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A Case Study of Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

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A Case Study of Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia The effectiveness and sustainability of donor assisted rural water supply projects: A case study of Awi zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia MSc THESIS BISHAW ANAGAW FEBURARY 2016 ARBA MINCH, ETHIOPIA The effectiveness and sustainability of donor assisted rural water supply projects: A case study of Awi zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia BISHAW ANAGAW A thesis submitted to the department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Arba Minch Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering Arba Minch University School of Graduate Studies February, 2016 CERTIFICATION I, the undersigned, certify that I have read and here by recommended for the acceptance by the Arba Minch University a thesis entitled: The effectiveness and sustainability of donor assisted rural water supply projects: Case study of Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia in partial fulfillment for requirement of degree of Master of Science in Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr.Ing Bogale GebreMariam (Advisor) Date-------------------------------------------------------------- i DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis work and have not been presented and will not be presented for any degree in any university Bishaw Anagaw Signature: ----------------------------------------------------------------- ii APPROVAL PAGE We, the undersigned, members of the Board of Examiners of the final open defense by 27/02/2016 have read and evaluated his thesis entitled “The effectiveness and sustainability of donor assisted rural water supply projects: A case study of Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia”, and examined the candidate’s oral presentation. This is, therefore, to certify that the thesis has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master Science in Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering at Arba Minch University Dr. Ing. Bogale GebreMariam -------------------------- -------------------- (Advisor) Signature Date Member of Examination Board 1. Dr. Sirak Tekleab ----------------------- ------------------- (External Examiner) Signature Date 2. Dr. Ing. Kinfe Kassa ----------------------- ----------------------- (Internal Examiner) Signature Date 3. Mr. Adane WoldeMedehin ----------------------- ----------------------- (Chairperson) Signature Date 4. Mr. Demelash Wondimagegnehu ----------------------- --------------------- (SGS Coordinator) Signature Date 5. -------------------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------- (Department Head) Signature Date iii ABBREVIATIONS AZWRDD Awi Zone Water Resource Development Department ANRS Amhara National Regional State ACSI Amhara Credit and Saving Institution BoEFD Bureau of Economic and Finance Development BoWIED Bureau of Water, Irrigation and Energy Development CDF Community development fund CMP Community managed project BoWRD Bureau of water resources development CSA Central statistics Authority DSP Developed spring E&S Effectiveness and sustainability FINNIDA Finland international development agency GIS Geographical information systems GTP Growth and Transformation Plan HDW Hand dug well MDG Millennium Development Goals MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity NGO None Governmental Organization O&M Operation and Maintenance PCA Principal Component analysis RWSS Rural water supply and sanitations UNDP United Nation Development Program UNICEF United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund WaSH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WASHCo Water Sanitation and Hygiene Committee WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WMC Water management committee WSP Water Supply program iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT Above all I thank Almighty GOD and His mother St. virgin Marry for guidance and grace up on me during in my works and in all my life. My heartfelt thanks goes to my mother W/ro Guday Tamir and my father Kes Anagaw Endalew who have contributed the lions share in the success of my life yet. Very special thanks to my advisor Dr. Ing Bogale GebreMariam for his valuable guidance, encouragement, suggestions and constructive comments from the initiation to the completion of this research work with close support and relationship during the study period. My great acknowledgment also forwarded to Mr. Mamaru Ayalew Moges, Lecturer and PhD candidate at Bahir Dar University, for his valuable guidance and comments during the research work. I would also want to acknowledge Amhara Regional State Bureau of Water, Irrigation and Energy development for giving chance and full sponsor of my post graduate study. My kind thanks goes to my sister Shashe Anagaw and her husband Mr. Yeshiwas Alamirew from Canada and my brothers Abiot Anagaw and Messeret Anagaw for their support in every way to complete my study. Special thanks to all staffs in Awi zone water resources development main department, Ankesha, Banja and Guagusa woreda water resources development offices and respondent communities during data collection. Lastly, my thankfulness goes to many institutions, individuals and all friends who have helped me in providing required data on the subject matter of the research work and in encouraging my effort in many aspects of study. v ABSTRACT Sustainability of water supplies is a key challenge, both in water resources and service delivery. The main objective of this research work was evaluating current service level, identifying factors of poor effectiveness and sustainability and pointed out remedial solutions of donor assisted rural water supply projects in Awi zone, Amhara, Ethiopia. The study mainly focused on the physical and technical concern of the schemes. Three sample woredas: Ankesha and Guagussa Woredas financially assisted by Community managed project (CMP), and Banja Woreda supported by World Bank (WB) were selected by purposive sampling. A survey was carried out with 80 households in 25 water points (hand dug wells and developed springs) constructed by donors in 2012. The water points were selected randomly and data gathered by questionnaires, interviews, site investigations. The collected data was scored and analyzed using project approach and performance frameworks within numXL 1.6 software. Then the scored data standardized through PCA was converted to effectiveness and sustainability index using multiple linear regression equation for each samples. Sample points were ranked according to the index and spatially mapped with Arc GIS 10.1 using kriging interpolation method. Factors such as demand driven approach, community participation, training, technology were factors before and during implementation. Cost recovery condition and donors support for operation, maintenance and management were also post project factors of effectiveness and sustainability problems. 56% samples resulted as effective and sustainable projects but not enough. 20% of the sample water points categorized as poorly effective (nonfunctional) and not sustainable because of poor project approach and performance. This non-functionality rate was less than the Amhara Region for non- functionality rate (24%). From the result 24% of sample projects fall under effective and sustainable schemes with little improvements. CMP projects have greater E&S index results than World Bank projects that implies CMP schemes are more successful than World Bank projects. Further improvements on the factors could result effective and sustainable projects. Keywords: Effectiveness, sustainability, Awi zone, donor, rural water supply performance vi CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ................................................................................................................... I DECLARATION..................................................................................................................... II APPROVAL PAGE .............................................................................................................. III ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................................................ V ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. IX LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. X 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 General............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the problems ............................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objective of the study ...................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Significance of the study ................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Scope of the study............................................................................................................ 3 1.6 Thesis organization .........................................................................................................
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