,547 — 566 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/09583150500531909 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150500531909 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. -
Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Solanum Tuberosum L
American Journal of Entomology 2021; 5(3): 51-69 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/aje doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20210503.13 ISSN: 2640-0529 (Print); ISSN: 2640-0537 (Online) Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Solanum tuberosum L. 1753 (Solanaceae) in Balessing (West-Cameroon) Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe, Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem, Jeanne Agrippine Yetchom-Fondjo, Basile Moumite Mohamed, Junior Tsekane Sedick, Edith Laure Kenne, Biawa-Miric Kagmegni, * Patrick Steve Tuekam Kowa, Romaine Magloire Fantio, Abdel Kayoum Yomon, Martin Kenne Department of the Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon Email address: *Corresponding author To cite this article: Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe, Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem, Jeanne Agrippine Yetchom-Fondjo, Basile Moumite Mohamed, Junior Tsekane Sedick, Edith Laure Kenne, Biawa-Miric Kagmegni, Patrick Steve Tuekam Kowa, Romaine Magloire Fantio, Abdel Kayoum Yomon, Martin Kenne. Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Solanum tuberosum L. 1753 (Solanaceae) in Balessing (West-Cameroon). American Journal of Entomology . Vol. 5, No. 3, 2021, pp. 51-69. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20210503.13 Received : July 14, 2021; Accepted : August 3, 2021; Published : August 11, 2021 Abstract: Solanum tuberosum L. 1753 (Solanaceae) is widely cultivated for its therapeutic and nutritional qualities. In Cameroon, the production is insufficient to meet the demand in the cities and there is no published data on the diversity of associated pest insects. Ecological surveys were conducted from July to September 2020 in 16 plots of five development stages in Balessing (West- Cameroon). Insects active on the plants were captured and identified and the community structure was characterized. -
Control of Discontinuous Gas Exchange in Samia Cynthia: Effects of Atmospheric Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Moisture
3272 The Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3272-3280 Published by The Company of Biologists 2008 doi:10.1242/jeb.022467 Control of discontinuous gas exchange in Samia cynthia: effects of atmospheric oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture John S. Terblanche1,*, Elrike Marais1, Stefan K. Hetz2 and Steven L. Chown1 1Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa and 2Department of Animal Physiology, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany *Author for correspondence at present address: Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 13 August 2008 SUMMARY The evolution of discontinuous gas exchange (DGE) in insects is highly controversial. Adaptive hypotheses which have obtained experimental support include a water savings mechanism for living in dry environments (hygric hypothesis), a reduction in oxidative damage due to a high-performance oxygen delivery system (oxidative damage hypothesis), and the need for steep intratracheal partial pressure gradients to exchange gases under the hypercapnic and/or hypoxic conditions potentially encountered in subterranean environments (chthonic hypothesis). However, few experimental studies have simultaneously assessed multiple competing hypotheses within a strong inference framework. Here, we present such a study at the species level for a diapausing moth pupa, Samia cynthia. Switching gas conditions from controlled normoxic, normocapnic and intermediate humidity to either high or low oxygen, high or low moisture, elevated carbon dioxide, or some combination of these, revealed that DGE was abandoned under all conditions except high oxygen, and high or low gas moisture levels. -
Biosecurity Risk Assessment
An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries by Dr Robert C Keogh February 2012 RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-007347 © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-320-8 ISSN 1440-6845 An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries Publication No. 11/141 Project No. PRJ-007347 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. -
Minnesota's Top 124 Terrestrial Invasive Plants and Pests
Photo by RichardhdWebbWebb 0LQQHVRWD V7RS 7HUUHVWULDO,QYDVLYH 3ODQWVDQG3HVWV 3ULRULWLHVIRU5HVHDUFK Sciencebased solutions to protect Minnesota’s prairies, forests, wetlands, and agricultural resources Contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Prioritization Panel members ....................................................................................................... 4 III. Seventeen criteria, and their relative importance, to assess the threat a terrestrial invasive species poses to Minnesota ...................................................................................................................... 5 IV. Prioritized list of terrestrial invasive insects ................................................................................. 6 V. Prioritized list of terrestrial invasive plant pathogens .................................................................. 7 VI. Prioritized list of plants (weeds) ................................................................................................... 8 VII. Terrestrial invasive insects (alphabetically by common name): criteria ratings to determine threat to Minnesota. .................................................................................................................................... 9 VIII. Terrestrial invasive pathogens (alphabetically by disease among bacteria, fungi, nematodes, oomycetes, parasitic plants, and viruses): criteria ratings