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Warped: Gay Normality and Queer Anti-Capitalism Historical Materialism Book Series

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Warped: Gay Normality and Queer Anti-Capitalism Historical Materialism Book Series Warped: Gay Normality and Queer Anti-Capitalism Historical Materialism Book Series Editorial Board Sébastien Budgen (Paris) Steve Edwards (London) Marcel van der Linden (Amsterdam) Peter Thomas (London) VOLUME 92 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/hm Warped: Gay Normality and Queer Anti-Capitalism By Peter Drucker LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drucker, Peter, 1958– Warped : gay normality and queer anti-capitalism / by Peter Drucker. pages cm. — (Historical materialism book series, ISSN 1570-1522 ; volume 92) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-22391-2 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-28811-9 (e-book) 1. Gay rights— Economic aspects. 2. Gays—Political activity. 3. Capitalism—Social aspects. 4. Queer theory. I. Title. HQ76.5.D78 2015 306.7601—dc23 2014047084 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1570-1522 isbn 978-90-04-22391-2 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-28811-9 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. I hear it was charged against me that I sought to destroy institutions . (What indeed have I in common with them? Or what with the destruc- tion of them?) Only I will establish . Without edifices or rules or trustees or any argument, The institution of the dear love of comrades. Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass … I pondered all these things, and how men [sic] fight and lose the battle, and the thing that they fought for comes about in spite of their defeat, and when it comes turns out not to be what they meant, and other men have to fight for what they meant under another name. William Morris, A Dream of John Ball … . for the embattled there is no place that cannot be home nor is. Audre Lorde, ‘School Note’ ∵ Contents Preface ix Introduction: What’s at Stake? 1 Understanding Same-Sex Histories 41 Part 1 Origins of Gay Normality Prologue: Before Homosexuality 71 1 Imperialism and Inversion 99 2 Fordism and Gay Identity 161 Part 2 Gay Normality Under Neoliberalism 3 Homonormativity and Queer 219 4 The Sexual Politics of Neoliberalism 279 Part 3 Challenges for a Queer Anti-Capitalism 5 Towards a Queer Sexual Politics 307 6 Queering Broader Movements 353 Conclusion: The Principle of Hope 383 References 397 Index 425 Preface This book is meant to be both a political intervention and an empirically and theoretically rigorous work of scholarship. Since lesbian/gay liberation and lesbian/gay studies got started over forty years ago, the scholarly discipline has grown enormously in scale, status and sophistication, but this kind of hybrid of politics and scholarship has become more unusual. While many people in queer studies today try to engage with political issues in their less academic writings and speaking, and some persist in trying to integrate politics into their scholarship, the warring imperatives of an academic field and of political movements have made the combination an increasingly difficult one to pull off. I believe the attempt remains worthwhile and important. Political engage- ment can give scholarship a sense of proportion, focusing it on larger societal and human stakes, rather than the sometimes arcane preoccupations of rival academic schools. And sexual politics needs to be informed by theory and his- tory. Otherwise mainstream sexual politics can become the prisoner of a nar- row, complacent, conformist agenda, while radical sexual politics can despair of change and become embittered and insular. In this spirit, this book makes an ambitious attempt to make sense of a wide range of other people’s discoveries (I have not undertaken original fieldwork or research in previously untapped primary sources), and to draw conclusions from them for activism. Others will have to judge to what extent it has suc- ceeded. I have done my best to be empirically accurate and theoretically con- sistent, but make no claim to academic serenity above the political fray. I also make no claim to have the last word on any specific issue. Rather, my hope is to stimulate dialogue and research on issues I think have been neglected in the last few decades: especially the connections between capitalism and the heterosexual norm, and between class and sexual politics. At certain points, my argument takes some daring leaps over social and cultural mediations that are vital to the links I am trying to make. I hope that others will be inspired to try to fill these gaps, even if this means modifying my hypotheses. Although the book has not been a collective project and its flaws are solely my responsibility, it could never have been written or published without many people’s help, so I have many people to thank. Thanks to the other organisers of and participants in the International lgbt Strategy Seminars in 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2009 at the International Institute for Research and Education (iire) in Amsterdam for stimulating discussions and helpful criticisms – especially to Terry Conway, a comrade, co-thinker and friend for many years – to my fellow iire lecturers and staff members for many forms of intellectual and practical x preface support, and to the students (all of them activists) at the iire for their enthu- siasm, dedication and stimulating comments and questions. Several people associated with the iire – comrades who have also become friends, notably Gilbert Achcar, Penelope Duggan and Pierre Rousset – gave me valued encour- agement in pursuing the politics of sexuality as part of my work as Co-Director and later Fellow. Pierre in particular has been a model of engaged scholarship outside the academy. Thanks to the editors of the journal Historical Materialism for persever- ing through the eight-year marathon that led to publication of the 2011 article (‘The Fracturing of lgbt Identities under Neoliberal Capitalism’),1 which was, in its turn, the starting point for this book, and which still (in revised form) makes up much of chapter 3 in particular. Paul Reynolds set the whole pro- cess in motion; Sebastian Budgen, Peter Thomas and the other editors of the Historical Materialism book series gave encouragement and help at the later stages. Two anonymous reviewers for the series made encouraging comments and helpful suggestions. Series editor Danny Hayward has patiently, persis- tently shepherded the book over many hurdles on the way to publication. Simon Mussell has been a thorough and sensitive copy-editor. This book represents among other things an attempt to fuse that 2011 article on queer identities with earlier work – notably a 1996 article for New Left Review and my work as editor of the anthology Different Rainbows – on lgbt identi- ties and politics in the dependent world. Any attempt to resist the prevailing Eurocentrism of queer studies involves a fight against steep odds – against us hegemony in the field (a phenomenon that I try to analyse), queer studies’ continuing neglect (despite its rapidly expanding scope) of some corners of the globe, and my own inability to keep up with everything that is published. Crucial to this effort were the comments and criticisms of lgbt people in or from dependent countries, who kept me alert to the Eurocentrism so often implicit even in would-be radical queer approaches (including my own). Special thanks are owed to David Fernbach for shepherding both the New Left Review article and Different Rainbows from conception to completion, to the contributors to Different Rainbows, to the Asian, African and Latin American participants in iire sessions, and to the members of Lambda Istanbul who took part in a discussion with me there in 2011. Various articles of mine on lgbt history and politics over the past two decades in various publications provided other material for this book. I have drawn on almost all of them, but most have been so thoroughly reworked as 1 Drucker, Peter 2011, ‘The Fracturing of lgbt Identities under Neoliberal Capitalism’, Historical Materialism, 19(4): 3–32. Preface xi to be unrecognisable, so I have simply cited and footnoted them as appro- priate. In any case, acknowledgement is due to the editors of the us social- ist journal Against the Current for publishing many of them and for providing what has remained my political and intellectual home base since 1984. While submitting my work elsewhere has always involved the risk of running up against unforeseen political and ideological obstacles, I could always count on a sympathetic and intelligent reception from atc, even after I found myself thousands of miles away in the substantially different social climate of the Netherlands (where the magazine Grenzeloos has become my home base in the even smaller world of Dutch critical Marxism). Bits of articles from Against the Current, particularly of ‘Arab Sexualities’ from 2008, have found their way into this book. I owe atc’s editors a debt of gratitude, particularly David Finkel and Dianne Feeley for continuing to ask me for articles, and Alan Wald, who has made ongoing and intelligent efforts to link Marxism and queer studies in his own work as well as encouraging mine.
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