A Study on Analysing Microorganism Growth in Various Materials of Cooking Vessels

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 A Study On Analysing Microorganism Growth In Various Materials Of Cooking Vessels

Dr.E.Muthu Kumaran, M.Navin Kumar, Dr.J.Deny, Dr.T.S.Arun Samuel

Abstract: Microorganisms areomni-present, in food it can be beneficial as well as harmful based on their nature. The present study focused on analyzing the rate of microorganism growth on various materials of cooking vessels which inhibit the microbial growth on its surface. In many studies it is mentioned that various pathogenic bacteria like E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp., present in cooking vessels and surrounding materials in kitchen. The main objective of this study is to utilize the low cost paper based microscope to understand the nature of the material less susceptible to bacterial colonization. The work was carried out with eight different type of cooking vessels commonly used which includes Copper, Brass, Silver, earthen pot, glass, tin, plastic and stainless steel. The food starch stained with different chemical reagents and observed under the Foldscope to identify the growth of microorganism at different materials of the cooking vessels at different intervals. Out of all, vessel made of Brass was showing inhibition towards microbial growth till the 48 hours.

Keywords: Microorganism, food quality, cooking vessel, inhibit, Foldscope. ————————————————————

1. INTRODUCTION The cross-contamination in kitchens are due to sponges Microbes are ubiquitous in nature and found everywhere and dishcloths, since they can transfer microorganisms to including land, water and air. Microbes are important in surfaces where microorganisms can survive for hours or human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment days and contaminate food persisting in these disease foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other vehicles [8]. bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in various field. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures. Foldscope is an optical microscope formed by assembling the sheet of paper and a lens. It is the cheapest and easy tool to observe the biological and non – biological samples with the resolution of 2 microns and 140X magnification.The low cost foldscopewas invented by Manu Prakash[1] at Stanford University, for reaching the microscope to all class of peoples. Figure 1 shows the image of the Foldscope. James et.al [2] has described the large scale manufacturing Figure 1. Paper Based Microscope - Foldscope cost of the origami based paper microscope and its instrumentations. Ephraim et.al [3] have diagnosis’s the 2. MATERIALS AND METHOD kind of infection using mobile phone microscope and it can .

used as global tool for health applications. In spite of being 2.1 Materials of Cooking Vessels free of infection with E. coli, the dishes are comparatively The research work was carried with eight different type of high infection with heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform, cooking vessels commonly used which includes Copper, this may be due to the lack of health compliance by kitchen Brass, Silver, earthen pot, glass, tin, plastic and stainless staffs or inadequate washing and disinfection of dishes [4]. steel. Many researchers [5-6] studied Foldscope and its application in the various fields of sciences.Contamination can also be passed fromkitchen utensils or equipment when contacting food [7].

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 Dr.E.Muthu Kumaran, M.Navin Kumar, Dr.J.Deny, Dr.T.S.Arun Samuel  Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India, Mobile: +91 9840308797, [email protected]  Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India, Mobile:+91 9531879354,[email protected]  Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education,Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, India, Mobile: +91 8807110703, [email protected]

 National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India, Mobile:+91 7502102107, [email protected] Figure 2. Different type of cooking vessels taken for study 2195 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616

Even kitchen sponges and dishcloths could lead to cross- contamination in kitchens since they can transfer microorganisms to surfaces where microorganisms can survive for hours or days and contaminate food persisting in these disease vehicles [6]. Diverse microorganisms including pathogenic microbes like Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Streptococcus sp. were encountered in kitchen sponges [8]. Under favorable circumstances (temperature, pH, relative humidity), pathogenic microorganisms are able to survive and/or replicate in large scale [8]. Therefore the vessels were sterile and wrapped in the laboratory and stored in clean place.

2.2 Characterization of bacterial Cultures

Figure 3.Slide Placed in the Paper based Microscope - 2.2.1 Starch preparation Foldscope Starch of 1000 ml was prepared and sterilized. The sterilized starch solution was poured onto the vessels 2.2.5Sample Collection 100ml each and kept for incubation at room temperature The observations were recorded. at regular interval of time 27˚C. The prepared starch has been applied over all the at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 32 hours and 48 cooking vessels at same humidity and temperature. hours

2.2.2 Agar preparation

2.2.2.1Nutrient Agar The Nutrient agar was prepared using sterile distilled water, with the composition of nutrient agar 14gm ; agar 2.5 gm, in 500ml of milli Q water. Spread plate on this media at different time interval and incubation for 24 hours. The presence and absence colonies on the media were observed. By this observation of microbial growth, the microbial growth inhibiting material cooking vessel is monitored.

2.2.2.2Potato Dextrose Agar The Potato Dextrose Agar was also prepared in sterile distilled water. The composition of PDA is PDA 19.5 gms, Agar 5gm in 500ml of milli Q water. Spread plate on this samples from 9 different types of cooking vessels. media at different time interval and incubation for 24 hours and observing the presence and absence colonies on the Figure 4. Samples collected at various time intervals media. By this observation of fungal growth, the fungal of the The collected samples were placed in the agar growth inhibiting material cooking vessel is monitored. medium to

2.2.3 Gram staining of bacteria The slides were prepared by simple staining for selected 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION colonies. On the basis of cell wall composition to From the respective agar plates the microorganisms are differentiate the bacteria whether it belongs to Gram isolated from different materials of cooking vessels includes positive or Gram negative, Gram's staining was done [8]. samples from copper, silver, stainless steel, fibre, plastic, brass, tin, mud and glass were given in Figure 5. 2.2.4Isolation and Characterization of microorganisms Bacterial cultures were observed to find gram negative and gram positive bacteria by performing staining at various time intervals. The slide was placed in the paper based microscope interfaced with a mobile phone. After staining the cells were observed under foldscope and recorded the images for further analysis.

48 hours Nutrient Agar plates: Sample2(Microorganism growth in Silver Observed under Foldscope)

Sample 3(Microorganism growth in Stainless Steel observed under Foldsccope)

Sample:1(Copper) Sample:2(Silver)

Sample: 3(Stainless Steel)Sample:4(Fibre)

Sample 4(Microorganism growth in Fibre observed under Foldscope)

Sample:5(Plastic)Sample:6(Brass) Sample5 (Microorganism growth in Plastic observed under Sample:7(Tin) Sample:8(Mud) Foldscope) Sample: 9(Glass)

Sample:9(Glass) Sample 6 (Microorganism growth in Brass observed under Foldscope) The colony growth of the bacteria was captured through the paper based microscope ―Foldscope‖. Interfacing the simple microscope Foldscope with the mobile camera the images can be captured very clearly for the identification and estimation were given in Figure 6. Sample 1(Microorganism growth in Copper Observed under Foldscope)

Sample 7 (Microorganism growth in Tin observed under Foldscope

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