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Vigyanotsav 2019 University of Hyderabad, 9 February, 2019

Science Education Group TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Gopanpally, Hyderabad 1 Sci in ya l

The scientific method begins with an observation that leads to a question about the observed phenomena.

2 Observing the unobserved (1632-1723)

Microscopic section of ash tree wood drawn by Leeuwenhoek

Infusoria-1674 (Protozoa observed by Leeuwenhoek) 3 How did Leeuwenhoek do it?

Leeuwenhoek’s

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek 4 The secret of Leeuwenhoek’s microscope C.L. Stong (1957)

Preparing the Objective lens Glass sphere microscope

Source: http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/usph/usph.htm 5 Today’s techniques

● Micro-scale plastic molding

● Centerless ball grinding

Medical endoscope Optical fibre coupler

Phone camera Hairpin microscope A lens for 15 Rupees!!!

6 Source: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098781 Two biomechanical engineers

Manu Prakash Jim Cybulski

7 Some common

Compound microscope

Dynam mini microscope

Foldscope

Magnification: 60X Cost: Rs. 549/-

Magnification: 130X Cost: Rs. 120/- Magnification: 150X-400X Cost: Rs. 2000/- 8 A microscope for all !!

Sample observation through Foldscope at Manikpur Ashramshala

Foldscope session with middle school children, Ashramshala, Dhanora

TSWREIS students folding the TSWREIS students with their 9 Foldscopes during Workshop Foldscopes Students observe, draw and question

10 Images / videos under Foldscope

Garlic peel Spider Lily lower Lower epidermis: Cheek cells (stained Onion peel epidermis Birds of Paradise with methylene leaves blue)

Search : TIFR microcosmos

11 Science in the kitchen

Are tomatoes alive?

12 Are tomatoes alive?

Tomato pulp (Pericarp) cells

Source: http://saurabhg.com/microscopy/tomato-cells-microscope/ 13 Are tomatoes alive?

Image Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat ion/262055762 Image Source: https://www.gardeners.com/how-to/se lecting-the-right-tomato-variety/5259 .html

14 Observing cells on leaf surface

Stomata

15 Observing onion cells

Onion tunic under Tunic of onion Foldscope

Outer peel Inner peel

Inner epidermis of onion scale 16 How are onions similar to leaves?

Outer peel

Inner peel

Outer peel of onion (Lower epidermis)

17 What grows on onions?

Spores eject out under water Outer skin peeled to show Conidiophore on the edge of the dry the onion skin

18 Fungus on onions

https://youtu.be/h8IaEGWnMzA

Cornell’s Speedy Bio

Aspergillus niger

19 Spots on curry leaves

Curry leaves with brown spots Brown spot observed under Foldscope

20 Source: https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=64059 What is that?

Head Abdomen Entire body

Source: https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=38117 21 Patthar phool / Kalpasi

Source: https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=114384 22 Water samples

Filamentous algae-Oedogonium Pedestal pond

Puddle formed by Manjeera pipe leakage

Rainwater pool

Moss and Moss on rainwater concrete mixed in a tank vial 23 Communicate your methods and findings

24 25 26 27 28 You too can do it!

Begin with observations

Ask questions Connect the macro with the micro

Connect textbook facts with reality

Make sense of observations

Communicate you learning!

29 You may use microscopes in your school lab Or foldscopes

30 Ways of getting Foldscopes

From foldscope.com: classroom kit (20) + import duty -- Rs.150/-

Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology

From Flipkart or Amazon -- more expensive

31 Thank you!

Presentation by:

Debashree, Ashalatha, Jayashree 32