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====================================== Copyright © 2014 ------------- All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Cover design: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dedicated to Christopher Fyfe (1920-2008) TABLE OF CONTENTS ====================================== List of Illustrations .................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................... xi Preface ........................................................................................................................ xv David Richardson Chapter 1. Sierra Leone in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries .............. 1 Paul E. Lovejoy and Suzanne Schwarz Chapter 2. Liverpool Ascendant: British Merchants and the Slave Trade on the Upper Guinea Coast, 1701-1808 ..................................................................... 29 Kenneth Morgan Chapter 3. ŖKeep hur Bottom Well paid with Stuffŗ: A Letter of Instruction for a Slaving Venture to the Upper Guinea Coast in 1760 ................................ 51 Bruce Mouser Chapter 4. Robert Bostock of Liverpool and the British Slave Trade on the Upper Guinea Coast, 1769-93 ................................................................................ 69 Denise Jones Chapter 5. The Dirty Business of Panyarring and Palaver: Slave Trading on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Eighteenth Century .......................................... 89 Sean Kelley Chapter 6. Forgotten Colony in Africa: The British Province of Senegambia (1765-83) .................................................................................................................. 109 Paul E. Lovejoy Chapter 7. ŖAfricanŗ Settlers in the Founding of Freetown ........................... 127 James Sidbury SLAVERY, ABOLITION AND THE TRANSITION TO COLONIALISM IN SIERRA LEONE Chapter 8. ŖDedicated to the Sound Politicians of all the Trading Nations of Europeŗ: Sierra Leone and the European Colonial Imagination ................... 143 Kate Hodgson Chapter 9. From Company Administration to Crown Control: Experimentation and Adaptation in Sierra Leone in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries .................................................................................. 163 Suzanne Schwarz Chapter 10. Freetown and ŖFreedom?ŗ Colonialism and Slavery in Sierra Leone, 1790s to 1861............................................................................................. 189 Philip Misevich Chapter 11. La Amistadřs ŖInterpreterŗ Reinterpreted: James ŖKaweliŗ Coveyřs Distressed Atlantic Childhood and the Production of Knowledge about Nineteenth-Century Sierra Leone ............................................................ 217 Benjamin Lawrance Chapter 12. Sierra Leone Indentured Workers in Guyana and Martinique in the Nineteenth Century ......................................................................................... 257 Céline Flory Notes on Contributors .......................................................................................... 273 Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 277 viii List of Illustrations ====================================== Figures Cover: William John Huggins, ŖA View of Freetown, Sierra Leone,ŗ 1837, © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London Figure 1.1 Freetown, Sierra Leone, c. 1850 ............................................................ 3 Figure 1.2 Bunce [Bence] Island, c. 1727 ................................................................ 9 Figure 1.3 King in Full Dress, with Wives and Children, Sierra Leone River, c. 1805 ......................................................................................................... 12 Figure 1.4 Freetown, Sierra Leone, c. 1850 .......................................................... 14 Figure 1.5 Sierra Leone River, 1787-88 ................................................................. 16 Figure 3.1 Factory Point, Îles de Los, c. 1794 ..................................................... 54 Figure 3.2 Bunce Island, c. 1727 ............................................................................ 55 Figure 3.3 Newspaper Advertisement: The Ship, Bance Island, at Charleston ................................................................................................... 57 Figure 8.1 C.B. Wadström, A View taken near Bain, on the Coast of Guinea in Affrica (London: James Phillips, 1789) ................................................. 144 Figure 9.1 Medal Commemorating the Abolition of the Slave Trade ........... 170 Figure 11.1 Lithograph of ŖJames Coveyŗ from John Warner Barber (1840) ......................................................................................................... 218 Figure 11.2 Slave Barracoon (1849) ..................................................................... 228 Figure 11.3 Cross Section of Embarkation Canoe (1849) ............................... 229 Figure 11.4 Crossing the Bar of Gallinas (1849) ............................................... 230 Figure 11.5 The Capture of the Slaver Formidable by HMS Buzzard, 1834 .... 233 Figure 11.6 Market on Gallinas Coast, c. 1845-50 ............................................ 240 Maps Map 1.1 Upper Guinea Coast, 1820 ........................................................................ 8 Map 11.2 James ŖKaweliŗ Coveyřs Atlantic Journeys ...................................... 220 Tables Table 1.1 Slave Departures from Upper Guinea Coast ..................................... 24 SLAVERY, ABOLITION AND THE TRANSITION TO COLONIALISM IN SIERRA LEONE Table 2.1 Number of Slaves Embarked on the Upper Guinea Coast, 1701- 1808: Port of Origin of British Ships ......................................................42 Table 2.2 British Commercial Partnerships on the Upper Guinea Coast, 1701-1808 ....................................................................................................42 Table 2.3 Location of British Slave Purchases on Upper Guinea Coast, 1701-1808 ....................................................................................................44 Table 4.1 Slave Voyages of Robert Bostock .........................................................80 Table 5.1 Captive Embarkations between Cacheu and Cape Palmas, 1768 ..............................................................................................................92 Table 6.1 Embarkations by National Carrier from Senegambia, 1765-1783 ................................................................................................. 115 Table 6.2 Destinations of Africans from Province of Senegambia and French Enclaves, 1765-83 ..................................................................... 115 Table 8.1 Anatomy of a Free Community ......................................................... 151 Table 10.1 Fugitive Slaves Entering Freetown by Ethnicity and Gender, 1858-61 ..................................................................................................... 204 Table 12.1 Number of Indentured Workers, 1854-1857 ................................. 262 Table 12.2 Place of Origins of Recruits .............................................................. 264 Table 12.3 Ages of Indentured Workers ............................................................ 265 Table 12.4 Status of African Immigrants in Guyana, 1869 ............................. 269 x Acknowledgments ====================================== n interdisciplinary conference held at the Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery and Emancipation, University of Hull, in September A 2008, provides the inspiration for this volume. Fittingly, the conference, ŖEmpire, Slave Trade and Slavery: Rebuilding Civil Society in Sierra Leone. Past and Present,ŗ occurred a year after the bicentenary of the abolition of the British slave trade, which was widely celebrated both in Britain and throughout the world. Under the leadership of Professor David Richardson, Director of the Wilberforce Institute, the organizers wanted to sustain the interest in slavery and abolition that had reached a peak during 2007 and the celebration of British abolition. The intention was to focus on the themes addressed in this volume, as well as to explore contemporary issues that have affected Sierra Leoneřs more recent development, including the reconstruction that was underway following the termination of civil war in Sierra Leone (1991-2002). The present volume focuses on the historical period of the slave trade and the settlement of Freetown as a colony arising from the abolition campaign. Seven of the papers which follow were presented at the WISE conference, while the editors have written an introduction that places the several contributions to the volume in the context of the history of the upper Guinea coast and the early development of the colony of Sierra Leone. The interrelationship between transatlantic slavery, abolition and colonization in Sierra Leone forms the central theme of this collection. The volume is dedicated to Christopher Fyfe (1920-2008), whose contributions to the history of Sierra Leone are widely recognized as pioneering. Fyfe became Government Archivist
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